Design, selection, principle of operation and installation of heating cable for drainpipes. Installation of an anti-icing system for roofs and gutters using a self-regulating heating cable Heating of drain pipes with a heating cable installation

The problem of icing occurs when melt water from the roof, flowing down gutters and pipes, freezes due to a decrease in ambient temperature or a difference in temperature on the roof and in the drain (if the roof is not insufficiently insulated). Ice builds up layer by layer on the drain. The icing process occurs quite quickly, and the melting of the formed ice takes many times longer. Therefore, ice must be removed manually or using a system that prevents icing of gutters.

Icing of gutters causes many problems:

• The drainage system stops functioning. Ice clogs pipes, accumulates in gutters, and blocks drainage;
• Ice increases the load to the drainage system. Massive accumulations of ice overload the supporting structures of drains, which leads to their collapse;
• Leaks. Melt water that accumulates on the roof still finds its way down in the form of leaks;
• Damage drainpipes . Frozen water deforms pipes. If there are gaps at the pipe joints, then in these places the chance of damage increases significantly;
• Damage to facades. In addition to the aesthetic problems caused by icicles, as the ice melts, noticeable smudges remain on the facades, spoiling the appearance of the facade. Water penetrates the plaster of the facade and destroys it;
• Security problem. The owner of a building is required by law to maintain it in good condition, which includes removing icicles from gutters. If, by an unfortunate coincidence, falling icicles cause any harm, you will have to bear responsibility in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

What does an assembled gutter heating system look like?:

Heating of gutters and downpipes

The heating cable is installed along the entire length of gutters and pipes. The drains are heated using several strands of heating cable. The number of cable threads is calculated based on the following data: the material from which the pipes and gutters are made (plastic or metal), their size and shape. In addition to the specified data, the design and technical features of the object, as well as the climatic zone, are taken into account. All specified data allows the designer to correctly calculate the required amount of cable and installation interval.

If the system is designed wrong, then one of the following problems is likely to arise: 1) the system does not compensate for heat loss and does not cope with the heating task, gutters freeze, pipes become clogged; 2) the system has excess power, the gutters are heated, but the energy consumption is too high, the system is expensive to operate. In addition to excessive consumption, there is a possibility of plastic gutters and pipes overheating and deforming.

Installation

Devices for installing the heating cable in the gutter:

• mounting tape;
• plastic fasteners.

Devices for installing a heating cable in a drainpipe:

• double mounting tape;
• plastic fasteners.

Heating cable for heating gutters

Above were the data necessary to calculate the number of threads of the heating cable. In addition, the power of the heating cable is selected. The table provides current information on the power required to heat gutters and drainage pipes in relation to the climatic conditions of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region.

To heat gutters, we use heating cables from Elektra - a proven European manufacturer that gives 10 year warranty for resistive heating cable:

For some objects, at the request of the customer, calculations can be performed using a self-regulating heating cable from Elektra:

Our advantages

We are the official representative of the Elektra plant in Russia. By contacting us, you are guaranteed to receive genuine products and a favorable price offer for heating cables, thermostats and accessories. We specialize in cable heating systems, our design department will prepare a competent heating solution drainage system of any complexity. If necessary, heating can include the roof, canopies and eaves of the building. Installation work carried out by qualified specialists with extensive experience roofing works concerning anti-icing systems.

Diagnostics and maintenance of the drain heating system

Once the system is put into operation, in most cases there is no need to carry out additional maintenance activities. It is recommended to carry out system diagnostics before the start of the season (which is included in system diagnostics).

Diagnostics of the finished system. Our company’s specialists can diagnose the system and identify the cause of the problem. Problems are identified during the inspection of system elements using specialized equipment.

Heating of roofs and gutters necessary for houses located in climatic zones where significant amounts of snow fall. Under its weight, the roof structure may collapse and drainage system. This problem is especially relevant for private houses that have a heated room under the roof. This design leads to active melting of snow in the ridge area and the formation of ice build-ups on the edge of the roof and in the storm drain system.

A similar picture is observed in spring, when daily temperature fluctuations reach tens of degrees. During the day, the snow cap on the roof melts, and in the evening, before it reaches the storm drain, it freezes. This situation is extremely dangerous both for the structure itself and for people who can be seriously injured from falling large pieces of ice. To prevent destruction roofs and gutters, extend their service life and maintain a presentable appearance, used gutter heating system.

How does it work gutter heating system ?

Principle of operation heating systems drainage is based on the use of thermal energy, which is generated when electricity passes through a flexible cable that has a certain resistance. Heating is installed in places where there is the slightest possibility of ice formation. As a rule, heating elements are laid on the roof, along gutters and risers. Heat helps melt snow and prevents water in the drainage system from freezing when the temperature drops below 0°C.

Heating cable for roofs and gutters used to perform the following tasks:

• eliminating excess pressure on the roofing system from snow and ice masses;
• preventing the possibility of the formation of icicles and blocks of ice on the edges of roof slopes;
• 24-hour removal of melt water from the roof;
• preventing the formation of ice jams and congestion in water drainage channels;
• automatic cleaning of the roof from excess snow without the use of physical effort;
• extending the service life of the drainage system.

Electric heating of gutters using modern control equipment makes it possible to completely eliminate human participation in the operation of systems. Right choice devices, its proper installation and configuration contribute to the fact that heating of gutters and drains, roofing and drainage will be carried out efficiently and economically. Considering the cost of electricity, this factor should be taken into account.

Heating system design

Heating of drainpipes is a rather complex technical process. As a rule, installation of the system is carried out by specialists with the necessary knowledge and experience. But if you show patience, accuracy and a thoughtful approach, then you can arrange the heat supply to the gutters and roof on your own. To do this, you need to familiarize yourself with the general device heating systems and with the rules for its installation.

Standard system heating of gutters consists of the following devices and mechanisms:

1. Heating part. It represents an electrical cable for gutters, which is used to heat trays, pipes and roofing covering. Its installation is carried out from the outside and inside these structures so as to initially exclude the very possibility of any mechanical damage and rupture. The wire has sufficient strength and a reliable coating that provides protection from solar radiation, water, heat and cold. When installing heating systems, 2 types of heating elements are used: resistive and self-regulating cable. As a rule, both are used for high-quality and economical heating.


2. Distribution part. This is a set of power cables, installation and distribution boxes, fastening and fixing devices. The information part is intended for distributing electricity, receiving and transmitting signals from sensors and indicators.
3. Control system. It consists of a panel, thermostats, indicators, sensors, starting, regulating and protective devices.

The equipment for heating gutters may vary. Its volume and characteristics of the devices depend on the area that needs to be covered, and required power. In addition, the amount of automation may vary due to the choice of type of heating elements.

Selection of heating elements

Cable for heating gutters is the basis of the anti-icing system. The efficiency of the installed system largely depends on the correctness of its choice.

During installation, use heating cable for drain of such a type:

1. Resistive for gutters. This is a fairly simple and inexpensive product, which is a metal wire enclosed in durable insulation. All its parameters, such as power, heating temperature and resistance, are constant. This is both a plus and a minus at the same time. The advantage is that the resistive wire is easy to install and operate. The disadvantage is that its temperature cannot be changed depending on the specific situation. So, the power of the wire may not be enough for gutter heating in severe frost. But at temperatures close to zero, the heat it produces will be wasted. Resistive wire is used for arranging large areas of roofing and long sections of gutters and pipes.
2. Self-regulating. This product is highly technologically advanced. The cable consists of a core, which is insulated with two layers of sheath and steel braid. The heating element itself changes power and resistance depending on the ambient temperature.
   and extreme cold resistance is maximum. As the air warms up, it decreases, and the cable heats up less and less. Due to its high cost, self-regulating wire is used to a limited extent. As a rule, it is used to carry out heating of gutters, located in a pipe or in gutters where the movement of snow masses occurs.

When arranging houses, it is recommended to use both types of wire. This way you can achieve high-quality results without significant overpayments. Inexpensive resistive heating cable is used to cover large areas under the roof. As for self-regulating elements, they are attached to the most difficult sections of drains.

Design of roof heating and gutters

Efficiency heating systems directly depends on high-quality design and correctly selected equipment. You shouldn't skimp on it. Even the most modern and expensive devices cost an order of magnitude less than roof and drainage repairs.

Design is carried out in the following sequence:

1. Determining areas that need to be heated. Valleys, roof edges, gutters and pipes must be taken into account. If heating elements are not installed in the pipes, this leads to the formation of ice plugs in them from water melted on the roof. A roof left without heating may simply not withstand the accumulated snow and collapse. It is for these reasons that the issue of heat supply must be approached comprehensively.
2. Selecting a heating cable. A functional self-regulating wire is placed in gutters and pipes, since in these places there is the greatest likelihood of ice formation. Resistive products are used to heat large areas on the roof.
3. Selection of control system. Modern devices have wide functionality. They can significantly reduce electricity consumption when weather conditions change. Correct selection sensors and sensors gives the system a command to work only when the need arises.

When the heating zones are determined and the choice of devices, equipment and fixtures is made, the property that will be required for installation is calculated. The result of planning is project documentation, which takes into account all current building codes and security measures.

Installation heating systems roofs

You can install the roof yourself if you have basic knowledge of electrical engineering. A person who can read electrical circuits, can cope with installation without much difficulty heating systems .

Its installation is carried out as follows:

1. Heating elements are cut according to the size of the zones for which they are intended. Couplings and adapters are installed in places where necessary. If drain pipes If they are of considerable height, a steel cable is mounted inside them, which will take on the weight of the heating wire.
2. The heating element is deployed through the drainage system. It is attached to its surface with adhesive aluminum tape. This connection is distinguished not only by its high strength and reliability, but also by its productivity in terms of a larger heat supply area. The aluminum tape itself heats up from the wire. At the inlet and outlet of the riser, more rigid fixation with bolts or rivets is used.


3. Mounting boxes are being installed. Connection and wiring of wires to consumers is carried out. The electrical parameters of each line are checked for integrity, insulation reliability and resistance value.
4. Sensors, probes, control and measuring instruments. Installs the control unit (cabinet, panel).
5. A power cable is supplied to supply power to the system. The equipment is connected to electricity. The operation of all systems and mechanisms is checked. Particular attention is paid to the reliability of the protective devices.

After all instruments and devices are connected and tested, they are configured.

The heating system requires periodic maintenance. This consists of regularly inspecting the heating cable and installation boxes. Detected debris is immediately removed. Loose aluminum strips are replaced with new ones. Before the start of winter, the system is required to be tested for performance. For the purposes of prevention and safety, worn sections of heating elements are renewed. If you follow these rules, then roof and gutter heating system will perform its tasks efficiently for several decades.

On any roof in winter time years, icicles or even an ice bank may form. Let's find out what means can be used to eliminate such phenomena.

We offer you a number technical solutions for roof heating, which will help combat icing of the roof and gutters. Ice and icicles can form on almost any roof. This is due to natural design flaws and is fraught with various consequences: from leaks to damage to the drainage system.

Roof and gutter heating solutions

• Selecting a heating cable
• Electrical equipment
• Roof heating installation

Purpose and principle of operation

Even with a well-designed roof, thermal protection is not absolute. As snow cover accumulates, heat leakage into the atmosphere decreases, the temperature of the roofing increases, which is why it gradually melts. Flowing down, the water reaches the bottom of the slope, where it finally freezes, forming an ice bank.

Above this shaft, new portions of water accumulate, the risk of leaks increases, and the snow cap continues to accumulate, increasing the load on the supporting system. At the first thaw, the entire accumulated mass of snow and ice comes off the roof like an avalanche, damaging the drainage system and posing a threat to people and property.

Heating the roof is an active anti-icing measure, the main task of which is to melt the resulting ice and facilitate the unhindered removal of melt water. Depending on the roof structure, the specific operation of the snow melting system may differ. Conventionally, roofs are classified according to the numerical value of heat losses:

1. Roofs over cold attics or unheated rooms are called cold roofs. The snow cap on them melts only on a sunny day near bare areas of the roof, and practically no ice forms. Heating of such roofs is required in cases where the amount of precipitation is high, and independent removal of the cover is impossible due to the small slope. In general, cold roofs are not heated.
2. Roofs over warm attics or attics with good insulation called moderately warm. This is the most difficult case: Snow melting occurs at a low intensity, which is why the thickness of the ice layer is slowly but steadily growing. The purpose of the snow melting system is to speed up the melting of snow, while the system operates in a semi-automatic mode at infrequent but fairly long intervals.
3. Roofs with poor insulation Conditionally considered warm, the melting of snow on them occurs very actively. As a rule, ice formation occurs in the lower part of slopes and gutters, so heating elements are placed only in these areas. Their power is quite high, the system operates in intermittent mode.

Selecting a heating cable

To heat roofs, two types of two-core heating cables are used. The first option is a heating section of fixed length and power, this is the most convenient way heating gutters and pipes.

There are also self-regulating cables, consisting of two parallel conductive cores, the space between which is filled with a weak dielectric, the resistance of which increases abruptly when heated to a certain temperature. Thanks to this, the self-regulating cable can be connected in segments of arbitrary length; only the maximum length of the line is limited.

Both types of cable have a rather complex structure. The heating core or pair is encased in a heat-resistant sheath with good dielectric properties. A shielding braid is wound over the shell - protective measure in case of damage to the main electrical insulation. The cable is also covered in external insulation, which protects against both breakdown and mechanical damage.

The self-regulating cable also has under the outer sheath additional layer, eliminating friction between the flat heating core and the outer insulation to maintain shape.

All heating cables are divided by specific power, which can be 15–50 W/m.p. Cables up to 20 W/m.p. used on warm roofs, up to 30 W/m.p. - on cold areas of moderately warm roofs, up to 50 W/m.p. - for heating the drainage system.

Electrical equipment

Since the electric heating system is operated in rather harsh conditions, and safety measures are much stricter than for heating open areas, the system requires the use of a number of electrical products and protective devices.

Require the most attention electrical connections. In conditions of high humidity and exposure to ultraviolet radiation, standard heating cable couplings do not demonstrate sufficient reliability. Therefore, they are used only for connecting heating cables to each other or in conditions where installation of a secure connection is impossible.

In other situations, the connection of the heating cable to the power cable is carried out inside a distribution box with a degree of protection of IP66 through screw terminals. The box is placed below the roof overhang, which slightly increases the consumption of the heating cable, but is guaranteed to protect the vulnerable spot.

The worst thing that can happen to a heating system is a breakdown of the insulation and a short circuit between the wires or to the metal roofing. That's why circuit breaker to protect the line, it is selected in strict accordance with its power and the current supply voltage.

You need to select the machine that is closest in rating, and then adjust the heat splitter according to the instructions. The second stage of protection is a fire class RCD, designed for leakage currents of 200–400 mA. For its correct operation, the shielding braids of all heating cables must be reliably grounded.

The self-regulating cable is used in systems with manual activation and does not require the installation of a thermostat. The exception is heating systems for roofs of houses that are not designed for permanent residence, or if the goal is to make the heating operation completely autonomous.

In such cases, the thermostat turns off the heating when the air temperature reaches positive, and the automation can also use the readings of the humidity sensor to determine the presence of precipitation. For heating sections, installation of a thermostat is mandatory; the cut-off temperature is selected in the range +3...+10 °C depending on climatic conditions. The temperature sensor is not located on outdoors, and is rigidly fixed 20–25 mm from the heating element.

Roof heating installation

Arrangement of cables on cold and warm roofs ah different. In the first case, the heating elements rise in parallel lines along the entire length of the slope in increments of 30–40 cm. This heating system is used only on flat roofs with a slope of less than 10°, where independent removal of the snow cap is impossible.

In all other cases, only the lower cold edge, where ice accumulates, is heated. For warm roofs, the width of the heating strip is equal to the protrusion of the covering beyond the outer plane of the wall.

On moderately warm roofs, heating is arranged to the width of the overhang and wall plus 10–15 cm. The cable is laid in a triangular snake with a distance between the peaks of 25 to 100 cm, depending on the density of the heating elements.

It is determined by the required specific power of the heated area, which for moderately warm roofs is 250–300 W/m2, and for warm ones - about 400 W/m2. Depending on climatic conditions, the manufacturer may provide additional recommendations for adjusting power.

Fastening the cable to the roof with a snake pitch of more than 50 cm is carried out with point fasteners, which are attached to the covering with self-tapping screws or blind rivets. Before fastening, a special sealant is placed between the fastener and the roof. If the snake pitch is quite frequent, it is better to fasten it on a perforated mounting tape.

It is attached with two parallel lines at the bottom of the slope and with the required distance from the edge, after which the cable is pressed by bending the cut petals. This method is especially often used on steep slopes, where there is a high probability of the snow cap falling off: the cable will not be damaged, the fastenings will simply unbend.

Particular attention should be paid to wind overhangs and valleys. On each overhang, the cable should rise from the bottom to 2/3 of the height of the slope. An excessive amount of ice forms in valleys and gutters, so the specific heating power should be increased by 1.5 times. As a rule, this is achieved by laying two or three parallel lines of heating cable on both sides of the valley with a pitch of 10–12 cm.

Anti-icing of the drainage system

With an existing roof heating system, it is necessary to lay heating cables also in drainage trays and drainage pipes. Without this, the melted water will not be able to drain freely, will freeze and, most likely, damage the drainage system.

As a rule, two cables with a power density of more than 25 W/m.p. are sufficient for gutters. One of them is laid along the outer side, the other - along the bottom of the gutter. Fixation is carried out using special brackets, which are fixed inside the tray in increments of 20–30 cm. If during operation there is freezing of water in the drain, you can add another heating cable.

Pipes are the most vulnerable part of the drainage system; due to cable tangling, plugs can form inside them, and the entire system will become unusable. Therefore, cables with a power of up to 50 W/m.p. are usually chosen for pipes. with high operating temperature.

They are mounted in a tensioned state: the gutter heating cable is lowered to the very bottom, secured at the bottom with a double bend to prevent freezing of the outlet socket, and then pulled back up. Particular attention should be paid to the receiving funnels: heating elements in them are laid in one or two rings around the perimeter.published

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If you have any questions on this topic, ask them to the experts and readers of our project.

In winter, icing of the roof often occurs and melt water, freezing, forms hanging icicles. But this not only threatens accidents; water frozen in the gutter can destroy it, because water expands when it freezes. Don't be surprised if you see your drainage system burst on a frosty winter morning. In this case, it is necessary to begin repairs, and this, in turn, will lead to unforeseen expenses.

Before the cold winter period begins, care should be taken to ensure that such troubles do not occur. But what can be done to prevent the liquid in drainage systems from freezing and icicles from forming? We will have to organize heating of the drain. This will not only keep it safe, but will also protect you and your household from accidents. A heating cable for the drain will help you with this. Let's figure out which cable for the drain is better to choose, and how you can heat the entire system with your own hands.

Where do ice and icicles come from?

Where does the ice on the roof come from, because in winter it doesn’t rain, and no one pours water on the roof from above. Two factors influence the formation of ice.

Temperature difference between day and night. This factor especially exerts its influence in the early period of spring, when during the day the snow is exposed to solar heat, and it melts on the roof, gradually flowing into the water drainage system. As night falls, the air temperature changes, reaching below zero, as a result of which the melt water begins to freeze. This is how ice forms in gutters and pipes. The same applies to the roof overhang when icicles hang from it. Please note that the entire drain structure is not designed to support additional weight. Even if it does not burst in a certain part due to expansion, it can easily break, unable to withstand the weight of the ice. In this case, you will have to completely change it.

Effect " warm roof» . Developers often do mansard roofs or warm attics. If the roof is poorly insulated, heat loss may occur. It turns out that even in winter, at sub-zero temperatures, the snow begins to melt, since the room is heated and, albeit slightly, the roofing itself heats up. Well, then the scheme is the same as in the first case: flowing down, the water cools and then freezes again. The consequences are the same. But in this case, installing a heating cable in the drainage pipes will not eliminate the problem itself, but only the consequences: the formation of ice and icicles. It is better, of course, to solve the problem itself, and not the symptom, by insulating the roof.

To prevent the roof from heating up in winter, professionals advise doing the so-called cold roof when the ventilated attic is not heated inside. Another point is to correctly perform the roofing pie, where the insulation is selected with sufficient thickness and there is ventilation gap. However, this is not a 100% guarantee that the problem will be completely resolved. For reliability, it is better to heat the drainage system. But the question arises, which cable is better to choose?

Selecting a heating cable

To prevent the formation of ice on eaves and in the drainage system, heating cables are used, which are becoming increasingly popular these days. But how to choose a cable so that it effectively performs its task and is economical? To begin with, it should be noted that there are two types of heating cables on the market that are suitable for heating wastewater:

1. Resistive cable. It looks like a simple cable that consists of a metal core covered with insulation. The peculiarity of the cable is that it has a constant resistance, a constant heating temperature during operation and constant power. The element is heated by connecting the cable to a closed electrical circuit, that is, it operates from an outlet.
2. Self-regulating cable. This type has great potential for heating the roof overhang and water drainage system. It is more technologically advanced than resistive and consists of a matrix (heating self-regulating element), inner and outer insulating shells and shielding braid. The peculiarity of this cable is that the matrix reacts to temperature external environment and when the temperature decreases or increases, it changes the degree of its heating.

When choosing a heating cable, you must take into account the operating conditions, since it will be affected by the external environment and negative temperatures. Please ensure that the outer polymer shell of the product retains its strength and tightness. different conditions. Cables must have the following performance characteristics:

• Work at high humidity. The influence of moisture, which will always be present, should not in any way affect the performance of the entire heating system. You need to carefully insulate the cable connections to ensure a tight seal.
• High mechanical strength. An important indicator, because the outer protective sheath will be subject to various external influences: the heavy weight of the snow cap, hail, birds that want to peck the cable, etc. The sheath must withstand all loads while maintaining integrity.

Any of the two types of cables can effectively heat drains and roof overhangs, because each of them has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. To make the task of choosing a product easier, let's look at these features.

Resistive or self-regulating

The principle of operation of resistive models is that when it is turned on, electrical energy is converted into thermal energy. The main difference between such cables is their affordable cost and reliability during operation. The thing is that the cable design is quite simple. There are single-core models with lower power and double-core models with higher power. Most often, these conductors are made of copper wire. However, so that during operation it does not cause the occurrence of electromagnetic radiation, a special shielding shell is provided. It also performs the function of grounding the wire. To protect the wires from external influences and prevent short circuits, an outer polymer sheath is provided.

Thanks to the strength electric current, which runs through the wires, the surface of the cable heats up, as a result of which it gives off heat to the external environment, in our case, to the gutter and roof overhang for melting snow. Let's also look at some features of the operation of these heating elements:

1. The maximum length of such a cable is about 200 m.
2. It is prohibited to cut the cable when connecting it again, as this may affect its performance. It is recommended to perform all calculations in advance, find out the total footage you need and choose the optimal length of the solid cable.
3. When purchasing, it is much more efficient to immediately purchase a complete set, which contains not only the cable itself, but also control devices and fastenings.

These cables have some significant disadvantages. One of them is high electricity consumption, which will affect your bills. public utilities. To ensure good heating, you need models whose rated power ranges from 100 to 180 W/m.p. Another significant disadvantage is that the conditions in which different parts of the cable may be different. Some section may be in the air, another under foliage, a third under snow, etc. But the catch is that the heat transfer of the entire cable is the same. Therefore, to melt the snow you need a certain amount of heat, which will be wasted in other areas that do not require such heating. It turns out that when heating the roof and gutters, you incur some losses and the heating is ineffective.

An alternative is a variety of such cables with zonal heating of the cable. Due to the design features, the cable is heated not over its entire surface, but only in some areas. Another solution to the problem is to choose cables with different resistances.

Note! The average price of such products mainly depends on their configuration and power. For example, the most ordinary cable without additional equipment can be bought for 100 rubles per 1 m.p.

A self-regulating cable is a completely different matter. This option is much more economical and profitable. It is ideal for heating gutters, since the main advantage of the cable is that it consumes less energy and regulates the current power itself, depending on the external temperature. It also consists of two conductive wires that create a resistive effect. Only these cores are connected by a special matrix, which reacts to temperature fluctuations. The lower the temperature, the more the cable heats up, and vice versa.

But, there is one significant nuance that concerns heating the drain with this cable. The main disadvantage of such cables is their high cost, so installing such a cable for gutters is very expensive. Why? Because in winter the external temperature will always fall below zero. It turns out that the cable will operate around the clock at its maximum power, and there will be practically no possibility of self-regulation. As a result, in terms of functionality, the effectiveness of such a cable is reduced to that of a traditional resistive cable, but you only paid several times more for it.

However, this can be corrected if you additionally purchase a control unit for the incoming current. If you connect such a unit with a temperature sensor, then you can adjust the heating power yourself, depending on the outside air temperature, which gives you special opportunities.

Features of self-regulating cable:

• high cost. Medium models with a power of 15 W/mp. will cost you from 210 rubles per 1 m.p.;
• safety and reliability;
• efficiency and simplicity;
• Over time, the polymer insert will deteriorate, since it has a certain number of operating cycles. After this, the degree of current conductivity will significantly decrease.

Taking into account all the factors given above, you can decide which heating cables to give preference to. It all depends on you and your desire. Professionals recommend combining self-regulating cables with resistive ones, then the efficiency and quality of heating will increase. For example, in the roofing part you can use resistive cables, which have a constant temperature and effectively heat the overhang from snow and ice. But self-regulating cables can be installed in a drainage system in gutters.

Note! If we talk about calculating the power and energy consumption of cables, then for resistive models the best option are products whose power is 18–22 W/m.p. When choosing self-regulating cables, pay attention to models 15–30 W/m.p.

Note! Keep in mind that if your drainage system is made of polymer materials, then the maximum power of such cables is 17 W/mp. and no more. Otherwise, there is a risk that the drain may be damaged by excessive temperature.

Components of a heating system for gutters

You should know that in addition to the heating cables themselves, the heating system also includes other components:

1. Fasteners to secure cables in place.
2. Switchboard. This device includes: three-phase circuit breaker, device protective shutdown systems with a sensitivity of 30 mA, a four-pole contactor, a single-pole circuit breaker for each phase, a thermostat circuit breaker and a signal lamp.
3. Distribution network components: power cables that feed the heating cables, signal cables that connect the thermostat sensors to the control panel, junction boxes and couplings that ensure the tightness of all connections.
4. Thermostat. To regulate the operation of the entire heating cable system, you can use two types of devices: a direct thermostat, which operates the system at a given temperature range, and a weather station. The difference between a weather station is that in addition to the set temperature range, it can control the presence of precipitation and its melting on the roof. It contains not only a temperature sensor, but also a humidity sensor. Some models have both a humidity sensor and a temperature sensor inside.

The thing is that when a conventional thermostat is used in a cable system, you will have to monitor the situation: if there is precipitation on the roof, start the system manually, and if there is no precipitation, turn it off. Thanks to the weather station, the entire work process can be easily automated and time delays for turning off the device can be set. But still, if we talk about price, it is more profitable to buy thermostats and do all the work manually. Now let's find out how to install such a system yourself.

Heating system installation technology

First, let's look at which zones you need to lay heating cables for the water drainage system. These are mainly places where melt water drains and areas where ice forms. What are these places:

1. Gutters. It is mandatory to lay heating cables in gutters in one or more threads along the entire length.
2. Drainpipes extending from gutters. Additionally, the funnels and outlet parts of the pipes, where ice most often forms, should be strengthened. Typically, two strands of cable are placed in the pipe itself.
3. Roof valley. The cable is laid up and down. The length is selected at least 1 m from the start of the overhang, but it is recommended to do this at 2/3 total length valleys.
4. To prevent the formation of icicles and ice on the roof eaves, the wires are laid using the “snake” method. This scheme involves laying a heating cable along the edge of the eaves. It should be taken into account that on hard coverings the pitch of the snake depends on the multiplicity of the pattern, and on soft roofs - depending on the power that the cable produces on square meter. The height of such a triangle is chosen so that cold zones do not form on the surface that is heated. Otherwise, ice may appear in such places.
5. Drip line on the liquid separation line. It is necessary to secure one or two threads, depending on the dimensions and design of the drip.

Now let's take a closer look at how to install a cable heating system for drainage systems. You must install the system in accordance with the following rules:

That's all, now your gutter and roof overhang are heated, which will allow you to solve the problem of water freezing in these places, as well as the formation of snow and icicles. Be careful when performing any work at height. Use a sturdy stepladder or scaffolding.

Video

How to install a CTK cable for heating a drain, see the video:

Hello dear friends!

Today we will talk about the dangers of ice on roofs. Few people know, but every year in Moscow alone more than 300 people die from icicles and more than a thousand are injured. The main risk group, as always, is young children. But there is engineering solution, the widespread use of which would solve this problem once and for all. And his name is . In today’s article I propose to get to know him in more detail.

A heating cable is a wire through which electric current passes. The energy of the electric current is converted into heat, the amount of which directly depends on the resistance of the cable material and the strength of the current.

Designed to prevent the formation of ice on drainage systems.

When is heating needed?

Heating of the drain must be carried out in the off-season - when the first snow falls and in the spring, at the beginning of melting. The temperature outside at this time ranges from -5 to 3˚С. It is at this time that ice and icicles form.

In addition, in country estates there is often a need to warm up external water and sewer pipes.

Why does ice accumulate?

Ice accumulates on the roof and in gutters for several reasons:

• Temperature jumps. The snow lying on the roof first melts and then freezes in the form of icicles;
• Incorrectly calculated roof slope angle;
• Uncleaned gutters. Leaves and dirt clog the drain holes, which prevents the normal outflow of water;
• Warm attic roof. The difference in temperature inside and outside the room leads to the formation of condensation, which freezes and forms ice.

Installing a roof and gutter heating system will help prevent the formation of icicles. With its help the following tasks are solved:

• Ice removal;
• Preventing roof damage due to water accumulation;
• Preventing sudden temperature changes;
• Reducing snow load;
• Roof cleaning;
• Extending the service life of the entire roofing pie.

Principle of operation

The heating system operates automatically, with virtually no user intervention. A special sensor transmits a signal about the temperature of the wires to the regulator, which closes the electrical current supply circuit.

The wire heats up and heats up the gutters.

Heating cable device

Main working part any heating cable is a two-core copper wire coated with a tin or copper protective layer.

The cable is pressed into thermoplastic.

Advantages and disadvantages

Like any engineering solution, a heating cable has a number of pros and cons.

Advantages:

• Fast, uniform heating;
• Long service life - at least 10 years;
• Safety and environmental friendliness;
• The system configuration can be easily changed;
• Quite low power consumption.
• Resistance to external influences.

Flaws:

• The need for accurate, competent calculations;
• The cost of a good cable is quite high.

Types of heating cables

There are 2 types of heating cable.

Resistive

Traditional, simple and inexpensive. It is a high resistance copper wire covered with an insulating layer. The entire length of the product is heated evenly. Ideally, protect the wire with a layer of thermal insulation.

The resistive cable is available in two versions - serial and zonal. Zonal is an improved version of sequential. Its design contains 2 cores, connected at equal intervals with a special wire. These gaps form independent zones, and if one burns out, the others continue to operate normally. If the serial cable burns out, it cannot be restored.

The main advantages of resistive cables are low resistance, ease of installation and operation, and fast heating.

An important nuance is that the heating of the cable is distributed evenly over its entire length, but its temperature in different areas of the roof is different. For example, in severe frost, the part of the wire located in the open air will be colder, and the part located inside the pipe will be warmer.

Self-regulating

Differs more complex device. Inside there are 2 wires placed in a special matrix.

The matrix regulates the resistance of the cores depending on the air temperature. The entire structure is wrapped in several layers of insulation and covered with a shell that protects from external influences. The warmer it is outside, the less the wire heats up, and vice versa.

This option, although more expensive, is more reliable than the resistive one, it does not burn out, does not overheat, and can be divided into sections of the required length.

Shielding

The screen is a protective shell made of aluminum or copper foil. It serves as an additional source of heat distribution, but its main function is to prevent electric shock to a person carrying out repair work.

The design of a shielded conductor is more complex, and therefore the price is higher.

Most often there is a cheap unshielded option on the market. For its safe operation, a residual current device (RCD) is required.

Power and duration

The power of the cable depends on its temperature class.

• Low temperature. Heating up to 65C, power up to 15 W/m;
• Medium temperature conductor. Heats up to 120C, power 10-33W/m;
• High temperature. The most powerful is up to 95W/m, heats up to 190C without problems. Designed for industrial enterprises and large diameter pipes.

It is rational to select a wire of suitable power for different communications; underestimating it will lead to poor heating, and overestimating it will lead to increased energy consumption.

Selecting cable power depending on the diameter of the drain pipes:

• Pipe outer diameter (D) from 15 to 25 mm – power 10 W/m:
• D25-40mm - 16W/m;
• D40-60mm - 24W/m;
• D60-80mm -30W/m;
• D 80-300mm - 40W/m;

Life time

The service life of the cable depends on the operating conditions and the materials from which it is made.

You can bring the service life of products from different manufacturers to a common denominator:

• Resistive - in a screed it lasts up to 50 years, in other conditions - on average 15;
• Self-regulating - “lives” up to 20 years.

Particular attention should be paid to the choice of manufacturer.

Make it yourself or buy it

The range of heating cables in stores is very large. But there are several ways to make a wire with your own hands. Let me give you an example of a home-made cable:

1. We take a two-core copper wire in double insulation and a 300W power supply (a computer one will do), in addition, to measure the parameters you will need a temperature sensor.
2. We connect the wire to the 5V output of the power supply.
3. After 10 minutes, the temperature of the cable will reach approximately 50 C-, this is quite enough to heat the drain.

The advantage of a homemade system is the low cost of the components (all equipment on average costs no more than 1000 rubles), and besides, the cable is easy to repair, it will not burn out or melt. The power supply is very easy to replace if necessary.

Disadvantages: the process is not automated; it is necessary to adjust the temperature manually and periodically check the power supply.

Therefore, the industrial option is still simpler. Professionals recommend installing a combined heating system. In it, the resistive cable is located in areas with the same temperature (roof slope, etc.), and the self-regulating cable is located in gutters, valleys, and pipes.

You can manually turn on the resistive part of the system for convenience.

Do-it-yourself cable making and installation

Drawing and diagrams

Regardless of whether the heating wire was made by yourself or purchased in a store, it is quite possible to install it yourself.

Let me give you a few examples ready-made schemes for different sections of the roof (a little lower in the text: Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3).

Size calculation

Initially, we measure the diameter of the pipes and select the power of the wire. It should be noted that if the roof is reliably thermally insulated, a cable with a power of 25-40 W/m will be sufficient. If the roof is cold, choose a product with at least 40-50 W.

There is another formula for an accurate calculation, in which the length of the cable is added to the length of the heated space and multiplied by 2. The resulting number is the required power.

The resulting power value should be compared with the value recommended based on the physical and technical characteristics of the material used:

• For plastic gutters-minimum 20 W per linear meter;
• for metal gutters - minimum 25 W;
• for wooden gutters – minimum 18 W.

If the cable in the anti-icing system is laid using the spiral piping method, its length must be calculated using the following formula:

Overall Length = Pipe Length x Spiral Factor.

The spiral pitch is determined depending on the pipe diameter using special tables.

Fig.1. Laying cables along the edge of the roof:

Fig.2. Installation in gutters and pipes:

Fig.3. Placement in valleys:

Installation video

Some useful videos for clarity:

A budget option:

Installation features

Installation of a heating system for roof communications should be carried out taking into account the following rules and in the following sequence:

1. It is necessary to take care of the presence of a temperature change controller, a power supply with a temperature sensor, and a precipitation control sensor;
2. A wire of the required length is prepared according to measurements and diagrams. Ideally, install the cable before installing the top layer of the roof and finishing;
3. The cable is tied into bundles using special clamps and then laid in trays and pipes. The cable at the edge of the roof is mounted in a zigzag, secured using special clamps;
4. The heating cable is secured in gutters and pipes using mounting tape, in stripes across. If a heated drain or sewage pipe longer than 6 m, the wire is first attached to a sheathed metal cable, and then the entire structure is lowered into the pipe;
5. To heat drainpipes, lay 2 pieces of the required power at the same time. Installation is carried out from above and below.
6. The place where the wire is attached must be inspected for sharp edges and unnecessary objects;
7. Thermostat sensors are fixed;
8. The control panel is installed;
9. Commissioning works are being carried out.

Frequent errors and problems during installation

Installing a heating system is not difficult, but common errors occur during assembly:

• The cable cannot be secured using self-tapping screws, steel strips, wire, vinyl tape, or tape. Sealant and mounting tape are always required;
• Incorrectly selected power is fraught with either high costs or ineffectiveness of the system;
• The wires must not be twisted, otherwise a short circuit will occur;
• Any connection should be carefully insulated from moisture;

Common problems:

• Circuit breaker malfunction;
• Malfunction of the residual current device;
• Poor quality braided cable termination;
• Low voltage, hence the reduction in heating power;
• Mechanical damage;
• Overheating (resistive version);

Service

Maintenance of the system comes down to monitoring its operation, periodically checking all sensors and visually inspecting its integrity.