Trinity Izmailovsky Cathedral address. Cathedral of the Holy Life-Giving Trinity of the Izmailovo Life Guards Regiment

T The Holy Trinity-Izmailovsky Cathedral stands majestically on Trinity Square
in the Admiralteysky district of St. Petersburg. Its full name is the Cathedral of the Holy Life-Giving Trinity of the Life Guards Izmailovsky Regiment. This is where Dostoevsky got married)))

Under Emperor Peter I, a wooden chapel stood on this site. Then the marching temple of the Life Guards Izmailovsky Regiment appeared. The camping tent-temple was erected in the summer closer to the mouth of the Fontanka, in the village of Kalinkina. In the church there were icons painted by the icon painter I. G. Adolsky (Odolsky). In winter, the ranks of the regiment prayed in parish churches. After the regiment moved higher up the river, in 1742 the temple was moved to a wooden barracks.

On July 1 (12), 1754, a new wooden five-domed church with a chapel of the martyr John the Warrior was laid. In the church there were gilded silver vessels donated by the empress, as well as covers embroidered by her.

After the flood, the architect V.P. Stasov was asked to develop a project for a new stone temple. At the same time, the old wooden church should remain the model.

The foundation stone for the new church was laid on May 13 (25), 1828 by Metropolitan Seraphim (Glagolevsky). Empress Maria Feodorovna and Tsarevich Alexander Nikolaevich were present at the celebration. Construction was carried out with the personal funds of Emperor Nicholas I and government money. The cost of construction of the cathedral was 3 million rubles.

On the walls of the cathedral hung captured Turkish banners captured during Russian-Turkish war 1877-1878, regiment banners. In 1836, white marble plaques with the names of the regiment officers who died in the battles of Austerlitz, Friedland, Borodino and Kulm were mounted into the walls of the cathedral. The display cases contained keys to the fortresses of Kars, Bayazet, Lemotik, Nikopol, Adrianople and other cities, as well as the uniforms of the august chiefs.

For the consecration of the cathedral, Nicholas I presented jasper vessels in a gold frame and a jasper tabernacle in the form of a temple with pink agate columns. A three-tier bronze chandelier weighing 5 tons (it was disposed of in the 1930s).

In the cathedral, on February 15 (27), 1867, the wedding of F. M. Dostoevsky and A. G. Snitkina took place, and on November 6 (18), 1894, the funeral service of A. G. Rubinstein took place.

In 1928-1938 it was the cathedral of the Metropolitans of Leningrad (Seraphim (Chichagov) and Alexy Simansky).

The cathedral was closed on April 22, 1938. It was supposed to be demolished or rebuilt into a city crematorium. The temple building was damaged during the Great Patriotic War. Restoration was carried out in 1952-1953 and 1966-1967. appearance. There was a warehouse in the building itself.

The interior is decorated with 24 Corinthian columns. The pilasters are covered with white artificial marble.

Returned to Russian Orthodox Church in 1990. In 2004, restoration was resumed.

On August 25, 2006, a strong fire occurred. caught fire scaffolding installed for the restoration of the cathedral dome. As a result of the fire, the external structures of the large dome of the cathedral collapsed onto the internal vault. Two small domes, which had already been restored by June 2007, were also damaged by the fire.
Metropolitan Vladimir (Kotlyarov) stated that the church was deliberately set on fire and that the church supposedly even has proof of this. The investigation into the fire has not been completed for 7 years, and the version of arson has not been confirmed.

It took only 2 years to restore the domes. The domes took on a historical appearance and were painted with gold stars on a blue background (once this appearance was given according to the personal instructions of Nicholas I, given in 1826: the domes should be painted like the domes of the Archangel Cathedral in Moscow and Tver Cathedral in Tver).

The facades of the cathedral are decorated with six-column porticoes of the Corinthian order with a sculptural frieze. In the niches of the porticos there are bronze figures of angels by the sculptor S.I. Galberg. Ivan Leppe also worked on the frieze.

The cathedral was painted by artists A. I. Travin and T. A. Medvedev.

At the end of the 20th century, the cathedral was burning... burning badly. The fire began on the dome during restoration.

But then it was restored.

Description

The Holy Trinity Cathedral in St. Petersburg is located on Izmailovsky Prospekt near the Fontanka River on small area surrounded by urban development. On the vast territory between modern Moskovsky and Izmailovsky Avenues, between the embankment of the Fontanka River and Zagorodny Avenue, the barracks of the Imperial Life Guards Izmailovsky Regiment, formed by decree of Empress Anna Ioannovna in 1730, were located by company. The majestic white stone temple, its five domes covered with paint blue color and a scattering of golden stars on high drums with semi-circular windows are visible from many points in the city. The Cathedral on Izmailovsky Prospekt is a visible witness military history Russia.

History of the Holy Trinity Cathedral in St. Petersburg in the 19th century

The first regimental wooden church, built on the initiative of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, was irreversibly lost in 1824 as a result of a devastating flood. In 1827, Emperor Nicholas I, being the former commander of the Life Guards Izmailovsky Regiment, ordered the construction of a new large stone Holy Trinity Cathedral in St. Petersburg to begin. The temple was solemnly founded in 1828 on Izmailovsky Prospekt.

The construction of the cathedral was carried out according to the design of the architect V.P. Stasov and the engineer P.P. Bazen under the personal supervision of Emperor Nicholas I. To construct the foundation, 9,000 piles were driven into soils that were complex in their geology. In plan, the cathedral was an equilateral cross; the base was lined with granite. The walls and columns were built of brick and reinforced with metal reinforcement. The central dome was supposed to rise on a high drum with semi-circular windows. In 1830, during the construction of the central large drum and dome, the load-bearing columns cracked due to an error in the calculations. Work to strengthen the columns and stability of the main dome was carried out by engineer P. Bazin. The side domes on high drums with windows were located along the axes of the temple, which was cruciform in plan. Outside, all four aisles were decorated at the ends with classical porticoes with columns; sculptures were installed in niches on the sides. The main volume of the cathedral was decorated with a festive frieze, on which figures of angels alternated with laurel garlands.

In 1832, the Holy Trinity Cathedral was freed from scaffolding, but on February 23, 1833, the main dome was torn off by a storm and partially damaged brickwork walls New project the main dome was completed by engineer P. Bazin. In 1834, the domes of the cathedral were covered with blue paint with gold stars.

The interior space of the temple turned out to be very bright due to white walls, five light drums and huge semi-circular windows. 86 columns of the Corinthian order supported a central drum with a dome. Ancient regimental images were grouped into special icon cases. Internal surfaces The domes of the temple were painted by the Yaroslavl serf artist Timofey Medvedev and his son Peter. The icons for the iconostasis were painted by famous academicians of painting of that time, many of the icons were made by the self-taught painter Nikolai Maikov. Above the altar there was a triple canopy, representing a festive semi-circular double colonnade, crowned with the inscription “With this banner, conquer”; the composition was completed by a huge gilded cross and a dove - a symbol of the Holy Spirit.

To a large extent, the internal appearance of the temple was shaped by huge icons by Timofey Neff with images of the patron saints of Russia: the Savior, Mother of God, Saint Isaac of Dalmatia, Holy Blessed Prince Alexander Nevsky, Holy Apostles Peter and Paul, Saint Nicholas the Wonderworker, Great Martyr Catherine. Later the icons were replaced with mosaic copies.

Particularly revered was an ancient icon with the image of the Resurrection of Christ in a silver robe with the relics of Saints John Chrysostom, the First Martyr Archdeacon Stephen, the Great Martyr Barbara, a piece of the wood of the Cross of the Lord, as well as the icon of the Dormition of the Mother of God and the Mother of God “Joy of All Who Sorrow.” On the eve of the Feast of the Holy Trinity on May 25, 1835, the solemn consecration of the Holy Trinity Cathedral on Izmailovsky Prospekt took place.

Construction of the chapel

In 1893, on the corner of Izmailovsky Prospekt and the street of the 1st Company of the Izmailovsky Regiment at the Holy Trinity Cathedral, it was decided to build a chapel in the name of the Holy Blessed Grand Duke Alexander Nevsky. The chapel was built according to the design of engineer S. Kondratiev and solemnly consecrated in 1895. The architecture of the chapel resembles the Holy Trinity Cathedral in miniature: in plan there is an equilateral cross. A tall drum and a blue dome decorated with gold stars.

Military trophies of the Imperial Life Guards Izmailovsky Regiment

The existing regimental banners were placed in the most honorable place near the choir. The St. George banner with the inscription “For distinction in the defeat and expulsion of the enemy from Russia in 1812,” received by the regiment in 1813, was installed behind the right choir. During Crimean Wars In 1853-1856 and 1877-1878, war trophies from enemy ships captured in battles were brought to the Holy Trinity Cathedral. Trophies taken in major battles during the Russian war for the liberation of the Balkan peoples from the Turkish yoke, they were located in the narthex at the main entrance to the cathedral. At the choirs of the main chapel, memorial plaques with the names of officers killed in battles were attached to the walls.

At Alexandra III a commemorative column of captured cannons was built, designed by military engineer G. M. Zhitkov and architect D. Grimm. The “Military Glory” column was built from 100 captured guns, grouped into 5 tiers and topped with a bronze figure of Victory. Four Turkish mortars were installed on a cast iron base. The names of the most important battles of the Russian-Turkish War of 1877-1878 are engraved on the corners. Memorial plaques dedicated to the war of liberation in the Balkans were mounted on a granite pedestal.

Charity

At the end of the 19th century, a military hospital for soldiers of the Izmailovsky regiment and a shelter for orphans was opened at the Holy Trinity Cathedral. The Poor Relief Society was created. In 1897, the Holy Trinity Cathedral by the beginning of the 20th century became the largest spiritual, educational and social center in St. Petersburg.

History of the Holy Trinity Cathedral in the 20th century

After the decree was issued Soviet power In 1918, on the separation of Church and state, the temple changed from a regimental cathedral in its status to an ordinary parish church. The Izmailovsky regiment and the regimental clergy were gone. The new authorities sought to destroy the Church as an institution. Religious societies were prohibited from owning property, educating children, and having rights to property. Widespread expropriation of church property began. In 1922, a commission to confiscate valuables also came to the Trinity Cathedral. In total, about 2 kg were taken out. gold and 300 kg. silver Persecution of clergy began. In 1922, the Bolsheviks arrested Metropolitan Veniamin of Petrograd and Gdov, the rector of the Trinity Cathedral, Archpriest Mikhail Cheltsov, a total of 86 people. Most the clergy were convicted and sentenced to prison. Vladyka Veniamin was shot. Father Mikhail, upon his release, was assigned to the Church of the Resurrection of Christ in Kolomna.

In 1925, the banners of the Izmailovsky regiment, military trophies obtained in the wars with Turkey, and memorial marble plaques were knocked down from the Trinity Cathedral. In 1928, the “Military Glory” column, as a “symbol of Russian militarism,” was dismantled, and the captured guns surrounding it were destroyed.

The 30s of the 20th century became especially difficult for the clergy of Trinity Cathedral. Accused of counter-revolutionary agitation, the rector of the Trinity Cathedral, Archpriest Mikhail Cheltsov, Metropolitan Seraphim of Leningrad and Gdov, and Bishop Ambrose were shot.
In 1933, the Trinity Cathedral in the Alexander Nevsky Lavra was closed. The Leningrad diocese was headed by Patriarch Alexy I. He gave the Holy Trinity Cathedral the status cathedral Holy Trinity, but in 1938 the temple was closed.

During the Great Patriotic War A bomb shelter was built in the basements of the Trinity Cathedral; soldiers from a nearby anti-aircraft battery lived there. After the war, Trinity Cathedral was a sad sight. There were unheated warehouses in the temple, and the building fell into disrepair. The first post-war restoration was carried out in 1952-1956.

In 1994, under the rector of the Holy Trinity Cathedral, Metropolitan John, the Orthodox community was again formed. Colossal work has begun to return Orthodox church to life. In 1996, Metropolitan Vladimir appointed Archpriest Gennady Bartov as rector of the Holy Trinity Cathedral. A tradition was started in 1997 all-night vigil and bishop's services on the Patronal Feast of the Most Holy Trinity.

The history of the Holy Trinity Cathedral of the Life Guards Izmailovsky Regiment in the 21st century

The 2000s were characterized by extensive restoration of the Holy Trinity Cathedral in St. Petersburg. The facades and domes were restored, and active restoration work began historical interior. A large number of religious shrines, church utensils, military trophies, banners of the Izmailovsky regiment were donated to the Trinity Cathedral by the Museum of the History of Religion. In 2003, President Russian Federation Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin donated to the Holy Trinity Cathedral an icon of the Most Holy Trinity made by masters of North-West Rus' of the 15th century. Since 2003, the Holy Trinity Cathedral has held annual choir festivals during Holy Week. In the same 2003, a shelter at the Holy Trinity Izmailovsky Cathedral for orphans was revived on Lermontovsky Prospekt. In 2005, the recreated triumphal column “Military Glory” was inaugurated and consecrated.

Fire in the Holy Trinity Cathedral in St. Petersburg

Restoration work in the cathedral was interrupted by a terrible fire that occurred on August 25, 2006. The central and partly northern domes burned down, attic spaces. The completely burnt wooden central dome and the damaged four small domes, damaged structures and interior decoration The temple had to be restored again.

Restoration of the Holy Trinity Cathedral

A City Headquarters was created for restoration work. The wooden structures of the main dome were replaced with unique semi-arched elements made from laminated wood, which became the basis of the structure. Exterior works and finishing internal space were carried out in stages. On May 27, 2008, the small domes of the cathedral were opened. On October 9 of the same year, a 9-meter gilded cross was installed on the main dome.

Modern life of the Holy Trinity Cathedral in St. Petersburg

In 2010, on the day of the patronal feast of Pentecost, the restored main altar, consecrated in the name of the Holy Life-Giving Trinity, appeared before the flock in all its glory. Divine Liturgy was held by Metropolitan of St. Petersburg and Ladoga Vladimir. In 2011, Patriarch Kirill brought an Orthodox shrine to the cathedral forever - a particle of the relics of the holy blessed Matrona of Moscow, next to which were placed reliquaries with particles of the relics of the holy saints Peter and Fevronia of Murom and the holy Ecumenical Teachers Basil the Great, Gregory the Theologian and John Chrysostom. The Cathedral of the Holy Life-Giving Trinity of the Life Guards Izmailovsky Regiment in 2015 celebrates the 180th anniversary of its consecration.

Information

• Architect

  From the book "History of the Izmailovsky Regiment".

  In January 1732, the Empress (Anna Ioannovna) moved to her place of residence in St. Petersburg and Her first concern was to arrange a camp church for the Izmailovites in honor of the Holy Trinity. (p. 8).

  In 1754, the design of a wooden church for the Izmailovsky regiment was approved by the Highest, according to which construction began and was completed by June 1, 1756. This church existed until 1828, when a stone church was built to replace it according to the same design. (p. 26).

  1828: May 13, 1828, on the day of the Holy Trinity, the laying took place new church. The 3rd battalion of the regiment was in service (the 1st and 2nd had been on the march since April 22), and Her Imperial Majesty Empress Maria Feodorovna was present at the laying, and the first stone was laid on behalf of the Sovereign Emperor, the second - on behalf of Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, and the third - personally on his own behalf. Present at the laying, together with his grandmother, was Her grandson, the Heir Grand Duke Alexander Nikolaevich and Prince of Orange. (p. 90).

  Finally, the construction of the warm, stone church was completed. Started 7 years earlier, it was brought into final readiness on May 25, at 4:30 am. When the bells rang, the illumination of the northern limit began in honor of St. John the Warrior, which was carried out by the cathedral Archimandrite Nile. At 7:30, the lighting of the southern limit began in honor of St. Mary Magdalene, also performed by the cathedral Archimandrite Iodosius, after which the gospel began. At 10 o'clock, the consecration of the main boundary began, in the name of the Holy Life-Giving Trinity, performed by the metropolitan of Moscow and Kolomna Philaret, with Archimandrites Palladius, Plato and other clergy. At 7 o'clock in the evening, the Sovereign Emperor with the Empress and the Heir to the Throne, on their way back from Moscow, deigned to visit the temple and examine it in detail. The said temple, having a height of 38 fathoms, is the fourth tallest building in St. Petersburg. Its five starry heads rise grandly above the houses of the capital, signifying the Emperor’s favor to the Izmailovsky Life Guards Regiment.

  There are 5,500 piles driven under the foundation of this temple. The ranks of the 3rd battalion worked on this work, since the 1st and 2nd battalions were on the march at that time. The church was built for 3000 people. Iconostasis by merchant Tarasov. The image in the iconostasis and one altarpiece within, the work of the artist of the Maikov Academy, cost 50,000 rubles. For the construction of the entire temple, 2,473,512 rubles, 74 kopecks were spent from His Majesty’s office. The following are remarkable from the Royal gifts in the temple:

  2) Air on blue satin with an image of the Savior in the middle and on the edges of two Angels and 4 Cherubim, with embroidered gold words, handmade, Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. To this air there are two covers, also handmade by the Empress.

  3) Two chased silver candlesticks, a gift from Empress Elizabeth (September 18, 1753).

  4) Golden chalice, paten, star, spoon, spear, and two plates.

  5) Also with finititive images from Revnev jasper, a chalice and a paten.

  6) Large altar cross.

  7) Arks: silver in the main Altai, crystal in the southern one.

  8) Gospel in a silver frame.

  9) Green velvet vestments with Izmailovo embroidery.

  All these gifts from Emperor Nikolai Pavlovich:

  10) The images of the Savior, the Mother of God, Isaac of Dalmatia, Alexander Nevsky, painted by academician Nef, for St. Isaac's Cathedral, and in addition, other 8 images were granted to the church from St. Isaac's Cathedral by His Majesty, Sovereign Emperor Alexander Nikolaevich. In addition, the uniforms of Emperors Alexander I, Nicholas I and Alexander II are kept in the temple.

  Like victory trophies, in the Church of the Holy Trinity, the keys of the cities are kept: Bayazet and Kars and a huge number of Turkish, English and French banners taken in the last two companies of 1852-56, and 1877-78, and between them is kept a banner taken with his own hand by a private 2nd Company of the Life Guards. Izmailovsky regiment, Ivan Ovchinnikov, during the capture of a fortified Turkish position near the village of Gorny Dubnyak, October 12, 1877. In addition, to commemorate the regiment’s distinction, near Gorny Dubnyak it was granted 4 Turkish guns, taken into the redoubt, to be placed near the church. (P. 109, 110, 111).

  Project of a wooden cold church of the Lieutenant-Guards. Izmailovsky Regiment. V. P. Stasov. June 28, 1827