Fire alarms in churches and temples. Legislative framework for fire safety of religious buildings and complexes

Date of introduction 1994-01-12

DEVELOPED by E.P. staff Tyurin, L.I. Savchuk under the leadership of V.G. Sinilova
APPROVED by the Main Military Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia on January 12, 1994.

The features of the selection and use of fire safety equipment (FS) and in churches are considered.

Designed for engineering and technical workers of security departments, design and installation teams and centers, as well as specialists from security services of organizations involved in the design and installation of security equipment, and.

The sharp increase in criminal attacks on material and artistic values ​​has acutely raised the problem of ensuring reliable protection of ancient icons and other church antiques located in churches, cathedrals, monasteries and other religious institutions (hereinafter referred to as churches).

Currently, many churches are not equipped with security alarms, are technically poorly fortified and lack physical security. These factors, and the fact that the valuables in churches are in demand in Russia and abroad, attract criminals and allow them to commit thefts almost without hindrance.

4.3.4 Television surveillance systems are designed to transmit visual information about the state of the protected perimeter, territory or premises of the church to the security post. The use of television monitoring allows, in the event of receiving a signal of a violation, to determine the nature and location of the violation, the direction of movement of the violator and take the necessary measures.

Complex technical means television surveillance systems consists of:

• transmitting television cameras and control panels;
• , power supply devices and additional devices, providing the necessary for the protected area or premises.

4.3.5 The choice of the type and quantity used and their placement should be made taking into account the specific characteristics of the protected church.

4.3.6 The control panel and video control devices of the television surveillance system should be located in the security post premises.

4.4. Placement and installation burglar alarm in church premises

4.4.1 Magnetic contact detectors type SMK, I0102 it is recommended to install one on each blocked element in a hidden or open way.

In justified cases, when blocking for opening internal doors, they can be equipped with two SMK, I0102 detectors for each blocked element.

Detectors should be placed in the upper part of the blocked element at a distance of up to 200 mm from the vertical solution line on the inside of the protected premises.

The magnetically controlled contact must be installed on the stationary part of the locked element, and the permanent magnet assembly must be installed on its moving part (taking into account parallelism and permissible distance between nodes no more than 8 mm).

4.4.2 Security detectors surface type“Window-1”, “Window-2”, “Window-4” must be placed on the inside of the glass of the blocked structures in such a way as to exclude the possibility of intentional or accidental damage components detector or connecting lines.

On glass with an area of ​​up to 3 sq. m, if the diagonal of the canvas is no more than 2.5 m, glass breakage sensors (GDS) should be installed at a distance of 10-15 cm from the frame at the midpoint of the upper side of the canvas. It is allowed to install the DRS in one of the corners at the upper sides of the web at the same distance from the trim, if the minimum length of the line from the DRS to the signal processing unit (SPU) and the number of junction boxes are ensured.

4.4.3 In protected areas subject to vibration and shock interference, as well as where it is necessary to preserve the decor interior spaces for blocking glazed surfaces, should be used aluminum foil 0.008-0.01 mm thick, 6-8 mm wide - to protect window openings and 3 mm wide - to protect the glass of icon cases and icons.

To eliminate the possibility of “short-circuiting” the alarm loops in order to unblock glazed openings, it is recommended to connect two alarm loop lines to the blocked structure (see Fig. 9). In places of transitions from one section of foil to another, only the lines of different sections of the alarm loop should be in close proximity to each other.

4.4.4 Blocking of building structures (doors, hatches, gates, non-permanent walls, partitions, ceilings, etc.) for a break is carried out using wire type NVM with a cross-section of 0.2 sq mm, PEL, PEV with a diameter of 0.18-0.25 mm or in a similar, hidden or overt manner.

To eliminate the possibility of “shorting” the alarm loops for the purpose of unblocking building structures, it is recommended to connect two lines of the alarm loop to the blocked structure or include a diode in the alarm loop, as shown in Fig. 11.

Fig. 11 - Option for blocking the door with a wire for a “break”

1 - detector SMK-1 (I0102-4); 2 - connecting box K-14; 3 - HVM wire; 4 - diode.

The wire must be routed along inside blocked building structures, along the entire area parallel to the contour lines with a pitch of no more than 200 mm and fastened with brackets. The distance between brackets is no more than 200 mm.

At open method Wire gaskets are attached directly to the surface of building structure elements and are subsequently protected from accidental damage by plywood, hardboard and other non-conducting, decorative materials.

With the hidden method, the wire is laid and secured in grooves, followed by adhesive putty and painting. The depth and width of the groove must be at least twice the diameter of the wire.

4.4.5 Metal objects, cabinets, and safes blocked by capacitive detectors must be installed on a floor with a good insulating coating. When installing interlocking items on stone, concrete or other floors with low insulation resistance, a rubber mat or other similar insulating material must be placed underneath.

4.4.6 When blocking objects with a surface electrostatic detector "Gyurza-050", the following requirements must be taken into account:

• All sensors are recommended to be connected to the detector via a connection line in parallel;
• connection lines are recommended to be made with radio frequency cable type RK-50-1.5, RK-75-1.5;
• connect the sensors to the line by soldering with POS-40, POS-60 solder with acid-free flux;
• the length of the unshielded section of the central conductor of the cable should be no more than 5 mm.

4.4.7 When choosing a location for installing radio wave detectors in protected premises of churches, the following requirements must be taken into account:

• the detector must be installed on rigid, vibration-resistant supports (main walls, columns, etc.);
• the detector must be oriented in the room in such a way that it is not aimed directly at window openings, exhaust air ducts, thin partitions behind which people may move during the security period;
• in the detector detection zone there should be no large objects, large metal surfaces (cabinets, partitions), which can create “radio shadows” (dead zones);
• during the period of protection in the protected premises it is not allowed to turn on fluorescent lamps located closer than 12 m to the detector, leave cats, dogs and other pets;
• when using two or more detectors in one room, the detectors must have different frequency letters.

The installation height of the detector, depending on the size of the protected premises, should be within 2-3 m from the floor.

4.4.8 When choosing a location for installing ultrasonic detectors in protected premises of churches, the following requirements must be observed:

• various enclosing surfaces (boards, partitions, walls, cabinets, etc.) must be located no closer than 2 m from the front part of the detector blocks and no closer than 1 meter from each side wall of the block (i.e. the protected room should not be long , width and height less than 2 m);
• the installation height of detectors from the floor should be within 1.5-2.5 m;
• it is necessary to orient the detection zone of the detector so that in front of it there is most of protected area of ​​the premises.

It is not allowed to install detectors directly above heating radiators, above vents, near curtains, curtains and stoves, near ornamental plants and flowers whose branches can sway due to air movement in the room.

When performing installation work, it should be taken into account that the connections are made with unshielded wire. To increase the stable operation of the detector, the connecting wires between the detector blocks must be laid at a distance of at least 0.2 m from the power network lines and from the lines that connect the network light and sound to.

4.4.9 When installing optical-electronic active detectors in protected premises of churches, the following general requirements must be met:

• the emitter and receiver should be installed on rigid, vibration-resistant supports (main walls, columns, etc.);
• hitting on straight lines is unacceptable sun rays leading to overheating and premature failure of photo and LEDs;
• It is unacceptable for the receiver lens to be exposed to sunlight and car headlights;
• the space through which the beam passes in width and height of 0.5 m must be free of foreign objects.

4.4.10 When choosing an installation location passive detectors In protected premises of churches, the following provisions must be followed:

• During operation, the detector should not be illuminated by the sun, especially if there are trees in front of the window, the crown of which can create light glare;
• the detector should not be installed so that it (or the wall, icon, icon case opposite it) is illuminated by car headlights or;
• The detector should not be installed at a distance of less than 1.5 m from vent, from a heating battery or stove. It is not recommended to install the detector above the radiator.

In exceptional cases, when a protected room with large glazed openings is located on the ground floor of a church, where reflected light from the headlights of passing vehicles is possible, a light-protective filter must be installed on the detector.

4.4.11 The permissible length of the power line from the detectors to the power supply units "Electronics D2-27" must be no more than 50 m. The wiring of the power line from the power supply unit to the detector must be made with a wire of the type TRP, TRV, AGRP, AGRV with a core diameter of 0. 4-0.7 mm.

When using a backup battery or dry cells as a backup power source, the operation of technical alarm systems must be ensured for at least one day - in standby mode and for at least 3 hours - in alarm mode.

4.4.12 In church premises where mechanical damage to electrical wiring is possible, it is necessary to use hidden electrical wiring; openly laid wires and cables must be protected by protective shells, pipes, boxes, and fences.

4.4.13 For the installation of electrical wiring of the alarm loop, wires of the TRP, TRV brands are used, and the leads from the blocked elements to branch boxes of the UK-2P type are used with wires of the NVM, MSV brand or similar parameters.

4.4.14 The connecting power circuits of electrical wiring are made, as a rule, with cables of the TG, TB, TPVEP, TPPEP, TPPB brands with conductors with a diameter of at least 0.4 mm and a capacity of five pairs or more.

4.4.15 Electrical wiring running along external walls at a height of less than 2.5 m or through rooms that are not subject to protection must be done in a hidden way or in metal pipes.

4.4.16 With an open parallel installation, the distance between the wires and cables of the alarm loop and connecting lines with power and lighting wires and cables must be at least 0.5 m.

If it is necessary to lay these wires and cables at a distance of less than 0.5 m from power and lighting wires, they must be protected from interference.

It is allowed to reduce the distance to 0.25 m from wires and cables of alarm loops and connecting lines to single lighting wires and control cables without interference protection.

4.4.17 When crossing power and lighting networks cables and wires of the alarm loop and connecting lines at the intersection points, additional insulation must be applied to each wire (rubber or polyvinyl chloride tube, the ends of which should protrude 4-5 mm from each side of the transition).

4.4.18 When laying cables in places where they turn at an angle of 90 degrees or close to it, the bending radius must be at least seven cable diameters.

4.4.19 Cables and wires must be secured to building structures using fasteners or staples made of thin-sheet galvanized steel, polyethylene, and elastic staples. Installation of fasteners must be done using screws or glue.

4.4.20 Fastening the wires should be done:

• with separating bases type TRV, TRP - steel nails, provided that the diameter of the nail head is not more distance between wire cores;
• without a dividing base NVM, PMVG - with staples.

In the places where the wire is fastened, an uncut or cut but larger diameter polyvinyl chloride tube with a length of at least 10 mm should be placed under the staples.

The fastening spacing for horizontal installations is 0.25 m, for vertical installations - 0.35 m.

Splicing and branching of wires of the TRP, TRV and similar brands should be done in boxes using the soldering method or with a screw.

4.4.21 When laying several wires along one route, it is allowed to place them close to each other. Place the nails of the staples securing the wire in a staggered or sequential order (mutually shifted along the length of the wire by 20 mm).

4.4.22 When performing hidden wiring in the floor and between floors, the cables must be laid in channels and pipes. Termination of cables in building construction tightly not allowed.

4.4.23 Reception and control devices must be installed in church premises where access by unauthorized persons is excluded.

4.4.24 To prevent unauthorized persons from accessing volumetric detection detectors located in rooms, corridors, and other places of the church, measures must be taken to camouflage and install them hidden.

4.5. Placement and installation of perimeter security alarms

4.5.1 Emitters and photoreceivers of perimeter detectors must be installed at the boundaries of the blocked area on rigid vibration-resistant supports (main walls, pillars with a diameter of 60 to 120 mm), ensuring the absence of vibrations with an amplitude of more than 0.1 mm when exposed to external disturbances.

There should be no buildings, bushes, trees, etc. in the detector coverage area.

Depending on the structure of the blocked area, detectors should be used in two placement options in the protected area: along the fence, above the fence.

To protect detector units from unauthorized persons, it is recommended to place the units in special casings.

Connecting and network wires must be laid in pipes or metal hoses.

4.5.2 Television surveillance systems must be protected from mechanical damage and installed in places that exclude the possibility of their intentional damage and allow viewing of areas of the protected perimeter and territory.

4.5.3 The laying of power and control cables, grounding conductors of television surveillance systems is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the "Rules for the construction of electrical installations" () and the "Instructions for the installation of structures for communication, radio broadcasting and television devices" VSN-600 - 81 of the Ministry of Communications of the Russian Federation.

4.6 Types of alarms and alarm messages

4.6.1 Three types of alarms should be used in protected churches:

• centralized;
• combined;
• autonomous.

4.6.2 Centralized alarm (preferred) should be built so that all church security lines (depending on the concentration of values) reach control panels() small or medium capacity, and from them to the central monitoring console (). An alarm message can be transmitted to the monitoring station either by telephone lines, and via radio using Struna or Struna-2 equipment.

This equipment is very effective in organizing centralized and autonomous security of churches (in rural areas), located at a distance of up to 3 km from the security point. Has high noise immunity and provides:

• centralized security of up to 20 objects (Struna) and up to 7 objects (Struna-2);
• processes for placing objects under protection and deprotecting them;
• multinational security;
• high information content;
• efficiency and ease of equipment deployment;
• ability to connect and sound to an object device.

4.6.3 Combined signaling is constructed as follows:

• all boundaries, as specified in clause 4.6.2, must be displayed on the control panel;
• the alarm signal must be output from the control panel to the guard's (caretaker's) premises;
• transmission to the monitoring station can be carried out similarly to clause 4.6.2 from the guard’s premises.

4.6.4 This type of alarm can be used in cases where the church territory has an external fence and internal (24-hour) guard security. In this case, a button must be installed in the watchman’s premises, designed to transmit alarm signals via telephone lines, and in their absence, via a radio channel to the monitoring station or to the duty units of the internal affairs bodies in order to take timely measures in the event of attempts to enter the protected premises of the church.

4.6.5 Buttons alarm system should also be installed in protected premises of the church and in places where an intruder may enter (about entrance doors, altar doors, window openings, etc.) so that when the guard is walking around the church premises, in the event of an alarm, the detention group can be called in a timely manner.

4.6.6 Autonomous alarm is constructed as follows:

• all boundaries, as in paragraph 4.6.2, must be displayed on the control panel;
• the alarm signal must be output from the control panel to the guard's premises, if available, and (or) to light and sound alarms.

4.6.7 This type of alarm can be used to protect churches located in sparsely populated cities or rural areas. Sound and light alarms serve to attract the attention of church ministers, police officers, security guards and the public when the alarm control panel is triggered.

SP 31-103-99
4.8* Design fire protection buildings, structures and complexes of Orthodox churches, as well as compliance fire protection regime during their construction, reconstruction and repair must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 21-01, NPB 108, PPB 01 and other current norms and rules.
JV project Religious buildings. Requirements fire safety
8.1 General requirements

8.1.1 Religious buildings are subject to mandatory equipment with fire safety engineering systems.

8.1.2 In the absence technical feasibility equipping religious buildings with fire safety engineering systems in accordance with fire safety requirements (impossibility of installing fire detectors in a double-height or under-dome space, inability to provide for measures to remove smoke from a double-height or under-dome space, high altitudes etc.), it is necessary to provide additional measures for fire protection, in coordination with the state fire supervision authorities.

8.2.4. For internal extinguishing of domes of Orthodox churches, Muslim mosques, minarets and towers made of flammable materials, it is necessary to install dry pipes with deluge sprinklers equipped with fire connection heads for supplying water from fire fighting vehicles.

8.4 Automatic systems fire alarm, warning people about fire and evacuation control and automatic fire extinguishing

8.4.1. Automatic fire alarms must be installed in all premises with mandatory output of the signal to a room with 24-hour occupancy or to the nearest fire department. When choosing smoke detectors the specific use of the premises should be taken into account (use of incense, candles, etc.).

8.4.2. To protect the prayer hall, altar room and other ritual premises, automatic water fire extinguishing systems can be used instead of automatic fire alarms.

8.4.3. Automatic systems fire extinguishing and fire alarm systems must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SP 5.13130.

8.4.4. Religious buildings must be equipped with fire warning systems. Fire warning and evacuation control systems must be made in accordance with the requirements of SP 3.13130.

NPB108
7. Fire automatics

7.1. Automatic fire alarms must be installed in all premises with mandatory output of the signal to a room with 24-hour occupancy or to the nearest fire department. When choosing smoke alarms, consider the use of incense and candles.

7.2. To protect the prayer hall, altar room and other ritual premises, automatic water fire extinguishing systems can be used instead of automatic fire alarms.

7.3. Automatic fire extinguishing and fire alarm systems must be made in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.04.09-84.

Required evacuation time t nbz 2 , min From the middle part of the temple with a volume of thousand m3 From the temple as a whole Up to 5 St. 5 to 10 St. 10 middle part temple with altar 2 3 3,5 6

The width of the evacuation exit from the middle part of the temple should be determined by the number of people evacuating through the exit according to

Table 13

Premises	Fire resistance level of the temple	Number of people per 1 m of emergency exit width in churches with a volume, thousand m3
		Up to 5	St. 5 to 10	St. 10
The middle part of the temple with a flow density in each main passage of no more than 5 people/m2	I, II	165	220	275
	III	115	155	-
	IV, V	80	-	-
Auxiliary premises	I, II	75	100	125
	III	50	70	-
	IV, V	40	-	-

When combining evacuation passages outside the middle part of the temple into a common passage, its width must be no less than the total width of the combined passages.

The number of risers in one flight of stairs or at a difference in levels should be no less than 3 and no more than 18.

The height of the rise of each flight of the ramp for wheelchair users to the horizontal platform should be no more than 0.9 m, the slope should be no more than 1:20. The width of the ramp flight should be at least 1.2 m.

The smallest width and greatest slope of flights of stairs should be taken according to

Table 14

For churches with a height of 10 m or more that do not have access to the roof, the installation of steel external fire escapes of the 1st type should be provided in accordance with SNiP 21-01-97 *.

Rafters, roof sheathing, supporting structures of the dome, etc., made of flammable materials must be treated fire retardant compounds. Their renewal should be carried out taking into account the effect of the fire retardant properties of the compositions.

Fire resistance limit load-bearing structures(pillars, arches), choirs in churches I - III degrees fire resistance must be at least 0.75 hours.

The finishing of the walls and ceilings of churches (with the exception of those located in buildings of IV, V degrees of fire resistance) should be made from low-combustible or non-combustible materials.

In churches of I - III degrees of fire resistance, the finishing of walls and ceilings may be made from wooden elements, treated on all sides with fire-retardant paints or varnishes that do not change the texture finishing material, on fire-resistant sheathing and fireproof frame. In churches with a capacity of over 1000 people, located in buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance, such finishing is allowed only for walls. The fire hazard of materials used in churches is determined according to GOST 30244-94.

Permanently placed carpets in altars must be securely fastened and made of materials that meet the requirements SNiP 2.08.02-89* (change 1).

Candlesticks should be installed on non-combustible bases.

Lamp oil should be stored in a utility room in metal cabinets in an amount of no more than 5 liters. In the prayer room, the supply of lamp oil should be no more than the daily requirement and stored in a metal container.

Interior fire water supply should be designed in accordance with Appendix 8 of SNiP 2.08.02-89*, NPB 108-96.

In church buildings with a capacity of up to 200 people, primary fire extinguishing means should be provided; more than 200 people - fire hydrants; in carpentry workshops, literature and candle warehouses located in a separate building on the temple building site - internal fire hydrants and sprinkler systems in accordance with the requirements of NPB 105-95.

Standards for providing churches with primary fire extinguishing means are adopted according to

Table 15

For other premises required amount primary funds fire extinguishing is determined in accordance with NPB 01-93.

Fire hydrants are installed in the vestibules at the entrances to the temple and at the entrances to the landings.

Automatic fire extinguishing systems consist of sensors that signal an increase in temperature in the room (thermal) or the appearance of smoke (smoke or combined) and a pipeline system transporting the extinguishing agent, usually water. Automatic fire alarms must be installed in all premises of churches with the obligatory output of the signal to premises with round-the-clock occupancy or to the nearest fire department. When choosing smoke alarms, you should consider the use of candle incense.

To protect the premises of churches, automatic water fire extinguishing systems can be used instead of automatic fire alarms.

Automatic fire extinguishing and fire alarm systems must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of NPB 88-2001*.

Openable window sashes can be used as smoke hatches, including in temple light drums, total area which should be at least 2% of the temple area.

26.11.2014

Temples and churches, like other places where people gather, belong to the category of objects of high fire danger. In addition, these places of worship use many candles, which are sources of open fire. installed by qualified specialists of the Garant Ultra company will minimize the threat of fire and promptly notify people in the building about an emergency situation.

Depending on the equipment configuration, a fire alarm can perform various functions:

• Enabling alarms (peripheral alarm devices)
• Notifying the fire department about a fire
• Activation automatic installations fire fighting

The main components of the system include the control panel, touch sensors that monitor flames and smoke, and peripheral devices. Equipment can be used to solve large-scale problems central control with installed software.

Possible difficulties

The installation of security and fire systems in temples and churches is associated with certain difficulties. First of all, don't it will be possible to use sensors open flame, because candles are burned in places of worship. Secondly, sensors can be damaged interior decoration churches (primarily this applies to ancient temple complexes).

Radio channel smoke sensors capable of monitoring a certain concentration of smoke in a room will help solve the problem. Such detectors are recommended for equipping objects of historical value - museums, palaces, temple buildings. The operating principle of the sensor is based on optical control of air density. The device is assembled in a plastic case, inside of which there is a board with radio elements and an optical-electronic system.

To ensure that the installation of a fire alarm does not spoil the decoration of the church, you can entrust this complex and responsible task to the specialists of the Garant Ultra company. Our employees produce installation work in strict accordance with fire safety requirements.

Alternative solution

Instead of radio channel smoke detectors, gas detectors can be used. Sensors of this type can respond to hydrocarbon compounds or carbon monoxide (carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide). To increase system efficiency, gas sensors can be installed in combination with flow sensors that analyze air environment, spreading through exhaust ventilation ducts.

Installation of security and fire equipment includes a whole range of work - from laying cables and choosing a suitable location for sensors to commissioning. In addition to the main function, modern detectors are able to monitor the stability of the radio signal. This guarantees stable operation security and fire system and timely detection of fire.

Buildings of religious denominations where fire alarms and emergency fire alarm systems are installed:

• Orthodox churches, cathedrals, temples, chapels, house churches, Diocesan administrations, Church and clergy houses, religious schools, seminaries, Sunday schools (gymnasiums), clergy residential buildings, hotels, almshouses, cell buildings, houses of vicars, church shops, industrial workshops
• Islamic (Muslim) mosques, madrasahs (Muslim educational institution, which is high school and Muslim Theological Seminary), khanaka
• Catholic churches, parishes, cathedrals
• Protestant temples, churches, houses of worship
• Buddhist temples (datsans)
• Jewish temples

Features of the design and installation of fire alarms in temples and churches

When designing a fire alarm system in a church and fire alarm system, it is necessary to take into account the features of architectural solutions of religious buildings and structures (dome and vaulted structures), as well as the order of services, traditions and ongoing rituals.

The work of installing fire alarms in temples, churches and other religious buildings and structures requires special attention and additional knowledge, since the objects are often of historical and architectural value.

The most convenient option seems to be the installation of radio channel (wireless) fire alarm and warning systems in churches, temples and mosques. The wireless system eliminates the need to work with decorative coatings, frescoes, mosaics, etc.

Due to lack standard projects calculating the costs of purchasing and installing an automatic fire alarm and warning and evacuation system in a church, mosque or temple is unique in each case. Each object requires detailed study and mandatory inspection by an engineer. Calculation of the cost of fire alarms and fire alarm systems should take into account the area, height and type of building structures.

After commissioning of the systems and further operation, the automatic fire alarm (AFS) and warning and evacuation control system (WEC) must be in working order and maintained in accordance with technical regulations. Documentation (projects, acceptance certificates, journals Maintenance) must be kept in a temple, cathedral, mosque, datsan and provided upon request of the relevant authorities.

Regulatory documents:

• Federal Law of July 22, 2008 N 123-FZ “ Technical regulations on fire safety requirements";
• SP 31-103-99 “Buildings, structures and complexes of Orthodox churches”;
• NPB 108-96 “Religious buildings. Fire requirements»;
• SP 5.13130.2009 “Fire protection systems. Fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations are automatic. Design norms and rules";
• SP 3.13130.2009 “Fire protection systems. Warning and management system for evacuation of people in case of fire. Fire safety requirements."