Decorative bird cherry. Types and varieties of bird cherry

One day we needed to plant hedge from some fast growing plant. We began to find out more details and settled on red-leaved bird cherry. We found them, planted seedlings and went about other things.

Natural conditions on garden plot were extreme: dry, depleted soil, lack of significant rain, strong winds, the frosty winter is more than 45, the layer of snow in winter is 20 cm. Therefore, we did not particularly expect feats from the bird cherry, we planted it and let it grow little by little.

At the time of planting in 2009, the seedlings were 50 cm high.

The next year they grew to 80 cm.

In 2011, their height was already 1.5 meters.

Then we somehow didn’t pay much attention to the red-leaved bird cherry for two years. And in 2013, in the fourth year of planting, we approached the hedge and discovered that the height of these ornamental trees was already more than three meters!

After another two years, the bird cherry tree had grown to five meters.

And in 2016 its height was about 7 meters. That is, its growth per year is about one meter!

By the way, it fulfilled its role - those apple trees that were protected by the hedge began to bear fruit. And those who were at the end of the plot, where there was no hedge, grow poorly and bear very little fruit.

If you need a fast growing decorative tree, then red-leaved bird cherry is very a good option. Its average height at adulthood will be 5-7 meters, depending on the variety, planting conditions and development. If you wish, you can limit the height to the level you need - just trim the branches every year.

Growth speed is the main advantage of this type of tree, but it is not the only one.

Its second feature is the decorativeness of the foliage, which has a dark burgundy tint. Thanks to this, this decorative tree stands out from its green counterparts, attracts attention and brings color variety to the garden plot.

The third feature is the change in foliage color throughout the season. Most other trees have foliage of one color, mostly green. The situation with red-leaved bird cherry is different. In spring, leaves bloom on it, the same green color as those of its neighbors. During this period, we like to present a brain challenge to our friends - we take them to the plant and tell them its name “red-leaved bird cherry.” After this, they think for a long time and some then ask why its leaves are green.

But by the end of June this fun ends, because this plant changes the color of its foliage from green to dark burgundy. And after that the following begins to appear

The fourth feature is that new growths are then formed with green foliage. There is a tree, on it there are branches with dark foliage, and at the tips there are green leaves. Agree that it is beautiful.

But the features don’t end there, the fifth in a row - the berries on it are very tasty and sweet. Our bird cherry began to bear fruit in the sixth year. Perhaps the first fruits appeared earlier, we somehow did not pay attention to this. But here in 2015 there were simply a lot of them. In the fall, we walked along the site, came to the usual green-leaved bird cherry, ate a few berries and moved on. We approached the red-leaved bird cherry, picked and ate a berry, and after that we couldn’t stop. They turned out to be so tasty and sweet that after tasting them, upon arriving at the garden plot, we immediately went to the red-leaved bird cherry to feast on its fruits.

The sixth feature is that its berries are twice as large as those of ordinary bird cherry, but the seeds are almost the same size. That is, there is much more pulp in the berry.

In the photographs on the left are the berries of ordinary bird cherry, and on the right are red-leaved ones.

The seventh feature is that the berries are not tart, do not set the teeth on edge, unlike ordinary bird cherry, and do not “knit” the mouth.

The eighth feature is the “dry release” of the berries; they easily come off the hand and do not stain your hand.

Ninth, decorative feature- some varieties of this tree have a beautiful, compact pyramidal crown. Therefore, it can be planted in a limited area; it will easily fit into the gap between other plants and will not interfere with them with its branches.

And in conclusion, the last tenth feature of the red-leaved bird cherry. She is very unpretentious. Over six years of development in extreme conditions and without watering, it grew by six meters. In our two plots it was never touched by any pests or diseases.

If you need to quickly isolate yourself from your neighbors with a beautiful hedge, then this can be done with the help of red-leaved bird cherry. In just three years you will have a hedge at least three meters high.

In the Central Siberian Botanical Garden (CSBS), work with bird cherry trees began a long time ago, when the first virginian bird cherry hybrids were obtained. Bird cherry is interesting both as a fruit crop and as an ornamental one. Currently, 9 edible varieties of bird cherry and 6 ornamental varieties are registered under the authorship of CSBS.

In the breeding of bird cherry, the main emphasis was placed on obtaining hybrids of virgin bird cherry and common bird cherry (carpal). The first variety bred at TsSBS was named in Memory of Salamatov - in honor of the scientist who studied and selected the bird cherry crop. The fruits of this variety reach a weight of 0.9-1.0 g, have decent taste, and the variety bears fruit consistently.

Description of bird cherry

Bird cherry is one of the most winter-hardy of the stone fruit plants. It can withstand almost any frost that occurs in the harsh West Siberian climate.

Bird cherry is not afraid of freezing; its wood is absolutely resistant to frost, withstanding up to 50 °C. Overwhelmingly different kinds and bird cherry forms do not freeze and are completely winter-hardy.

However, bird cherry is very vulnerable to any frost in the state of loose buds and flowers. During this period, it is more unstable than apple, cherry, plum and other similar crops. The ovaries are damaged and fruits are not formed.

Bird cherry is a cross-pollinated crop; for pollination it needs insects and good weather conditions. For bird cherry, return frosts in May are not as dangerous as rainy, cool weather when there is no summer of insects. If there is poor pollination on the bird cherry tree, then there will be no harvest.

Therefore, when choosing a bird cherry variety, it is so important to take into account the timing of its flowering. It is good for Siberia if the bird cherry blossoms at a later date.
According to observations, an adult tree (7-8 years old and older) produces good harvest from 20 to 40 kg of fruit. If the harvest is poor, bird cherry will produce 10-12 kg. It begins to bear fruit 3 years after planting.

Where to buy bird cherry seedlings

Bird cherry seedlings, including new and improved hybrids and varieties, can be purchased at the Central Siberian Botanical Garden (Novosibirsk). The new generation of hybrids has a wide choice of flavors and fruit weight is 20-30% greater than that of existing varieties.

Decorative bird cherry

The main properties of decorative bird cherry:

• - high winter hardiness;
• - regular flowering (even during frosts);
• - original coloring of flowers and leaves.

Bird cherry varieties

The most interesting hybrids and varieties are obtained from crossing various forms bird cherry: the Colorado variety with intensely colored leaves and pinkish-lilac flowers, the common bird cherry variety with soft pink blooms, a sample of the virginian cherry from America, the color of the leaves of which changes during the season from light green to purple-red.

The varieties bred at TsSBS based on the above samples differ from each other in crown shape and growth vigor. Usually the bird cherry tree reaches a height of 6-8 m. If you want it to be lower, you need to shape the crown accordingly and carry out regular pruning in height. You can create the crown shape you like. This is achieved by appropriate pruning, bending and tying the branches so that they do not grow upward, but to the sides.

Bird cherry variety Purple differs in the shape of the crown - it is narrow pyramidal, reminiscent of a candle.

Bird cherry variety Siberian Beauty - the tallest. Its crown is quite wide.

Bird cherry variety Red tent It can be used as a food variety - it blooms intensively and bears fruit abundantly, provided there is sufficient pollination. The variety has a wider crown, but the color intensity is slightly less.

Bird cherry variety Slender It is distinguished by its bright summer-autumn red foliage and soft pink flowers.

Bird cherry variety Cloud stands out for its lush white flowers. If the common bird cherry has a flower diameter of 16-17 mm, the flowers of the Cloud reach a diameter of 26 mm. Very large flowers and fruits, but does not have a large harvest.

Bird cherry varieties Red season the most original variety in its decorativeness. It combines the red foliage of the Colorado variety and the Virginia Schubert cherry variety. Intense leaf color is observed throughout the season: red leaves and pinkish-lilac flowers, then the plant begins to turn slightly green, then again acquires a purple color, and this continues until the end of the season. A weak-growing variety, it will grow up to 3-4 m in height.

Diseases and pests of bird cherry

Bird cherry is unlucky - many amateur gardeners consider it a breeding ground for diseases and pests, as if aphids move from it to other plants. There are quite simple and effective control measures against all these pests: manual collection, agrotechnical prevention methods, and the use of effective pesticides.

Aphid on bird cherry

Bird cherry is really affected by aphids, just like other plants in the garden. But the aphid on bird cherry is a separate species of aphid (and there are a lot of them in nature), which does not even think of moving to other plants. Aphids appear on bird cherry trees quite early, which is why it is believed that the annoying pest comes from the bird cherry tree to feast on other crops.

In my experience of working with bird cherry more than 40 times, I can safely say that during all this time, aphids on bird cherry have intensively colonized 5 times, no more. Therefore, aphids on bird cherry trees are still not common.

Bugs on bird cherry

For edible cherries big problem represent bedbugs. However, if there is no large area of ​​plantings, and the site is located in an open area, you don’t have to be afraid of bedbugs.

Plant bugs in large quantities infect young bird cherry fruits, sucking the juices out of them. As a result, the berries have neither size nor taste, they simply fall off.

Weevil on bird cherry

The bird cherry weevil lays in each young bird cherry fruit ovum, a larva emerges from it, and the larva begins to eat the seed. The seed sets the development program for the fruit, so if the seed is eaten, the fruit quickly collapses or turns out small and sour.

The bird cherry weevil can also attack cherries.

Hawthorn on bird cherry

Of the pests, the hawthorn is the most annoying to the bird cherry. At the same time, the hawthorn only harms the bird cherry and does not creep onto other trees and shrubs in the garden.

Hawthorn is a large white butterfly with black streaks on its leaves. She has massive yo goes in mid-June. At this time, she lays eggs on leaves in groups of several dozen. They hatch into small (about 1 cm or less in length), but voracious caterpillars. They gnaw the leaves, roll them up, and go to bed. At this time, they do not cause much harm, besides the fact that the aesthetic properties of the plant are noticeably reduced. The leaves on the bird cherry tree simply dry out, and the caterpillar nests hang on the cobwebs.

Hawthorn caterpillars spend the winter in these nests, and in the spring they come out of their hibernation, begin to grow quickly and eat everything green - leaves, flowers, buds. A fairly large caterpillar, 3-4 cm long, grows, then it quickly pupates and butterflies hatch immediately.

The fight against hawthorn on bird cherry is very simple, no chemicals are needed. In the fall, you need to collect all the nests and burn them. On the other hand, collecting all the caterpillars from a large, tall plant is not so easy. Therefore, you need to shape the bird cherry so as to reach the highest branches.

If you were unable to collect everything and burn it, in the spring, when the caterpillars emerge from their nests, you need to treat the bird cherry chemicals– insecticides. Spraying is usually carried out 2 weeks before flowering.

Bird cherry moniliosis

Bird cherry is susceptible to some fungal diseases - moniliosis or gray rot, which appears on leaves and inflorescences in the spring. The disease is more common than the mass spread of aphids. When bird cherry is infected with moniliosis, its young shoots, tassels with flowers and set fruits begin to sag and dry out. At the same time, you need to understand that moniliosis is a group of diseases, and the species name of the pathogen differs for different crops. Thus, cherries, for example, have a different causative agent of moniliosis, they do not exchange with each other, the diseases are specific.

Why does bird cherry give you a headache?

If you put a large one in the room beautiful bouquet bird cherry and close the windows tightly, you will wake up with a headache. Therefore, it is better not to place large bird cherry bouquets in a small room, and to ventilate the home more often. At the same time, people have different sensitivity to phytoncides: what some may not feel is a serious problem for others.

Bird cherry produces quite a lot of substances with high physiological activity. If the concentration of released substances is high, unpleasant physiological sensations appear ( headache), but there is nothing dangerous about it.

There are other plants related to bird cherry, in which this same property is much more pronounced. For example, Pennsylvania cherry. If you put it in a bouquet in a room, a terrible headache is guaranteed. Magolep cherry, which grows in more southern and warmer places, has an even more pronounced aroma.

Appearance new varieties of bird cherry returns the interest of gardeners to this interesting fruit crop. Through selection, plants with completely new properties and taste characteristics were bred. What varieties can be purchased in garden centers today? How to plant and care for them? I guess, that this information will be of interest to many summer residents.

What's new among traditional bird cherry varieties?

Typically, among the cultivated varieties of garden bird cherry, three main types are distinguished:

• Common bird cherry - this species blooms quite luxuriantly and produces abundant harvests;
• Virgin - has a later flowering period and produces more stable berry yields;
• Late bird cherry differs from the previous ones in that the fruits ripen exactly one month later.

But years of work by breeders, conjuring the main types of bird cherry and cultivated varieties of cherries, have made it possible to develop the most popular varieties. Their main distinguishing features are resistance to various diseases and pests, as well as the absolute absence of a tart and astringent taste. In addition, they managed to significantly enlarge the fruits.

New popular varieties of bird cherry

Dense bird cherry. This variety is early ripening. Usually its fruits have a small mass, only about 0.7 g. The shape of the fruit is rounded and flattened. The color of the fruit is dark brown. The variety has a slightly tart, sweet-sour taste. One adult plant can produce about 15 kg of such tasty fruits. In addition, this variety of bird cherry is considered one of the most decorative varieties. It is distinguished by its high winter hardiness.

Variety In Memory of Salamatov. This is a fairly winter-hardy, medium-early ripening plant. The fruits have the most pleasant taste, without a single hint of astringency. The weight of the fruits of this bird cherry variety reaches 1 gram. And an adult tree itself can produce up to 35-45 kg of excellent berries.

Self-fertile bird cherry. Another large-fruited variety, characterized by high winter hardiness and early fruit ripening. The fruits have a sweet and sour taste, are slightly astringent and slightly tart. They have a characteristic black color. Growing alone, the plant is capable of producing rich harvests.

Bird cherry Sakhalin. A new, very winter-hardy variety. Excellent adaptation characteristics allow this species to be grown even in the very harsh conditions of the Far North. The berries have a sweet taste with notes of tartness and viscosity. Ripens quite early. An adult plant can regularly produce 17 kg of excellent harvest.

Dawn. The bird cherry variety of Siberian selection, early ripening, is characterized by high winter hardiness. The adult plant itself is small. It usually grows up to three meters, which is undoubtedly convenient when harvesting. The taste of the berries is sweet and sour, slightly tart.

Planting bird cherry and caring for bird cherry

When planning to plant one of the new varieties of bird cherry on your site, you should take into account their light-loving nature. The plant should not be placed in shaded areas. It will certainly be able to grow there. But all the fruits will end up at the top, since the tree in such conditions will strive upward. At the same time, its crown will noticeably thin out as it extends.

» Bird cherry

Our ancestors also planted bird cherry trees near the house. And not only because it blooms beautifully and exudes a wonderful aroma. During flowering, the tree releases phytoncides into the air, which have a detrimental effect on pathogenic bacteria. It was believed that standing in the shade of a tree could ward off illness. Let's take a closer look at the varieties of common bird cherry and its areas of application.

The tree blooms in May or early June. Flowers collected in oblong inflorescences smell pleasant and attract bees. Bird cherry is an excellent honey plant. This is another reason why they tried to plant near houses or on personal plots. The tree or shrub is widespread throughout Russia: from the European part to Siberia and the Far East. That is why, along with the birch, it can be considered a symbol of the Central Russian Plain.

The most common type is the common bird cherry, also called carpal bird. She throws out clusters of white inflorescences. Of the 20 tree varieties, 7 are cultivated on our territory. Of these, decorative species stand out. Their unusually beautiful inflorescences, from yellowish multi-colored to double pink, are used in landscape design for decorating garden and park compositions and personal plots.

The bird cherry with white flowers is more familiar to us. There is a popular belief that when the bird cherry blossoms, you can start sowing wheat and planting potatoes. There is an opinion that when a tree blooms, the air is freshest and cleanest. Flowering is also associated with temporary cooling, “bird cherry cold.”

But for most people, fragrant flowering symbolizes the renewal of nature and an optimistic spring mood.

What types of bird cherry are there?

In addition to the common bird cherry familiar to everyone, The Virgin Cherry variety has taken root. This beautiful plant migrated from North America.

Virginskaya

The tree grows up to 15 meters. Unlike the brush cherry, which has black fruits, the virginia bunches of berries are dark red.. Blooms with white inflorescences. The plant looks especially impressive in autumn. The leaves turn burgundy-red. Well tolerated hot weather and winter. Loves moist soils and light. Propagates from seeds and root shoots. Virgin bird cherry has several varieties, depending on the type of fruit (black, yellow, light red). The shape of the tree is low-growing and with drooping branches (weeping bird cherry).

Common Colorata

It looks more like a bush, as it reaches a height of up to 5 meters. The unusual leaves, colored in shades of purple and red in spring, turn green by summer. In autumn the foliage turns red again. But the plant is especially beautiful during the flowering period. Lush inflorescences Pink colour with a delicate almond aroma. The twigs and bark also have a purple tint. It sends out shoots from the root, so it reproduces easily. Loves moisture, light, tolerates winter well. Like most types of bird cherry, it is susceptible to spring frosts. Black fruits ripen by August.

Late

Main growing area North America, but has taken root in the temperate latitudes of our country. Powerful tree with a well-developed crown up to 20 meters. Bright green foliage in summer, turning yellow-red in autumn period

. It is called “late” because it blooms 2 weeks later, in late May-early June. Black round fruits ripen at the end of August. The fruits are twice as large as those of ordinary bird cherry, juicier and without an astringent aftertaste. It is also called “rum cherry” due to its dessert taste. It makes delicious tinctures. The tree is highly self-fertile, tolerates winter well, and has a powerful root system.

Antipka (Magalebskaya) An amazing shrub with powerful roots that can live up to 200 years . Not picky about soil, can grow on rocky slopes. The Middle East and Europe are considered their homeland. The value of this variety is that it is perfect for cherry rootstock. Since bird cherry belongs to the plum family. The bush is used to strengthen crumbling slopes. The bark of the shrub contains coumarin, an aromatic substance used in perfumery. Small white inflorescences cover the entire bush during flowering, emitting a pleasant aroma

. The fruits are small and black.

Squamous It has taken root well in middle and northern latitudes. Is different abundant flowering . Dark fruits Brown have a sweet-sour and tart taste. High yield and early date ripening and winter hardiness make the tree suitable for growing in cold climates..

A tree up to 5 meters high produces up to 15 kg of berries

Self-fertile and Sakhalin (Siberian cherries) Early ripening varieties, the berries ripen in July, bred by Siberian breeders. They tolerate frosts well.. Resistant to diseases. They easily tolerate spring frosts. Trees with a powerful crown up to 8 meters bloom with large white inflorescences. The varieties differ in the taste of the berries.

Small-serrated Amanogova (sakura)

Sakura Amanogova has the most beautiful blossoms. Bird cherry belongs to the genus of plums, according to its species characteristics it belongs to cherry.. Therefore, the famous Japanese sakura is also a bird cherry. Finely serrated Amonogova is a dome-shaped decorative tree. Double white and pink flowers cover the entire tree. Extraordinary beautiful bloom and delicate aroma glorified sakura as one of the miracles created by nature.

Ssyori (Far Eastern, Ainu)

A beautiful powerful tree reaching 10 to 20 meters in height. Distribution area Kurile Islands and Sakhalin. When the inflorescences bloom, they are colored red-purple, later turning white. The length of the inflorescence is up to 15 centimeters, with a beautiful bell-shaped flower shape and a delicate aroma. Large berries up to 12 mm.

Healing properties of wood

ABOUT healing properties The plants contained in the bark, leaves and berries were known to healers in ancient times.

Therefore, they were actively used for treatment:

• phytoncides, which are contained in the bark of the tree, were used in the form of decoctions or made tinctures. The bark was removed in thin strips in the spring. Used as an anti-inflammatory, anti-fever and diaphoretic. Tinctures help well with rheumatism.

The bark and leaves contain hydrocyanic acid, so you need to be extremely careful in dosages.

• for lung diseases A decoction of leaves and flowers is useful. An infusion of flowers treats the mucous membranes of the eyes. The bark is used to treat rheumatism;

• fruits are a storehouse of vitamins and useful elements. Vitamins P, the so-called flavonoids, strengthen the walls of blood vessels. Amygdalin (B17, most abundant in bones) is used as an antitumor and anticancer substance. Sugars, citric acid, ascorbic acid, malic acid, essential and fatty oils (in the seeds), mineral elements, including molybdenum and titanium, are contained in the fruits. Therefore, they are used as a restorative remedy for many stomach diseases and colds. Tannins and astringents from the fruit are used to combat diarrhea;

It is thanks to these properties that bird cherry has found application in medicine and home cooking.

Use in cooking

Bird cherry is widely used in cooking. The berries are inferior in taste to their relatives - cherries and plums due to their slightly astringent taste and sourness, but they are healthy for the body and aromatic.

Dried berries are ground into flour. Used as an additive to bakery products. The baked goods acquire a delicate delicate aroma.

Use:

• a cake is baked from bird cherry flour;
• make delicious bird cherry kvass;
• tinctures and liqueurs are made on its basis;
• fresh berries are an excellent filling for pies;
• make jelly, fruit drinks, syrups;
• young leaves can be used for salads;
• make tea;
• making jam.

Bird cherry is especially valuable for the northern regions, where berries that can be grown in temperate latitudes cannot ripen.

Bird cherry is widespread throughout our country. It pleases with its flowering and delicate aroma. Used in medicine and cooking. Gardeners plant varieties new selection. Decorative tree species are used in landscape gardening. Poets and writers wrote about bird cherry with warmth and love.

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