Current bibliography: "Economic theory". In the discipline of economic theory ... Articles from magazines

The structure of the textbook contains sections revealing the evolution of economic thought, microeconomics, macroeconomics and theoretical basis foreign trade. The main stages in the development of economic theory are considered, basic concepts economic theory, the theory is considered consumer behavior, the concept of a company, its interpretation in various economic theories. A special feature of the textbook is the inclusion of sections devoted to the economy of knowledge, the market of information and knowledge. For effective learning of the material, after each topic, key concepts and tasks for intermediate control are given: problematic situations, questions and tasks.

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(BASICS OF ECONOMIC THEORY)

Guidelines

for execution abstract

for students of non-economic specialties

all forms of education

Sevastopol 2016




FORMAT OF AN ABSTRACT

Bibliography

1. SUBJECTS OF ABSTRACTS ON ECONOMIC THEORY 2016/17/academic year

Economic theory as a universal economic science.

System of economic categories and laws.

Economic needs and their relationship with production.

Socio-economic content of production factors.

Productive forces and production potential of society.

Social and economic efficiency of production.

Essence, types and structure of industrial relations.

Economic systems and their evolution.

Property in the system of industrial relations.

Economic interests and needs.

Natural and commercial production.

Money and monetary circulation.

Socio-economic content of production costs.

Market in the system of social reproduction.

Market demand and a proposal.

Competition, its place and role in economic progress.

Market structure and functioning of its main elements.

18. Market infrastructure.

Banks and their role in the economic system.

Enterprise as the primary structural link of social production.

Production assets(capital) of the enterprise.

Essence, types and organizational forms of entrepreneurship

Essence, forms, types and systems wages.

Profit as a result of the enterprise's activities.

Loan capital in the system of commodity relations.

Agrarian relations.

Land rent.

The state in a market economy.

The economic growth.

World economy.

FORMAT OF AN ABSTRACT

The topic of the essay is selected in accordance with the student number in the student group list.

The work is completed in accordance with the requirements of current regulations. All aspects of the design of text documents are contained in the following documents:

GOST 7.32-2001 “Report on scientific research work. Structure and design rules."

GOST 2.105-95 " General requirements to text documents"

GOST 7.1-2003 “Bibliographic record. Bibliographic description. General requirements and rules for drawing up"

GOST 7.80-2000. “Bibliographic record. Title. General requirements and rules for drafting”, etc.

GOST 7.82-2001 “Bibliographic record. Bibliographic description of electronic resources. General requirements and rules of compilation."

Basic design requirements:

1) Text is printed at 1.5 intervals based on no more than 40 lines per page, Times New Roman font, font size 12, without slanting or underlining, highlighting in bold or in color, one-and-a-half leading).

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3) Margin sizes: left – 30 mm, right – no less than 10 mm, top – no less than 15 mm, bottom – no less than 20 mm.

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5) The paragraph indentation should be the same throughout the text and be equal to 15-17 mm.

6) References are necessary when quoting and borrowing provisions, formulas, tables, illustrations from the works of other authors. Links are formatted in the form “”, where the first digit is the source number, the second page is where the material was taken from.

7) The table should be located immediately after the text in which it is mentioned for the first time, or on the next page. Above the upper left corner of the table, place the inscription “Table” indicating its number (numbering continuous, or within a section (for example, Table 1.2).

8) Figures should be located immediately after the text in which they are mentioned for the first time, or on the next page. Drawings must have a title, which is placed below it in the center. The drawing is designated by the word “Figure”, which, together with the number and title, is placed after the explanatory data.

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10) Formulas and equations should be separated from the text on a separate line. You should leave a blank line above and below each formula or equation. Numbering of formulas is continuous, or within a section.

11) The list of sources used must contain information about all sources used in writing test work. The grouping of material used in the list of used sources can be:

– alphabetical;

– chronological;

– in the order of mentioning or citing sources in the main text.

However, it is recommended to place legislative and regulatory documents in first place in terms of importance.

Examples of bibliographic descriptions various sources :

...Laws:

On insolvency (bankruptcy): the federal law dated October 26, 2002 (as amended on February 5, 2007) // Russian newspaper. – 2007. – February 9

...Resolution:

Resolution: On approval State Program"Ensuring the safety of victims, witnesses and other participants in criminal proceedings for 2006-2008": Government Decree Russian Federation dated April 10, 2006 No. 200 // Collection of legislation of the Russian Federation. – 2006. – No. 16. – Article 1739.

...Books titled:

Books by four or more authors, collections: Introduction to literary criticism. Literary work: basic concepts and terms: textbook. allowance / L.V. Chernets, V.E. Khalizev, S.N. Broitman [et al.]; edited by L.V. Chernets. – M.: Higher. school; Publishing center "Academy", 2000. – 556 p.

...Books entitled:

Pharmaceutical chemistry: textbook. aid for students universities / L.N. Protasova, M.I. Ivanov, A.A. Sidorov; ed. I.N. Sovenko. – M.: Rior, 2014. – 323 p.

...Chapters or sections from books:

Kuzmin O. Methods of investment portfolio management / O. Kuzmin, S. Prince // Economic Encyclopedia/ editorial board: Gavrylyshyn B. D. [ta in.]. – K., 2001. – T. 2. – P. 349.

...Articles from collections:

Grinyuk K. A. Indirect marketing technologies for promoting the total tourist product of Sevastopol / K. A. Grinyuk, A. A. Piskun, N. S. Sarieva // Vestn. SevGTU / Sevastop. state tech. univ. – Sevastopol, 2004. – Issue. 53: Economics and finance. – pp. 76-88.

...Newspaper articles:

Kushner, A. “Harmony is a mysterious power...”: To the 200th anniversary of the birth of Evgeniy Boratynsky / A. Kushner // Moscow. news. – 2000. – No. 15. – P. 5

...Articles from magazines:

Brusnitsyn, L. Ensuring the safety of participants in the process: opportunities and development prospects / L. Brusnitsyn // Russian justice. – 2003. – No. 5. – P. 12-15.

... Remote access electronic resources:

Review of the food retail market [Electronic resource] / MDNgroup. - Electron. Dan. – Kyiv: [b. i.], 2009. – Access mode: http://www.mdn-group.com/news/articles/180.

Akchurina A. M. Application of economic and mathematical methods in managing the use of capital of petrochemical and chemical industry/ A. M. Akchurina // Oil and gas business [Electronic resource] / Ufim. state petroleum tech. univ. - Electron. magazine – [Ufa], cop. 2001-2008. – Access mode: http://www.ogbus.ru/authors/Akchurina/Akchurina_1.pdf. - Cap. from the screen.

3.Exam questions on economic theory 2016 – 2017 academic year

1. The emergence and main stages of development of political economy

2. Subject and functions of political economy

3. Classification of economic sciences. The place of political economy in the system of economic sciences

5. Research methods in political economy

6. Main factors of social production

7.Production efficiency

8. Essence, classification and relationship with production economic needs

9. The law of increasing needs

10. Essence, functions and classification of economic interests

11. Essence and structure of the economic system

12.Types and models economic systems

13. The productive forces of society and production relations

14.Structure and types of economic (production) relations

15. Property as an economic and legal category

16.Types, types and forms of ownership

17. Forms of ownership in countries with market economies and the main trends in changes in property relations modern stage

18. Privatization: essence, necessity, principles

19.Objects, goals and methods of privatization

20. Essence, stages of development and main features subsistence farming

21. Essence, causes and types of commodity production

22. Essence and properties of the product

23.Theories of value, cost and price.

24. The essence and functions of the law of value in commodity production

25.Theories of origin, essence and functions of money

26.Money circulation and its laws, definition of money supply

27. Essence and types of monetary system

28. Essence, causes, types and consequences of inflation

29. Essence, concepts and patterns of transition economy

30.Theory and practice of the functioning of a planned economy.

31. Essence and types of income. Nominal and real incomes.

32. Income distribution: Marxist and marginalist concepts

33.Theories, types, forms and systems of wages

34. Essence, functions, objective basis of the market

35 Positive and negative traits market

36. Signs of classification of markets and their types

37. Demand: essence, types and factors. Law of Demand

38.Proposal: essence, types and factors. Law of supply

39. Elasticity of supply and demand

40. Essence, functions and forms of competition

41. Reasons for occurrence, essence and main forms of monopoly

42. Antimonopoly policy of the state

43. Concept, functions, types and elements of market infrastructure

44.Households as subjects of economic relations: main features and functions

45. Essence, main features and classification of enterprises

47.Capital of an enterprise, its circulation and turnover. Main and working capital

48. Depreciation of fixed capital, depreciation

49. Essence, conditions, types and functions of entrepreneurship

50. Essence and types of production costs

51. Essence, types and distribution of profit. Rate of profit and its factors.

52.Agrarian relations and features of agricultural production, agro-industrial complex and its structure

53. Essence, types, causes and conditions for the emergence of land rent

54.Features of entrepreneurship in the agricultural sector

55. Market and price of land

56. Necessity and content government regulation economics, economic functions of the state

57.Economic theories of the role of the state in the economy

58.Methods and tools of state regulation of the economy

59. Essence and main directions economic policy

60. Essence, content and types of social reproduction

61.Theoretical models of social reproduction

62. Main macroeconomic indicators

63.National wealth and its structure

65.Cyclic development and economic cycle

66. Concepts and models of economic growth

67.Financial system of society

68. Credit system of society

69. Objective basis and essence of the world economy

70.Structure of the world economy

71.International economic relations and their forms

72.World market of goods and services

74. Essence, causes and types of international migration work force

75. Essence, causes and levels of globalization of the economy

76. Essence, causes and classification global problems

78. Results of socio-economic development of Russia in 2015.

Bibliography

1. Nosova S.S. Economic theory. – M.: KNORUS, 2016. – 336 p.

2. Sokolinsky et al. Economic theory. – M.: KNORUS, 2016. – 404 p.

3. Mamaeva L.N. Economic theory: textbook\ L.N. Mamaeva. – Rostov n\Don; Phoenix, 2015. – 365.

4. Economics: textbook for universities \ I.A. Maksimtsev, L.P. Kurakov, L.S. Tarasevich and others; under general ed. L.P. Kurakova. – M.: Publishing house IAEP, 2015. – 512 p.

5. Grodsky V.S. Economic theory: Tutorial. Third generation standard. – St. Petersburg: Peter, 2015. – 208 p.

6. Bordovsky V.P., Rudakova O.V., Samorodova E.M. Economic theory. – M.: Publishing House “Forum”, INFRA, 2014. – 400 p.

7. Nikolaeva I.P. Economic theory: Textbook \ I.P.Nikolaeva. – M.: Publishing and trading corporation “Dashkov and K”, 2013. – 328 p.

8. Kurakov L.P. Economics: Textbook for universities\ L.P. Kurakov, G.E Yakovlev,

A.G. Kostromin, A.L. Kurakov. – M.: UniWesMedia, 2011. – 640 p.

9. Big economic encyclopedic Dictionary\auth. comp.: I.A. Maksimtseva, L.P. Kurakov, L.S. Tarasevich and others. Ed. Kurakova L.P. – M.: UniWestMedia, 2011. – 1200 p.

10. Anikin, A.V. Youth of science: life and ideas of economic thinkers before Marx / A.V. Anikin. - 4th ed. - M.: Politizdat, 1985. - 366 p.

11. Balikov V.V. General economic theory: Textbook. – M.: Omega-L, 2007. – 732 p.

12. Borodin E.T. Natural and social reproduction: Comprehension of Marxism and overcoming its contradictions / E.T. Borodin. - M.: Educational book Press, 2003. - 448 p.

13. Brevnov A.A. Fundamentals of economic theory: textbook. aid for students universities / A.A. Brevnov. - Kharkov: Odyssey, 2004. - 512 p.

14. Butuk A.I. Economic theory: Textbook / A.I. Butuk. - 2nd ed., revised. and additional - K.: Vikar, 2003.- 668 p.

15. Ghukasyan G.M. Economic theory: introduction to economic theory, microeconomics, macroeconomics: textbook / G.M. Ghukasyan, G.A. Makhovikova, V.V. Amosova. - 6th ed. - M. et al.: Peter, 2008. - 240 p.

16. Kuzminov Ya.I. Course of institutional economics: institutions, networks, transaction costs, contracts: textbook. for students universities / Ya. I. Kuzminov, K. A. Bendukidze, M. M. Yudkevich. - M.: State University Higher School of Economics, 2006. - 443 p.

17. Economics course: textbook / Ed. B. A. Raizberg. - 4th ed., revised. and additional - M.: INFRA - M, 2003. - 672 p.

18. Course of economic theory: Textbook / Ed. Chepurina M.N., Kiseleva E.A. – 5th ed., corrected, added, revised. – Kirov “Asa”, 2005. – 832 p.

19. Lortikyan, E. L. History of economic reforms: world experience of the second half of the 19th-20th centuries: textbook. allowance for economics universities and faculties/ E. L. Lortikyan. - Kharkov: Consum, 1999. - 286 p.

20. Marshall A. Principles economic science: in 3 volumes: per. from English / A. Marshall. - M.: Progress: Univers, T. 1. - 1993. - 415 p.

21. Simkina L.G. Economic theory: textbook / L.G. Simkina. - 2nd ed. - M. et al.: Peter, 2008. - 384 p.

22. Modern economics: lecture course: multi-level textbook. aid for students universities / Ed. O.Yu.Mamedov. - Rostov n/d: Phoenix, 2000. - 544 p.

23. Sychev N.V. Political Economy: course of lectures / N.V. Sychev. - M.: EKMOS, 2002. - 383 p.

24. Timoshina, T. M. Economic history foreign countries: textbook allowance / T. M. Timoshina; Ed. M. N. Chepurina. - M.: Justitsinform, 2000. - 496 p.

25. Tumakova, S. V. Fundamentals of economic theory. Political economy: textbook. manual for universities / S.V. Tumakova. - K.: Vipol, 1999. - 597 p.

26. Filinkov A.M. Political economy / A.M. Filinkov.-Sevastopol.: SevNTU, 2006.- 149 p.

27. Economics: textbook. manual / ed. E.A. Kuznetsov. - Ed. 4th, erased. - Kharkov: Odyssey, 2008. - 512 p.

28. Economic history of foreign countries: textbook. aid for students universities, educational in economics special / Ed. V. I. Golubovich. - Minsk: Interpressservice: Ecoperspective, 2003. - 592 p.

29. Economic theory (political economy): textbook. for students universities, educational in economics special / Ed. V.I. Vidyapin, G.P. Zhuravleva. - M.: INFRA - M, 1999. - 556 p.

30. Erhard, L. Welfare for everyone: trans. from German/ L. Erhard. - Donetsk: Nord - Press, 2002. - 319 p.

Sample design title page

Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

FSBEI HE "Sevastopol" State University»

Department of Enterprise Economics

Essay

in the discipline Economic Theory

Option No. 2

Completed by: student of group ACT-31z

Ivanov E.V. __________________

Checked by: Ph.D., Associate Professor

Filinkov A.M. ___________________

"_____"_________________20__

Sevastopol 2016

M.: 2017. - 792 p. M.: 2008. - 383 p.

Written on the basis of domestic and foreign literature. Contains all the main topics of the course, defined in the State Educational Standard, approved by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation. The textbook differs from previously published books in that it presents the most complex topics in an accessible form. theoretical problems market economy coupled with Russian reality.

The key problems of economic theory are set out according to the principle: “maximum knowledge - minimum time.” The emphasis is on revealing the essence and role of economic theories and economic laws in the practice of a market economy.

For undergraduates, graduate students studying economics, teachers, as well as for those studying economic theory as part of science and humanities education.

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Format: doc (2008 , 383 pp.)

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CONTENT
SECTION I. INTRODUCTION TO ECONOMIC THEORY
CHAPTER 1. ECONOMIC THEORY: SUBJECT AND METHODS
1.1. SUBJECT OF ECONOMIC THEORY
1.2. FOUNDERS OF ECONOMIC THEORY
1.3. ECONOMIC LAWS
1.4. METHODS OF ECONOMIC THEORY
1.5. LEVELS OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS: MACRO-, MEDIUM- AND MICROANALYSIS
1.6. ECONOMIC POLICY AND ECONOMIC GOALS
1.7. RUSSIAN ECONOMIC POLICY AT THE BEGINNING OF THE III MILLENNIUM
CHAPTER 2. RESOURCES AND NEEDS? THE BASIS OF ANY ECONOMY
2.1. RESOURCES AND THEIR RARITY
2.2. UNLIMITED NEEDS
2.3. ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF PEOPLE: PRODUCTION, DISTRIBUTION, EXCHANGE, CONSUMPTION
2.4. ECONOMY AND EFFICIENCY
2.5. THE NEED FOR CHOICE. TABLE AND PRODUCTION POSSIBILITY CURVE
2.6. LAW OF INCREASING OPPORTUNITY COSTS
CHAPTER 3. FREE MARKET ECONOMY: LIMITED ROLE OF GOVERNMENT
3.1. FREE MARKET ECONOMY: KEY FEATURES
3.2. OWN. PRIVATE PROPERTY AS THE BASIS OF A MARKET ECONOMY
3.3. FREEDOM OF ENTERPRISE AND CHOICE
3.4. PRIORITY OF PERSONAL INTEREST IN DECISION MAKING
3.5. COMPETITION, MARKET AND PRICE SYSTEM
3.6. MARKET ECONOMY? OPEN ECONOMY
3.7. NON-INTERVENTION OF THE GOVERNMENT IN THE ECONOMY
CHAPTER 4. LAW OF DEMAND
4.1. WHAT IS A MARKET? TYPES OF MARKETS. MARKET INFRASTRUCTURE
4.2. THE CONCEPT OF DEMAND. LAW OF DEMAND. DEMAND CURVE
4.3. WHAT DOES CHANGES IN DEMAND DEPEND ON?
4.4. ELASTICITY OF DEMAND AND ITS IMPORTANCE FOR CONSUMERS
CHAPTER 5. LAW OF SUPPLY
5.1. THE CONCEPT OF A PROPOSAL. LAW OF SUPPLY. SUPPLY CURVE
5.2. WHAT DOES A CHANGE IN SUPPLY DEPEND ON?
5.3. ELASTICITY OF SUPPLY AND ITS IMPORTANCE FOR PRODUCERS
CHAPTER 6. LAW OF SUPPLY AND DEMAND
6.1. THE CONCEPT OF EQUILIBRIUM QUANTITY OF GOODS AND EQUILIBRIUM PRICE
6.2. MECHANISM OF FORMATION OF MARKET EQUILIBRIUM
6.3. STATE PRICES
CHAPTER 7. THREE FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEMS OF MARKET ECONOMY
7.1. INTRODUCTION TO THE PROBLEM
7.2. WHAT TO PRODUCE?
7.3. HOW TO PRODUCE?
7.4. FOR WHOM TO PRODUCE?
7.5. HOW ARE THE THREE FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES SOLVED IN DIFFERENT ECONOMIES?
CHAPTER 8. MONEY IN A MARKET ECONOMY
8.1. WHAT IS MONEY?
8.2. FUNCTIONS OF MONEY
8.3. TYPES OF MONEY: COMMODITY, METAL, PAPER, BANK
8.4. HOW BANK DEPOSITS (MONEY) ARE CREATED
8.5. MONEY SUPPLY IN CIRCULATION AND ITS AGGREGATES. THE CONCEPT OF MONETARY SYSTEM
8.6. THE AMOUNT OF PAPER MONEY NEEDED IN CIRCULATION. MONEY TURNOVER
CHAPTER 9. MIXED MARKET ECONOMY: REALITIES OF MODERN CAPITALISM
9.1. MIXED ECONOMY: GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
9.2. THE PRIVATE SECTOR AND ITS ECONOMIC AGENTS
9.3. CIRCULATION OF INCOME, RESOURCES, GOODS AND SERVICES IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR OF THE CLOSED ECONOMY
9.4. PUBLIC SECTOR (GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT AND TRANSFER PAYMENTS)
9.5. CIRCULATION OF INCOME AND EXPENSES IN A MIXED ECONOMY
CHAPTER 10. TRANSITION ECONOMY IN RUSSIA
10.1. WHAT IS AN ECONOMY IN TRANSITION?
10.2. CONCEPT OF RUSSIA'S TRANSITION TO A MARKET ECONOMY
10.3. "ABC" OF TRANSITION TO MARKET RELATIONS
10.4. PRINCIPLES OF PROVIDING FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO RUSSIA BY THE WEST
10.5. WHAT ARE THE SPECIFICS OF THE TRANSITION TO A MARKET ECONOMY IN RUSSIA?
10.6. RESULTS OF TRANSITION ECONOMY IN RUSSIA
10.7. DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION UNTIL 2010
SECTION II. MICROECONOMICS (FIRM ECONOMICS)
CHAPTER 11. THEORY OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOR
11.1. THEORY OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOR
11.2. TWO EXPLANATIONS OF THE LAW OF DEMAND
11.3. RULE OF UTILITY MAXIMIZATION. MARGINAL UTILITY AND THE DEMAND CURVE
11.4. CONSUMER CHOICE AND BUDGETARY CONTAINMENT. INDIFFERENCE CURVES
11.5. ECONOMIC VALUE OF TIME
CHAPTER 12. BUSINESS AND THE FIRM IN A MARKET ECONOMY
12.1. WHAT IS BUSINESS?
12.2. THE COMPANY: ITS INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
12.3. HOW AND WHY DO FIRMS EXPAND?
12.4. FIRMS AS ASSOCIATIONS OF DIFFERENT TYPES
CHAPTER 13. ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL FORMS OF BUSINESS. JOINT-STOCK COMPANY
13.1. LEGAL FORMS OF BUSINESS: SOLE OWNERSHIP; PARTNERSHIP (PARTNERSHIP); CORPORATION
13.2. JOINT STOCK COMPANY (JSC). SHARES AND BONDS
CHAPTER 14. SMALL BUSINESS
14.1. ESSENCE AND MAIN FEATURES OF SMALL BUSINESS
14.2. DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF A SMALL FIRM (MF)
14.3. THE IMPORTANCE OF SMALL BUSINESS (SB) IN THE ECONOMY
14.4. GOVERNMENT SUPPORT OF SMALL BUSINESSES (WORLDWIDE PRACTICE)
14.5. SMALL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIA
14.6. EVENTS FOR STATE SUPPORT OF SMALL BUSINESS IN RUSSIA
CHAPTER 15. COMPANY AND PRODUCTION COSTS
15.1. BASIC CONCEPTS: ADVANCED CAPITAL, PRODUCTION COSTS, SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM PERIODS
15.2. PRODUCTION COSTS IN THE SHORT PERIOD: CONSTANT, VARIABLE, TOTAL, AVERAGE
15.3. LAW OF DIMINING RETURN
15.4. PRODUCTION COSTS IN THE LONG PERIOD
15.5. WHAT SIZE OF ENTERPRISE IS THE MOST EFFECTIVE?
CHAPTER 16. FIRM AND MARKETING
16.1. WHAT IS “MARKETING”?
16.2. PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING
16.3. MARKETING STRATEGY
16.4. PRICING POLICY AND ITS ROLE IN MARKETING
16.5. SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND ETHICS IN BUSINESS
CHAPTER 17. COMPANY AND TRADE (WHOLESALE AND RETAIL)
17.1. STATEMENT OF A QUESTION
17.2. WHOLESALE
17.3. RETAIL
17.4. ADVERTISING? ENGINE OF TRADE IN A MARKET ECONOMY
17.5. ADVERTISING AND PRICES
CHAPTER 18. COMPANY AND MANAGEMENT
18.1. WHAT IS MANAGEMENT? ITS LEVELS
18.2. COMPANY MANAGEMENT: BASIC PRINCIPLES
18.3. CLASSIFICATION OF MANAGEMENT STRUCTURES
18.4. MOTIVATION IN MANAGEMENT
18.5. ENSURING EFFECTIVE OPERATION OF THE ORGANIZATION
18.6. PROBLEMS OF RUSSIAN MANAGEMENT
CHAPTER 19. THE FIRM AND THE LABOR MARKET. DEMAND AND SUPPLY OF LABOR. WAGE
19.1. LABOR AND LABOR FORCE. FEATURES OF LABOR FORCE AS A GOODS
19.2. THE LAW OF SUPPLY AND DEMAND: THE MECHANISM OF ITS ACTION IN THE LABOR MARKET
19.3. SALARY AND ITS TYPES
19.4. EQUILIBRIUM PRICE OF LABOR (WAGES) AND EQUILIBRIUM LEVEL OF EMPLOYMENT
19.5. THE ECONOMIC EFFECT OF THE MINIMUM WAGE AND TRADE UNIONS
19.6. INEQUALITY IN NATIONAL INCOME DISTRIBUTION. LORENZ CURVE. GINNY COEFFICIENT
19.7. INVESTMENT IN HUMAN CAPITAL
19.8. RUSSIAN INCOME POLICY AND SOCIAL SUPPORT OF THE POPULATION
CHAPTER 20. COMPANY AND PROFIT
20.1. PROFIT: ECONOMIC AND NORMAL
20.2. FUNCTIONS AND SOURCES OF PROFIT
20.4. PROFIT GROWTH FACTORS
CHAPTER 21. THE FIRM AND THE MONEY CAPITAL MARKET. LOAN INTEREST RATE
21.1. NATURE OF LOAN CAPITAL
21.2. LOAN (BANK) INTEREST AND ITS RATE
21.3. THE ROLE OF INTEREST RATES IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
CHAPTER 22. COMPANY AND LAND MARKET. LAND RENT. RENT. PRICE OF LAND
22.1. LAND RENT: DEFINITION. RENT
22.2. TYPES OF LAND RENT
22.3. PRICE OF LAND
22.4. ALTERNATIVE LAND USE OPTIONS
CHAPTER 23. A FIRM IN PURE COMPETITION
23.1. STATEMENT OF THE QUESTION: MARKET MODELS
23.2. PURE OR PERFECT COMPETITION: CHARACTERISTICS
23.3. HOW FOR A FIRM TO DETERMINE THE VOLUME OF PRODUCTION THAT BRINGS MAXIMUM PROFIT OR MINIMUM LOSS IN THE SHORT PERIOD: TWO APPROACHES
23.4. HOW DOES A FIRM DETERMINE THE VOLUME OF PRODUCTION THAT BRINGS MAXIMUM PROFIT OR MINIMUM LOSS IN THE LONG PERIOD?
23.5. EFFICIENCY OF A FIRM IN CONDITIONS OF PURE COMPETITION
CHAPTER 24. A FIRM IN CONDITIONS OF MONOPOLISTIC (IMPERFECT) COMPETITION
24.1. MONOPOLISTIC (IMPERFECT) COMPETITION: CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES
24.2. MONOPOLY AS A FORM OF MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION
24.3. DETERMINING PRICE, PRODUCTION VOLUME AND MAXIMIZING PROFIT IN THE SHORT AND LONG TERM
24.4. COSTS OF MONOPOLY COMPETITION
24.5. NON-PRICE COMPETITION. ADVERTISING: SUPPORTERS AND CRITICS
CHAPTER 25. A FIRM IN AN OLIGOPOLY (IMPERFECT COMPETITION)
25.1. OLIGOPOLY: ESSENCE AND CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES
25.2. DETERMINATION OF PRICE AND PRODUCTION VOLUME
25.3. ROLE OF NON-PRICE COMPETITION
25.4. EFFECTIVENESS OF OLIGOPOLY: TWO POINTS OF VIEW
CHAPTER 26. FIRM IN CONDITIONS OF NATURAL (PURE) MONOPOLY
26.1. NATURAL (PURE) MONOPOLY: CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES
26.2. NATURAL MONOPOLY AND COMPETITION
26.3. DETERMINING PRODUCTION VOLUME, PRICES AND MAXIMIZING PROFIT
26.4. THE VALUE OF NATURAL MONOPOLY FROM SOCIETY'S POINT OF VIEW
26.5. THE ROLE OF NATURAL MONOPOLY IN A MARKET ECONOMY
26.6. REFORMING NATURAL MONOPOLY IN RUSSIA
SECTION III. MACROECONOMICS
CHAPTER 27. GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT
27.1. GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT (GNP): DEFINITION
27.2. PRODUCTION AND REPRODUCTION OF GNP
27.3. CALCULATION OF GNP: BY PRODUCTION, INCOME AND EXPENSES
27.4. MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS DERIVED FROM GNP
27.5. NOMINAL AND REAL GNP. NATIONAL WEALTH AND ITS DIFFERENCE FROM GNP
CHAPTER 28. AGGREGATE DEMAND AND AGGREGATE SUPPLY. RATCHET EFFECT
28.1. TOTAL VALUES (AGGREGATES) IN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
28.2. AGGREGATE DEMAND. AGGREGATE DEMAND CURVE. NON-PRICE FACTORS
28.3. TOTAL OFFER. AGGREGATE SUPPLY CURVE. NON-PRICE FACTORS
28.4. EQUILIBRIUM: REAL PRODUCTION VOLUME AND PRICE LEVEL
28.5. RATCHET EFFECT
CHAPTER 29. CYCLICITY IN A MARKET ECONOMY
29.1. WHAT IS AN ECONOMIC CYCLE? PHASES OF THE CYCLE
29.2. CAUSES OF ECONOMIC CYCLES
29.3. DURATION OF ECONOMIC CYCLES
CHAPTER 30. KEYNESIAN THEORY OF COMING OUT OF THE ECONOMIC CRISIS
30.1. CONSUMPTION, SAVINGS, INVESTMENTS: GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
30.2. KEYNESIAN THEORY OF AGGREGATE DEMAND. MULTIPLIER MODEL
30.3. ACCELERATION PRINCIPLE
30.4. MODEL OF INTERACTION OF MULTIPLIER-ACCELERATOR
30.5. RUSSIAN ECONOMY: WAYS OUT OF THE CRISIS
CHAPTER 31. INFLATION
31.1. INFLATION: DEFINITION. OPEN AND SUPPRESSED INFLATION
31.2. TYPES OF INFLATION
31.3. MEASURING INFLATION
31.4. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF INFLATION. HYPERINFLATION
31.5. ANTI-INFLATION POLICY
31.6. FEATURES OF RUSSIAN INFLATION AND WAYS TO OVERCOME IT
CHAPTER 32. UNEMPLOYMENT. THE PROBLEM OF EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN RUSSIA
32.1. THE CONCEPT OF UNEMPLOYMENT AND THE REASONS FOR ITS APPEARANCE
32.2. MAIN TYPES OF UNEMPLOYMENT
32.3. UNEMPLOYMENT RATE. LEVEL OF TOTAL AND REGISTERED UNEMPLOYMENT IN RUSSIA
32.4. FULL EMPLOYMENT. NATURAL RATE OF UNEMPLOYMENT
32.5. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF UNEMPLOYMENT
32.6. THE PROBLEM OF EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN RUSSIA
32.7. MAIN DIRECTIONS FOR MAINTAINING EMPLOYMENT OF THE POPULATION AND COMBATING UNEMPLOYMENT IN MODERN RUSSIA
CHAPTER 33. PUBLIC FINANCE
33.1. WHAT IS PUBLIC FINANCE?
33.2. STATE REVENUE. TAXES AND THEIR STRUCTURE: DIRECT AND INDIRECT TAXES. LAFFER CURVE
33.3. DISTRIBUTION OF TAX BURDEN
33.4. GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES AND THEIR STRUCTURE
33.5. GOVERNMENT LOANS AS A WAY TO COVER THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES AND INCOME
33.6. MAIN TASKS OF TAX REFORM IN RUSSIA AT THE BEGINNING OF THE III MILLENNIUM
CHAPTER 34. STATE BUDGET. STATE DEBT
34.1. STATE BUDGET: SURPLUS AND DEFICIT
34.2. PUBLIC DEBT: DEFINITION AND PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH IT
34.3. METHODS OF COMBATING BUDGET DEFICIT AND GROWTH OF PUBLIC DEBT
34.4. FEATURES OF PUBLIC DEBT POLICY IN RUSSIA
34.5. BUDGET POLICY OF RUSSIA
CHAPTER 35. STATE FISCAL POLICY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
35.1. STATE FISCAL POLICY: DEFINITION AND ITS TYPES
35.2. NEOCLASSICAL SYNTHESIS AS THE BASIS OF THE STATE ECONOMIC POLICY
35.3. KEYNESIANS AND MONETARISTS: THEIR INFLUENCE ON ECONOMIC POLICY
35.4. THE EFFECT OF NET EXPORTS AND PROBLEMS OF FISCAL POLICY IN THE WORLD ECONOMY
CHAPTER 36. ECONOMIC GROWTH
36.1. WHAT IS ECONOMIC GROWTH? DEFINITION, MEASUREMENT, MEANING
36.2. FACTORS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH
36.3. FACTORS CONSTRAINTING ECONOMIC GROWTH
36.4. MODELS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH
36.5. THE STATE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH
36.6. SUPPORTERS AND CRITICS OF THE THEORY OF ECONOMIC GROWTH
36.7. POLICY OF ECONOMIC GROWTH IN RUSSIA IN THE XXI CENTURY.
CHAPTER 37. INFRASTRUCTURE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH
37.1. INFRASTRUCTURE: DEFINITION AND SPECIFIC FEATURES
37.2. IMPACT OF INFRASTRUCTURE ON ECONOMIC GROWTH
37.3. CONTROL SYSTEM OVER INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT
37.4. PRIORITY TASKS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURE IN RUSSIA
SECTION IV. WORLD ECONOMY (INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND INTERNATIONAL FINANCE)
CHAPTER 38. INTERNATIONAL (Foreign) TRADE
38.1. INTERNATIONAL (Foreign) TRADE: GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
38.2. WHY DOES INTERNATIONAL TRADE ARISE?
38.3. ROLE OF FOREIGN TRADE
38.4. CIRCULATION OF INCOME AND EXPENSES INCLUDING FOREIGN TRADE
CHAPTER 39. THEORIES OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE. GLOBALIZATION THEORY
39.1. THEORIES OF ABSOLUTE ADVANTAGE AND COMPARATIVE COSTS OF PRODUCTION
39.2. HECKSCHER'S THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE? OLINA
39.3. "LEONTIEV'S PARADOX"
39.4. ALTERNATIVE THEORIES OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE
39.5. GLOBALIZATION THEORY
CHAPTER 40. FREE TRADE AND PROTECTIONISM
40.1. THE NATURE OF FREE TRADE
40.2. PROTECTIONISM: ECONOMIC ARGUMENTS IN ITS FAVOR
40.3. ECONOMIC ARGUMENTS AGAINST PROTECTIONIST POLICIES
40.4. CUSTOMS UNION
CHAPTER 41. EFFICIENCY OF FOREIGN TRADE
41.1. GAINS FROM FOREIGN TRADE AND ITS DISTRIBUTION
41.2. TERMS OF TRADE
41.3. INFLUENCE OF FOREIGN TRADE ON CHANGES IN THE STRUCTURE OF DEMAND AND SUPPLY
41.4. FOREIGN TRADE MULTIPLIER
41.5. FOREIGN TRADE OF RUSSIA
CHAPTER 42. CURRENCY
42.1. WHAT IS CURRENCY? CURRENCY CONVERTIBILITY. DEVALUATION AND REVALUATION OF CURRENCY
42.2. EXCHANGE RATE. NOMINAL AND REAL EXCHANGE RATES
42.3. WORLD MONETARY SYSTEMS
CHAPTER 43. BALANCE OF PAYMENTS AND ITS STRUCTURE
43.1. WHAT IS BALANCE OF PAYMENT?
43.2. BALANCE OF PAYMENTS STRUCTURE
43.3. CAUSES OF CHRONIC BALANCE OF PAYMENTS DEFICIT AND WAYS TO ELIMINATE IT
CHAPTER 44. FOREIGN ECONOMIC POLICY OF RUSSIA IN THE TRANSITION ECONOMY
44.1. LIBERALIZATION OF FOREIGN TRADE
44.2. NEW ROLE OF THE STATE IN FOREIGN TRADE
44.3. FOREIGN TRADE POLICY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
44.4. FOREIGN INVESTMENT IN RUSSIA
44.5. CREATION OF A FAVORABLE INVESTMENT CLIMATE IN THE RF IN THE XXI CENTURY.
44.6. CURRENCY MARKET IN RUSSIA
44.7. FOREIGN ECONOMIC POLICY OF RUSSIA AT THE BEGINNING OF THE III MILLENNIUM
SECTION V. ECONOMY AND SOCIAL POLICY IN RUSSIA UNTIL 2010
CHAPTER 45. RUSSIAN ECONOMY AND ITS DEVELOPMENT MODEL AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XXI CENTURY.
45.1. SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMAGE OF RUSSIA IN THE LAST DECADE OF THE XX CENTURY.
45.2. WAYS TO RESTORE THE DESTROYED RUSSIAN ECONOMY AND SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT OF RUSSIANS
45.3. DOMINANTS OF RUSSIAN CIVILIZATION AT THE BEGINNING OF THE III MILLENNIUM
CHAPTER 46. SOCIAL POLICY OF RUSSIA AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XXI CENTURY AND ITS LONG-TERM PERSPECTIVE
46.1. WHAT IS SOCIAL POLICY?
46.2. SOCIAL SITUATION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AT THE TURN OF THE XXI CENTURY AND ITS MAIN GOALS
46.3. FORMATION OF SOCIAL PARTNERSHIP POLICY AND MECHANISMS OF ITS DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIA
46.4. THE NON-PROFIT SECTOR AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO SOLVING SOCIAL PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 47. INCOME POLICY AND SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEM IN RUSSIA
47.1. DYNAMICS OF LIVING STANDARDS AND PRINCIPLES OF INCOME DISTRIBUTION
47.2. FEATURES OF FORMATION OF NOMINAL AND REAL INCOME OF THE POPULATION DURING THE TRANSITION TO A MARKET ECONOMY
47.3. MAIN TRENDS IN THE DYNAMICS OF REAL INCOME OF THE POPULATION DURING THE ECONOMIC REFORM
47.4. WAGES: DISADVANTAGES AND PROBLEMS OF ITS REGULATION
47.5. PRINCIPLES FOR FORMING INCOME POLICY
CHAPTER 48. CONCEPT OF SOCIAL PROTECTION OF THE POPULATION: THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS
48.1. SOCIAL PROTECTION OF THE POPULATION: ESSENCE, PRINCIPLES, DIRECTIONS
48.2. FORMS AND METHODS OF SOCIAL PROTECTION
48.3. WAYS TO DEVELOP THE SYSTEM OF SOCIAL PROTECTION OF THE POPULATION
48.4. REFORMING THE SOCIAL INSURANCE SYSTEM
48.5. THREE OPTIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT SCENARIOS OF THE SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEM FOR THE COMING DECADE
48.6. PROSPECTS, GOALS AND TASKS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEM IN RUSSIA
CHAPTER 49. BASIC CONCEPTS OF THE HISTORY OF ECONOMIC TEACHINGS
49.1. FOUNDERS OF ECONOMIC THEORY: FROM MERCANTILISM TO MARGINALISM
49.2. CLASSICAL POLITICAL ECONOMY
49.3. TEACHINGS OF ADAM SMITH
49.4. TEACHINGS OF DAVID RICARDO
49.5. ECONOMIC ROMANTICISM
49.6. ECONOMIC THOUGHT OF THE 20-30'S. XIX century
49.7. ECONOMIC TEACHING OF K. MARX AND F. ENGELS
49.8. ECONOMIC THOUGHT OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY.