DIY septic tank from plastic bottles. Do-it-yourself septic tank from barrels at the dacha

On initial stage construction cannot be done without constructing a septic tank for Wastewater. This is a rather expensive part of the work, but it is possible to reduce the cost. If a small building is being built, for example, a summer house or an outdoor shower, then the septic tank can be constructed from a plastic barrel. But before installation, you need to understand this issue in more detail.

Advantages

For permanent structures, it is mandatory to install a wastewater collection and treatment system, which can be purchased at finished form. But in terms of costs, the design will not be cheap, and the installation itself is quite complicated. You cannot do without such a complex installation, because water is constantly consumed in a residential building, and a simple drainage system will not work.

But if it is necessary to provide a septic tank for country house, which is used only in the warm season, or for a temporary structure, it is recommended to install a septic tank from barrels. Such a system contains not a large number of water, but this is quite enough for a small water consumption.

Septic tank barrels can be used either new or used.

Such a structure can be made not only from plastic barrels, but also from metal ones. It is recommended to use plastic for this work, because metal is susceptible to corrosion.

Scheme

A septic tank is constructed from several barrels that are connected to each other in unified system. First, you need to draw up a diagram showing the building and the location of the septic tank installation. The latter will be located underground a few meters from the building's location.

The effluent passes through the drain riser, a pipe that reaches at an angle to the first barrel. A total of at least 2 barrels must be used. Then the wastewater from the first barrel passes through the overflow pipe into the second barrel.

To properly install a septic tank in a private home, you should definitely draw a diagram. This stage of work is necessary not only for permitting authorities, but also for the owner himself. The drawings will help you accurately calculate not only consumables, but also the sequence of installation.

If 3 barrels are used for a septic tank, then general scheme looks like that:

• The wastewater flows through the inlet into the first barrel, which is gradually filled.
• Large particles settle at the bottom of the first barrel.
• The liquid from the first barrel enters the second barrel through the outlet.
• In the second barrel, smaller particles settle at the bottom.
• Liquid from the second barrel passes through the outlet into the third barrel.
• The treated wastewater goes into the ground through the bottom of the third barrel.

When drawing up a septic tank diagram, it should be ensured that the inlet and outlet of each barrel are located at different levels: the inlet is higher and the outlet is lower. Due to this, the treated wastewater will pass into the next barrel through the outlet before the liquid level reaches the inlet.

Another one important detail: The system is installed on a slope. This installation will allow the liquid to flow freely through the pipes and not stagnate in some area.

Three-section cleaning is provided for the building where the toilet will be installed. But if you need to clean the drain that will come from the kitchen or bathhouse, then 2-section cleaning is enough.

Preparatory work

Installing a septic tank consists of carrying out calculations. For this purpose it is determined required amount pipes for laying them to the system. Then you should prepare the area where the system will be located. It is cleared of debris, vegetation and other objects.

The location of the septic tank from a residential building must be at least 5 m. It is permissible to maintain a distance of 2 m if the sewer system is installed for a non-residential premises.

It is necessary to ensure a large distance from the septic tank to the river or lake. Effluent must not enter aquifers. Therefore, it is recommended to maintain a distance of at least 10 m to the river, and at least 30 m to the lake. If summer cottage trees grow, then you need to maintain a distance of at least 2 m from them, and 5 m from the roadway.

You should also prepare everything you need for work. For country house suitable option septic tank of 3 barrels of 250 l.

Required materials and tools

To install a septic tank you will need the following materials:

• Barrels.
• Sewer pipes.
• Couplings. Flanges.
• Crushed stone.
• Sand.
• Geotextiles.
• Wooden pegs.
• Sealant.

Regarding the choice of barrels, it has already been said that the optimal option is 3 barrels of 250 liters each. If necessary, the volume of barrels can be increased. The length of the sewer pipes depends on the distance at which the septic tank will be located from the house. The diameter of the pipes must be at least 110 mm.

If the barrels are installed above the freezing point of the soil, then any insulation will be required: mineral wool, foam plastic, expanded clay.

To carry out installation, you need to prepare a rake, a shovel, a building level and a jigsaw.

Rakes are used to clear and level the area. A shovel is used to dig the trench, and a building level will be used to install the system at an angle. A jigsaw is used to cut holes in the barrels.

Do-it-yourself septic tank from barrels. Step-by-step instruction

After preparing everything you need, you can begin installation. This process is carried out in stages:

• Digging a trench.
• Bottom cushioning.
• Laying geotextiles.
• Backfilling of crushed stone.
• Installation of barrels.
• Pipe installation.
• System check.
• Backfilling the trench.

Before digging a trench Measurements should be taken carefully. To make your work easier, you can lay out all the parts on the ground: pipes, barrels. Then mark the contours of the system and start digging holes. To facilitate the work, you can use the services of an excavator, due to which the hole will be of the required size.

Then you should pour a layer of sand at the bottom of the trench, which will serve shock-absorbing cushion. The places where the first 2 barrels (filtering) will be located should be concreted. Place for the 3rd (last) barrel covered with geotextile and filled with crushed stone.

Installation

Before as install barrels into the pit, it is advisable to first connect them together with pipes. After all, doing such work in a pit will be very inconvenient. Holes for pipes are cut in the upper side parts of the barrels.

Do not make a large hole. The pipe must fit end to end, otherwise leaks will occur.

The joints must be treated with sealant. For these purposes, it is best to use a car one. The first two barrels will filter the wastewater, so they are installed with a bottom. In the first barrel, solid waste falls to the bottom, and in the second, smaller particles settle at the bottom. The third barrel receives 65% purified wastewater, and this liquid goes into the ground. That is why the bottom of the last barrel should be cut off.

The barrels must be connected to each other with pipes through which the liquid will flow from one compartment to the other. When such a structure is ready, it should be installed in the prepared pit. At the bottom of the third barrel it is necessary to pour a layer of crushed stone to a third of its volume. Then a sewer pipe is connected to the first barrel, which departs from the house. In order to guide the pipe at an angle, it is recommended to use wooden pegs, which are mounted at different levels. Using a building level, which is applied to the top of the pegs, the required angle is set. Then a layer of sand is poured, followed by a layer of gravel on top so that it does not cover the tops of the wooden marks.

Ventilation and insulation

Ventilation should be provided installed septic tank. To do this, a pipe with a protective canopy at the top is brought out to protect against precipitation.

If the barrels are installed above the freezing point of the soil, then they should be insulated. When all the parts are connected and the joints are treated with sealant, the system is checked. To do this, water is supplied to the first container, and then possible leaks are checked. If they are missing, then you can backfill the septic tank.

To connect pipes with flanges and fittings, you can use a special glue that is compatible with the pipe material. This will ensure a tight connection.

The pit is completely filled with gravel. Then a layer of geotextile is laid on top of the barrels, and after that they are backfilled with soil. It is necessary to ensure that the lids of the barrels are not covered, otherwise it will be difficult to reach them during servicing in the future.

When building a septic tank, professionals advise taking into account several points:

• On soils that are not capable of absorbing water (clay, loam, sandy loam), as well as on soils where the groundwater level is close to the surface, you cannot install a septic tank. In this case, a storage installation is suitable, which does not clean, but collects wastewater. Therefore, you will have to regularly use the services of vacuum cleaners for pumping.
• The septic tank should be installed at a normal distance from the house, garden, road and river.
• To prevent barrels from freezing, you can immerse several plastic bottles half filled with sand. Due to this, icing of the walls can be prevented.

The most simple circuit installation of a septic tank from a barrel is presented in this video

Building a septic tank with your own hands from plastic barrels will provide a good level of comfort for country house. This method is quick installation wastewater system at minimal cost.

On a small summer cottage there is no point in installing an expensive septic tank. Moreover, if the dacha comes to life only in the summer, and the number of people living in it is small. You can make a septic tank from barrels at your dacha with your own hands. Previously, 200 liter metal barrels were used to build septic tanks. Over time, plastic barrels appeared on sale. They are much lighter and more durable. As a result, demand quickly shifted from metal barrels to plastic ones. Of course, a good owner not to carry extra costs, will use the barrels that he has. In this article we will look at how to make a septic tank from barrels, using both metal barrels and plastic barrels.

Choosing a place for a septic tank

When choosing a place for a future septic tank, pay attention to the location of wells with drinking water and residential buildings. According to the standards, the septic tank must be located no closer than 5 m from the living space and 15 m from the source of drinking water.

Installation of plastic barrels

So, you have chosen a place for installation and decided to build a septic tank from plastic barrels. You can start doing the work:

1. For a small summer cottage, two or three barrels with a capacity of 200-250 liters are enough. Taking a little more space than the diameter of the barrels, mark the area for the pit. Keep in mind that the distance between the barrels should be 25 cm and they should be in one line.
2. Get started with the hardest soil work. The depth of the pit is dug in steps. First, a hole is dug to the height of the first barrel. Each next barrel will be installed 15 cm deeper than the previous one.
3. The bottom of the first two holes is covered with a sand cushion 10 cm thick. After this, it is well leveled and compacted. If your finances allow, the bottom can be concreted. Concrete is poured into the reinforcement, bent in the form of a loop with a protrusion outward. The barrels will then be tied to these loops.
4. The bottom of the hole under the third barrel is covered with a layer of sand of about 50 cm. A layer of crushed stone of 30 cm is poured on top of the sand. This layer will filter the wastewater that goes into the ground.
5. Place barrels with bottoms at the bottom of the first two holes. They will serve as settling tanks. If the bottom is made of concrete and there are hinges, then using belts we fasten the barrels to the hinges. This device will protect the barrels from floating in the spring.
6. Install the first barrel with a removable top lid. You will use it to clean the container from sediment. From the top of the barrel, remove the riser from sewer pipe with a diameter of 50 mm for the release of gases.
7. If the design of the septic tank provides a filtration field, then cut holes in the second barrel located one above the other at an angle of 45 °. Pipes leading to the filtration field will be connected to these holes.
8. In the third barrel, cut out the bottom with a jigsaw or grinder, and place it on the filter bottom of the pit.
9. The barrels will be connected to each other by overflow pipes. Therefore, holes with a diameter of 110 mm must be cut in the sides of the barrels for sewer pipes. The hole of the pipe leaving the barrel should be 10 cm lower than the incoming one.
10. Using a sewer pipe, connect the barrels together. Seal the joints with sealant.
11. After the entire installation procedure, backfill the pit. The pit is backfilled in layers. As the layer is added, water is poured into the barrel so that the pressure does not crush the barrel. And fill the space between the walls of the barrels with a dry mixture of sand and cement. Each layer is compacted as it falls asleep.

Photo

Filtration field

If groundwater located deep, a filtration field can be added to the septic tank device. In this case, installing a third filter barrel is impractical and is not installed. Let's take a quick look at how to make a filter field correctly:

1. A trench is dug near the installed septic tank. Its width should accommodate 2 perforated pipes, and its depth should be about 70 cm.
2. A geotextile fabric is laid in the trench.
3. A perforated pipe is laid on top of the canvas and connected to the second barrel.
4. The top of the pipe is covered with crushed stone and covered with the remaining edges of the canvas. The edges of the canvas should overlap each other by 15 cm.
5. The wrapped pipes are covered with soil. If desired, the filtration field can be seeded with lawn grass.

Installation of metal barrels

If you have 200 liter metal barrels lying around, you can save money by buying plastic ones. The fact is that you can also make a septic tank from metal barrels. The installation diagram and procedure are the same as when installing a septic tank from plastic barrels. Just to cut holes in the sides of metal barrels you will need a jigsaw with a metal file. You will also need a welding machine, which can be used to weld overflow pipes and a pipe for the release of gases from the first barrel. To increase the capacity of the septic tank, the barrels can be welded vertically with each other. Jumpers are welded at welding points for strength. Metal tends to rust quickly, so it is advisable to treat the surface of the barrels with a protective compound before installation. This could be bitumen or any other similar product sold in a hardware store.

Video

In this video you will find instructions for making a bath drain from a plastic barrel:

A country house, a small bathhouse, a summer camp site, or temporary living quarters being built during the construction of a permanent structure will not be comfortable enough for living without a sewerage system. But purchasing an expensive local treatment plant is not always advisable.

As an alternative solution, you can consider a simple septic tank made of lightweight polymer barrels, which are very easy to bring to the site and to short time install it yourself. There are also barrels made of metal, but due to the susceptibility of this material to corrosion, their use is not recommended. Wooden containers are even less durable. Their service life is no more than two seasons.

Principle of operation

Since a septic tank is a system in which household wastewater and waste not only accumulate, but are treated. For construction, you will need two or three barrels, which will become loading and secondary cleaning chambers. To make the system as efficient as possible, you should think about installing a drainage or storage well into which purified water from the septic tank will flow.

Let's consider the principle of operation of a two-chamber septic tank made of barrels, equipped with a storage well.

1. Used water (from the shower, toilet, etc.) flows into the drain hole, from where through the pipes of the internal and external sewerage flows by gravity into the first loading barrel-chamber.
2. The first chamber is called a “settlement tank”, since here, with the participation of constantly active forces gravity, sedimentation of wastewater occurs. Light fractions and fats float to the top, heavy particles precipitate. In the center of the container, a layer of primary purified technical liquid is formed, which is transported through the overflow pipe into the second chamber-barrel.
3. The second post-treatment chamber is designed for better treatment of wastewater. Here, in an airless environment, colonies of microorganisms “work” (they are formed 2-5 weeks after the system is put into operation). For greater efficiency, preparations can be loaded into the post-treatment chamber to quickly decompose all sewage into water, sediment that falls to the bottom, as well as gases escaping through the ventilation pipe.
4. The degree of purification in the first two chambers can reach 80-90%. To increase the quality of cleaning, you can install another septic tank chamber, which will work on the principle of a post-treatment chamber. If the result suits you, then this measure is not relevant, and technically purified water will be transferred to a storage well.
5. The storage well has a sealed bottom, preventing water from penetrating into the ground. Disposal of liquid from the well is carried out using a sewer truck or drain pump subject to installation of filters.

Instead of a storage well, you can install a filter (drainage) well. In this case, all the liquid enters the well container, where, passing through a crushed stone filter, it is absorbed into the soil. The method is not applicable when high level groundwater and clayey soil type with low filtration capacity.

Where to begin?

Any sewerage construction requires a minimum design. As prescribed by the standards, cleaning chambers must not only be located at a distance from green spaces (at least 3 meters), the foundation of the house (5-10 m), reservoirs and wells (30-50 m), but also at the same time be located within the reach of a sewer truck. place. Of course, if you plan to carry out preventive cleaning of the septic tank with a drainage pump or bucket, last rule loses relevance.

Note! The septic tank should not be too far from the building to avoid the need to lay an excessively long pipeline. It is also not recommended to plan the laying of pipes with turns, as this may cause clogging of the pipe and an additional need for installing a rotary (inspection) well. The best option– a septic tank located 7-10 meters from the house and connected to the system internal sewerage direct pipeline Ø110 mm. For a pipe section of 10 meters (the difference between the opposite ends of the pipe) will be 20 cm.

It is important to have information about soil type and groundwater levels. The nuances of installation and the method of disposal of the purified liquid will depend on this.

Septic tanks differ from conventional sewage systems in the volume of wastewater processed. If when connecting to central system no matter the volume of water consumption, a small installation of barrels implies economical use of water (maximum washbasin, shower and toilet). At the same time, about connection washing machine there is no longer any talk. A three-chamber septic tank with a volume of about 250 liters is quite suitable for temporary living arrangements for 2-3 people. For more Users are advised to select larger capacity barrels.

It is also theoretically necessary to register the fact of installing a septic tank in the SES, but this design from casks is unlikely to be approved, so obtaining official approval is left to the discretion of the owners.

Preparation of materials and tools

A do-it-yourself septic tank from barrels is usually built on suburban areas, where people live periodically - for example, in the summer, and also as temporary sewerage at construction sites.

Nowadays it is not difficult to buy a ready-made autonomous system for collecting and cleaning sewage, manufactured in a factory. It can be used as a permanent structure for a country house. But for installing a septic tank in a country house, where you only relax periodically and do not live permanently, there is no point in purchasing such a system due to its high cost and complexity of installation.

It is much easier and more reasonable from a financial point of view to make a simple sewer system with your own hands, using metal or plastic barrels (both used and completely new) for these purposes.

Such a septic tank is constructed from containers with a volume of 200–250 liters. It is clear that such tanks are not able to accommodate a large amount of waste. This fact is considered the main disadvantage of septic tanks made from barrels. But the described structures also have many advantages. They are very easy to install. All work on sewerage installation is done by hand.

Containers with a volume of 200 liters

The most labor-intensive operation when installing barrels is considered to be digging a pit for them. You can do this yourself or order special equipment. In the first case, the costs will be minimal, but in the second, the work will take very little time. The choice is yours.

If you want to use tanks or barrels made of metal, you should immediately take care of treating them with special anti-corrosion compounds. Such containers have little resistance to the aggressive effects of wastewater. Without additional protection against rust, there is no point in using them - they will fail in just a couple of seasons.

But a septic tank made from plastic barrels with your own hands will last you much longer and without anti-corrosion protection. True, the installation of such tanks will be more difficult. This is due to the low weight of plastic containers. They will have to be additionally secured to eliminate the risk of barrels being pushed to the surface during spring floods.

About the process of constructing a septic tank from plastic products we will talk in great detail. It is precisely these autonomous temporary sewers that are most often built in dachas. Now let’s briefly talk about the principles of constructing a septic tank from iron tanks.

When arranging a septic tank from iron containers, it is necessary to dig a pit of suitable dimensions and be sure to concrete its bottom. Then prepare two barrels and drill holes on their sides. You will insert the outlet of the drainage pipe and the inlet of the overflow pipe into them. Remember - the pipe product coming from the house is always inserted into the first barrel with a certain slope. Due to this, wastewater will flow by gravity into the septic tank without any problems.

Important pro tips to follow when installing a sewer system made of metal barrels:

• the second metal container should be installed in the pit slightly lower than the first;
• use barrels with a volume of at least 200 liters;
• high-quality insulation of the septic tank on all sides is mandatory (there is no need to lay heat-insulating material only at the bottom of the pit);
• The tanks are backfilled with soil; the top of the septic tank is covered with roofing felt and lids made of wood or iron (do not forget to make a hole in the coating through which wastewater will be periodically pumped out of the tanks).

Construction of a sewerage system from metal barrels

If you want to increase the volume of the structure in question, it is possible to install several barrels on top of each other and weld them together. In addition, additional iron jumpers can be mounted. They will provide more reliable fastening of the barrels. All joints between barrels should be thoroughly waterproofed. For this, hot bitumen is most often used.

Let's say it right away. No matter how you set up a system of iron barrels, after 3-4 years the metal tanks will have to be replaced. They will begin to rot and rust under the influence of aggressive wastewater.

Despite the ease of installation of such sewers, you will have to clearly plan all the activities. First, decide where exactly you will install the septic tank. It must be removed from the garage, sauna and other outbuildings by 1–2 meters, and from a residential building by 5 meters (at least). The wastewater collection facility is not built next to a well or well, from where clean water is supplied to the house.

Next, select your scheme autonomous sewerage. For several people using country septic tank in the warm season, a system of three barrels, which are connected in series with each other, is recommended. Note! The first two containers must have a bottom (they act as settling chambers), the third - without it. The last barrel is essentially a filter well.

Barrel sewer system

Principles for installing plastic containers:

• The second barrel is placed at the bottom of the pit 10 cm below the first, the third - lower by the same 10 cm in relation to the second.
• Under the first two tanks you need to arrange a pillow from (its height is about 10 cm).
• The barrels are connected to each other by sewer pipes (they are called overflow pipes). In this case, the outgoing tubular product is located 10 cm below the incoming one.
• Under a barrel that does not have a bottom, you should make a special cake - a layer (0.3 m) plus a layer of sand (0.5 m). Such a pillow is necessary for the final purification of wastewater absorbed into the ground.

If the groundwater at your dacha is located high enough, filtration fields are installed instead of the third barrel.

Now purchase the materials that will be required for the construction of a septic tank (barrels, geotextiles, small crushed stone, angles for connecting pipe products, 110 mm sewer pipes, sand) and proceed to the next stage of the planned event.

The pit for the septic tank is dug manually or using vehicles. According to its parameters, the pit is made larger than the geometric dimensions of the plastic containers used. Along the entire perimeter of the pit, the distance between its sides and the barrels is maintained at 0.25 m.

The bottom of the dug pit needs:

• compact well;
• cover with sand (arrange a 10-centimeter sand cushion);
• pour concrete solution;
• mount metal embedded elements in the resulting base (barrels will be fixed to them, so they must have hinges).

Experts advise additionally attaching plastic tanks to concrete base using special belts (they are called bandage belts). They provide a 100% guarantee that during a flood the barrels will not float to the surface.

Fastening plastic tanks

Now let's move on to plastic containers. In the one that will be installed first, we make a hole (it must be at a distance of 0.2 m from the tank lid) for the pipe coming from the residential building. Another hole is cut on the opposite side of the chamber (relative to the first one, it is shifted down by 0.1 m).

Also, another hole is made in the first container. It will be needed to connect the ventilation riser. Important tip! It is advisable to equip the first barrel with a removable lid. In this tank, after settling the wastewater, there is always great amount solid waste. This means that you will have to clean it more often.

Drill holes in the second plastic container in the same way. If you plan to build filtration fields, you need to cut two holes in the second barrel, placing them at a 45-degree angle to each other. These holes are needed for installation drainage pipes.

Installation of a septic tank, filtration well and filtration fields

The installation work flow diagram is as follows:

1. Place two plastic barrels in the pit.
2. Connect the pipes to the cameras.
3. Backfill the tanks using a composition consisting of cement (dry powder) and sand. This backfill perfectly protects the structure from destruction during soil movements. The mixture is supplied in layers of 0.25–0.3 m, and each layer must be compacted. At the same time as filling, pour water into the containers. This way you will protect the barrels from deformation.
4. Pour a cushion of sand and crushed stone onto the installation site of the third tank (a well for filtering wastewater), place the last barrel on the resulting pie and pour fine crushed stone into it (about a third).

Your septic tank for your dacha is ready!

If, instead of a filtration well, you planned to construct filtration fields, the arrangement of the latter is carried out as follows:

1. To install drainage pipes, dig trenches of the required size. They must have a slope (per meter of pipe products - 2 cm).
2. You lay geotextiles at the bottom of the trenches, and throw its cuts on the sides over the sides of the ditch.
3. Cover the geotextile material with crushed stone (height 0.3 m).
4. Place pipes for drainage on the crushed stone layer. As such, it is allowed to use homemade products (make holes in ordinary steel pipes). But it is better to use factory perforated pipes.
5. Fill the trench with a layer of crushed stone and lay geotextiles on top (the overlap width is about 0.1 m).

All you have to do is fill the ditch with soil. Fields for filtering wastewater have been made.

To the owners country houses you don’t want to give up your usual city amenities and have to install a sewer system on your property yourself. Often it is a simple cesspool made from a barrel or something else, but if there is running water and household members actively use plumbing fixtures, its capabilities will clearly not be enough.

The dacha sewerage scheme includes a sewage collector, internal and external pipeline networks. Depending on financial capabilities, the collector is built from brick, concrete rings, large-sized car tires, Eurocubes or 200 liter barrels.

Sewage scheme with a barrel as a septic tank

Scheme and rules for organizing sewerage with a septic tank in the country

It is quite possible to equip a septic tank for a dacha with your own hands. Before starting work, a detailed sewerage arrangement plan is drawn up. Drawings can be seen in the photo. The diagram must show the location of the storage tank, internal and external wiring of the pipeline network. Building codes and the rules determine the required angle of inclination of the pipes, features of the collector design and other parameters. Please note that simply pouring wastewater into a pit without pumping pollutes the soil and nearby aquifers.

Requirements for the placement of treatment facilities on a summer cottage

Treatment facilities on a summer cottage should be located no closer than thirty meters from reservoirs, wells and artesian wells. In order to bad smell did not penetrate into residential premises, the minimum distance of the septic tank from the house is five meters. This distance should also not be significantly extended, since this will significantly increase the cost of laying an external sewer network.

Minimum distances from septic tank to various objects

Care must be taken to ensure that the unpleasant odor does not disturb the neighbors, and the treatment plant should not be located too close to the boundaries of the site. Fruit trees and other green spaces with a developed root system should be located at a distance of at least three meters.

Types of country sewerage

The easiest way to do it yourself is to make a regular cesspool for a private home or cottage into which waste will simply be drained. At the same time, it will pollute environment. To prevent unpleasant consequences, a sealed container is installed in the cesspool.

The simplest cesspool from a barrel

This is a more acceptable way of arranging a waste disposal system, but in this case, frequent “visits” of the sewer truck are necessary. More modern look The dacha sewage system is a septic tank in which the liquid fraction of waste settles and, after filtration, is removed from the collector. The use of bacteria that decompose organic matter helps to create a septic tank without pumping.

Sealed cesspool

For arrangement cesspool dig a pit at least two meters deep. If the terrain of the site is difficult, it is located at the lowest level.

Sealed drain hole convenient for small waste volumes

The walls of the tank are laid out brickwork or they stack ready-made concrete rings, tires from the Kirovets tractor, two-hundred-liter barrels on top of each other, and so on. A layer of waterproofing is placed on the bottom of the container, all butt joints are securely sealed to prevent waste water leakage.

Filter well

A filter well is constructed in the same way as a sealed cesspool, only instead of waterproofing, a fill of gravel or crushed stone with sand is made at the bottom of the shaft. It forms a filter layer, percolating through which liquid waste fractions get rid of contaminants before penetrating into the soil.

Construction of a filter well made of a plastic barrel

This design treatment plant makes it possible to pump out waste from the tank much less frequently, since it is filled only with solid fragments. The quality of wastewater treatment is improved if you install not one, but several filter wells connected to each other by overflow pipes.

Applying a filter field

Using a filtration field helps to make a septic tank without pumping. Its design requires a large area of ​​free space on the site.

Device of a small filtration field

The filtration field is an underground area in which sedimentation and purification of wastewater passing through the sewer occurs. From there they are discharged through perforated pipes into the drainage system.

Using the gutter

It is good if there is a drainage ditch not far from the storage tank. In this case, the wastewater passing through the collector can be directed directly into it. To do this, they dig a hole near the canal, filling it with crushed stone or gravel as a filter layer. Wastewater is sent there, which, after passing through the filter, enters the drainage ditch.

Options for materials for a septic tank in the country

Depending on financial capabilities, the septic tank at the dacha is made from the most various materials. With virtually no material costs, you can get discarded tires from your nearest tire repair shop or auto company. large diameter.

An example of organizing a two-chamber septic tank from tires

Tires from the Kirovets tractor are suitable. They are laid on top of each other in a dug pit. A septic tank made from ready-made concrete rings is even faster and more reliable. The wastewater receiver can be lined with brickwork. Large-volume barrels and so-called Eurocubes, which are sealed containers, are also used. plastic containers.

When installed, they are concreted on the sides, since they are light in weight and can move when the ground water level rises.

Installation depth of the septic tank and pipe laying

The depth of installation of the septic tank and laying of the sewer pipe directly depends on the level of soil freezing in a particular region. If wastewater freezes in sewer system, they will burst the pipes, and in the spring everything will have to start again.

A sewer pipe used only in summer does not need to be buried

The optimal volume of a septic tank in the country

The required volume of a septic tank at a dacha depends on the number of people permanently residing there. It is believed that one person consumes up to two hundred liters of water per day. By multiplying this figure by the number of household members and increasing the resulting value by approximately twenty percent, we obtain the optimal volume of storage capacity.

Of course, in a summer cottage, that is, without the use of a shower and bath, this parameter will be much less.

Construction of a simple cesspool from a 200 liter barrel

A cesspool from a 200 liter barrel can be easily made with your own hands. For its arrangement, it is better to choose plastic containers. Compared with metal products they have the following advantages:

• excellent resistance to aggressive chemical environments;
• longer service life;
• simplified installation due to low weight;
• no need for anti-corrosion treatment;
• high levels of tightness.

A plastic barrel can serve as a cesspool for a long time

When buried in the ground, plastic containers should be securely secured using cables pulled to concrete slab installed as the base of the structure. Otherwise, a homemade septic tank may “float” to the surface at the most inconvenient moment. Plastic barrels installed in the pit should be filled very carefully so as not to damage them.

Do-it-yourself assembly and connection of a septic tank from plastic barrels

Assembling and connecting a septic tank from plastic barrels with your own hands is not particularly difficult. First, a pit is dug to bury the tanks in the ground. For better cleaning wastewater, two plastic containers with a volume of at least two hundred liters each should be installed. They are connected to each other using an overflow pipe.

Two-chamber septic tank with overflow from plastic barrels - a practical option

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