Classification of ferrous metal scrap. Scrap of non-ferrous metals - categories, types

Currently, two main standards are used to classify scrap metal: GOST 2787-75 and GOST 1639-2009. The first standard classifies waste from ferrous metals, the second - waste from non-ferrous metals.

All collected scrap metal is divided into three main groups:

1. Black scrap.

2. Colored scrap.

This group includes scrap made of copper, copper alloys, aluminum, magnesium, titanium, lead, complex alloys, and semiconductor scrap.

3. Precious scrap.

These groups have their own classification. It, as well as the markings used within it, are determined by GOST standards.

Classification of ferrous metal scrap

Waste from ferrous metals is classified:

• depending on carbon content (2 classes - steel and cast iron secondary metals);
• depending on the content of alloying elements (2 classes - carbon (A), alloyed (B), as well as 67 groups);
• by quality indicators (28 categories).

The main classification according to GOST 2787-75 assigns general designations for each of the 28 types of ferrous metal scrap. The designation is formed from a letter designation (A or B for carbon or alloy metals) and a digital designation of the scrap metal category by quality.

The main, most common categories of ferrous metal waste include:

• 3A, 5A, 12A - steel waste. 3A - lumpy, more than 6 mm thick, 5A - oversized, more than 4 mm thick, 12A - industrial, high-quality, household waste, lightweight structures, less than 4 mm thick;
• 17A, 19A, 20A, 22A - cast iron scrap, industrial waste, plumbing products.

Classification of non-ferrous metal scrap

Waste from non-ferrous metals and alloys is classified according to GOST 1639-2009. This standard determines whether scrap belongs to a particular group in accordance with which metal predominates in its composition. The following categories are highlighted.

• , 32 species.
• , 17 species.
• Cadmium, 2 types.
• Cobalt, 3 types.
• Magnesium, 8 types.
• , 13 types.
• Bronze, 15 types.
• , 23 species.
• , 9 types.
• , 26 species.
• Tin, 10 types.
• Mercury, 6 types.
• Lead, 13 types.
• , 7 types.
• , 13 types.

There are 6 types of bimetal waste and 8 types of complex scrap.

If the scrap metal has a heterogeneous composition, its type is determined by Vinmet employees based on the predominant metal in the chemical composition.

The division of waste into types in each of the listed categories is carried out according to a set of characteristics and parameters. The main ones among them are the following:

• origin (industrial waste, broken products, etc.);
• physical condition of scrap metal (shavings, paste, pieces or sheets);
• dimensions of individual pieces, fragments, structures, their weight, delivery method (stacks, bags, other types of packaging);
• the exact chemical composition of metal scrap (determined in laboratory conditions, for each type standards are established for the content of certain impurities);
• degree of metal contamination (presence of foreign impurities from metallic and non-metallic materials;
• minimum or maximum thickness (set for sheets, pipes, etc.).

The highest quality for each category is the 1st type. As a rule, it is clean metal without foreign inclusions, with minimal contamination. Further, the quality level decreases in order of increasing numerical type designation. For all types of non-ferrous metal waste, GOST establishes standards for acceptance, evaluation, processing and disposal.

Acceptance of scrap metal of any category is possible only in a company that itself processes and extracts pure alloy from waste raw materials. The redemption price is set depending on whether the metal belongs to a particular group, so each batch is assessed individually.

How is the category of scrap metal determined?

Our company accepts ferrous metal of various categories in St. Petersburg and uses a special table with a complete description of the characteristics and properties of the metal for evaluation. There are several groups of scrap metal, which are established depending on the alloy and the condition of the raw materials, and our company in St. Petersburg strictly follows these regulations.

Category 12A

This group includes scrap metal, consisting of household and industrial scrap, which is packaged in separate bags with a total weight of no more than 40 kg. There are no dimensional restrictions, and scrap metal in this group can take any shape and configuration. Such scrap metal is characterized by a high percentage of contamination and the presence of rust on the surface, and there are no strict restrictions on overall dimensions and sorting.

Category 3A

Scrap metal category 3A includes steel scrap of limited size. The mass of each individual fragment must not exceed 600 kg, and the length cannot be more than 1.6 meters. This group includes steel pipes that are cut and flattened. When receiving such raw materials, it may be necessary to dismantle the structure and use special construction equipment.

Category 5A

Category 5A scrap metal consists of oversized steel and alloy scrap. This group also includes steel scrap; the bag packaging should not exceed 5 kg. This group includes most of the scrap metal that individuals can hand over. Household products, industrial waste and building fragments are accepted as such raw materials.

Category 17A

Category 17A metal is scrap cast iron products that have no dimensional restrictions and are packaged in bags weighing up to 20 kg. If you need to hand over raw materials of such a group, then individual pieces do not have to be cut and prepared for reception.

If you need to hand over scrap of any of the presented groups, in addition to the exact definition of the standard, the condition of the metal is checked during handling. We offer to sell scrap of category 12A and any others at high prices and resort to comprehensive reception services using special construction equipment.

Our company offers to sell ferrous and non-ferrous scrap metal in St. Petersburg at the best prices, and a comprehensive purchase will eliminate the need to hire additional labor or rent special equipment.

The market for processing secondary raw materials is widely popular in our country. This applies in particular to ferrous and non-ferrous scrap metal. Generally, recycled ferrous metals are divided into two classes. By carbon content:

Steel scrap;

Cast iron scrap.

According to the presence of alloying elements:

Carbon;

Alloying.

There are 28 types of metal quality and 67 groups, which are determined by the content of alloying elements. As an example, you can go to the website of the PromInvest company http://www.metalistgroup.ru/ and look at existing offers. The distribution of secondary ferrous metals by category, type, designation and code is distributed according to the following standards.

1A - waste of lump metal, which is processed in smelters. Except for the wire. There are size restrictions;

2A; 2B is scrap in pieces that can be recycled. The maximum size of a piece is 60x35x25cm. But under certain circumstances they can accept larger pieces if they are processed accordingly;

3A is steel lump metal scrap, whose dimensions do not exceed 1.5x0.5x0.5 meters with a weight of no more than 600 kg and no less than 1 kg. These can also be pipes if the diameter is more than 150 mm and the metal thickness is at least 4 mm. Pipes must be sawn lengthwise or flattened;

3AB is also scrap steel with the dimensions indicated above. Only pipes in this category must have a metal thickness of more than 8 mm. Excluded: parts of engines and mechanisms, as well as axles of trucks;

3AP is a piece of rail metal no more than 1.5 m long, disks, as well as axles no larger than 1.5 x 0.5 x 0.5 m. Including rail fastenings: bolts, crutches and other elements;

3АБТ - Scrap steel with overall dimensions no more than 1.5 x 0.5 x 0.5 m, weighing no more than 600 kg and no less than 1 kg, pipes with a diameter of more than 150 mm must be flattened or cut lengthwise. Thickness not less than 20 mm;

4A; 4B is small scrap metal, which is often found in production: unnecessary nuts, bolts, washers, and so on. In a word, everything that is suitable for processing in smelting units;

5A; 5B - oversized pieces of waste: steel scrap, etc.;

6A; 6B - briquetted steel shavings No. 1. There are no size restrictions. Certain conditions for the density of secondary raw materials;

7A; 7B - briquetted steel shavings No. 2. It also has no restrictions on dimensions, but there are certain conditions according to density;

8A; 8B - low-weight clean steel waste in bags. There are size requirements. In certain cases, dimensions can be reduced upon request;

9A; 9B are lightweight waste bags with font No. 2. The requirements are the same as for package No. 1;

10A - scrap metal and steel waste in bags No. 3. The minimum weight is 40 kg.

11A; 11B is bagged scrap from high-quality metal waste: pipes, strips, and so on;

12A - household and industrial scrap metal in bags. Varietal and other waste.

13A; 13B - steel wire and ropes. The diameter of the skein does not exceed 100 cm with a weight of no more than 20 kg;

14A; 14B - waste chips No. 1 without the presence of lump metal;

15A; 15B - waste chips No. 2 without vine-shaped fragments;

16A; 16B - vine-shaped shavings intended for processing in appropriate ovens. Without any dimensional restrictions;

17A; 17B - waste from the production of cast iron and scrap. Weighing up to 20 kg;

18A; 18B - cast iron and metal waste No. 2;

19A - waste from the production of cast iron No. 3 with a high fluorine content;

20A; 20B - oversized cast iron waste for remelting. No size or weight requirements;

22A - cast iron scrap metal of category No. 3;

23A - briquetted chips without specific dimensional requirements with a weight of up to 20 kg;

24A - cleaned cast iron shavings without the presence of pieces of scrap;

25A; 25B - these are pieces of enameled and galvanized scrap metal;

26A; 26B - dimensionless additive;

27A - industrial scale, without parts and trimmings;

28A - furnace slag without specific size requirements;

5B22 - waste manganese steels intended for remelting.

From this list we can highlight scrap metal, which we encounter in everyday life every day and is not subject to any processing. From this we can conclude that the state is not particularly interested in the secondary raw materials market and, as practice shows, private enterprises are engaged in this. Therefore, it is necessary to know the GOST standards for ferrous scrap metal.

conclusions

Thanks to the above list of classification of ferrous scrap metal, it will be easier for specialists to understand government standards. This is not a detailed example, but a summary of the main positions of secondary raw materials intended for processing in smelting furnaces of metallurgical plants.

Ferrous metal scrap GOST 2787 is recycled metal waste intended for further use in the production of metal products. Experts identify different types of material that must be distinguished for proper further use. Due to the fact that the prices of scrap ferrous metals are low, it is possible to select profitable secondary raw materials, from which high-quality products are subsequently created. Let's try to understand this concept and answer all related questions.

Classification, types

Ferrous metal scrap according to GOST 2787 is divided into two types, which is important when organizing secondary production and metal processing. The first option is steel components and parts, the second is cast iron, both indicators are directly related to the percentage level of carbon in the chemical composition.

Two more groups are distinguished depending on the content of alloying elements. In this regard, they mean a carbon group and an alloyed one.

According to the state standard, there are 28 quality classes of secondary raw materials, which are grouped into 67 groups. We are talking about the following options:

• group 1A, which includes lump metal waste. Scrap metal, with the exception of steel wire, is processed using special melting furnaces. Depending on the design features of the equipment, the permissible dimensions of secondary raw materials change;
• 2A and B, which are represented by lump components subject to processing. In this case, we are talking about parts with dimensions within the range of 600x350x250 mm, but in a number of situations, ferrous metal scrap traders sell larger dimensions, subject to the required level of processing of the steel part.
• Scrap 3A consists of lump components, the dimensions of which fit within the limits of 0.8x0.5x0.5 meters. The weight of the product to be recycled should not be less than a kilogram and more than 600 kg. A special case of such products are steel pipes with a diameter of 150 mm or more with a wall thickness of more than 4 mm. Profiles of this type must be sawed longitudinally and flattened;
• Next comes an analogue of the previous group 3AB, which is distinguished by maintaining the specified dimensions. In this case, we are talking about pipes within the category, the wall thickness of which exceeds 8 mm. Exceptions include device components such as truck axles and machine/engine components;
• The next option in the group is 3AP, represented by recycled rail raw materials. Ferrous scrap of this type can be purchased in the form of sections of rail profiles up to one and a half meters long, axles corresponding to the dimensions indicated above. Fasteners such as crutches or bolts also correspond to this group;
• If there is a need to buy scrap ferrous metals in the form of pipes with a wall thickness of at least 20 mm, while maintaining all the above dimensions and weights, then they must be pre-processed. We are talking about cutting along and flattening mechanically. Group 3ABT;
• the next group is represented by 4A and B, that is, small scrap metal of industrial origin. This type includes hardware, worn out, damaged, simply dismantled and other similar sized components that are suitable for remelting in special installations;
• Next comes scrap 5A and B, which include oversized pieces of waste, for example, scrap of various alloys and steel grades. The pipe wall thickness exceeds 6 mm, component sizes start from 1.5x0.5x0.5 mm;
• Group 6A and B includes chips number 1, which are pressed into briquettes. GOST 2787 ferrous metal scrap traders do not impose restrictions on block sizes, however, the density of prepared recyclables is taken into account;
• 7A and B are an analogue of the previous version of secondary raw materials, only briquettes are formed from shavings No. 2. There is also no framework for dimensions, but the density is taken into account by experts before purchasing scrap ferrous metals;
• Group 8A and B are clean waste collected in lightweight bags. Restrictions are introduced on the dimensions of the packaging form; if it is necessary to buy scrap ferrous metals GOST 2787 of a certain configuration, the permissible dimensions can be reduced by agreement with the production plant;
• continuation of the previous class - 9A and B. They differ only in product labeling, in the early group they use packages with font No. 1, and the ones under consideration - 2;
• group 10A already represents packages with font 3. In this case, restrictions on the minimum weight are imposed on the products, it is 40 kilograms;
• packaged scrap ferrous metals GOST 2787 from high quality recycled materials, such as rolled pipes, profiles of various sections and sizes - these are groups 11A and B;
• 12A scrap is also supplied in packages, which is represented by materials of household and industrial origin, rolled products and others. Oversized scrap, wall thickness does not exceed 5 mm;

  
  

  
  

  
  

  
  

• 13A and B are ropes and wire products made of steel. It is required to comply with a certain threshold in terms of dimensions, so the diameter of the coiled products should not exceed a meter, and the weight should not exceed 20 kilograms;
• chips without the presence of lump metal are groups 14A and B. We are talking about chips No. 1;
• chips number 2, provided there are no long twisted sections - these are 15A and B;
• If you buy scrap ferrous metals of groups 16A and B, the products are intended for processing in special furnaces. This is the vine-like shavings left over from the previous group, which are not subject to restrictions on overall dimensions;
• if secondary raw materials came in the form of waste from iron production in the form of dimensional components weighing within 20 kg, but not less than 0.5 g, then this is scrap 17A and B;
• the previous class includes materials numbered 1, 18A and B include waste from the production of cast iron products numbered 2;
• 19A consists of oversized cast iron waste in the range of 1.5x0.5x0.5, but they differ from analogues in the increased percentage of phosphorus in the composition;
• Levels 20A and B include oversized waste from industrial equipment made of cast iron intended for remelting, the weight of each component should not exceed 5 tons;
• if you need to buy scrap ferrous metals, in particular category 2 cast iron and oversized components in the form of pallets, then you should pay attention to group 21A;
• oversized scrap of cast iron plumbing materials is included in group 22A;
• if ferrous metal scrap traders offer briquetted shavings weighing up to 20 kg, then we are talking about group 23A;
• cast iron shavings that undergo a cleaning stage upon release are group 24A. It is necessary to achieve a level of quality at which there will be no large pieces of metal in the composition;
• if the delivery includes galvanized or enameled products, then this is group 25A and B;
• group 26A and B – dimensionless additive;
• scale without components of metal profiles and parts, as well as segments - this is 27A;
• slag from furnaces without strict requirements for the dimensions of parts to be processed constitute group 28A;
• the last group is secondary raw materials from manganese steels intended for remelting - this is 5B22. It is worth noting that this option has increased prices for scrap ferrous metals due to the complex composition with the addition of a large percentage of expensive metal;
• Scrap mix includes both steel and cast iron, unclassified mixed scrap, but excluding the presence of steel wire, ropes and zinc-coated scrap, that is, galvanized scrap.

It is worth emphasizing that the state does not show much interest in companies involved in the processing of secondary raw materials. In this regard, the sector primarily involves private companies, which set, among other things, the prices of scrap ferrous metals.

Features of working with recycled materials

First of all, consumers of recyclable materials are metallurgists. Ferrous metal scrap prices are reasonable, which makes the material interesting for recycling. Due to minimal purchasing costs and an optimized processing process, mills receive finished steel at an affordable price. This raw material is then used to create various types of metallurgical products. At the same time, certain parameters must be observed so that the steel does not ultimately lose quality.

Ferrous scrap traders process incoming recyclables to make them suitable for the smelting furnaces. First, the cargo arriving at the plant is sorted. Products are divided into several groups. Initially, products are distinguished according to quality parameters, the presence of certain elements in the composition, as well as the specifics of further processing. Potentially hazardous parts and components that may carry flammable substances and may detonate during processing are separated from all cargo. Select non-metallic inclusions and non-ferrous metal elements.

Then comes the turn of mechanical and chemical processing of the product. Large parts are cut into suitable dimensions, if necessary in accordance with the classification. The material is crushed, degreased in case of serious foci of contamination, compacted if the composition contains many extended components of small thickness, and is finally melted. It is noted that any production participant or company can process a recyclable structure; the prices of scrap ferrous metals do not depend on this.

During the sorting process, impurities are removed from the entire composition, especially radioactive inclusions. The volume also needs to be cleared of components of chemical origin. Sorted types of materials undergo in-depth processing, which allows them to move from one quality group to another. Depending on this parameter, the prices of scrap ferrous metals also change. Basically, experts with this type of processing pay attention to dimensions, group and type. To use products in processing processes, several main indicators are taken into account:

• degree of ease of loading secondary steel into the melting furnace;
• the possibility of using the material in a particular production process;
• mechanical processing options for each type of raw material.

Based on the results of the work done, documentation is generated that contains justification for the group and quality. In parallel with the demarcation, the formation of batches and cargo units is underway. In addition to achieving the specified parameters, sorting increases the price of ferrous metal scrap, this is due to the fact that the uniformity of the generated supply improves. The more homogeneous the raw material, the better it will behave during the smelting process and the result will be of higher quality.

The collected raw materials are packaged in a certain way, that is, the components are given shape. In this case, there are two options: briquettes and bags. Such forms are more convenient due to the approximate uniformity of delivery in terms of dimensions and weight, which makes it possible to simplify metal smelting.

Before the customer can purchase ferrous scrap formed into a bag, the lightweight product is processed in a baling press. The equipment is similar to the systems used for waste paper, but the installation develops much higher pressure. Cuttings of rolled pipes, steel sheets, profiled products, rods and cuttings of various standard sizes are processed in this way. Deformation occurs with flat working parts in three directions, creating a parallelepiped within which the components naturally interlock with each other.

Metal shavings are processed in a similar way, but using a briquetting press. Ready scrap ferrous metals GOST 2787 also has a standardized shape/size, which makes it convenient for further processing.

Both processing methods are convenient because they can seriously save space during transportation and storage. Dense blocks are compactly folded in a warehouse or for road transportation by trucks.

Acceptance of scrap ferrous metals GOST 2787

Acceptance is an important stage during which the customer tries to optimize the costs of unloading, checking, storing and accounting. After weighing the received goods, the degree of contamination and the depth of the ongoing corrosion processes are assessed. From the obtained figures, a standardized parameter is subtracted - the percentage of litter. The product characteristics specified in the accompanying documentation are assessed, such as composition, purity, weight and dimensions, crumbling and the maximum permissible content of modernizing components. For evaluation, small samples are taken from the batch, and the result is distributed to the entire supply as a whole.

The simplest control method used for scrap ferrous metals according to GOST 2787 is visual inspection. In this case, it is possible to identify clogging and the mass fraction of foreign inclusions, the mass and dimensions are estimated using the appropriate tool, and the density is estimated using simple formulas. Shattering is detected when a bag/briquette is dropped three times without force onto a concrete or metal base from a height of one and a half meters. A chemical study is also carried out in the laboratory, which allows one to estimate the percentage level of alloying components.

Products are unloaded before quality assessment begins at special sites, which are recommended to be equipped with settling tanks for oil and fuels and lubricants. In this regard, special bunkers are often used, which may or may not be equipped with drains for lubricants.

Ferrous metal scrap GOST 2787 is an essential component of the processing industry; through its use, it is possible to reduce the impact on the environment and reuse high-quality alloys. On the “Price Monitoring” portal you can compare the prices of scrap ferrous metals from various suppliers and order high-quality certified products from one of the proven and proven manufacturers on the market.