Passenger transportation and its planning. Your own business: How to open passenger transportation

Running your own business means working 80 hours a week so you don't have to work 40 hours a week for someone else. (Ramona Arnett)

One of newest types business is transporting passengers. There are quite a lot of companies on the market for these services, but they do not compete with each other. There are several types of transportation and each company occupies its own niche in this business. Owners of passenger transportation companies offer their services, and people use them. To build a business plan for a given business, it is necessary to focus on its profitability. And for this it is necessary to very carefully consider all the details and nuances.

Short description

There are several types of passenger transportation:

• urban transport,
• intercity transport,
• Taxi.

The experience of many companies has proven that this type of business is very profitable. And to do this, you can endure some period of inconvenience associated with preparing the necessary documentation for starting a business. This is the first stage of starting a business.

1. society with limited liability(if there is a wide range of services)
2. self employed.

To complete the preparation of the company, it is necessary to obtain a license to transport passengers, select drivers, and create a business plan for the profitable development of the company.

Service list

We ask passengers to start kissing right now so that the plane departs on time. (Advertisement at New Orleans Airport)

The main purpose of the passenger transportation business is to transport passengers to their destination different types transport.

An analysis of the choice of mode of transport by passengers showed that the bus is one of the most popular modes of transport. Analysis of the financial side of bus maintenance shows that it is a highly profitable vehicle.

An undoubted advantage is the fact that the bus can be used both within the city and on intercity trips. This affects the profitability of the entire company, so bus transportation is recommended to be included in the list of services.

There is one more additional view income - provision of a bus for advertising on its body. Product advertising attracts the attention of the population not only to the advertised product, but also to transport company, which has a positive effect on business development.

Room area

The business plan for passenger transportation must include information about the availability of the necessary office space. When choosing a room, it is necessary to take into account that there must be a large area nearby for arranging a parking lot or an indoor garage. A prerequisite for arranging a parking lot is that it is fenced off and an alarm system is installed. It is also necessary to provide for maintenance of your cars in the parking lot.

Organization employees

One of the key personnel for such a company is drivers. The number of personnel required will depend on the number of vehicles for transportation. Because Passenger Transportation- a very responsible type of service and can be quite dangerous to the life and health of passengers, it is necessary to hire competent, reliable and experienced drivers.

And we can say with confidence that the profit of the entire organization will depend on the work of the drivers.

Because if the driver is not reliable and raises doubts among passengers, they will not use this transport. So, for example, a mandatory requirement for hiring GAZ bus drivers is three years of work experience and preferably driving a GAZelle.

Advertising

In principle, like any business, passenger transportation also needs to be advertised. Naturally, the most best advertising is the high-quality organization of the enterprise itself: these include competent drivers, cleaning of car interiors, well-thought-out routes, and adherence to work schedules.

Expenses for the passenger transportation business

To make your passenger transportation business profitable, you need to carefully prepare a financial plan. The plan will take into account all the nuances of the business, from purchased vehicles to the selection and calculation of the required fuel. All this is very important for profitability, because this is what an organization is created for.

For example, Ford's fuel consumption is less than that of a GAZelle (twelve liters versus eighteen per thousand kilometers), so Fords are more profitable for the organization. Great importance has a route, which also affects costs and income. According to financial plan The cost per bus is calculated. There are two types of costs: fixed and one-time.

One-time costs include:

• legal preparation of a package of documents for opening a business - forty-six thousand rubles;
• purchase required quantity new cars - one million eight hundred thousand rubles.

Fixed costs include:

• rental of the selected route - more than twenty thousand rubles,
• fuels and lubricants - from fifty thousand rubles,
• salary for employees: driver, conductor vehicle- fifty thousand rubles.

Income

If we assume that the bus load will be around eighty percent, and the fare is fifteen rubles, then the revenue will be twenty-two thousand rubles if the driver performs fourteen trips.

Conclusion

We can call this business the fastest payback, since in three and a half months we should reach the break-even point. It will be more profitable if you engage not only in passenger transportation, but also in cargo transportation.

Vehicle owners are increasingly thinking about the question: how to effectively and efficiently use their vehicles. Is it profitable to build a business transporting passengers and what needs to be done to make this idea work great? We offer an action plan on how to open your own passenger transportation business and how to accurately calculate the profitability ratio of this project.

The business of transporting passengers over short and long distances (and even abroad) falls into the category entrepreneurial activity with minimal probability of going bankrupt. The reasons are clear to everyone - passenger transport is always needed!

Such a basis for starting a company is more than inspiring. And if a novice entrepreneur is an experienced driver, well versed in automotive technology, able to competently calculate the profitability of his activities, logically justify successes and failures, draw conclusions and implement them in practice - such a driver will definitely become a millionaire in the near future!

It is on the comments of successful business drivers that this article was compiled. This is a tremendous help to all those who dream of realizing their skills/talents and achieving financial independence.

A business building strategy involves identifying and taking into account factors that will contribute (or absolutely hinder!) making a profit from business activities.

• Demand for passenger transportation or search for an alternative transport services in this territory;
• Transport and all related expenses;
• Options for registering a business with state tax authorities and the amount of tax payments.

We propose to consider these three factors in the context of individual entrepreneurial activity, i.e. without organizing a large company (and registering it as a legal entity) to carry out passenger transportation.

If you are planning to open a company, then registration costs and operating expenses will increase several times, but the potentially expected profit will also be significantly greater.

You should deal with each of these points carefully, analyze the possibilities and choose what will be most beneficial specifically for your case.

A passenger transportation business must be opened where people have a need for this service. For example, if you live in a small village located 10 km from the city, and each resident of the village has their own transport, then with 100% confidence we can say that the business of transporting passengers will not justify itself.

A more optimistic situation is when the number of people in an urban settlement is more than 5,000, and a third of them are people of working age who are employed in the nearest urban center, located at least 50 km from the specified urban settlement. Thus, it is not difficult to calculate that up to 1,500 people can be potential clients every day.

Of course, such an urban-type settlement necessarily already has a passenger carrier, but are its services sufficient for the timely transportation of all interested passengers, is there excessive workload in the transport carrier - the answer to these questions will determine the degree of demand for another competitor carrier in the given area .

IN big city There are always enough options to effectively use your transport. But, of course, it is worth paying attention to the competition. It is the competitors (their services, cost and other conditions of transport offers) that to a greater extent Your performance on these points will also be adjusted.

In the format of an individual emergency, it is quite effective to provide passenger transportation services using your own vehicle without being tied to a specific territory.

For example, in the summer, organize trips to the sea, carry out excursion trips, private orders for delivering people to a specific destination, wedding transportation, etc.

Of course, if the idea of ​​a business plan for the transportation of passengers is focused only on irregular seasonal transportation, then the return on all investments and costs for opening such an emergency will take longer than if transport operates every day all year round.

When the issue with the demand for passenger transport for a given territory is resolved, it is necessary to deal with transport. How many passenger seats do you need to buy a car for to ensure high profitability? The axiom “the more places the better” does not always work. Because the passenger capacity of the bus directly depends on the overall dimensions of the vehicle, which means it also affects fuel costs, maintenance, tax payments etc.

How to choose the right type of transport:

• If you plan to carry out passenger transportation only, then you will need to buy a bus;
• When in the future we also provide cargo transportation services, then purchasing a minibus or minivan (for example, GAZ, Mercedes Sprinter, Peugeot Boxer, Citroen Jumper, Fiat Ducato, Ford Transit) or another type of cargo-passenger transport will be a profitable transport option.

The second option for using vehicles is more rational, because will allow you to have not only income from transporting passengers, but also additional income from transporting goods. By the way, if regular passenger transportation involves the driver’s dependence on the established travel schedule, then cargo transportation is unplanned events/orders that arise spontaneously, which means their execution time can be adjusted by the driver.

When choosing a vehicle, experienced drivers will give preference to vehicles with lower fuel consumption per 100 km, vehicles from reliable auto brands with greater wear resistance, a high level of comfort for passengers and the driver (high ceiling, soft seats, luggage compartment, air conditioning in the cabin) and other amenities.

In the event that there is already transport and the owner is looking through alternatives for its high-quality use, this is one scenario for business development.

But, often, a passenger transportation business is planned from scratch, i.e. no vehicles. How to buy transport?

Let's pretend that Money there is no need to buy a new car, then there are two solutions:

• Buy a new car on credit;
• Buy a used car for little cash.

It is impossible to determine which of these solutions is wiser and more rational. It all depends on the specific situation and the nuances that arise. But each of these solutions has certain positive/negative characteristics.

A new car on credit will require monthly payments to repay the loan over several years, which means it will be reduced by this amount net profit. But for such a machine there is practically no danger of unexpected breakdowns and repair costs. As additional positive points You can clearly indicate the warranty period for a certain number of kilometers + service.

When buying a used car, there is no guarantee that this vehicle will flawlessly perform its tasks. long time. Major and minor breakdowns, and, consequently, unplanned downtime and expenses due to repairs - you should be prepared for such situations. They can not only greatly increase the payback period of a business, but also cause significant damage to both the finances and the authority of the entrepreneur.

So, the issues with vehicles and their beneficial use have been resolved. Now, in order to avoid trouble with the law and penalties, you should choose the type of business activity. You can register yourself as a private entrepreneur, or you can open law firm with more than 50 employees. In order to competently resolve all issues with the legalization of business activities, it is necessary to promptly contact the tax authority at the applicant’s place of registration.

The main differences between a private enterprise (individual enterprise) and an LLC (limited liability company, which is a legal entity) in the following circumstances:

• Registration of a private entrepreneur (IP) is a little simpler and faster than opening an LLC;
• The financial costs of registering a private enterprise are lower than when registering an LLC;
• Tax reporting and the amount of monthly tax payments is carried out according to a simplified scheme in a state of emergency - in an LLC there is much more complex circuit tax reporting.

The conclusion is clear: if you do not have experience in individual entrepreneurship, then it is easier and more reliable to open a small private enterprise in the first stages of activity.

IN Federal service According to transport supervision, it is necessary to obtain a license for passenger transportation. This document is issued to a private entrepreneur engaged in passenger transportation for a period of 5 years and requires timely renewal upon expiration of this period.

To avoid time delays, for the first and all subsequent cases of obtaining/renewing a license, prepare the following package of documents in advance:

• Application for obtaining/renewing a license, as well as certified copies of all constituent documents of your private enterprise (passport general director enterprise, charter, certificate of individual entrepreneur or legal entity, extract from the Unified State Register of Entrepreneurs or Unified State Register of Legal Entities) + documents for renting an office and garage box. If it is not the owner who applies for a license, then a notarized power of attorney for this entity will also be required;
• MTPL insurance policy for each work vehicle + passports of the technical equipment used + the presence of Russian GLONASS navigation systems and tachographs in each vehicle (this is a mandatory equipment for passenger vehicles, which will help track travel time, speed and other technical aspects in accordance with the decree of the Russian government);
• Certificate of registration technical means in the traffic police + GTO coupon + Agreement with a car service center (a center for monitoring the good condition of vehicles);
• Drivers' documents (driving licenses category B, D1, medical certificates, work books confirming at least three years of experience in passenger transportation);
• Certified copies of documents confirming that the owner has passed a state of emergency or officials Legal entities who are responsible for ensuring security traffic, corresponding certification;
• By law, before a trip, the driver’s health is required to be checked by a medical professional: an agreement with a licensed medical professional who will perform a daily pre-trip examination of all drivers is also necessary;
• Details of the bank with which you have a service agreement;
• If your carrier company leases vehicles, then a vehicle rental agreement will also be required;
• Receipt of payment of the cash fee for obtaining a license.

Failure to comply with the rules for preparing/providing these documents entails a delay in obtaining a license for passenger transportation, and carrying out passenger transportation without a license is subject to huge fines under the Law of the Russian Federation.

The following may request a license to transport passengers from the driver or owner of the carrier company: public services, such as a road safety inspection, customs service, etc. A special check to determine whether the carrier has a license and its validity period is carried out every 2 years by specialists from the Federal Service.

The main points for opening a motor transport business for transporting passengers are listed, all Required documents prepared and submitted to the authorized bodies to obtain a license. Now we propose to do a general calculation of the profitability of the planned business activity. In other words, how much pure income can you receive.

The formula is simple:

Estimated profit for the month - Total costs = Net profit.

Calculating the expected profit within a month for daily passenger transportation is very simple. Let's say you are using a car from the domestic auto industry, GAZelle, of the latest modifications with a maximum number of passenger seats of up to 13 pcs. It is necessary to transport passengers from city A to city B, the distance between which is 100 km. During the day, you can make 2 trips from city A to city B and back using GAZelle.

The cost of travel in motor transport is regulated by the state and maximum tariffs have been established for the transportation of passengers and luggage on suburban and intercity buses. The cost of travel on your route cannot exceed the tariff limits established by law. To determine what the price of a one-way ticket for your route might be, let’s take a similar situation - for example, the cost of a ticket from Voskresensk and Podolsk, Moscow region. The distance between these cities is 100 km, and the minimum ticket price according to carrier tariffs is 5,300 rubles.

When transporting 13 passengers one way you can receive:

• 5,300 rub. x 13 passengers = 68,900 rubles.
• And back - for as long. Those. for one trip from city A to city B and back, the vehicle income will be equal to 137,800 rubles.
• During the day we make 2 trips in both directions, i.e. 137,800 x 2 = 274,000 rubles.
• In a month, GAZelle will earn: 271,000 x 30 days = 8,130,000 rubles in profit.

Calculating total costs

Let us determine the net profit indicator, i.e. subtract the amount of expenses from income.

Travel time takes 1.5 hours, fuel consumption by average standards, taking into account stops at the GAZelle, reaches 15 liters per 100 km. Taking the cost of A-95 at 40 rubles per liter (+\- 10% depending on the region) as a unit of reference, we obtain the following cash equivalents:

• for 3 hours of work (i.e. travel in both directions) you need to spend: 40 rubles/liter x 15 liters x 2 = 1200 rubles.
• Hence, total costs for fuel alone will be:
• 2 times x 1200 rubles = 2400 rubles per day. And about 72,000 rubles per month.
• Let’s reduce the estimated amount of income by the amount of fuel costs for one day:
• 274,000 - 1200 = 272,800 rubles.
• And let’s determine the net profit for the month: 8,130,000 -72,000 = 8,058,000 rubles.

Now let's calculate depreciation

Yes, it is also necessary to take into account the depreciation of the car (for example, changing the engine oil, coolant, lubricant in the power steering expansion tank, brake fluid, etc.) - this is done with a mileage of 10 thousand km or more or in case of unforeseen situations.

If a car travels 100 km x 4 times = 400 km per day, then an oil change will be required every 25 days, and the cost of all-season semi-synthetic oil 10W-40 with SL quality = about 200 rubles per liter. And that's just for the engine!

Without going into details Maintenance GAZelle, let’s take as the starting point the cost of technical maintenance of the car an amount equal to 25% of the profit received for the month. Those. The technical content of a GAZelle per month is equal to:

• 8,130,000 x 25% = 2,032,500 rubles.
• The total calculations for the month of work will be as follows:
• 8,130,000 - 72,000 - 2,032,500 = 6,025,500 rubles per month.

Taxes for private passenger carriers

Tax obligations must also be paid on time and in sufficient amounts. A registered private enterprise is taxed in accordance with the UTII (taxable base) calculated specifically for it. This tax base is formed on the basis of many factors, and the CPMS (or the number of seats in vehicles) is of no small importance here.

According to the latest data, the taxation of a carrier performing regular passenger transportation is about 6,000 rubles per month. Although, this amount cannot be called constant, since the exact calculation tax obligations performed in individually specifically for each private entrepreneur.

The profit from the operation of GAZelle for the month of 6,025,500 rubles will decrease by another 6,000 rubles and we will get 6,019,500 rubles per month.

It is also worth considering the costs of advertising your passenger transport services. There are ways of free advertising (free message boards, thematic Internet sites, etc.). And there are also paid forms: creating big boards, publishing invitations to use your transport for a trip in the press, etc.

Let's sum up all the opening costs:

• Buy a new GAZelle minibus - about 1,000,000 rubles;
• The cost of installed GLONASS navigation systems and tachograph does not exceed 100 thousand rubles;
• The total cost of legal registration of a private enterprise is about 45 thousand rubles;
• The minimum rental cost for this route will be from 22 thousand rubles per month;
• Costs for fuels and lubricants - from 100 thousand rubles,
• The salary of the driver and conductor is 50 thousand rubles each.
• Total: 1,367,000 rubles.

Knowing the net profit for a month of work, you can easily determine the time of repayment of all costs associated with starting a business. If the factors are favorable, it is already possible to “recapture” this amount based on the results of the first month of work:

• 6,019,500 - 1,367,000 = 4,752,500 rubles per month - this is the final net profit, taking into account fully repaid debt obligations.

The following months will no longer require repayment of the debt for buying a car, for installing equipment, etc. Yes, mandatory payments to the tax office + payment for renting a route, costs for fuel and lubricants and depreciation of a car + payment of wages to employees - this will remain. But the gross share of the initial costs has already justified itself!

This is just the tip of the iceberg of the necessary initial costs for organizing and formalizing a private business for transporting passengers.

If the entrepreneur has his own savings and (even partially) the amount of necessary expenses he paid immediately, this is good. But, in most cases, when opening a new business for transporting passengers, the organizers do not have that amount of cash. There is a way out - take a loan from a bank. This means that the amount of net income will again be reduced by the amount of mandatory monthly interest to repay the loan debt from the bank. Although, the advantage of this particular method of resolving the problem of a lack of cash will be the ability to repay the amount of debt gradually, spread over several years.

Of course, even according to preliminary calculations, a significant amount of all costs will be recouped after the first month of work. But, as in any forecast - errors and omissions, as well as unexpected force majeure circumstances - all such troubles are not excluded!

Already at the stage of theoretical calculation, errors in constructing a scheme of income associated with the organization of passenger transportation services are easy to detect. For example, the fact that it is impossible to constantly drive when the car is fully loaded with passengers. There are likely situations when the car goes on the road with only a few passengers (or even without them at all!). But you cannot refuse the trip, since the work schedule is set and passengers may be waiting at the final destination (city B) for your flight. Cases of breakdowns and other troubles cannot be excluded. All such moments cause damage, which in the end can significantly reduce the amount of profit (and increase the payback period).

In any case, I definitely want to draw an optimistic conclusion! He who does not take risks does not win! Here Golden Rule all entrepreneurs and at all times. There is a danger, but you can always overcome it. And even if at the beginning of the journey something doesn’t work out, there are some difficulties - don’t give up what you started, but fight for your profitable place in the sun. And everything will definitely work out!!

Attention! Free business plan, offered for download below, is an example. Business plan, the best way appropriate to the conditions of your business, you need to create it with the help of specialists.

In order to decide what business plan for passenger transportation to draw up, let’s consider the most common city transportation by shuttle bus. So, it will be possible to navigate all the nuances of this business.

Registration

Before you start operating in the field of passenger transportation, you must register as entity or individual entrepreneur. The next step is hiring drivers and obtaining a license.

When everything is already in place, you can begin to think through the route, which must be agreed upon with the city administration. This is a rather long process, so it is more profitable to rent the right to transport along an already established route.

Bus

The next step for successfully organizing a business is a bus.

There are two options - purchase and loan. You can purchase a used bus, but it must be on the road, subject to technical inspection and not cover income for constant repairs.

The type of transport is also divided according to the number of seats: large (50 seats), medium (25 seats) and small (15 seats).

IN Lately VIP transportation by minibus with 7-8 seats is increasingly in demand.

At first, you can launch one such bus, but if the service is in demand, you can add additional vehicles.

Expenses

One-time costs in the passenger transportation business will go towards registration and obtaining a license, as well as the bus itself. Fixed costs will wage driver, conductor, route rental. Profit will depend on the route and number of flights. All investments for starting a business will pay off in about 3 months.

You can consider other options in the field of motor transport services. It is recommended to carefully study the trends in passenger transportation in your city and note for yourself weak sides and use it to successfully develop your business.

Any type of passenger transportation requires a license, which is issued central authority authorities. Its cost will be about 3-4 thousand dollars and you need to wait up to 25 days for its registration. In principle, if capital does not have large sums, then you can hire drivers with your own transport.

A full-fledged passenger transportation company will be considered a company that has in its fleet at least five medium and small buses and at least 3 large ones.

Staff

The personnel who will drive the buses must have driving experience and the appropriate category. Before each departure on a trip, the condition of drivers is examined by a medical professional, in accordance with the law. Therefore, in addition to drivers, you will also have to hire a doctor, a car mechanic who inspects the bus before leaving, and a technician.

Good to know!

We respect your choice, but we want to remind you that the least risky, relatively easy and comfortable start of a business can be organized under the wing of successful company on franchising terms. We invite you to get acquainted with.

Why starting a business with a franchise is easier and more convenient can be found out from a selection of articles published in the section:

Location

The premises of the transport company should include a car wash, a service station, a parking space and office space. With a small capital, you can use the services of external car washes and rent parking lots.

The location is usually on the outskirts of the city, since an enterprise of this scale requires sufficient space.

Possible income

If we talk about final income, they can average $200,000 per year, but you should remember fixed costs, including for fuel.

They in turn amount to about 70,000 per year. The business in the field of passenger transportation will begin to pay off only after 5 years. To start doing business, it is recommended to download a standard, approximate business plan for passenger transportation on our website.

Passenger transportation is not a new direction for creating a highly profitable business. But the prospect for beginners remains high level, despite quite more competition. The whole point is the constantly growing demand for such a service, which means there is an opportunity for everyone to earn money.

Key Features of a Niche

You must deeply understand the entire process of such a business and development in order to include all the nuances in the business plan. Everything will begin with the registration of this type of activity. The most convenient option for registration is an individual entrepreneur or LLC. Also, do not forget that according to modern legislation, this type of activity must be accompanied by a license. So you will need to get required document, allowing you to provide passenger transportation services (and it doesn’t matter whether it will be transportation between cities or within the city).

If you, as an entrepreneur, plan to carry out transportation within the city along a route, then you will also need to obtain documents for approval of such a route or rent a permit for an existing one. This will take even more time and money. But this is information on a slightly different topic.

Selecting a room

To open a business for intercity passenger transportation, this type of activity will require a small office and a large parking lot near it. As expected, this parking lot should be well guarded and surrounded by a fence around the entire perimeter. It is also advisable to have your own vehicle wash on site. It may also be that for all this there is no free money. Then it is better to consider the option of renting a parking lot and using private car wash services.

Also consider renting an office and everything else on the outskirts of the city to open a company, since the cost of rent in this case is significantly reduced.

Necessary transport

As a rule, a bus must be available to carry out this type of activity. And the cost must be included in the business plan for intercity passenger transportation. You can buy it outright or use credit. This will depend on your capabilities and wishes. If you do not want to buy a new option, then in order to save money, you can consider a used bus. But it is important to do the whole range after or before purchasing technical analysis vehicles, so that at a minimum you do not lose money, and, at a maximum, do not lead to tragic consequences.

You will also need to decide what scale the transportation should initially be. In this case, there are three options based on the number of seats in one vehicle:

1. 50 seats.
2. 25 seats.
3. 15 seats.

If you are new to this business and want to try yourself in this business first, then it is best to buy a minibus with 15 seats. And when you start receiving a good income, and you can collect more money, then it makes sense to buy cars with big amount places

Company employees

For building effective business For passenger transportation services between cities, your staff must have experienced and responsible drivers, and indeed all the staff. When choosing such people, it is important to consider the person's experience and driving confidence first. If he doesn’t have both, then he will cause distrust among passengers, and in general this can be fraught with tragic consequences.

Of course, the driver must have permission to drive this type of transport. Also do not forget that before each departure the driver must first undergo examination by medical worker, who will also need to be hired to work for you.

In addition, do not forget that cars can often break down, so you will need a car mechanic who will also inspect the vehicle before and after trips.

Advertising services

In order for a business to become successful, an advertising and marketing strategy plays a big role. It is important to understand that it would be wrong to make a high-quality business plan for intercity bus transportation without spending on advertising, since it will be difficult to achieve success without this. Here you have the opportunity to choose several advertising directions for your intercity passenger transportation services. One option is to place such advertising in the bus itself. An important point will organize the company's image through:

• constant cleanliness in the bus interior;
• convenient and fast transportation;
• careful, experienced and polite drivers.

Among other types of advertising, we can note the effectiveness of a company’s personal website if it is made with high quality and is advertised in search engines. It should contain all the information necessary for a potential client, from prices and possible routes, to even photographs and videos of the vehicles themselves and their interiors.

Banners on the streets, advertising in newspapers, even on local television - all this and more that can bring potential clients to you, sooner or later you need to use it so that the maximum number of people learn about your enterprise. The question is how much money are you willing to spend on it and what are the options for initial stage will bring the most benefit.

Expenses and income

For one-time costs for such a business, the following can be noted:

• registration and obtaining a license – 46,000 rubles;
• purchase of a bus - 1,800,000 rubles.

In addition to one-time costs, of course, there will also be permanent ones, among which we can note:

• fuel;
• spare parts;
• workers' wages;
• renting a parking lot and an office (provided that you do not buy all this initially);
• use of car wash services (if you don’t have your own);
• utilities (if your own territory is purchased);
• taxes;
• advertising;
• office;
• other small expenses.

As practice shows, intercity passenger transportation as a business is very effective, and its payback can occur faster than in one year. But this is the case if each bus is constantly in operation. In any case, the approximate profitability of such a business is at the level of 80%.

A developed network of passenger transport is an urgent need modern world. However, in our country this area is not yet sufficiently developed, so the opening own business passenger transportation is a very promising business that can bring high income to the owner. But today's real business conditions are such that in order to stay in the market, you need to know about possible problem and the nuances of organizing such a business. In this article we will try to analyze the features of passenger transportation, the difficulties that await an entrepreneur, and also give some tips on running a business.

What documentation is needed to register a business, what laws are important to pay attention to?

To carry out commercial activities in this area, you must be officially registered individual entrepreneur(IP) or open an LLC. But the most important thing is to obtain the appropriate license from the Russian Ministry of Transport. There are three types of licensing for passenger transportation: when using passenger cars, vehicles equipped to transport more than 8 people and vehicles with a carrying capacity of more than 3.5 tons.

We need to obtain a second type license. To do this, in accordance with government decree No. 749 of September 24, 2010, the following package of documents must be submitted to the Ministry:

Founders' agreement;
- articles of association;
- LLC registration certificate;
- document on registration with the tax service;
- statistical codes;
- actual and legal address of the enterprise, telephone number;
- bank account details;
- PTS of all cars;
- agreement on the provision of parking;
- DB and PC certificates;
- copies of the technical inspection report;
- passport, employment history and a driver's license (or several).

Additionally, before submitting documents, you must pay a fee of 300 rubles for consideration of the application, and upon receipt finished document– another 1000. The license is valid for five years from the date of issue, and each vehicle must have a separate registration card. If at the start commercial activities If you have less than two dozen cars, you can contact a larger transport company that can issue permission for cars to leave along the route.

Arrangement of the bus depot

Choosing passenger cars is one of the most difficult moments; many people wonder: how to choose the right bus? You can hire drivers with your own buses or purchase vehicles yourself. At first glance, the option with drivers seems preferable, since the maintenance and repair of cars does not require your participation or the company’s expenses. However, such drivers are difficult to control; each of them can go to another carrier, change routes, and the owner of the organization receives less income.

In the case of purchasing buses, all the trump cards pass into your hands. But here it is important to have an accurately calculated business plan, correctly distribute expenses, and take into account income. It is the financial side of the issue that often fails novice businessmen. You need to select buses very carefully: they should not be too expensive, have good capacity and require minimal costs for repairs and maintenance.

Quite often, for transportation, domestic companies purchase Gazelles with up to 15 seats. These cars can accommodate more passengers with standing room, but such overcrowding can be dangerous on the road. Trouble-free operation of such vehicles lasts no more than 3 years, after which the profitability of the vehicle comes into question due to frequent breakdowns.

Therefore, recently one can observe an increase in the percentage of foreign minibuses on the streets Russian cities. Usually these are Ford, Peugeot, Iveco buses. Such cars cost on average twice as much as Gazelles, so they require a large initial investment. But a number of advantages attract attention: large capacity (up to 26 seats), service life is at least 7 years, and repairs are required extremely rarely.

When buying a car, you need to pay great attention to warranties, service, manufacturer technical support. Some sellers offer profitable terms for entrepreneurs, they provide loans at low interest rates, leasing. Most entrepreneurs do not recommend buying used buses from other carriers unless there is a compelling reason. Because such sellers usually remain silent about existing problems. When purchasing new cars, you should definitely check with the seller permits, for example, vehicle type approval (VTA). If there is such approval, then the seller:

You participate in various tenders;
- guarantees the quality of transport, its legalization in the country;
- ensures vehicle compliance with safety requirements;
- provides factory warranties in the presence of a separating list;
- will allow you to freely receive service from official dealers of the brand;
- quickly complete all documents.

In this case, obtaining a transportation license or concluding a leasing or lending agreement will be much easier.

Potential profit

It is very important to calculate the expected profitability of your business. To do this, it is necessary to take into account the number of regular trips per month, the cost of the trip, the average number of passengers in the cabin, the cost of fuel, parking, washing, maintenance, driver’s salary, renovation work. According to these indicators, foreign cars are much more profitable. You can also reduce the cost of ownership by renting parking and garages in a remote area or outside the city. Additionally, it is worth concluding an agreement on the supply of spare parts, Supplies and fuels from manufacturers.

Please note that advertising placed on the back of the bus and/or inside the bus can be a good source of additional income. This technique can bring in about 12 thousand rubles a month, which, you see, is very good. In all calculations, it is necessary to take into account the popularity of a particular route, the number of stops and cars already running. This can be called the cornerstone of a carrier’s success, so it is important to take a balanced approach to choosing a route. The solution may be to independently develop a route that is not yet in the city. You will need to carefully analyze the traffic situation settlement, anticipate demand, coordinate the route with city authorities.

In conclusion, we can recommend that all beginning carriers carefully prepare for starting a business, learn about the specifics of this type of activity, and communicate with entrepreneurs who have been working in this area for some time. This information will allow you to competently approach the organization of all processes, correctly calculate risks and investments, and take into account the real situation. It is very important to think through development prospects, draw up detailed business plan. In this case, you have a good chance of success in organizing your own passenger transportation business.