How can you glue roofing felt on the roof? Gluing roofing felt to bitumen mastic (Cold method)

Ruberoid- This is a laminated plastic based on paper (roofing cardboard) and bitumen resin. Accordingly, it is a soft, flexible sheet (roll) material, quite durable, resistant to ultraviolet radiation, temperature changes, weather-resistant, lightweight and with good waterproofing and dielectric properties. As you can see, there are many advantages listed, so this article will tell you how to properly cover a roof with roofing felt for the construction of economical roofs and waterproofing (mainly foundations).

Disadvantage of bitumen The problem is that the cardboard base, although impregnated with fusible bitumen, can collapse over time or absorb moisture if the protective layer is damaged. In addition, it is not resistant to puncture and tearing; the material is dark, which means it gets very hot from the sun (even though it is covered with a layer of refractory bitumen resin on top).

Cardboard on roofing material different brands has different densities, which determines its purpose. The length of the roll is 15 meters, and the weight and strength are different for everyone. Before covering the roof, roofing material in rolls must be rewound with the reverse side.

The letters in the abbreviation mean “P” - roofing material; "K" - for the roof of the roof.

The third letter is the type of top powder, for example:

• “K” – coarse-grained
• “P” – scaly
• “M” – fine-grained

The numbers are the density of the cardboard; the higher it is, the stronger the roofing felt.

Coarse-grained roofing felts are always for the outer layer. The most powerful waterproofing is provided by built-up roofing felt, which has a thick top layer and an additional bottom layer of special mastic. You can glue it using kerosene or white spirit, or by melting the bottom layer with a burner.

For the middle and lower layers of the roof it is necessary to use roofing felt of the RKP brand, for the internal layers with the RKM marking.

How many layers of roofing felt should be laid?

To cover a roof with ordinary roofing felt, at least 2 layers are required

The number of layers of roofing felt depends on how long the roof is planned to be used, its slope and the material used. Where euroroofing felt can be laid in one layer, 2 layers of conventional roofing felt are required.

On slopes with a slope of 45 degrees to make a roof that will last for several years, roofing felt is laid at least 2 layers: a bedding layer without crumbs is glued onto the bitumen mastic, then a top layer with stone chips.

With a slope of 20-40 degrees and if the roof is needed to be more durable, for 10-15 years, 3 layers are laid. The two bottom ones are lined, the top one is filled with stone chips.

On roofs with a slight slope (up to 15 degrees) 4 sheets are laid, three interlining and finishing, they must be laid perpendicular to each other.

On flat roofs make 5 layers of roofing material, and everything is glued. Lay perpendicular to each other.

Preparing the roof surface

Important condition: your roof must be dry. You should not cover with roofing felt in the rain!

Roofing felt is laid on a flat base, rafters or support. All roofing work with roofing felt is carried out only in clear weather. If it rains, you can arrange a canopy and continue work, but only if the surface remains dry or does not become damp from splashes, fog, or high air humidity. Otherwise, the material simply will not stick.

If you need to cover a flat concrete roof with roofing felt(for example, from reinforced concrete floors), then a reinforced screed is made on top of the floor, 3-5 cm thick, with a slope (1 cm per linear meter) in one direction to facilitate snow melting or to the gutter. Gently apply heated or cold (see recommendations on the can) bitumen mastic onto the dry, cleaned screed with a brush or roller (option: pour a ladle of mastic and spread it with a mop). When it sets, you can glue the first layer of roofing felt.

If the slope is small, the sheathing needs to be solid (butt boards or plywood, chipboard), otherwise the snow can push through the canvas and the roofing material will begin to collapse. A slope of more than 30-40 degrees will allow you to make a non-continuous sheathing, but the gaps are maximum 30 mm.

To make a sheathing for a pitched roof, you need to insert a board from the attic between the trusses and, applying outside, nail it to the truss. They begin to make the sheathing from below, when the sheathing is slightly larger than the width of the roll, it is coated with mastic and a bedding layer of roofing material is placed on it parallel to the lower edge of the roof. Attached with slate nails. Then the next layer of sheathing is made, and so on.

Laying roofing felt on bitumen mastic

Preparation of mastic

Bitumen mastic is sold in stores (now there is no need to melt bitumen resin)

Bitumen mastic– ready for use, sold in cans, does not require melting. You can melt the bitumen resin, but this is inconvenient and traumatic. It’s easier to dilute the bitumen with gasoline to the consistency of jelly and season it with used engine oil (ask at the service station). The mastic will not crack, it will stick perfectly. The only peculiarity is that it is odorous and fire hazard until it dries.

The process of laying roofing felt

It is not necessary to glue roofing felt. But if the slope is small, and the roof is being built in winter, sizing with mastic is required. It is convenient to fasten by pressing with metal tape (steel or aluminum) or slats, in increments of 50 cm.

The overlap of the sheets depends on the slope of the roof. The greater the slope, the smaller it is (7-20 cm, respectively). The roof must be covered from bottom to top, laying the sheets overlapping and gluing, then water will not go into the seams. The panels are first cut into pieces of the required length.

Methods and technology for covering a roof with roofing felt

• Panels across the slope. Laying on the roof from the eaves from bottom to top, the top row is placed on the bottom with an overlap of 10-20 cm. Water will not get into the seams.
• Panels along the slope. The overlap on the side is made taking into account the wind, also 10-20 cm. Laying from the pediment (look at the wind rose, the wind should not tear off the layers!).
• For the first layer across, and for the top one - along the slope.

Step-by-step instruction:

1. Usually, the first layer of roofing material is placed on the bitumen of the prepared base, with an overlap of 15-20 cm, parallel to the edge of the roof, their ends are wrapped under the edge of the roof, and secured with a batten.
2. Additionally secured with slate nails (every 50 cm). Coat with bitumen mastic, lay the next layer, overlapping over the ridge (its sheets are perpendicular to the first), the edges are also wrapped.
3. Bitumen is applied again and a finishing layer of roofing material is laid.
4. Each subsequent layer is laid with an offset of 1/3 or ½ sheet so that the seams of the top layer do not end up above the seams of the bottom: the first panel is folded onto the side of the fence or cut in half, the rest will move as a result.

Roofing felt should be laid with an overlap of 5-15 cm

For roofing onyou'll need a ladder, long enough to allow you to nail the sheathing boards to the highest part of the roof without any problems.

To roll out a roll of roofing felt on an almost vertical sheathing, it is hung on a hook or pipe, like a spool of thread. The hook is hooked onto the sheathing board and, moving it, the suspended roll is rolled out.

The last sheet must be attached from the outside, since it is thrown over the ridge. The second layer of roofing material can be laid over the ridge, across the slope; for this you will need a ladder. For pitched roofs Ridge elements made from roofing felt are not used.

Laying built-up roofing felt

There is a film on the fused roofing felt on the heated side; when the heat is sufficient for gluing, it turns white and burns. The sheets cannot be overheated; they easily melt through.

The preparation of the base is the same.

Step-by-step instructions for laying built-up roofing felt

1. A roll of roofing felt is placed in front of you so that you can roll it forward and gluing it while walking along it.
2. Hold a burner in your hands, heating part of the surface of the roll and the mastic in front of it for 20-30 cm.
3. Then the heated sheet of roofing material with the burnt film (the adhesive base “boils”) is rolled out about half a turn and glued, trampled down, while all folds and swellings must be straightened.
4. It is better if the glued roofing material is rolled with a heavy roller. Then the next section warms up.
5. So gradually, warming up and rolling out, the entire roll is glued. It is important to roll and press the glued roofing material.
6. The second sheet is glued with an overlap (by 5 cm) after it has completely cooled and the first one has been glued.

The roof is the most important part of the house, the quality of which determines the comfort of living in it. And if modern cottages covered with expensive roofing materials, then for small country houses, garages and outbuildings, most owners still choose roofing felt. This inexpensive material has proven itself successfully for several decades. The article will tell you how to choose the right material and cover the roof with roofing felt so that one lasts long years without additional repairs.

Advantages of roofing felt as a roofing material

Ruberoid is an inexpensive and widely available material. At its core, it is construction cardboard that is impregnated with petroleum bitumen and coated with a refractory material. It goes on sale in the form of rolls of different lengths. In some cases, either a layer of asbestos or talc is applied to the roofing felt, depending on its purpose.

The main advantages of this roofing material are that it creates very good waterproofing, and laying it with your own hands is not very difficult. The price of covering the roof with roofing material is also important; today it is the cheapest roofing material.

But besides the advantages, roofing material also has disadvantages:

• this material can easily ignite;
• it also has rather low strength;
• Disadvantages include: appearance, for example, comparing it with slate or tiles.

Ruberoid is used as a final roof covering, or simply as one of the layers of the roofing “pie”. Its main task is to protect the building from precipitation. But besides this, roofing felt is also used as a waterproofing material in basements and warehouses.

It should also be said that it is used not only for construction work. There are some people who manage to heat stoves with roofing felt and also fertilize their gardens with it. Some also claim that he has soundproofing qualities, but this, of course, is not true. The sound insulation of this material is no better than that of linoleum.

Roofing felt is made both on a cardboard base and on fiberglass. Material based on roofing cardboard does not have a very long service life and low strength. That is why it is placed in five or even more layers. But roofing felt made of fiberglass can be laid in two or even one layer without fear, and this is quite enough.

Roofing material made of roofing material

It is necessary to unroll the rolls in advance and let the roofing felt unroll for at least one day. This is done so that the roofing material does not curl during operation. Another piece of advice, before you start work, you need to look at what this moment weather. The day should be sunny, and the optimal air temperature is at least twenty degrees.

First, the surface is lubricated with a special bitumen-based mastic. There are types of mastics a large number of, and which one will be chosen in a particular case depends on the type of roofing material. It is recommended to contact the staff hardware store, which will help you decide on the material. Today, roofing felt with a self-adhesive surface is available for sale, which greatly facilitates and speeds up the installation process.

During installation, the sheets are laid perfectly flat and parallel to each other.

It is also worth paying special attention to the junction between the wall and the roofing felt - there should not be even small gaps left there.

Summarizing the above, we can draw a conclusion. With short deadlines and a modest budget, but having the need to create a reliable roof, and the priority is the quality rather than the aesthetics of the roof, choosing roofing felt will be quite logical and justified.

Marking of roofing felt

There are many types of roofing felt for laying on the roof, each of which has its own marking.

• First comes the name of the material “P” - which means roofing felt.
• The second letter indicates the method of application of the material: “P” - lining and “K” - roofing.
• The third letter characterizes the type of topping: “M” - fine-grained, “Ch” - scaly, “K” - coarse-grained and “P” - dusty.
• The numbers after the letter abbreviation indicate the density of the cardboard.

For example, let’s decipher the brand of roofing felt RKK-420 - Roofing felt with Coarse-grained topping with a density of 420 g/m2.

Self-coating roofing material

Before you start laying roofing felt, it is necessary to prepare the bitumen mastic. There are two types in total - hot and cold mastic.

How to make bitumen mastic and primer with your own hands

To make mastic you will need:

• several pieces of bitumen without impurities;
• fillers (most often asbestos);
• plasticizer

To obtain 5 kg of finished mastic you will need 4.2 kg of bitumen, 0.5 kg of filler (asbestos, sawdust, peat, forest moss, rubber chips or mineral wool), 0.25 kg of plasticizer, which is used oil.

To prepare mastic, thick-walled cauldrons with a lid are used. Wall thickness from 3 mm guarantees uniform heat distribution, and as a result, uniform heating of the bitumen.

Cooking stages:

• the boiler is loaded to a maximum of 2/3, otherwise the mastic will begin to splash out when boiling;
• the boiler with bitumen is not located on the fire itself, but at some distance from it. At the same time, it is installed on a stable stand;
• In no case should the bitumen be allowed to overheat, which can lead to destruction of the structure. To obtain a homogeneous mass without green-yellow bubbles, there should be no temperature differences;
• first you will need to crumble the largest pieces of bitumen and, if possible, remove dirt and sand from them;
• The fire should be adjusted so that the cooking process proceeds slowly. In total it takes about 3 hours;
• no matter what filler is used, it must be crushed and dried before adding it to the boiler;
• The plasticizer and filler are added gradually, mixing them with a shovel and removing the resulting foam.

If something unexpectedly goes wrong during cooking, you must immediately close the boiler in which the mixture was prepared. The reason for this may be improper distribution of ingredients, as well as overheating of the mixture. This mastic is not recommended for use. If gray smoke comes out of the boiler and a hissing sound is heard, then the process is proceeding correctly.

This mastic is prepared immediately before the start of roofing work, since its shelf life is more than one day. When using, it must be constantly hot.

For better adhesion of bitumen mastic, the roof surface is first primed.

The composition for such a primer is easy to make yourself. To do this, take 3 parts gasoline and 1 part bitumen. Bitumen heated to 700 degrees is gradually added to 76 gasoline and stirred thoroughly until it is completely dissolved in it. After cooling, the resulting mixture is filtered through a fine mesh.

How many layers of roofing material need to be made?

Depending on the slope of the roof on which the roofing felt will be laid, it depends required quantity layers. How less slope roof slopes - the thicker the layer of material.

Five layers coating

Four-layer styling

It is used on roofs with a slope of 2-3 degrees (but only on unused ones). For the main layer, roofing felt RPP-350V and RPP-350V are selected. Roofing felt of the RKM-350V or RKM-350B brand (which has a fine-grained topping) is laid on top of it.

Three layer coating

This thickness of roofing material is sufficient for a roof slope of 3 to 10 degrees. In this case, it is best to use RKK-350 roofing material as the last layer. It is not uncommon for roofs with a slope of 15 degrees to be covered with only 3 layers. But then the material of the RKK-500A, S-RM or RKK-400A brand acts as the bottom layer. The top is laid from roofing felt RK-500-2.

Roofing made of two layers of roofing material

It is used when the roof slopes from 10 to 15 degrees. For a steeper slope, it is recommended to replace roofing felt with other roofing materials (slate, metal tiles, galvanized iron or corrugated sheets).

Tool for laying roofing felt

The tool for roofing work on roofing felt depends on the chosen installation method. There are three ways to do this:

• mechanical method. In this case, the roofing material is attached using slats to nails or self-tapping screws. Sheets of material are rolled out one by one and laid with an overlap of 15 cm along the edges. In this case, the slats, located along the strips of material, ensure that it is pressed tightly to the base of the roof. Accordingly, the work will require a hammer or screwdriver, as well as special plastic or iron mushrooms that will help prevent damage to the roofing material;

• laying on mastic. Availability required metal container for melting the mastic and a long brush for conveniently applying the hot mixture to the roofing material. This method involves coating sheets of roofing material with mastic over the entire area or only at the joints (overlapping). To work, you will need a roller for applying the composition and a hand roller;

• using a gas roofing torch. As the name suggests, you will need a hand-held gas torch. With its help, the bottom layer of roofing material, which is wound into a roll, melts, and when smoothly unwinding and heating, it is firmly glued to the roof surface. To prevent the formation of condensation due to air remaining between the sheets, a manual roller is useful, which is used to pass over the entire surface of the roof. This method is only applicable on flat surfaces.

How to cut roofing felt

Since roofing felt is sold in rolls of a certain length, it is often necessary to shorten it. But it happens that you have to cut along the sheets. In both cases, the cut must be smooth and of high quality. Cutting across will not be difficult; this is done using a utility or shoe knife. The best way to make a longitudinal cut is without unwinding the roofing material, and use a wood saw to cut the required width from the roll. For ease of use, it is recommended to moisten the material with water.

Preparing the roof base

Before installation, the roof surface must be carefully prepared and inspected. It must be cleared of debris, dust and other contaminants. And also not have any dents or significant changes in height.

Technology of laying roofing felt on the roof

More often flat roofs garages are equipped in cooperatives. In this case, the walls of the building are made of bricks and covered with reinforced concrete slabs. Therefore, laying roofing felt is not particularly difficult. It should be taken into account that this design has three weak points: the place where the floor slabs are connected to each other and to the walls.

Stages of work

First of all, the surface is thoroughly cleaned of debris, and, if necessary, washed and dried until completely dry. Speed ​​up in cloudy weather this process can be done using a blowtorch.

When the surface is prepared, you can begin heating the bitumen mastic. Its consumption directly depends on the unevenness of the roof surface. But on average, 2 buckets of the composition will be used for a roof area of ​​6X10 m (60 m2). At this stage, a primer solution is also prepared according to the recipe described above.

Important! When making a primer with your own hands, it is the heated bitumen that is poured into the gasoline, and not vice versa! Failure to comply with this rule may result in the solution igniting.

The primer is used to fill all gaps, peelings, and cracks. It is recommended to coat the entire surface of the roof with bituminous mastic, but when laying it using fusing, it is applied only along the edges of the roofing felt sheets. In any case, the thickness of the mastic layer should not exceed 5 mm.

Now you can proceed directly to laying the roofing felt. The work is carried out from the bottom up (as a rule, there is still a slight slope). When working with a burner, rolls of material are laid in such a way that when unfolded, they overlap each other by approximately 15-20 cm.

Gradually unwinding, the roofing material is heated with a gas roofing burner and pressed (with a hand roller or simply trampling with feet). The service life of the roof depends on how carefully this is done. This is due to the fact that condensation inevitably forms in poorly pressed places, which short time destroys roofing felt.

If the flooring is made with mastic, then first the entire area is covered with a thin layer of the composition, and roofing material is laid on top of it.

Another thin layer of mastic is applied on top of the resulting coating and a second layer of material is laid. In wallpaper cases, the sheets should be positioned perpendicular to the previous layer. After laying, the edges of the material are wrapped and attached to slate nails. And everything is repeated the required number of times.

Now it’s time to lay the top third layer. Ruberoid for it has a coarse powder that protects it from the influence of the external environment.

Lay it according to the principle of the previous layers. It must also fit tightly, the joints have the necessary overlap, and the edges are securely fixed with nails. This concludes the roofing work. If done well, the service life of such a roof will be at least 10 years.

Roof covering with roofing felt video

Cost of covering a roof with roofing felt

For each roof, the amount of material is calculated individually and depends not only on the area covered, but also on the number of layers. But in any case, it is recommended to take material with a reserve of about ten percent, in case of incorrect installation of any section. Roofing felt is most often sold in rolls of ten to fifteen meters. On average, a roll 10 meters long and 1 meter wide costs from 300 to 400 rubles, depending on the manufacturer. The price of bitumen mastic also varies, but on average a twenty-liter canister costs around 500 rubles.

The use of roofing felt is quite profitable, since the low cost of materials more than pays for the rather short service life. That is why roofing felt still remains in demand, despite the existence of more modern, high-tech and durable roofing materials.

When finishing the roof of an outbuilding, it would be a good idea to inquire in advance about how to glue roofing felt to roofing felt - this is the material most often used to cover the roof of outbuildings.

It is clear that for a residential building, a thoughtful owner will select a more modern material that is more consistent with his ideas about the coziness of living, comfort, aesthetics and reliability (for example, metal tiles or soft roofing - which have now become very popular among a wide part of the population).

Moreover, the flammability and low fire resistance of roofing felt has long been a concern for almost all homeowners, especially those with real estate in the southern territories of the country, where the weather in summer cannot be called cool. But for a barn, warehouse or garage, especially not heated ones, roofing felt, as a finishing material, still remains quite attractive and suitable for mass use as a roof finish.

Many homeowners do not disdain them even when roofing works, for example, at a summer dacha - in winter the house is still empty, so special thermal insulation and a noble appearance are not required from the roof. Working with roofing felt is only physically difficult - no special knowledge or professional skills are required from you. And another big plus that attracts people.

The material is one of the cheapest in terms of price, if we are talking about its traditional design, and not about the latest product options like roofing felt made from modified bitumen on a polyester base (this one costs an order of magnitude more).

How to glue roofing felt to roofing felt when installing a roof? Roofers offer a variety of options, ranging from traditional to modern means. What to prefer is up to you to determine, based primarily on the calculated construction budget: both the type of roofing material purchased and the method of attaching it to the roof depend on the amount of funds.

Classics of the genre: homemade bitumen mastics:

Most of them are used when repairing old roofs or installing roofs on small buildings. Tempting with their extreme cheapness; discouraged by the need for preparation, which is associated with a very likely injury.

There are two types of bitumen mastics.

Cold: Bitumen grade BN-90/10 is placed in an appropriate container and melted to a liquid state. The most important thing at this stage is to catch the right moment when the entire mass has melted and there are no solid fragments left in it, but the coking process has not yet begun - in this case, the bitumen is no longer suitable for gluing roofing felt. The formation of steam in the initial stages is normal; it is the water accumulated in the bitumen that comes out. Grayish smoke is also a standard sign. But when the hissing stops and the first bubble appears, the tank is removed from the heat.

The molten bitumen is cooled to approximately 85 Celsius (as soon as it stops boiling after removal from the heat, you can continue further).

A solvent is added to it, and the mass is kneaded until completely homogeneous. The solvent is usually diesel fuel, kerosene or gasoline. Take 7 kilograms of it for every 3 kilograms of bitumen.

Cold mastic is used for gluing in a warm, but not hot, state. It remains liquid even when cooled to 20 degrees. Therefore, it is safer to work with it, although the degree of adhesion of the layers of roofing material is considered lower.

hot

• Preparing hot mastic will require at least three hours of time, a thicker-walled cooking vessel and a ladle, usually constructed from a tin can screwed to a long pole.
• Pieces of bitumen are loaded into the tank so that they fill a little more than half of its volume.
• When foam stops forming, filler additives are added to the molten composition: talc, asbestos, peat chips, chalk, limestone, etc. By weight, for every 8 kg of bitumen there are 1.5 kg of additives. Before adding, the fillers must be sifted so as not to accidentally add too large pieces.
• The mass is kneaded regularly; floating debris is caught with a scoop.
• At the end of cooking, waste oil is poured in at the rate of half a kilo per the above ratio of the remaining components.

After mixing, the mastic can be used, but only when hot. Therefore, they prefer to cook it directly on the roof and keep it on the fire to avoid cooling. The risk of scalding the composition or burning yourself on the “pan”, as you understand, is very high.

Nevertheless, despite the labor-intensive and unsafe preparation, bitumen mastics are popular and widely used.

Modern options

Note that the unsafety of old bitumen mastics prompted the construction industry to develop alternative methods of connecting layers of roofing material. Today, the market offers a variety of mastics and adhesives for this material that do not require a hot preparation stage.

They are also based on bitumen, however, it is supplemented with rubbers or other polymers, already mixed with a solvent and completely ready for use. They are usually sold in pairs with primers, the effect of which is similar to that of primers when carrying out paint and varnish work. The use of bitumen-rubber mastics greatly simplifies the roof covering.

• If an old roof is being restored, all protruding remnants of the previous coating are cleaned off, the surface is freed from dirt and degreased.
• The base is coated with primer and left to soak. Depending on the manufacturer, this takes from 2.5 to 3.5 hours.
• The mastic is applied to the roof, without any gaps. Every centimeter must be coated. The thickness of the mastic layer is again determined by the manufacturer.
• The roofing material is rolled out over the surface, pressing along the entire plane. The individual strips are laid overlapping; the edges that overlap each other are also coated with the compound and rolled.
• Mastics can be used cold or hot. In the latter case, the entire structure, consisting of bitumen-rubber mastic and roofing felt, is heated with a burner. It is, without a doubt, more convenient to use a cold one, which does not require additional equipment, even if it is somewhat more expensive.

Ultra-modern method: In order not to think about how to glue roofing felt to roofing felt, don’t look necessary compositions, do not stock up on firewood in thick-walled containers and do not rent special equipment; you can spend money on self-adhesive roofing felt. It initially has a sticky layer protected by film. And the only thing you will need to take care of is the gradual removal of the protection so that the layer of applied glue does not dry out prematurely.

Ruberoid refers to rolled materials for waterproofing roofs and foundations by sticking them to the base. Glue for roofing felt is special bitumen mastics from various manufacturers. There are two ways to lay TechnoNIKOL roofing felt: hot and cold. The first method involves heating the mastic immediately before gluing the waterproofing material. Installation using the second method is done using cold glue. This is the most easy way laying waterproofing. Tar paper nails for fastening material in modern construction are not used.

Adhesive mastic is used (click to enlarge)

Methods for laying roofing felt

Bitumen mastic is a liquid mixture of several components, which includes bitumen and solvent, various technical additives and fillers. Manufacturers offer two types of glue: for hot and cold installation methods. The first type of mastic allows for slight heating of the adhesive mixture during the gluing process. The second type of glue for euroroofing felt requires mandatory heating to a certain temperature for maximum adhesion. Mastics for laying waterproofing using the hot method must be heated to 200°C. They are suitable for gluing soft roofs, waterproofing walls, ceilings and other structural elements of buildings.

From the video you will learn more information:

Fastening to the roof with tar paper nails does not create sufficient adhesion between the layers of rolled materials. Gaps with air layers form at the joints. Such fastening requires the use of several layers of waterproofing, and the quality of the finished coating is much worse than when laying it with adhesive compositions. Mastics carefully glue the rolled materials, securely fastening the layers to each other and to the base, forming a single monolithic coating with high waterproofing characteristics. When laying waterproofing using the cold method, the best temperature is considered to be +6-35°C, while using the hot method – within +5-15°C.

Most often, roofing felt is heated (click to enlarge)

Mastic for laying roofing felt

The cost of mastics for cold gluing is more expensive than its counterpart for hot gluing. “Cold” glue is ready for use immediately after opening the container, it does not harden long time. For laying waterproofing, lining material and roofing felt for external installation are used. During the process of roof repair, people often wonder how to glue roofing felt more reliably? The range of mastics for this purpose includes:

Advice! When working with any type of mastic, it is necessary to use a respirator, safety glasses and gloves. When using an adhesive composition in the room, be sure to provide high-quality ventilation.

Features of the work

How to glue roofing felt? Laying roofing felt on mastic is only possible on clean and level substrates. Laying on brick, concrete, cement screed and other solid bases is allowed. The surface is thoroughly cleaned of dust and dirt, rust, then dried. All irregularities must be eliminated and cracks repaired. cement mortar. The old peeling roofing material is removed, and the swollen areas are incised crosswise.

Tools for working with mastic must be prepared in advance. If you have any difficulties with installation or don’t know how to apply glue correctly, use these tips. If the mastic was stored at temperatures up to +5°, it is brought into a warm room for a day for uniform heating. The glue is applied in an even layer onto the prepared base using a notched trowel. The layer thickness is controlled by the approximate consumption regulated by the manufacturer. Carefully coat the joints of the panels with each other, with the wall and other structural elements, otherwise leaks are possible. A sheet of roofing material is glued only after applying glue over the entire surface of the base, an area sufficient for its installation.

You can learn about the features of the work from the video:

The material is placed on the roof across the slope on cold mastic and pressed over the entire surface with a roller so that it fits tightly to all structural elements. The work is carried out from the bottom of the slope, the joints are carefully controlled. At the joints of the strips, the sheets are overlapped by 10 cm. If necessary, the glued roofing material at the joints is additionally coated with mastic.

Do-it-yourself mastic for roofing felt

Cold mastic is prepared from bitumen and solvent in a ratio of 3 kg to 7 kg, respectively. Pre-oil bitumen is heated until completely dissolved, after which it is allowed to cool to 85°. A solvent is added to it. Gasoline, diesel fuel, kerosene will do. The mixture is thoroughly mixed. This glue is ideal for minor repairs roofing, as it has increased consumption compared to its hot counterpart.

By watching the video you will learn more information:

Hot mastic is prepared differently. Bitumen in the amount of 8 kg is placed in a container. The reservoir must be of sufficient volume so that it is only filled to 60%. Pieces of bitumen are gradually heated. Then add 1.5 kg of filler.

Talc, peat chips, alabaster, limestone, chalk and other materials are used as fillers. The fillers are pre-screened to prevent debris from entering the container. Next, add 0.5 kg of used oil and mix thoroughly. The temperature in the bucket is maintained at 200°C. The resulting mixture will reliably adhere to any rolled material, including soft roofing.

Important! Hot mastic needs constant heating throughout the entire process of laying the rolled material. It is prepared in a thick-walled container. A standard bucket is unsuitable; it will quickly burn out.

Mastics for cold and hot roofing felt stickers are not inferior to each other in terms of technical parameters. “Hot” adhesives require additional time to prepare for application. If the decking technology is followed, a roof with new waterproofing is guaranteed to last over 5 years without the need for repairs. With timely maintenance and ongoing repairs, the service life of such a roof is 25 years or more.

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Bitumen adhesive for roofing felt

Glue for working with roofing felt is a homogeneous adhesive mass, which is made using multi-component mixture technology. The basis for the manufacture of this adhesive is the following components:

• Bitumen;
• Solvent;
• Technical filler;
• Technological additives.

There are two types of mastic - the so-called hot and cold. From the name itself, it is obvious that the use of cold mastic is possible with a short heating and mixing with a solvent, while hot mastic must be brought to the required temperature before application, which on average should be about 200 degrees Celsius and such a mass takes much longer to cook.

The use of the described mastics is possible when waterproofing floors, walls, foundations and other elements of buildings and structures.

Advantages of using bitumen adhesive

The use of bitumen glue is rightfully considered the most reliable and effective way installation of roofing felt waterproofing. The main advantage of using mastic over other methods of fastening roofing felt is the absence of air pockets when connecting joints of rolled material. Mastic allows you to achieve a solid monolithic waterproofing sheet that will serve for a long time without the risk of damaging the edges and joints of roofing felt sheets.

However, it should be noted that hot and cold mastics differ significantly in price range. The price of bitumen glue for roofing felt, which belongs to the cold category, will be much higher, since this type of mastic is ready to use and does not require long preparation.

How to glue roofing felt to cold or hot mastic?

Before gluing roofing felt onto cold or hot mastic, you need to take care of the cleanliness of the working surface. The presence of construction debris, dust or other foreign objects on the treated area is unacceptable.

It is also necessary to take care of personal protection when working with bitumen glue - use gloves, a respirator and safety glasses. If the upcoming work involves being indoors and not on outdoors, then it is necessary to take care of its effective ventilation.

Before gluing the roofing material to the working surface, it is necessary to prime it to increase the strength of the base and improve adhesion.

On average, mastic consumption should be 1.5 - 2 kg per square meter. m. This indicator depends on many factors, however, failure to comply with the norm can significantly affect the quality of work.

To apply bitumen glue, a notched trowel with a tooth size of 4 mm is usually used, and for hot mastic, the consistency of which is too liquid for a trowel, special brushes can be used, with which the glue is evenly applied to the surface. work surface.

Cold mastic for roofing felt can be purchased at any specialized stores. In this case, you should pay attention to the compliance with GOST of the mastic manufacturing technology, the integrity of the original packaging and the deadline for use. The average shelf life of bitumen adhesive is about 12 months, so when determining required quantity Care should be taken to calculate the required volume. Today, there are varieties of bitumen adhesives that, thanks to unique technologies, can be used on wet surfaces or on surfaces with aggressive chemical environment.

An example of how to glue roofing felt to cold mastic (video):

stronews.ru

How to glue roofing felt to roofing felt? The good old ways

When finishing the roof of an outbuilding, it would be a good idea to inquire in advance about how to glue roofing felt to roofing felt - this is the material most often used to cover the roof of outbuildings. It is clear that for a residential building, a thoughtful owner will select a more modern material that is more consistent with his ideas about the coziness of living, comfort, aesthetics and reliability (for example, metal tiles or soft roofing - which have now become very popular among a wide part of the population). Moreover, the flammability and low fire resistance of roofing felt has long been a concern for almost all homeowners, especially those with real estate in the southern territories of the country, where the weather in summer cannot be called cool. But for a barn, warehouse or garage, especially not heated ones, roofing felt, as a finishing material, still remains quite attractive and suitable for mass use as a roof finish. Many homeowners do not disdain it when doing roofing work, for example, at a summer cottage - in winter the house is empty anyway, so special thermal insulation and a noble appearance are not required from the roof. Working with roofing felt is only physically difficult - no special knowledge or professional skills are required from you. And another big plus that attracts people. The material is one of the cheapest in terms of price, if we are talking about its traditional design, and not about the latest product options like roofing felt made from modified bitumen on a polyester base (this one costs an order of magnitude more).

How to glue roofing felt to roofing felt when installing a roof? Roofers offer a variety of options, ranging from traditional to modern means. What to prefer is up to you to determine, based primarily on the calculated construction budget: both the type of roofing material purchased and the method of attaching it to the roof depend on the amount of funds.

Classics of the genre: homemade bitumen mastics:

Most of them are used when repairing old roofs or installing roofs on small buildings. Tempting with their extreme cheapness; discouraged by the need for preparation, which is associated with a very likely injury rate. There are two options for bitumen mastics.

Cold: Bitumen grade BN-90/10 is placed in an appropriate container and melted to a liquid state. The most important thing at this stage is to catch the right moment when the entire mass has melted and there are no solid fragments left in it, but the coking process has not yet begun - in this case, the bitumen is no longer suitable for gluing roofing felt. The formation of steam in the initial stages is normal; it is the water accumulated in the bitumen that comes out. Grayish smoke is also a standard sign. But when the hissing stops and the first bubble appears, the tank is removed from the heat.

The molten bitumen is cooled to approximately 85 Celsius (as soon as it stops boiling after removal from the heat, you can continue). A solvent is added to it, and the mass is kneaded until completely homogeneous. The solvent is usually diesel fuel, kerosene or gasoline. Take 7 kilograms of it for every 3 kilograms of bitumen. Cold mastic is used for gluing in a warm, but not hot, state. It remains liquid even when cooled to 20 degrees. Therefore, it is safer to work with it, although the degree of adhesion of the layers of roofing material is considered lower.

• Preparing hot mastic will require at least three hours of time, a thicker-walled cooking vessel and a ladle, usually constructed from a tin can screwed to a long pole.
• Pieces of bitumen are loaded into the tank so that they fill a little more than half of its volume.
• When foam stops forming, filler additives are added to the molten composition: talc, asbestos, peat chips, chalk, limestone, etc. By weight, for every 8 kg of bitumen there are 1.5 kg of additives. Before adding, the fillers must be sifted so as not to accidentally add too large pieces.
• The mass is kneaded regularly; floating debris is caught with a scoop.
• At the end of cooking, waste oil is poured in at the rate of half a kilo per the above ratio of the remaining components.

After mixing, the mastic can be used, but only when hot. Therefore, they prefer to cook it directly on the roof and keep it on the fire to avoid cooling. The risk of scalding the composition or burning yourself on the “pan”, as you understand, is very high.

Nevertheless, despite the labor-intensive and unsafe preparation, bitumen mastics are popular and widely used.

Note that the unsafety of old bitumen mastics prompted the construction industry to develop alternative methods of connecting layers of roofing material. Today, the market offers a variety of mastics and adhesives for this material that do not require a hot preparation stage.

They are also based on bitumen, however, it is supplemented with rubbers or other polymers, already mixed with a solvent and completely ready for use. They are usually sold in pairs with primers, the effect of which is similar to that of primers when carrying out paint and varnish work. The use of bitumen-rubber mastics greatly simplifies the roof covering.

• If an old roof is being restored, all protruding remnants of the previous coating are cleaned off, the surface is freed from dirt and degreased.
• The base is coated with primer and left to soak. Depending on the manufacturer, this takes from 2.5 to 3.5 hours.
• The mastic is applied to the roof, without any gaps. Every centimeter must be coated. The thickness of the mastic layer is again determined by the manufacturer.
• The roofing material is rolled out over the surface, pressing along the entire plane. The individual strips are laid overlapping; the edges that overlap each other are also coated with the compound and rolled.
• Mastics can be used cold or hot. In the latter case, the entire structure, consisting of bitumen-rubber mastic and roofing felt, is heated with a burner. It is, without a doubt, more convenient to use a cold one, which does not require additional equipment, even if it is somewhat more expensive.

Ultra-modern method: In order not to think about how to glue roofing felt to roofing felt, not to look for the necessary compounds, not to stock up on firewood in thick-walled containers and not to rent special equipment, you can spend money on self-adhesive roofing felt. It initially has a sticky layer protected by film. And the only thing you will need to take care of is the gradual removal of the protection so that the layer of applied glue does not dry out prematurely.

remtra.ru

Waterproofing with roofing felt

Ruberoid is rightfully considered unique waterproofing material. Due to its high performance properties and affordable cost, it has remained one of the most popular waterproofing products for many years. Ruberoid refers to roll materials. It is obtained by impregnating roofing cardboard with petroleum soft bitumen and then coating the surfaces with refractory bitumen. A special powder is applied to one side to increase the reliability and strength of the material. Waterproofing with roofing felt is carried out if it is necessary to protect the floor, shelves, foundation, walls, roof. Due to its elasticity, resistance to temperature changes and ease of installation, this material is used for different types works

Today, the so-called euroruberoid is gaining popularity, which is based not on cardboard, but on polyester, fiberglass, fiberglass, which has given rise to such varieties of material as rubemast and steloruberoid.

Rubemast is made from cardboard, but unlike roofing felt, it is applied to its lower part. large quantity bitumen This makes it much more resistant to cracking. Waterproofing with roofing felt is carried out using organic solvents, which are applied to the bottom layer and ensure gluing of the ruberoid to the insulated surface.

Steloruberoid is produced on the basis of fiberglass. The process of laying it is completely identical to laying rubemast.

Horizontal and vertical waterproofing of foundations with roofing felt

The horizontal type involves gluing roll material using bitumen mastic onto the foundation cushion. This will isolate the foundation strip and basement walls from moisture penetration from below. Waterproofing with roofing felt is carried out with a margin of 15-20 cm. After installation of the foundation is completed, the edges should be folded up onto the wall and glued.

Vertical waterproofing wooden house helps protect the basement and foundation from moisture entering from the side. Roll material glued to the concrete surface with a layer of mastic. Depending on the type of mastic, preliminary application of a bitumen primer may be necessary. Vertical waterproofing with roofing felt requires a mandatory overlap on the sides of 10 cm or more. Rolled material can be glued to vertical surfaces using mastic, after preheating the roofing material with heating pads. This will significantly improve the quality of the pasting. For reliability, you can glue roofing felt in 2-3 layers.

Tat, as roofing felt, is unstable to external influences, including direct sunlight, it should be additionally protected with plaster if it is located outside, and asbestos cement sheets, if the roofing material is in the ground.

Specialists with some experience in the construction industry are confident that poor-quality waterproofing of the foundation with roofing felt, other materials, or its complete absence can cause a reduction in the life of the house. Moisture penetrating into technical rooms, basements and cellars makes them unsuitable for use, promotes the growth of pathogenic mold fungi, and deteriorates the microclimate in residential premises.

Waterproofing in a house - main types:

• roll,
• mounted,
• coating,
• penetrating.

Let's take a closer look at the first type of protection of a building from moisture. The main material for this type of waterproofing is roofing felt. It is highly durable, durable, inexpensive and easy to use. In terms of service life, it is superior to roofing felt and glassine, but at the same time inferior to rolled materials made on the basis of bitumen-polymer compositions. Waterproofing the foundation with roofing felt, including measures to protect against direct impact sun rays and eliminating the risk of mechanical damage, will protect your home from moisture for many years.

Device technology

Roll foundation waterproofing should be carried out in the following order. The surface of the base of the house is cleaned of dust and dirt, after which a layer of hot bitumen mastic is applied to it. Roofing felt is glued on top of it with an overlap of 15-20 cm. To ensure maximum protection of the foundation from moisture, it is recommended to perform the operation twice.

Waterproofing the foundation with roofing felt needs protection from possible damage. Special shields or pressure pads are perfect for this purpose. brickwork.

Foundation repair

Over time, houses can settle, causing cracks in the foundation and damage to waterproofing. To eliminate these problems, you should first dig up the foundation and clear the working surface of soil and remnants of old insulation. Next, you need to carefully repair all the cracks and, if possible, level the surface. The next step is to apply a layer of bitumen mastic. You can use both hot and cold application methods. The mastic will not only help to glue the rolled material, but will also fill microcracks and crevices. Next, the roofing felt is laid and the joints are processed. The top waterproofing of the foundation with roofing felt can be covered with a layer of mastic.

Possible options combining rolled waterproofing for the foundation of a house with other types of insulation:

• bitumen-roofing felt method. It is distinguished by the fact that not 1-2, but 3-4 layers of mastic are applied to the foundation. With this option, roofing material is applied in one layer;
• rubber-bitumen. Instead of bitumen, liquid rubber is used, which has high waterproofing properties. The advantages of using liquid rubber include less material consumption, no need to heat roofing material, durability;
• waterproofing the foundation with roofing felt and " clay castle" The rolled material is laid in a standard way, and the clay acts as a buffer, reliably protecting the roofing material from mechanical damage and moisture. The combination of the two methods provides maximum results and is affordable.

Being the simplest and most affordable, foundation waterproofing with roofing felt reliably protects the house from moisture. If you plan to insulate a building, such waterproofing will act as one layer of the structure.

Roofing roofing waterproofing

The material is laid using bitumen and mastic, which ensures a strong bond between the insulating material and the base.

Laying technology:

• the wooden base must be primed;
• Bitumen is used as a binding layer, which should be preheated. You can also use mastics that do not require heating. First of all, a binder layer is applied, on top of which roofing material is spread. For reliable fixation it should be pressed tightly. Strips of material are laid overlapping by 10-20 cm (the width depends on the slope of the roof);
• after laying is completed, the joints are additionally heated, which allows the seams to be sealed.

For significant roof slopes (from 45° or more), waterproofing a bathhouse or house with roofing felt is done in two layers; for small roof slopes, it is recommended to lay 3-4 layers of rolled material.

Among builders, roofing felt is considered the most reliable roofing material among low-price products. It is made on the basis of durable roofing cardboard, impregnated with petroleum bitumen, and then sprinkled with armor chips. Currently, manufacturers produce several dozen brands of roofing material, which is used for covering utility and industrial buildings, garden and country houses. If you decide to use this material for a roof, you will need roofing felt mastic. In this article we will tell you what this composition is, what types it comes in, and how it is used.

Ruberoid refers to rolled roofing materials, it is produced on the basis of special cardboard with a density of 200-420 g/m2 and petroleum bitumen. It is used to create a reliable, strong and durable waterproofing coating, each layer of which increases protective functions

• material. Roofing felt is laid in 3 main ways:
• Mechanical. Laying and securing roofing felt using roofing felt nails is called mechanical. Previously, this technology was popular due to the lack of worthy alternatives. However, it is irrational to fix each layer of material, violating the integrity of the roofing material. This fastening method reduces service life and waterproofing properties. Deposition. Laying roofing material using fusing requires the use of special equipment; it cannot be performed on flammable substrates. This technology involves the use of grades of roofing felt, on the underside of which fusible bitumen is applied, which is melted gas burner
• during installation. Gluing. Roofing felt is laid using the gluing method using, called mastic. Each layer of waterproofing coating is coated with this bitumen substance, and after drying it is securely glued. Currently, this method is considered the most reliable, since it results in a seamless, monolithic roof.

Note! Using homemade or store-bought bitumen mastic allows you to obtain a reliable waterproofing coating that does not allow moisture to pass through. Each glued layer of roofing material increases protective properties and the service life of the roofing material.

Types of mastic

Bitumen mastic is an indispensable composition with which roofing felt is laid. It is used for gluing layers of roofing cake together to form a monolithic, durable, strong waterproofing coating.

The price of bitumen mastic is low, however, if desired, it can be easily prepared with your own hands. There are 2 forms of release:

Please note! When making mastic with your own hands, you need to monitor the temperature and condition of the bitumen. If it bubbles and emits yellow smoke, it has begun the coking process. The use of such bitumen is not recommended. When the optimum temperature is maintained, the bitumen will hiss slightly, emitting gray smoke.

Composition and use of mastic

The composition of bitumen mastic is simple, it consists of bitumen, solvents and various structuring additives (chalk, asbestos, peat chips, talc).

It is used for installing roofing felt using the gluing method. There are 2 types of mastic, cold and hot, which differ in price, composition and release form. They are considered a multifunctional tool for performing the following tasks: