Assembling a Mongolian yurt or how to assemble a yurt. Yurt for a summer residence: a modern alternative to a traditional house Do-it-yourself wooden yurt

The yurt is the main dwelling of the nomads of the Central and Central Asia, as well as the southern regions of Siberia. The frame of the yurt consists of wooden bars and poles, which are covered with felt. Felt is a dense material made from sheep or camel wool (the material from which the well-known felt boots are made). To make felt from wool, the wool must be crushed and ground for a long time and with force so that it becomes completely tangled.

According to archaeologists, the first prototype of the yurt existed three thousand years ago. On the territory of what is now Kazakhstan, scientists have discovered buildings identical to those used by the nomadic tribes of Asia for thousands of years. These were round or polyhedral buildings with frame walls made of vertical poles, with a wattle fence, with a conical or pyramidal ceiling resting on a frame through which smoke or simply a chimney came out. In the center of the yurt there is a cauldron for cooking - a cauldron. The hole for light and smoke is located at the very top of the dome.

Naturally, on cold or rainy days the top opening of the yurt should be tightly closed. And it was covered with felt (felt - best variety felt, which prevents wind and moisture from entering). It was the folding lattice walls, sliding apart like accordion bellows, found on the territory of Kazakhstan that became the fundamental difference between the yurt and its predecessors, which resembled an ordinary hut.

The round shape and mobility of the yurt reflected both protection from the weather and the economic way of life of the nomad. The nomadic yurt is sensitive to temperature fluctuations, responds to weather changes, perfectly protects from the slight precipitation, saves from the heat in the summer, and from the cold in the winter. This unique ability is quite significant. Indeed, in some areas of Asia the air temperature in summer is +40 C, and in winter -30 C. Nomads are a steppe people; strong winds and real hurricanes.

The structure of the yurt, consisting of a wooden lattice and porous wool felt, plays the role of a thermostat, maintaining a constant thermal regime inside the home. It is possible to organize circular ventilation in the yurt, for which you need to slightly raise the felt felt at the base, as a result of which the air will circulate perfectly. Almost nothing is scary in the yurt natural disasters– its structure can withstand severe hurricanes and earthquakes without any problems.

As confirmation of the versatility and comfort of the yurt, it is appropriate to quote the lines of the Great Chinese poet Bo Ju-i, who witnessed the times when almost the entire Middle and Middle East lived in the yurt. central Asia. This is how he describes the nomadic dwelling:

Wool was collected from a thousand sheep, Hundreds of rings were forged, The round frame from coastal willows is durable, fresh, comfortable and beautiful. In the northern transparent blue, the Warrior set up a yurt on the grass, And now, like a blue haze, It came with him to the south. The yurt cannot be shaken by a whirlwind, Its chest hardens from the rain, There are no walls or corners in it, But inside it is cozy and warm. Moving away from the steppes and mountains, Yurta wandered into my yard. Her shadow is beautiful under the moon, And in winter she is always with me. Felt against frost is a wall, Even a shroud of snow is not scary...

The dimensions of the yurt optimally correspond to the scale of a person, interior layout takes into account the interests and tastes of its inhabitants, ensures the most comfortable economic and household activities in the steppe conditions.

The lightweight, collapsible building is adapted for transportation by pack animals. The total weight of the yurt with furniture is about 300-400 kg, which is the carrying capacity of just one camel. The diameter of an ordinary residential yurt is 4.5-8 m, the height in the center is 3.5-5 m. Installation or dismantling takes no more than one hour. The design of the yurt consists of nine main parts.

The frame of the walls is made up of interconnected folding wooden gratings, which determine the size and capacity of the home. Each lattice consists of flat slats, superimposed on one another in an oblique cage and fastened with rawhide belts.

Yurt for a summer residence: a modern alternative to a traditional house

Due to the fact that these slats are compressed or stretched like an accordion, you can vary the size of the yurt. The skeleton of the roof, forming the vault, consists of planed poles, which are stuck at the top into a special circle - the center of the roof, and at the bottom they rest on the lattice of the walls.

In the steppe there were yurts from small residential ones to huge nomadic temples and yurt palaces. Depending on geographical conditions, mainly on the amount of precipitation, the appearance yurts The dwelling could have a spherical (Mongolian type) or conical shape (Turkic type), the first has a roof in the shape of a low cone, the second a dome. The Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, Karakalpaks, Uzbeks and Bashkirs had both types, while the Turkmen had the Turkic type. The inside of the walls is decorated with a straw mat. In winter, Kazakhs hang 2-3 rows of straw mats on the walls, and the space between them is filled with straw. The floor is covered with carpets and sheepskin.

The size of the yurt was formed from its functional purpose. Thus, if an ordinary residential yurt of a nomad, consisting of 3-4 composite lattice walls, had a capacity of 8–10 people, then large prefabricated yurts-palaces of leaders already consisted of 10–25 lattice walls and could accommodate 50–100 people. The large portable yurt of the last khan of Mongolia could accommodate 500 people.

There were special ritual yurts - wedding and mourning. Wedding yurts were especially beautiful, with an abundance of ornaments and bright colors. But in mourning yurts, the color symbol of death was not necessarily black, as among Europeans, and not only white, as among the Far Eastern peoples. A red cloth was raised over the mourning yurt if a young person was dying, black if he was a middle-aged person, white if he was elderly.

You will need:

• Cardboard
• Flannel or flannelette fabric
• Multi-colored yarn
• Drape fabric

There are several options for making a cardboard yurt. You will need template markup. Fold the cardboard (preferably thin for ease of work) in half, and circle half of the structure. You will be guaranteed symmetry, since the cardboard was bent evenly, which means that the parts are located at an equal distance from the middle of the center.

Now cut the template, starting from the bottom edge of the cardboard, rounding as you cut. And in the middle, cut out the entrance hole to our building, which at the same time wrap the tube up, above the entrance, and then unfold the cardboard, following the contours of the fold. Now, to complete the solution, the question of how to make a yurt remains to be decorated with a national ornament.

It can be a traditional geometric pattern, or you can come up with something of your own, as your imagination tells you. The ornament is separately cut out and painted in various colors, and now you need to glue the resulting yurt onto another sheet of thin cardboard or onto a simple landscape sheet. There is another option for a cardboard yurt.

First of all, you will need to create a bottom for the yurt using cardboard. Also using cardboard, build the ceiling of the yurt. Naturally, the walls located inside the structure should also be made of cardboard, like the ceiling and bottom. Now you will need to cover the cardboard with other materials, since it is the basis.

You can use, as mentioned above, both flannel fabric and flannel, if suddenly you do not have one of them. After you line the bottom inside our yurt with baize or flannel, move on to the outer layer of cardboard, it is the basis of the product here, since we have a question about how to make a yurt from cardboard. You will need to cover the outer layer of cardboard with drape.

How to build a yurt. DIY yurt.

Do the same with the wall of the yurt.

And finally, simply sew the walls and bottom of the yurt part. Cover the inside of the ceiling with flannel fabric or flannel, but use cotton wool on the outside to create volume. It should be about two centimeters. And also sew it to the walls. All that remains is to create the braids using yarn. Tie them and decorate the side of the yurt with them, both below and above. Possibly in several rows. Also braid the outside of the yurt with yarn patterns.

All folk crafts

If you are tired of standard gazebos in the courtyard of your house, you want something exotic and at the same time cozy - try building a real yurt with your own hands. Such a house is also portable and can easily replace a tent while traveling.

We touched on the history of the yurt when we wrote about prehistoric architecture. However, now we are interested in how to build such portable house with your own hands on your own site as a gazebo, summer kitchen, even a guest house. Let's compare traditional technologies and materials that have been used for many centuries with modern capabilities that facilitate the process of building a yurt on a personal plot.

The advantages of a traditional yurt include:

• Ease of assembly and disassembly of the entire structure - with proper skill and the presence of an assistant, the process takes no more than an hour or two;
• Reliability. Thanks to its round shape, the yurt perfectly withstands strong winds, even hurricanes, and protects from precipitation;
• Unlike ordinary gazebos, you can use a yurt in winter if you install a stove inside and ensure the proper thickness and density of the walls. In the summer, raising the felt allows you to ventilate the room and make it very cool and comfortable;
• The yurt looks very exotic, it will not leave guests indifferent; the inside can be decorated with carpets, other interesting details, and on top - with embroidered bedspreads;
• A portable yurt usually weighs 150–200 kg, maximum 300, so it can be easily transported;
• All materials for a yurt are traditionally environmentally friendly, although now they can be replaced with modern analogues, but there are still suitable environmentally friendly options.

So, the first thing you need to build your own yurt is wooden slats. Traditionally, they were made from black willow, willow growing along river banks, or birch. Now you can buy ready-made slats and flashing, which cost from 12 rubles per linear meter. The slats must be bend-resistant, because the yurt will be round. It's easy to check - swing a long rod; if it has knots and cracks, it will break.

Approximate dimensions of the slats: thickness from 8 to 15 mm, width - from 25 to 40 mm, length should be about three meters, maybe 2.5 m, depending on the height of your walls. To work with wooden planks, you will need a handsaw or jigsaw to make them the same length, as well as a drill to drill holes for fasteners and a screwdriver or screwdriver.

Historically, the slats were fastened to each other diagonally, with an oblique cage to create diamond-shaped holes, with rawhide belts made from the skin of grazing livestock, tied into knots. Holes were made at the joints of the slats for this purpose. Nowadays, knots made from belts can be replaced with a furniture tie of a suitable size, but no one has canceled the pre-made holes. For example, for a 12 mm thick rail, you will need a coupler for the running profile with a sleeve length of 10 mm.

If the yurt is truly portable and collapsible, it is very important that the lattice of slats is assembled like an accordion! Therefore, self-tapping screws for fastening slats are not suitable - you will just get a stationary grille for the gazebo.

Alternatively, you can collect metal carcass, we don’t argue, but it will be heavier and not authentic. In addition, it is already more difficult to find suitable metal slats, and working with metal may require the availability of additional tools, for example, grinders and metal drills.

The dimensions of the cells were traditionally described as being large enough to fit a fist or two of an adult’s fists. The smaller the diamonds on the lattice of the yurt, the stronger the structure will be, but the more material. Choose the size yourself, for example, 10–15–20 cm between the slats, the main thing is that all the cells are the same, and there are at least five fasteners on one slat.

Usually in one section of the lattice there are 44 or 48 slats, 22 or 24 in each direction, because they overlap each other. A standard yurt consists of 5 or 6 of these grids, which are moved apart and installed in a circle.

When the lattice walls are ready, it’s time to start arranging the roof. The most important thing here will be to choose the length of the rafters to match the height and size of your yurt, and also to make a light-smoke rim. As for the rafters that will connect the walls with the rim that crowns the entire yurt, you can take laminated veneer lumber, which can withstand a serious load. If the yurt is six meters long, you will need at least 36 rafters three meters long and with a section of 90 by 40 mm. For an eight-meter yurt, rafters four meters long and with a cross-section of 120 by 45 mm will require at least 48. You can also take a solid beam.

Important! You can simply calculate the optimal number of rafters: how many intersections you have on the lattice-wall - the same number of upper planks that fit exactly in the crosshairs.

The distance between the rafters should be at least 60 cm; the smaller the distance, the more reliable the roof will be. There are yurts where the number of rafters exceeds a hundred.

As for the rim, the light-smoke hole in the roof of the yurt, it was traditionally made from twisted birch trunks. This wood is not so difficult to bend, especially if it is pre-soaked, the rim can be made from two semicircular halves connected to each other. The tree was further distorted by steaming and bending with stakes.

Nowadays, a circle rim for the roof of a yurt can be made from plywood with a thickness of at least 20 mm. You will need a jigsaw, hand clamps, a pendulum Circular Saw, plywood itself and wood glue.

Important! In a traditional yurt, there are arc strips on top of the rim window, which make it possible to conveniently cover a shallow hole in the roof. However, now you can do without them.

It is necessary to cut through holes in the rim in order to insert the rafters. The roof beams of the yurt are traditionally attached to the lattice of the walls with ropes in the places of the crosses - the connections of the planks. Individual sections of the lattice are also connected to each other with belts or ropes. It is also advisable to stretch a cord, belt, rope along the entire diameter of the yurt walls to make the structure even more reliable.

Let us separately mention the doorway. It is made from boards, the standard opening is 200 by 80 cm. Mandatory on the side jambs doorway through holes are drilled to fasten it to the gratings of the wall into which it will fit. The doorway is secured with straps or ropes. In the upper part of the jamb, holes are made for inserting rafters and dome poles.

The door itself can be very ordinary; find an old interior door; if the yurt is a winter one, insulate it with a blanket or felt bedding. If the yurt is used only in the summer, it will be enough to cover doorway canopy, just a beautiful curtain.

Now let's move on to covering the yurt. Traditionally, it was covered with felt made from sheep's wool. Now you can use this modern material like holofiber. It will be enough to cover a summer yurt on your site with an ordinary awning, tarpaulin that protects from rain, and other covering materials. You can also insulate and at the same time decorate the walls with mats. The grating of the wall from the inside should remain visible; it is painted red - this is a tradition and simply an attractive decorative option.

There are usually at least two layers of covering in a yurt - external and internal, so you can not limit your imagination and make your portable house surprisingly attractive both inside and outside with the help of textile and non-woven panels.

As for the floor, it all depends on your plans regarding the use of the yurt. If it will serve exclusively in the summer, then let it be just textiles on the ground, light, beautiful, comfortable. Or even a lawn on which there will be benches and a table for gatherings.

For winter use, carpets alone will not be enough; you need a plank floor. Some homeowners make a light foundation, but this turns out not to be a portable nomadic house at all, but a stationary gazebo.

The stove in a yurt is always placed in the center, under the light and smoke hole. A chimney is placed in it, and the stove can be an ordinary potbelly stove installed on a metal sheet for safety.

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Home is where love lives, where memories are made, every person needs a home. Some inherit, others buy, and there are those who build with their own hands. Zach Both and Nicole Lopez are people who built their home with the help of friends and family.

They didn't just build a house, they built a yurt!

The couple created a website called "Do It Yurtself" where they not only detail the process of creating your own yurt, but also offer useful information for those who decide to do something similar.

“The finished yurt is 9 meters in diameter, with an area of ​​68 square meters, with additional attic floor 18.5 square meters,” says Zach Both, “This yurt was built over one weekend with a group of friends, most of whom were building for the first time.”

“Our own little oasis 20 minutes from downtown Portland.”

“Day 1 in place. Trying to clear as much of the blackberry bushes as possible."

A total of 65 thousand dollars were spent on the yurt: 41 thousand for components, the rest for furniture and household appliances.

Construction of the base


It required 128 36kg bags of concrete, mixed on site and poured by hand.

When the base was ready, they brought a yurt kit from Washington

“The first layer of the roof is fabric covering. This is what you see from the inside. The plastic coating is temporary, so it didn't show stains from the recently painted black rafters. Next comes the reflective foil insulation. We chose two layers. The final vinyl roof is waterproof and weighs over 200 pounds.

After installing electricity and plumbing, the couple decided to decorate the interiors


"Nicole does a great job sanding the finished floor."

And the finished result is truly amazing!

A Kazakh yurt is easy to make with your own hands. The craft has become traditional for the spring holiday Nauryz. It is one of the ancient customs of Asia, symbolizing the arrival of spring. On the eve of this holiday, it is customary to decorate the house by making various Kazakh national crafts with your own hands. One of the traditional ones is the yurt - a symbol of the nomadic people. What do you need to make a colorful yurt with your own hands?

The design of a yurt is almost always made in the shape of a hemisphere and is complemented by a dome-sphere. Such frame collapsible houses are characterized by windows with felt curtains, and a felt roller always hangs above the entrance. When making a yurt, you should take into account all these features to make the craft as believable as possible.

You can make a craft from various materials, including plasticine, fabric, plastic and scrap materials. But most often the products are made of paper.

Do you want to try your hand at handicrafts and make a yurt yourself? Then prepare the following materials and tools:

• thick paper or cardboard;
• soft fabric;
• bright yarn;
• glue;
• scissors;
• simple pencil.

Additionally, to decorate the yurt, you may need beads, narrow ribbons, pieces of bright fabric and colorful pictures with any ornament.

Making the craft will not take much time. Now you just have to be patient, turn on your imagination and start working.

To make your paper yurt beautiful and stable, follow this algorithm:

1. Take a sheet of thick paper. Measure 6 cm from the top. Using a simple pencil, draw a horizontal line. Place dots along the line at a distance of 2 cm.
2. Draw lines along the points. Fold the sheet along a long horizontal line. Cut 2 cm pieces to the fold line.
3. Fold the whole part of the sheet in half. Glue the resulting parts together. Right the inside Spread the sheet with glue and glue the workpiece to form a cylinder.
4. Take another sheet and cut out a circle with a diameter of 5 cm. Glue all the short pieces to it to make the roof of the yurt.
5. Having made a mock-up of a yurt from cardboard, carefully make two cuts in the middle at a distance of 3 cm. This will be the entrance hole. Wrap the piece up with a tube above the entrance. The skeleton of the yurt is ready.

To make the craft bright and beautiful, put in a little more effort and decorate it with national ornaments. Remember that among the real Kazakh steppe nomads, the inside of the yurt was hung with carpets, ribbons that ward off evil spirits, and carpets on the floor. Therefore, there can be many ideas for creativity, and you can decorate your creation not only outside, but also inside.

You can draw and cut out ribbons with fancy designs and glue them to cardboard. The walls inside the yurt can be lined with flannel fabric. It is recommended to make the bottom the size of the yurt and glue a different piece of drape to it.

To make it more realistic, weave thin braids from multi-colored threads and decorate the yurt with them outside and inside.

If you are working on a craft with a child, use multi-colored paper to create a colorful applique. Such a yurt, made from the heart, will be an excellent present for family and friends on Nauryz.

If you have country cottage area or a large vegetable garden, sooner or later there is a desire to acquire your own house so that you can comfortably relax in nature, store agricultural tools, or simply invite guests to barbecue. But building a traditional cottage is a rather expensive and time-consuming undertaking. In addition, it is necessary to coordinate the project and many bureaucratic nuances in the relevant authorities.

But there are modern alternative solutions that allow you to get all the advantages of a traditional country house at a modest price. The choice of a modern summer resident is a yurt instead of a house. And all because it meets the basic requirements that are put forward during construction:

• It is being built in the shortest possible time.
• It has a technological design.
• Does not require significant cash investments.
• Has the possibility of refurbishment.
• Practical and durable.

In addition to the listed advantages, a yurt made according to all the rules has other advantages, which we will consider below.

Yurts: specifics of construction and operation

A yurt is a round frame portable house. At first glance, the home may seem primitive to a person who has lived within four walls all his life. But yurts have been tested for thousands of years; the peoples of the Altai Territory, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, the Mongols and many nomadic tribes lived and live in such buildings.

Since the yurt was invented by nomads, it was created to be mobile, easily assembled and disassembled. The structure is erected literally within two hours. And it disassembles even faster, you can do it in just an hour. At the same time, a dwelling installed in accordance with all the rules will reliably stand for more than one month, creating optimal conditions for living or recreation in any season. This is why modern summer residents believe that best house for a summer residence - a yurt.

It is noteworthy that having decided to bet on suburban area such a design, you do not need to look for drawings and materials yourself. Already on sale ready-made options different diameters: 3, 5, 6 meters. Such houses can easily accommodate from 3 to 8 people, and if you plan to have a one-night stay, if you have some space, you can invite up to 12 guests.

Factory yurt design

A yurt made by specialists is a set of ready-made elements and fasteners. It is enough to follow the instructions to assemble a strong and reliable house. The kit includes the following items:

• Skeleton Grates and poles.
• Covering made of natural materials (felt).
• Dome (it has a hole for lighting and ventilation).
• Side felts. Sewn from modern fabrics that have found application in tourism industry. They perform several functions at once: they create a comfortable microclimate and prevent insects from getting inside. They can be raised for ventilation or lighting.

When disassembled, the yurt takes up very little space, and the most spacious version weighs no more than 300 kg. This means that it can be transported in a regular passenger car. If you decide to install the yurt only for the warm season, at the end it is enough to disassemble it, and you can store it at home or in the garage, it will not take up much space.

Advantages of using a yurt as a country house

We can safely say that a yurt is a universal structure that combines all the advantages of an ordinary country house and a modern tent. It is possible to set up a yurt for several years without thinking about the need for assembly. But it is much wiser to remove it in the cold season, thereby extending its service life.

Owners will no longer have to think about how to protect their property from vandals and dacha thieves, which are one of the most serious problems in dacha villages. Closing the season, the owners of the yurt leave behind a clean summer cottage, and take with them a compact package that next year will again turn into a cozy cottage.

In addition, factory yurts have the following advantages:

• Affordable price. It is slightly higher than that of a tent, but several times lower than that of a traditional small cottage.
• Mobility. You can transport the yurt using any transport.
• Easy to use. The structure is easy to assemble and disassemble even in the absence of special skills.
• Comfortable microclimate. The yurt is created in the image and likeness of the dwellings of nomadic tribes, inside all year round a comfortable temperature level is maintained. It is cool in the tent in summer, and warm in autumn and winter.
• Can be used in any season. Yurts are made from materials that can withstand any precipitation, strong winds, hurricanes and other disasters.
• Ecological cleanliness. Used environmentally in production clean materials: wood, wool, felt.
• Durability. All elements are created in strict accordance with standards; they are durable and resistant to any environmental influences.
• Versatility. The yurt can be used not only as country house, but also as a comfortable tent. It can be easily disassembled and taken with you on long trips. hiking trips, for active recreation, solving all the problems with overnight stays in the open air.

Modern country yurts: individual solutions for everyone

When a dacha is built, each owner chooses the optimal parameters: materials, dimensions, number of floors, degree of insulation and insulation. It’s the same with yurts, you can choose.