Modern methods of insulating external walls. Types of insulation for external walls of a house

When calculating the heat loss of a house, it was found that losses through walls average about 40% of heat, through the roof - 25%, through windows - 20% and through ventilation - 15%. Using this simple scheme, the need for high-quality wall insulation becomes clear. The technology of external wall insulation provides maximum protection of the building from heat loss through the walls, due to the fact that it absorbs the cold influence environment.

Advantages of external wall insulation

The advantages of external insulation are preserving the area of ​​the building's interior, protecting the wall from cooling, increasing the service life of walls made of frame material. With external insulation of walls, the load on load-bearing walls does not increase, therefore the pressure on the foundation will remain the same.

A separate and very significant advantage of external insulation is the protection of the wall from freezing. The bottom line is that with internal thermal insulation, heat loss from inside the house is limited, but the wall itself still freezes at low air temperatures. A steam condensation zone is formed between the inner wall and the layer of heat-insulating material, which creates conditions for the development of mold and fungi, and additional cooling of the wall occurs due to moisture.

The internal insulation that has accumulated moisture does not dry out completely even in summer; a constant zone of moisture accumulation is created, which negatively affects the service life of the walls. With external insulation, the dew point, that is, the point of steam condensation, moves into the thermal insulation material. A wall insulated from the outside does not cool down and the heat lasts much longer, its losses are minimized. External insulation easily loses accumulated moisture, thanks to this its thermal insulation properties are easily restored, and the service life of the walls increases.

Another important advantage of external thermal insulation is the soundproofing qualities of insulation materials. If this is not so relevant in the private sector, then in big city this quality plays an important role.

Types of thermal insulation board materials

The main materials for the production of boards used in external thermal insulation are mineral wool and expanded polystyrene - commonly referred to as polystyrene foam. You need to pay special attention to the qualities of these materials when choosing thermal insulation boards.

Mineral wool

It got its name because it consists of artificial mineral fibers. Cotton wool is divided into types depending on the origin of the raw materials from which it is made. Stone mineral wool is made from various rocks - diabase, limestone, basalt, clay, dolomite, etc. Slag wool is made from blast furnace, open-hearth and other slags, including non-ferrous metallurgy slags.

Mineral wool insulation has a fibrous structure with a synthetic binder. Mineral wool products are produced in the form of slabs and mats. The thermal insulation layer of the slabs ranges from 50 to 100 mm. The mats are used for installing insulation on large working areas.

The advantages of mineral wool are good thermal insulation properties and non-flammability. It is also very moisture-resistant, resistant to damage - it does not decompose under the influence of dampness or insects. Basalt wool is resistant to rotting, temperature changes and is vapor permeable. In addition, mineral wool is easy to install.

Glass wool

This material is similar in properties to mineral wool, but is made from waste from glass production. It has increased temperature resistance. When working with glass wool, you need to be especially careful, be sure to wear gloves, and avoid getting particles of the material on your mucous membranes and especially your eyes.

Expanded polystyrene

This material consists of small moisture-resistant granules, which, under the influence of high temperatures, combine with each other into a cellular structure. The foam granules themselves have a huge number of microcells, which is why polystyrene foam boards by volume consist of 98% air. The material is the cheapest of those presented in this moment on the market, easy to use. Expanded polystyrene boards have a thickness of 50 to 100 mm. Foam plastic is also reliable because it is moisture resistant, so rotting processes do not begin in it.

Expanded polystyrene comes in two types - extruded and expanded. The first cut view has a fine closed cellular structure. It is more often used for thermal insulation of enclosing structures, insulation of walls of damp basements, garages, and other outbuildings. Expanded polystyrene foam has larger ball-like granules. In general, polystyrene foam has become the most popular thermal insulator due to its affordability and ease of installation. When installing this heat insulator, it is imperative to use plaster or cladding, in open form it cannot be used.

External insulation methods

There are two main types of installation of external thermal insulation:

In our latitudes, the first method has gained great popularity, mainly because installing suspended thermal insulation is technologically more complex, more expensive in material terms, and requires specialist advice. Installing bonded thermal insulation is much easier; there is only a seasonal limitation - such work can be performed at an ambient temperature of at least +5C.

Bonded external insulation is the most pragmatic option

The option of bonded thermal insulation is very popular in European countries and is gradually becoming more widespread in our country. This method allows you to reduce heat loss through the walls of a building by 80% of the original level, which significantly saves money on energy resources.

The principle of this system is to install a monolithic multilayer enclosing structure, which becomes a shield in relation to the external environment. In addition to protection against heat loss, these structures eliminate the so-called cold bridges in insulating structures, do not increase the load on the foundation, and ensure maintainability.

A bonded thermal insulation system can be used on buildings with any type of structure - block, brick, panel, frame-monolithic. For optimal performance of the thermal insulation structure, the requirements for the process technology and the quality of the materials themselves must be met.

Bonded insulation installation process

The bonded thermal insulation system is installed in several layers:

1. insulation – heat-insulating material in the form of a plate;
2. reinforcement – ​​mesh, resistant to alkalis and coated with a mineral-based adhesive;
3. protective and decorative layer – plaster and primer.

Each of these layers has its own specific function. The meaning of installing heat-insulating boards is clear, the reinforced layer allows adhesion of the plaster and the heat-insulating board, the primer protects the materials from environmental influences and performs its own aesthetic function.

Before installing insulation, the wall must be properly prepared. Preparation includes cleaning from dirt and dust, old plaster, eliminating irregularities so that the insulation adheres to the surface as tightly as possible. Polymer cement glue is applied to the prepared base, that is, the surface of the insulated wall. The adhesive should be chosen that is frost-resistant and has high adhesive ability to different types of slabs. The adhesion index of the adhesive to the concrete wall must be at least 1.0 MPa.

Fastening polystyrene foam boards

The insulation is attached to the glue and secured with dowels. According to experts in this field, there are no small details in thermal insulation systems. The dowels must be strong enough to withstand the load of the insulation system and the force of the wind. There are 2 types of screw dowels: with a regular spacer zone, 50 mm in length, and with an extended zone, 90 mm in length. Dowels with a regular spacer zone are used to secure insulation to concrete and brick walls Oh. Options with an extended spacer zone are more suitable for walls made of hollow bricks and lightweight concrete. Dowels with a head diameter of at least 60 mm are selected.

Insulating boards can be made from various materials, on which the installation process itself will depend. Materials for the production of boards are mineral wool, glass wool, expanded polystyrene. The latter material has such an unfavorable property in construction as flammability, but in Lately Non-flammable types of expanded polystyrene have already begun to appear. This is worth paying attention to when choosing materials.

After applying the glue to the wall, the slabs begin to be attached. The glue is applied in sufficient quantity to fill all the irregularities. The insulation board must be pressed tightly against the wall, while some of the glue is squeezed out from under it and gets under the adjacent boards, thereby strengthening the joints. Openings between the slabs can be eliminated using polyurethane foam. If the opening is large, a strip of polystyrene foam is glued in there, for example. Then the plates are fixed with dowels at the corners. The dowel heads and all joints between the plates must be covered with mastic.

The next step in the process is to install the reinforcing layer. Essentially it is a mesh made of fiberglass, sometimes metal. An adhesive composition is applied to the slabs, pre-prepared pieces of mesh are embedded in the glue, pressed against the slabs, and then pulled. They try to attach the pieces of mesh overlapping for reliability. After the glue has dried, it is cleaned, leveled and the decorative layer begins to be applied. Most often this is decorative plaster, on top of which the entire structure is painted. The paint chosen is weather-resistant.

Insulation of external walls by spraying polyurethane foam

Insulating walls with polyurethane foam is today one of the modern ways to solve the issue of saving heat. Polyurethane foam has many advantages over other materials for thermal insulation. This material is prepared right before spraying onto the insulated wall.

Advantages of this material:

• high quality of adhesion to the surface in any configuration;
• the absence of seams during the work process - this significantly saves time, improves the quality of insulation, and strengthens the wall itself;
• low thermal conductivity - a layer of polyurethane foam 5 cm thick is similar in its ability to retain heat to a layer of 8 cm of polystyrene foam or 15 cm of mineral wool;
• light weight of the material in its finished applied form - this does not create additional load on the foundation;
• compressive and tensile strength of the material;
• no need for a vapor barrier layer - the material is so airtight in its structure that it takes on the functions of a vapor barrier;
• windproofing properties;
• low moisture absorption - the material practically does not absorb it even in the wettest weather;
• non-toxic;
• good sound insulation characteristics.

PPU and its application

Spraying polyurethane foam is the application of a layer of heat-insulating polymer on a surface with any relief, followed by hardening. IN special device two polymers are mixed - polyisocyanate and polyol, they are foamed with carbon dioxide while simultaneously heating to high temperatures, and the resulting mixture is fed into a spray gun or into a mixer. Through a sprayer, the mixture is sprayed onto the working surfaces under pressure. Pouring is carried out in certain ready-made forms; after hardening, the material is removed and used according to the purposes.

Wall insulation process

Insulation of walls with polyurethane foam from the outside is carried out in several stages: preparation of walls, application of polyurethane foam, application of reinforcing screed, final finishing.

Preparing walls means cleaning them from old coating, plaster, dust, anything that can reduce the adhesion of the material to the wall. Polyurethane foam is sprayed onto the cleaned surface, and the thickness of its application can be adjusted, thus leveling the depressions and protrusions.

Then a reinforcing screed is applied to the surface of the heat insulation layer; a fine fiberglass mesh is used for this. The thickness of the reinforcement layer must be at least 60 mm. Then you can lay down finishing materials - siding, lining, panels, paint.

Before spraying itself, you need to think about protecting all surrounding surfaces from unnecessary application of material, because it is very difficult to clean polyurethane foam even with strong solvents.

Warm plaster for external insulation of facades

Warm plaster is a cement-based mixture with the addition of filler. The latter can be vermiculite - a light mineral filler, elements of polystyrene foam, and also sawdust. Warm plaster with sawdust in its composition is not suitable for facades and is used only for interior decoration. Compositions for finishing facades include polystyrene foam, pumice powder, and expanded clay chips as fillers.

When choosing insulation, several of its properties are taken into account: thermal conductivity, which must be low to retain heat, hydrophobicity to prevent moisture from entering, vapor permeability - so that the layer of material allows water vapor to pass through and does not condense. The presence of porous materials helps warm plaster retain its ability to “breathe” and allow moisture and air to pass through.

Everything is covered in warm plaster necessary qualities combine. It does not accumulate moisture, is durable, fire-resistant, and environmentally friendly. As an insulation material, it can be used for finishing facades, including those decorated with decorative elements that need to be preserved, for insulating slopes, filling joints and cracks, and masonry.

Application of warm plaster

Warm plaster is quickly applied, does not require the use of reinforcing mesh (although in some methods it is used for greater insulation strength), does not require leveling the wall, since it is quite plastic in texture and leveling can be done directly with the material itself. Warm plaster is adhesive to all building construction materials, biologically stable, and vapor permeable.

The technique for applying such plaster does not differ from conventional plastering technology. For greater smoothness, the wall can be additionally sanded with an emery cloth or putty.

In what cases can warm plaster be used?

If you pay attention to expanded polystyrene, which has a lot of positive properties and is also convenient to use, you need to know that insulation systems using polystyrene are prohibited from being used in some cases, for example, when insulating buildings with high fire safety requirements– hospitals, schools, kindergartens, car washes, etc. Expanded polystyrene has low vapor permeability, due to which moisture will accumulate in the room. For some purposes this may be a plus.

Unlike this material, warm plaster is non-toxic, non-flammable, and has high vapor permeability. It is quite possible to use it on buildings of medical institutions and public buildings for children. It is suitable for complex facades; the contours of uneven surfaces do not appear through it, as through a polystyrene foam layer. Warm plaster can both insulate and give aesthetic and beautiful view room.

Warm plaster is multifunctional; it is suitable not only for insulating walls, but also for floor screeding, sealing seams, potholes, and cracks. It can be used to fill slab areas flat roofs. It can also be used to fill floors, simultaneously preparing them for floor coverings and providing thermal insulation.

Disadvantages of this method

The disadvantages of warm plaster are that it cannot be used as a finishing coating; a primer and paint must be applied on top of it. It cannot be a sanitizing material, so the surface must be dry before applying it. Sound insulation after its application is also insignificant.

It must be taken into account that warm plaster has a much higher density compared to the same polystyrene foam or mineral wool, and this figure is 5-10 times higher. Therefore, insulation using this method requires a solid foundation that can withstand such a load. Further, the thermal conductivity coefficient of this type of plaster is 1.5-2 times higher than that of other materials, so the insulation layer should be the same 1.5-2 times thicker. And since it can be applied in a layer of no more than 50 mm, it will have to be insulated both outside and inside for better heat retention.

One way or another, the decision in each specific situation can be made individually. Advantages and disadvantages are very relative things. And warmth in the house is an eternal concept.

Finishing coatings for external wall insulation

There are no trifles when insulating walls - this is what experts working in this field say. Plaster, reinforcing mesh, dowels, paints - all these are the little things that you should pay attention to in the same way as the main materials for insulating the facade.

Reinforcing mesh

Glass mesh is most often used as the basis for the reinforcing layer, the cell size is 5X5 mm and weighs from 1500 to 200 g/m2. The mesh must be treated with a special compound that is resistant to alkalis. In the corners of the building, in places where the thermal insulation layer is adjacent to architectural details - cornices, parapets - here experts advise reinforcing not with glass, but with a metal mesh with greater rigidity. This is done in order to strengthen the entire insulating structure.

You need to take a responsible approach to the quality of the adhesive compositions you choose. The manufacturer recommends a certain brand of glue with a composition that will best ensure the fastening of certain materials. Trying to replace with cheaper options can sometimes be too expensive - even redoing the facade.

Plasters

The requirements for plaster are very strict, since it is this material that is exposed to all influences external environment– fluctuations in temperature, humidity, and the action of chemical compounds in the air. The outer layer must be resistant to all kinds of influences and be vapor permeable, not retain moisture in the thickness of the insulation.

Thin-layer decorative plasters and facade paints are divided into 4 groups:

Polymer-cement plasters have high vapor permeability; these are the so-called “breathing” options. They are non-flammable, adhesive to mineral bases, adhesive coefficient of at least 1.0 MPa, and frost-resistant. They are used for insulation with polystyrene and mineral wool. Economical to use.

Acrylic plasters thanks synthetic base quite elastic and resistant to deformation. They are used for insulation with expanded polystyrene. They are resistant to high humidity and absorb moisture very weakly even in conditions of constant rainfall. Available in a wide range of colors, after release they are immediately ready for use.

Silicate plasters are also resistant to deformation, have high vapor permeability, and have a large selection of colors. Silicone plasters are resistant to precipitation and hydrophobic. Surfaces treated with them are slightly dirty. This quality can be used when finishing houses in large industrial cities.

In addition to composition, decorative plasters have different textures. The texture depends on the grain size of the plaster. For example, the “bark beetle” texture has a grain size of 2-3.5 mm, making the surfaces resemble tree bark. Mosaic plasters have a grain size of 0.8-2 mm. The filler in these plasters is colored quartz sand or small pebbles. When this plaster hardens, it resembles a glass surface.

Finishing work must be carried out at a temperature not lower than +5 C, and within 24 hours the temperature should not fall below 0 C. It is forbidden to apply plaster when strong wind, in the open sun, in the rain, since the plaster needs certain conditions for it to dry so that it lasts longer.

The requirements for facade paints are similar to those for plaster - wear resistance under the influence of high and low temperatures, moisture, sunlight, and so on. The service life of enamels on the market based on organosilicon resins is about 30 years, polyurea – more than 50 years. By choosing the right facade paint, you can save a lot on periodic repainting.

External thermal insulation of wooden houses

Wood is considered the most environmentally friendly material for building houses, although now such construction can mainly be found only in the private sector. For external insulation wooden structures thermal insulation with protective and ventilating properties is used, and for ventilation a gap is provided between the outer skin and the insulation.

Thermal insulation installation process

Thermal insulation of a wooden building consists of the following elements:

Before starting work on thermal insulation of the house, you need to treat the surface of the walls with an antiseptic and a fire retardant - a drug that prevents fire. Existing cracks must be closed and caulked with tow or foam. Then the sheathing is installed on the wall.

For the sheathing you need wooden beams, which are pre-impregnated with an antiseptic to prevent rotting. The thickness of the beams is 50 mm, their width should exceed the thickness of the insulating material. For example, with a thickness of insulation material of 80 mm, the thickness of the beams must be at least 100 mm to ensure an air gap. The distance between the beams is made according to the size of the selected insulation, that is, according to the width of the slab. Insulation boards are laid in the openings between the beams, then attached to the load-bearing wall using anchors.

Vapor barrier

Before laying the insulation, a vapor barrier layer is installed. Vapor barrier materials are selected according to the type of structure and installation method. The vapor barrier materials themselves come in the following types:

1. aluminum foil with a layer of polyethylene;
2. polyethylene reinforcing mesh covered with film;
3. polymer-coated kraft paper;
4. kraft paper with aluminum foil;
5. polymer fabric with double-sided lamination.

The vapor barrier can be installed both vertically and horizontally from the inside of the thermal insulation structure. Installation is done using galvanized nails or a stapler. The seams of the vapor barrier layer must be completely sealed, the film must be intact, otherwise the movement of water vapor will be allowed, and moisture will accumulate inside the structure. The seams between pieces of vapor barrier are sealed with special tapes based on butyl rubber. Also, strips of material can be laid overlapping.

Next in the process, insulation boards, polystyrene foam or mineral wool are installed, in the direction from bottom to top, the insulation is secured with a mushroom dowel. Waterproofing is mounted on the insulation - a special membrane, which is attached using a construction stapler. These can be materials such as: a combined polymer, a film based on kraft paper coated with aluminum, impregnated kraft paper, three-layer polypropylene. It is necessary to observe the location of the front and back sides of the material, otherwise, instead of insulating, it will turn into moisture permeable, which will lead to dampness.

The final stage is fastening the 50X50 mm timber with nails and covering the surface. You can clad it with clapboard, plastic siding, or facade panels of your choice. A mandatory gap of 2-4 cm is left between the layer of waterproofing and cladding.

External wall insulation, insulation methods and types of materials

External insulation: advantages and methods. Types of materials for thermal insulation boards. Bonded external thermal insulation and spray polyurethane foam.

Insulation of walls outside a house or apartment - types and choice of insulation, do-it-yourself installation

The facade of residential buildings cannot always withstand winter frosts and piercing winds, which is why it feels cold inside the room. Insulating the outside of your home will help protect the building from moisture, keeping hot air indoors. In the article you will learn what insulating walls outside is, how to increase the temperature inside a wooden house, and what is the difference between thermal insulation with mineral wool and polystyrene foam.

What is wall insulation

A common method of energy saving is insulation - thermal insulation for walls outside or inside a building, made with special materials. By insulating the façade of your apartment, you will get rid of fungus, increase protection from noise, and improve thermoregulation - the room will be cool in summer and warm in winter. Insulation not only becomes a barrier between cold air and the internal microclimate of the home, but also protects the building from moisture and sun, increasing its service life.

Methods for insulating walls outside

There are internal and external insulation of the walls of the house. The second type of thermal insulation is more effective than the first, since it does not reduce the area of ​​the room and removes condensation from interior walls, retains heat longer. There are four methods of facade thermal insulation:

1. facing – a method that combines thermal insulation with decorative finishing;
2. hinged - an expensive method that uses insulated structures made of steel sheets and a layer of cladding (plastic siding, wooden lining, blockhouse);
3. “wet” - a method that involves attaching foam plastic to the facade using glue, applying a mesh, finishing primer and plaster;
4. spraying liquid insulation - polyurethane foam is sprayed onto the facade, a decorative coating or hanging panels are applied to it.

Insulation of the house

Up to 50% of home heat escapes through the wall facade, so insulating houses is a necessary procedure for those who want to maintain a comfortable microclimate in their home and save on electricity. When choosing insulation for the walls of a house outside, you should focus on the wall material, since concrete, brick, wood and block structures are used different technologies thermal insulation. It is cheaper to thermally insulate a private house than an apartment in a multi-storey building.

Insulation of apartments

If you live in apartment building with a central heating system, insulating the apartment from the outside is the best option, which will help avoid additional costs for maintaining a comfortable temperature in the room using electricity. By insulating an apartment, you can solve the problem of sealing seams in panel high-rise buildings. Not all residents of a multi-storey building agree to insulate their home, so often apartments are insulated spot-on, which can lead to the destruction of the main wall at the joints with the insulated surface.

Insulation for walls

You should choose the right materials for insulating the walls outside, taking into account what the building is built from, how many floors it has, and the climatic features of the area. The microclimate of the room depends entirely on the choice of materials and quality of installation. Insulation materials are distinguished according to the following criteria:

• thermal conductivity;
• durability;
• fire resistance;
• soundproofing;
• airtightness;
• waterproof;
• environmental safety;
• biostability.

External insulation gives the desired result only if the thermal insulation materials fit tightly to the frame of the room, without air gaps. There are the following types of insulation for external walls:

Foam insulation

Wall insulation with foam plastic is gaining more and more popularity. This material is lightweight, inexpensive, and easy to work with. The obvious advantages of polystyrene foam are moisture resistance, high sound insulation, and excellent thermal insulation properties. The disadvantages of the material are the ability to ignite with the release of toxic substances, fragility, and poor breathability. Before installation, you need to draw horizontal lines work surface, which will become the lower and upper edges of the insulation placement. The foam is fixed to a special adhesive solution.

Insulation with mineral wool

A common method of thermal insulation is to insulate walls with mineral wool. This is a fibrous material made from mineral raw materials, non-flammable, and highly breathable. Mineral wool is suitable for installation on all types of building structures. The material is resistant to caustic substances, but absorbs water, so it requires a special waterproofing system. Mineral wool has a long service life - up to 70 years.

Insulation with polystyrene foam

One of the best methods of thermal insulation is considered to be insulating the outside of a building with pressed polystyrene foam, the second name of which is “penoplex”. The material is slightly denser than polystyrene foam, less flammable, and durable. Expanded polystyrene is waterproof and resistant to deformation. One of the disadvantages is poor sound insulation. Penoplex is available in the form of slabs, which must be fixed without gaps to protect the insulation from damage by rodents.

Insulation of walls with polyurethane foam

Thermal insulation of the house from the outside with polyurethane foam is carried out by spraying the material onto the prepared facade. Using this substance as insulation has the following advantages:

• the material, expanding, fills cracks and small depressions;
• polyurethane foam has good adhesion - it fits perfectly to the base, covering the surface without joints, with a continuous layer;
• the substance becomes durable after hardening;
• it has increased moisture resistance;
• polyurethane foam serves as an excellent sound insulator.

Insulation with basalt slabs

Reliable insulation of the external walls of the house is provided by environmentally friendly basalt slabs made from mineral wool. The material does not ignite, has excellent windproof and cold-resistant abilities, and does not accumulate moisture. Thermal insulation with basalt slabs allows for almost any façade finishing. Installation of the material has a simple technology, so you can do it yourself. The external thickness of the material is deceptive - you can even cut it with a kitchen knife.

How to insulate a house from the outside and with what

External wall insulation will significantly reduce heat loss indoors. The choice of materials and thermal insulation technology depends on specific conditions - the house is made of brick or wood, the attic or ground floor will be insulated. By insulating the facade correctly, you will make your home warm, protect the room from the formation of fungus, mold, dampness and isolate your home from extraneous street noise.

How to insulate a wooden house from the outside and with what

A house made of wood has some advantages over a stone house or a brick building - the cost is lower, the environmental friendliness is higher. The main disadvantages are: low thermal conductivity of the timber, small thickness of the walls and the presence of gaps between them. Insulation of the walls of a wooden house can be done by constructing a hinged ventilation facade with mineral wool, spraying polyurethane or covering the facade with polystyrene foam. When insulating a wooden country house, you need to take care of the vapor barrier layer and waterproofing. Insulation for the external walls of a house will allow you to:

• transform the facade;
• protect the tree from the adverse effects of the environment;
• increase thermal efficiency;
• save interior space;
• prevent the occurrence of dampness and mold;
• protect from cold winds.

Insulation of a brick house from the outside using modern methods

In order to maintain a stable, comfortable temperature in the house throughout the year, it is recommended to insulate the brick walls from the outside. When choosing insulation, you should take into account what kind of brick the building is built from (hollow, solid, ceramic, silicate). Brick houses are often insulated using the hinged ventilated facade method or the “wet” method. Mineral wool, polystyrene foam, and expanded polystyrene are used as insulation.

How to insulate the outside walls of a house inexpensively

People often wonder how to cheaply insulate a house from the outside. If you don’t know how cheaper it is to insulate a house from the outside, pay attention to polystyrene foam. This insulation may be slightly inferior to others in thermal insulation capabilities, but it does a good job of maintaining a comfortable temperature. The material has excellent thermal conductivity and moisture resistance, its main disadvantage is flammability. Working with polystyrene foam is easy, so you can buy the material and try to insulate your home yourself, also saving on paying for the work of craftsmen.

Price for external wall insulation

Thermal insulation of a home is not a cheap pleasure. If you calculate the costs of heating a building with electricity, it becomes clear that the price of the service will soon pay for itself. The cost of thermal insulation is calculated taking into account the selected materials, the complexity of the work, and the size of the insulated area. Find out in the table below how much it costs to insulate a house outside in Moscow, and how the price of the service differs in different construction companies.

Insulation of walls outside a house or apartment - types and choice of insulation, installation technology with video

Insulating walls outside is an opportunity to create a comfortable microclimate in the house. Find out about the types of insulation, methods of thermal insulation and prices, use the tips from the video.

External wall insulation advantages and disadvantages

Today, walking along the street, you are unlikely to find at least one house where external wall insulation has not yet been carried out. The result of such work is easily recognizable - the home in some areas is “sheathed” with colored foam plastic boards. Recently, the number of apartments whose owners have decided to resort to this method has been increasing. Let's understand the principle of external insulation, find out the reasons for its popularity, as well as the pros and cons of this type of work.

The problem of heat and moisture insulation

Now more and more residents are faced with the problem of heat and moisture insulation. This mainly applies to old houses, the service life of which is more than 20 years, because new buildings are usually delivered with insulation. As a result of such problems, in winter the temperature in the apartment drops sharply, which leads to increased heating costs. In summer, on the contrary, the room is stuffy, the air is hot and stale. Also, due to the accumulation of moisture, mold or fungal formations may appear on the walls, which are quite difficult to combat.

External wall insulation

One of the most common solutions is external (external) wall insulation . Now we will look at the main advantages and disadvantages of this method, but first we should understand a little about its essence.

How is external wall insulation carried out?

So, how is external wall insulation carried out? The main element of the insulating structure, as a rule, is expanded polystyrene (foam plastic). Experts in the field of industrial mountaineering paste the walls of apartments with slabs of this material. In addition to foam plastic, waterproofing fiberglass mesh, glue, primer, paint and dowels are also used for insulation. The insulation technology consists of several (5-7) stages, and the entire process takes from one to five days (mostly, the duration is explained required quantity time for the glue to dry at intermediate stages). First, the working surface is prepared - cleaning and priming the walls. Then, in fact, the foam is fixed. At the next stage, a reinforced mesh is installed, which is covered with an adhesive mixture. At the end, the walls are primed, plastered and painted.

Advantages of external wall insulation

The main advantages of external wall insulation include, first of all, the ability to eliminate the problems listed at the beginning of the article. That is, after high-quality insulation, the temperature in your apartment will stabilize (it will become warm in winter, cool in summer), which means that the costs of heating and cooling rooms will be reduced; Troubles associated with moisture removal will disappear (wallpaper will stop coming off and paint will stop crumbling, dampness, mold and mildew will disappear). Expanded polystyrene prevents corrosion of steel reinforcement and destruction of concrete by limiting access to the walls of water, carbon dioxide and other aggressive substances, and by preventing temperature changes, the durability of insulated walls increases.

Additional advantages include a significant improvement in sound insulation (in particular, up to 90-95% of extraneous street noise disappears) and a more respectable appearance.

Also, after external insulation of the walls, unlike a similar internal option, the living space of the room is not reduced (which, with internal insulation, can be reduced by up to 5% of the entire apartment).

Disadvantages of external wall insulation

It should be immediately noted that the number of shortcomings directly depends on the quality of the materials used for insulation and on compliance with the rules for performing the work. Therefore, shortcomings are considered in the classic case - when the work is done “according to instructions”. Simply put, craftsman errors or expired glue will not be taken into account.

The main disadvantage is the impossibility of carrying out external insulation of walls at any time. The following conditions must be met: air temperature of at least 5 degrees C, and preferably from 20 degrees C, air humidity of approximately 60% (it is advisable to carry out work in summer in hot weather, it is strictly forbidden to do this in winter at sub-zero temperatures); absence of strong gusts of wind, due to which the glue or primer dries too quickly and cracks may form; and, of course, there should be no precipitation during the entire period of work.

As already mentioned, external insulation of walls is a rather lengthy process, moreover, requiring not the easiest work of industrial mountaineering masters. Agree, watching strangers hanging in front of your windows for several days in a row is quite a sight.

A separate drawback is the price. At total area an insulated surface of 15-25 m2 and an average cost of 650 rubles (220 UAH)/m2, all work will cost approximately 10,000-17,000 rubles (3,500-5,500 UAH). True, the costs are recouped in about 5 years.

So if you are not worried that after a long wait you will shell out a tidy sum, and the walls of your apartment will stand out in green, pink, blue or other colors against the background of the rest of the nondescript house, if you are tired of struggling with temperature and humidity, and are sure that the outside wall insulation is exactly what you need, then feel free to choose the right company. Fortunately, there are plenty to choose from.

External wall insulation advantages and disadvantages photos and videos

// Contents[Hide]The problem of heat and moisture insulation External wall insulation How is external wall insulation carried out? Advantages of external insulation...

Guide to external wall insulation

• • Choice of insulation
  • Surface preparation
  • How to attach insulation
  • Insulation reinforcement

There are different options for external wall insulation. External wall insulation is classified according to the selected insulation material and the method of manufacturing the heat-insulating layer. The thermal insulation layer can be ventilated, covered entirely with the outer wall, or only plastered.

It is best to insulate the walls from the outside during the construction phase of the building.

There are enough insulation materials to choose the one you need. The difference in the labor intensity of processes actually does not determine the quality of work so significantly that it is always necessary to use hired labor.

You can easily do external insulation with your own hands if you know what stages this process consists of.

Self-insulation of walls

Doing external insulation with your own hands with a ventilated façade structure is much more difficult than using a multi-layer wall or insulation with plastering and finishing for painting. Since a multilayer wall involves installing an additional wall on top of the insulation, for example, brickwork, which requires knowledge of certain nuances, you should consider the most affordable, but no less functional and high-quality option: insulate the external walls of the house using insulation and finishing. First you need to choose insulation that will provide required characteristics thermal conductivity for walls.

Choice of insulation

Insulation of walls with foam plastic.

Insulation is the main part of external wall insulation, but in this process, if you want to do the insulation yourself, you will not need to think long about the choice, and this is a rather pleasant fact. Insulation materials currently offered, such as

• mineral wool;
• expanded polystyrene;
• extruded polystyrene foam;
• cellulose insulation;
• basalt slabs.

have indistinguishable characteristics. The main difference between them lies in three basic parameters: thermal conductivity, vapor permeability and moisture resistance.

Different insulation materials have different parameters, which may differ depending on the manufacturer. In this regard, you will need to make calculations of the heat emitted by the building and understand what thickness of insulation to use. Expanded polystyrene and mineral wool require less thickness, and it is much easier to install them yourself.

Thermal conductivity parameters are indicated on the packaging by the manufacturer, and if you provide the sellers with the parameters of your own insulated building (material and thickness of walls, heating, presence of windows, floors used, foundation), then they will be able to calculate for you required quantity insulation. As for vapor permeability and moisture resistance, you should focus on weather conditions, that is, determine how significant changes in moisture and temperature are throughout the year and choose the best option for you.

Surface preparation

External wall insulation scheme.

In order to secure the insulation, specialized adhesive mixtures are used to ensure the necessary adhesion. Accordingly, on preparatory stage You should not so much create adhesion for the walls as simply level them so that the insulation fits fairly evenly and there are no significant differences between the seams.

As a rule, the walls of every house are more or less smooth and do not require extensive sanding. If the differences are insignificant, then additional leveling is not required, because subsequent layers of plaster and finishing will level this out. If there are significant distortions, additional tools should be used to prepare the surface, for example, simply grinding discs.

A primer is applied to the surface of the leveled external walls. If the walls have unevenness, it is advisable to use a couple of layers, and apply the next layer only after the initial one has dried.

Any mixtures that contain water change their qualities depending on the temperature. This also applies to adhesive mixtures on which insulation is placed. It is important to take this fact into account and perform work only at an air temperature of five degrees Celsius.

How to attach insulation

Scheme of cutting a wall insulated with foam plastic.

When the primer on the walls of the house is completely dry, layers of thermal insulation should be laid. To install the bottom layer, you will need to secure a metal guide around the perimeter of the walls, which is installed approximately above the base of the building. For fastening, use anchors or dowels (depending on the availability of certain tools you have and the quality of the walls).

Next, they begin installing the house’s insulation, a description of which is offered below. Mix the adhesive mixture (consultants who helped you choose insulation and other materials and components will help you in choosing) and install thermal insulation plates. For example, you can take foam plastic, which is easy to install with your own hands and does not require any extraordinary skills.

The adhesive mixture is applied only to foam plastic (or other insulation), but not to walls. An indent of a couple of centimeters is made from the edges, and the mixture is evenly distributed around the perimeter, and in the center of the resulting contour, 2-3 piles of the mixture are made using a spatula with a diameter of about 100-120 millimeters. Such tiles are applied to the walls of the house and subsequent ones continue to be applied using this technology.

What is great about materials such as polystyrene foam and mineral wool is their ease of molding. Cutting a piece to the size you need is not difficult, and this is good, given the need to make a fire-resistant mineral wool contour around the perimeter of the windows.

When laying polystyrene foam, you should leave about twenty centimeters to the perimeter of the windows and this perimeter should be made of mineral wool in an identical manner to the previously described method. Of course, if you use fire-resistant materials for all insulation, then you will not need this. Such contours are used only if insulation is done with flammable material, as this complies with existing standards.

To ensure that the external thermal insulation of the walls is strong, dowels with a pressing element are additionally used (this is a plastic circle that allows you to press greatest number insulation with dowel). Dowels should be installed at least between the seams of the foam so that the panels fit tightly. First, holes for the length of the dowel are drilled in the walls of the house through the materials used, and then they are driven in with a hammer.

To ensure that the insulation of the outer wall is not subject to deformation from external influences, the external slopes are additionally reinforced with perforated metal angles. The angles are fixed to the adhesive mixture that was used to fix the materials.

Insulation reinforcement

The next stage of insulation is reinforcement, for which a specialized fiberglass reinforcing mesh is used. First, make a layer of adhesive mixture, and then carefully apply the mesh with your own hands over the entire space of the insulation. Moreover, the mesh should be drowned in the adhesive mixture, and the seams should only be overlapped.

The reinforced surface is covered with a new layer of glue and carefully smoothed. So the reinforcing mesh does not protrude above the surface and is located deep in the adhesive mass.

The final stage of external insulation

As a rule, it takes about a couple of days for the reinforcing layer to dry completely. Next, the surface is primed and putty is applied for painting or decorative plaster depending on the type of further finishing.

Making external wall insulation with your own hands is quite simple, and for this process you will need no more than a week, as well as available materials that can be easily purchased in a specialized store, and a minimum of skills.

Do-it-yourself external wall insulation: guide (photos and videos)

How to do external insulation of the walls of a house with your own hands? How to choose the highest quality and affordable method, select materials for thermal insulation and install them?

After the introduction of a new standard for the thermal protection of buildings, insulation has become relevant even for those houses that were previously considered “safe”. Owners of older buildings don't have to do anything, but they must be prepared to pay rising energy bills. And designs for new houses will not be approved if they do not meet the requirements of SNiP 02/23/2003. There are several technologies that make it possible to ensure standard indicators for buildings made of any materials. The main thing is to choose the right insulation for the exterior walls of a house in each case.

The house must be kept warm Source prolesa.com.ua

Why external insulation and not internal

The most understandable argument for a non-specialist sounds very convincing, although this is a secondary factor - insulation from the inside “takes away” the useful volume of residential and office premises.

Builders are guided by the standard according to which insulation must be external (SP 23-101-2004). Insulation from the inside is not directly prohibited, but it can only be carried out in exceptional cases. For example, when work on the outside cannot be carried out due to the design features or the facade “belongs” to a house that is classified as an architectural monument.

Video description

The result of proper internal insulation of a house in the video:

Internal insulation of walls is allowed provided that a durable and continuous vapor-tight layer is created on the side of the room. But this is not easy to do, and if warm air with water vapor gets into the insulation or onto the surface of a cold wall, then the appearance of condensation is inevitable. And this is due to the “dew point”, which will move either inside the layer of thermal insulation material or to the boundary between it and the wall.

Even such protection from the inside will not provide a 100% guarantee against the wall getting wet - water vapor will find its way into the film joints and fastening points Source domvpavlino.ru

That is, when deciding how to properly insulate a house, in the vast majority of cases, the answer will be based on clear regulatory recommendations- outside.

Popular thermal insulation materials

From a large list of thermal insulation materials, we can highlight several of the most popular ones and those that are used if the budget allows or for other reasons. Traditionally, the popularity of materials is determined by a combination of good thermal insulation characteristics and relatively low cost.

• Expanded polystyrene

Better known as "foam". To be precise, in addition to slabs, this material is also used in granular form as bulk thermal insulation.

Its thermal conductivity varies with density, but on average it is one of the lowest in its class. Thermal insulation properties are provided by a cellular structure filled with air. The popularity is due to accessibility, ease of installation, good performance compressive strength, low water absorption. That is, it is cheap, quite durable (as part of the structure) and is not afraid of water.

Polystyrene foam is considered low-flammable, and those marked PSB-S are self-extinguishing (does not support combustion). But during a fire, it emits toxic gases, and this is one of the main reasons why it cannot be used for insulation from the inside. Its second drawback is low vapor permeability, which imposes restrictions on the use of “breathable” materials when insulating walls.

Insulating the outside of a house with polystyrene foam Source makemone.ru

• Extruded polystyrene foam

It differs from polystyrene foam by a fundamentally different manufacturing technology, although the raw material is the same polystyrene granules. In some respects it is superior to its “relative”. It has the same percentage of water absorption (no more than 2%), on average, thermal conductivity is 20-30% lower (Table D.1 SP 23-101-2004), vapor permeability is several times lower and compressive strength is higher. Thanks to this set of qualities, it is the best material for insulating the foundation and basement, that is, the walls of the basement and the “zero” floor. The disadvantages of EPS are the same as those of polystyrene foam, and it costs more.

EPPS is usually made “colored” Source footing.ru

• Stone, also known as basalt, cotton wool

This is a subtype of mineral wool, the raw materials of which are rocks of stone (most often basalt). A completely different type of thermal insulation material, the low thermal conductivity of which is ensured due to its fibrous structure and low density. It is inferior to foam plastic and EPPS in terms of thermal conductivity (on average 1.5 times higher), but unlike them, it does not burn or smolder (flammability class NG). Refers to “breathable” materials - according to the new standard this sounds like low “breathing resistance”.

Mineral wool mats for wall insulation must be “hard” Source konveyt.ru

But there are other materials for insulating a house outside, which, although used less frequently, have their own advantages.

Thermal insulation materials - new products on the market

Additionally, you can always consider new options - they are a little more expensive, but often somewhat more effective than traditional ones.

• Foamed polyurethane

Common polymer material"household use". Also well known as foam rubber for furniture (in the form of “soft” mats) or as polyurethane foam for sealing cracks. When insulating, it is also used in the form of slabs or sprayed insulation.

Polyurethane foam slabs have low tear-off holding properties, so they are not used in “wet façade” systems.

But this is a common thermal insulation material for making sandwich panels. The same technology underlies the production of thermal panels for facade cladding. Such a panel is a heat-insulating board with a decorative layer (clinker tiles or stone chips) already applied at the factory. Two types of insulation: polystyrene foam and polyurethane foam. In the first case, the thermal panel is two-layer, in the second - three-layer (OSB or moisture resistant plywood). Two mounting options: dowels/anchors ( open method) or your own hidden fastening system.

Three-layer thermal panel Source zafasad.ru

Sprayed polyurethane foam is in demand if it is necessary to create a seamless layer of thermal insulation on complex surfaces. Until recently, there was only one technology for applying such a layer - using professional installations working with a two-component composition (mixing occurs during spraying).

Spraying polyurethane foam onto the base of a house Source nauka-i-religia.ru

Now in Russia, for household use, the production of one-component polyurethane foam has been launched, which is produced in an aerosol can with a capacity of 1 liter. As the manufacturers assure (there are two competing companies), insulating 1 m2 with your own hands is much cheaper than concluding an agreement with specialized enterprises that use professional equipment. And this option for insulating a house from the outside is quite attractive if literally 2-3 cm of the thermal insulation layer is missing.

Insulation using sprayed polyurethane foam "Teplis" Source m.2gis.kz

• Ecowool

A relatively new thermal insulation material. The technology for insulating enclosing surfaces is based on cellulose fiber material, which is applied to the walls using a special installation. There are two options for insulation: filling the plane between the wall and the cladding, spraying with an adhesive binder onto the wall with installed sheathing (and subsequent installation of facade panels).

Among traditional materials, glass wool (a subtype of mineral wool) can be mentioned, but due to its fragility and the formation of tiny “dust” with sharp edges during installation, it has been replaced stone wool, safe both during installation and operation.

The better way to insulate a house from the outside - standards for the number of layers

If you follow the regulatory documents, there are two options for how to insulate a house from the outside in terms of the number of structural and thermal insulation layers: two-layer and three-layer. And in the second case external finishing panels or plaster are not considered an independent layer, although their thermal insulation properties are taken into account. In three-layer walls, the outer (third) layer is the structural material.

Brick cladding with insulation Source pinterest.ru

In addition to this classification, there is also a division based on the presence of a ventilated and non-ventilated layer.

• brickwork, reinforced concrete (with flexible connections), expanded clay concrete - all types of solutions;
• wooden houses - enclosing structures with two-layer, three-layer walls and a ventilated air gap;
• frame houses with thin-sheet cladding - three-layer walls with thermal insulation in the middle, as well as with a ventilated and non-ventilated air gap;
• cellular concrete blocks - two-layer walls with brick cladding, as well as with a ventilated or non-ventilated layer.

In practice, for insulating low-rise buildings, such a variety of solutions comes down to the choice between a “wet” or a curtain wall. Although, it is those recommended by the standard that are considered as thermal insulation materials - mineral wool or expanded polystyrene (EPS as an alternative).

But each case has its own preferences.

Video description

The video shows how to choose how to insulate a house from the outside:

The better way to insulate a house from the outside, depending on the wall material

For insulating a brick house, there are no restrictions when choosing technology. Different options can be considered only depending on the chosen method of finishing the facade:

• Facing brick. This is a classic three-layer wall construction with flexible ties. Even when using polystyrene foam, a ventilated air layer is provided to ventilate water vapor and prevent the wall materials from getting wet.
• Wet facade. You can use mineral wool and polystyrene foam. The first option is preferable - ceramic bricks have higher vapor permeability than foam plastic. And according to clause 8.5 of SP 23-101-2004, the arrangement of layers should facilitate the weathering of water vapor to prevent moisture accumulation.

Scheme of a “wet facade” Source deskgram.net

• Ventilated facade. With cladding with wall panels or large-format porcelain tiles on the sheathing. The insulation is traditional for all suspended facades - mineral wool.

Scheme of a ventilated facade Source sk-optimus.com.ua

Wooden houses (logs or beams) are insulated exclusively with mineral wool using curtain façade technology.

For them, you can find examples of using polystyrene foam and plaster using the “wet facade” method. In this case, a ventilated gap is created between the wall and the foam boards using spacer sheathing. Although in this case the main advantage of the “wet facade” is lost - simplicity of design and installation.

How to calculate the thickness of insulation

If you look through SP23-101-2004 or a similar but later set of rules SP 50.13330.2012, you can see that calculating the thickness of the insulation is not so easy.

Each building is “individual”. When developing a project and approving it, such thermal calculations are made by specialists. And here a whole complex of parameters is taken into account - the characteristics of the region (temperatures, duration of the heating season, average number of sunny days), type and area of ​​glazing of the house, thermal capacity of the floor covering, thermal insulation of the roof and basement. Even the number of metal connections between the wall and the cladding matters.

But if the owner of a previously built house decides to insulate it (and the new standards introduced in 2003 are much stricter than the old ones), then he will have to choose between three parameters of the “standard thickness” of insulation - 50, 100 and 150 mm. And here the accuracy of calculations is not needed. There is a diagram that shows the equivalent dimensions of the thickness of different materials (in average form), the wall of which will meet the new requirements for thermal protection.

Only a house made of aerated concrete blocks with a thickness of 45 cm does not need insulation Source legkovmeste.ru

And then it’s simple. They take the thickness of a wall made of a certain material and see how much is missing from the standard. And then they calculate in proportion what thickness of the insulation layer of the outside wall of the house should be added. Taking into account that a wet facade also has a layer of plaster, and a ventilated one has an air gap, plus interior decoration facade walls, you can be sure of sufficient thermal protection.

And the issue of insulating the roof, floors and choosing good windows is decided separately.

It’s even easier to use one of the many online calculators. The figure here, of course, is approximate, but rounded up to the nearest standard insulation thickness, it will give the required result.

How to properly install insulation on a facade

Before installation, the facade must be prepared: cleaned of old finishes, removed dirt and dust, dismantled hanging elements of engineering systems, removed ebbs and canopies (you will still have to replace them with wider ones), remove signs, plates and façade lamps. Then the surface of the wall must be strengthened - cracks and chips must be repaired, crumbling areas must be cleaned, and a deep penetration primer must be applied.

Application of primer composition Source rmnt.ru

For reliable fastening of polystyrene foam or rigid mineral wool mats in a wet façade system, the wall surface must be as smooth as the unevenness can be smoothed out with an adhesive solution. If the height difference is up to 5 mm, the solution is applied over the entire insulation slab, with unevenness from 5 to 20 mm - along the perimeter and in the form of “cakes” on 40% of the slab surface.

The first row of slabs is mounted with emphasis on starting bar, which also sets the horizontal level. The second and subsequent rows are placed with a vertical seam shift (at least 200 mm), leveling the surface of the insulation in the area of ​​the joints so that the height difference is no more than 3 mm. When insulating the walls around the openings, make sure that the seams of the slabs do not intersect in their corners. Each slab is additionally secured with umbrella dowels at the rate of 5 pcs. per 1 m2.

Before applying plaster, the surface of the slabs is reinforced with fiberglass, fixed in the middle of a layer of adhesive solution with a total thickness of 5-6 mm.

The density of polystyrene foam is chosen to be 25-35 kg/m3.

Video description

Visually about mineral wool insulation in the video:

Mineral wool mats of Russian brands for the “wet facade” system must correspond to index 175, imported ones must be marked “facade” and have a density above 125 kg/m3.

Attention. In the “wet facade” system, the insulation is installed in only one (!) layer. A vertical surface made of two layers of “soft” slabs loaded with plaster behaves unpredictably, especially with changes in temperature and humidity conditions. Do not be fooled by arguments that the second layer of slabs overlaps the seams of the first and eliminates “cold bridges”.

The ventilated facade uses rigid mineral wool mats with a density of 80 kg/m3. If the surface of the mats is not laminated, then after attaching them to the sheathing, the surface is covered with either fiberglass or a vapor-permeable membrane.

The spacing of the lathing is chosen 2-3 cm less than the width of the mats. In addition to fastening to the sheathing, the insulation is additionally fixed to the wall with umbrella dowels.

The size of the air gap between the insulation and the cladding should be in the range of 60-150 mm.

Important. The size of 40 mm is standardized for non-ventilated air spaces.

To ventilate the layer in the cladding, inlet openings are installed in the base area and outlet openings are installed under the roof eaves. The total area of ​​the holes must be at least 75 cm2 per 20 m2 of wall.

Ventilation grilles in the wall Source tproekt.com

As a result, is it worth insulating?

Insulating your home is a profitable investment even in the short term. The investment will quickly pay for itself by reducing heating and air conditioning costs.

Our website also presents companies specializing in facade and finishing materials, which are presented at the exhibition of Low-Rise Country houses.

Building the walls and roof of a house is only half the battle. It is necessary to make the built space comfortable for life. To do this, most often the house is insulated from the outside or from the inside, and sometimes both options are used simultaneously.

Do you want to insulate your home, but don’t know what technologies exist and where to start? We will help you deal with this problem - the article discusses the main options used for external thermal insulation. The procedure for performing the work is also considered, thematic photos and useful video recommendations on the nuances of insulation are selected.

The materials from which the walls of permanent structures are erected can be different: brick, concrete, slag or aerated concrete blocks, wood, sandwich panels - these are just their main types.

For some of them, insulation is not required at all: for example, for sandwich panels. But other options need it to varying degrees.

Why do you need to insulate from the outside? Many people attribute this to the fact that if an insulating layer is installed inside a building, useful spatial volume is stolen from the interior.

This is partly true, but this is not the main reason. Critically important parameter is .

A dew point forms on a surface where there is a temperature difference when pressure changes.

And if you install thermal insulation inside the room, it means that the walls of the building themselves will be cold, since the insulation will save heat inside the space and prevent it from reaching the enclosing structures.

Insulation from the inside is fraught with the fact that the dew point will form inside the building, most likely on inner surface main wall, which is insulated with insulation

Methods and procedures for wall insulation

It turns out that a change in the weather outside will provoke a change in the humidity inside. Moreover, the changes will be significant - condensation will form on the walls, which will not have the opportunity to dry. Hence a number of negative aspects, including development.

This is why it is so important to insulate walls from the outside. In total, there are 3 different technologies that are used to insulate capital structures. It seems reasonable to dwell on each of them in more detail.

Method No. 1 - well

This is one of the most ancient ways to insulate the walls of your home from the outside. Indeed, everything is logical: main load-bearing walls are built, and after that, retreating a little, they are lined with another row of bricks - for example, half a brick thick.

Between the main and external, let’s call it decorative, walls, a void is formed - a “well”, which creates the effect of a thermos.

Distance from decorative wall up to the capital one is adjusted using special connecting steel anchors or a reinforcing mesh is laid. It covers the section of the well and simultaneously serves as reinforcement to strengthen the outer wall.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

Analysis of the most common mistakes when externally insulating the facades of private houses:

Thermal insulation of permanent buildings ceases to be a separate issue that is resolved after the house is built. Now it is decisive when choosing the construction technology itself.

Over time, with the rise in price of electricity and energy resources, for example, gas, the issues that will come to the fore when constructing a building heat saving.

Tell us what insulation method you used to insulate your own home and which ones you used for this. Are you satisfied with the result? Please leave your comments in the communication block located under the article.

Are you planning to reduce heating costs through proper thermal insulation, but don’t yet know what is the best way to insulate your house from the outside and how to choose a material that is affordable and has excellent characteristics? Below we will look at the most popular options for insulation for the external walls of a house, suitable for thermal insulation of buildings made of wood, brick and even foam blocks. But first, a little about the advantages of thermal insulation.

External insulation of a house - what is it for?

Scientific research into the analysis of heat losses during the operation of a house has shown that they are about 40%, and in some cases even more. This argument alone can be considered sufficient to think about insulating the house. Of course, thermal insulation is the cost of materials and work to carry it out, but already at the very first heating season they will justify themselves.

External insulation is better than internal insulation for several reasons:

• there will be no need to sacrifice the area of ​​the room, which will be significantly reduced when installing internal thermal insulation;
• the thermal insulation layer will not accumulate condensation;
• heat loss will be minimal;
• Sound insulation performance will improve.

It should be understood that In winter, the house is susceptible to frost, so condensation inevitably forms in the insulation inside it. The material becomes damp, causing mold and mildew to form. Moreover, wet insulation materials cope worse with the functions assigned to them. During the summer, insulation materials dry out, but not completely, which results in premature wear of the façade walls.

As a result of external insulation, the house is protected from frost, so moisture that gets into the thermal insulation layer is quickly removed outside, which allows you to keep the walls dry and extend their service life.

External insulation reduces the level of external noise, helping to create the most comfortable living environment in the house.

As for the disadvantages, only one can be identified with external insulation - the cost of materials and installation work. Of course, you can save on paying for workers’ services and carry out thermal insulation yourself, but only if the installation rules are followed, which will guarantee the durability and functionality of the thermal insulation system.

Types of insulation for the facade of a house

The market for materials for thermal insulation of exterior walls of a house is represented by:

More often than others, due to convenience and practicality, it is used mineral wool. The material is different high thermal insulation, fireproof. In addition, mineral wool retains its original properties during temperature changes and is not susceptible to moisture and damage caused by insect attacks. To make mineral wool, waste from blast furnaces and mineral fibers are used. You can choose a convenient material option for yourself - in rolls or slabs.

Glass wool- a type of mineral wool, practically indistinguishable from it in properties. Just like the previous material, it is made from waste, only this time it is generated during the glass production process.

When using glass wool, it is important to properly protect your hands and eyes with a mask and gloves.

Distinctive feature expanded polystyrene is a porous structure. It is she who is responsible for the excellent thermal insulation qualities of the material. Expanded polystyrene boards consist of mini cells with air, which prevent the material from rotting and do not absorb moisture. You can insulate the outside of your house with expanded polystyrene with your own hands - the process is simple, quick, and does not require skill or experience.

An interesting option for insulating the outside walls of a house is fiberglass, which is produced from broken glass, as well as sand, limestone and other components.

The material is produced in slabs and rolls. It is easy and quick to install. Other advantages include environmental friendliness and moisture resistance.

Not so long ago, ecowool began to be used for body insulation. made from cellulose fibers. Features of the material are high performance heat protection and moisture resistance. Ecowool is resistant to fungi and mold, does not attract insects and mice.

How to choose the right material for thermal insulation?

Most often, owners decide to insulate the outside of the house with expanded polystyrene, believing that this material will better cope with the role of external insulation. The decision in most cases is dictated by the low cost of the material, which is several times cheaper than mineral wool and its analogues. In addition, as mentioned above, you can insulate the facade of a house with polystyrene foam with your own hands, saving on paying for the services of craftsmen.

In order to achieve optimal thermal insulation of the building facade, you can use sheets with a thickness of 5 to 10 cm.

The finished house, insulated with foam plastic, is additionally lined using modern finishing materials, ranging from cement plaster to panels with imitation stone, brick or wood.

The only type of material for which polystyrene foam is not suitable for insulating the outside is wood.

Firstly, for natural wood such insulation is not sufficiently vapor permeable, and secondly, it is too flammable. The use of expanded polystyrene is also considered not the most suitable option in the case of a ventilated façade due to the need for precise adjustment during the installation process. The average service life of polystyrene foam as insulation is 25 years.

Ecowool

Mineral wool in addition to excellent thermal insulation, it is responsible for improved sound insulation, which is why it would be advisable to use it for insulating houses within the city. But Basalt wool is considered the most suitable for insulating the external walls of city houses. It will not be damaged by mice, it copes well with mechanical loads and will last at least 50 years.

Glass wool for insulation today is not the most suitable option, despite excellent thermal protection performance and an affordable price. The main reason for the low popularity of insulation is complex installation and fragility of the material. In addition, the components that are hazardous to health repel people.

The best option for thermal insulation is ecowool, a material that is fashionable today.. It is best used for insulating private houses and cottages; the insulation is also suitable for thermal insulation industrial buildings, warehouses, factories. The material does an excellent job of insulating a house, does not burn, and is resistant to moisture.

Alternative insulation - types of materials

For those who are not used to following the standard path, alternative insulation options for the outside of the house have been developed. These include:

• warm plaster;
• liquid foam.

Liquid foam

Liquid foam is prepared before insulating the house on site using special equipment. Once applied to the outside of the house, it forms a practical and reliable thermal insulation. If it is not possible to apply penoizol to the base in an even layer, then you can try to arrange staggered voids on the wall, and then fill them liquid material. Such insulation is expensive, but believe me, after a few seasons the savings on heating will justify the costs.

Using warm plaster as a material for thermal insulation is a profitable and convenient option, given that you will not only be able to insulate the building, but also work on creating its exclusive appearance. To insulate materials, you do not need to bring the walls to perfect condition using putty mixtures.

How to properly install insulation on a facade?

Thermal insulation can be of two types: bonded and suspended. Bonded thermal insulation is extremely popular, which is cheaper and more economical compared to hanging insulation, and also allows you to significantly reduce heat costs during the operation of the house. The materials used for bonded thermal insulation are light and easy to install, therefore they are suitable for insulating any type of base.

Before insulation, the house is cleaned and leveled as much as possible using special mixtures. Insulation materials are coated with glue and then pressed firmly into the wall. For greater effect, the slabs are secured with façade dowels. To ensure that the structure lasts as long as possible, a reinforcing mesh is used, which is also attached to the insulation using glue. The final layer can be plaster mixture or paint. Siding is also suitable as an option - durable, lightweight and imitation of various natural materials.

In conclusion, we note that thermal insulation of external walls is great way prevent heat loss, creating a comfortable and cozy environment in the room, protecting the house from external influences and extending its service life.

The best way to insulate a house from the outside: useful tips

Insulation options for thermal insulation are the most popular on the market. Features of the most popular insulation materials. An alternative to traditional external insulation. Features of installation of insulation.

What is the best way to insulate a house from the outside?

“Nature has no bad weather” is sung in one comedy, but you know that in winter, when the thermometer is -20 ° C, you are not laughing. In severe frost, all hope is for central heating. It struggles with the cold, but sometimes the frost wins. Residents of old houses suffer especially, because previously they did not pay enough attention to insulating the walls of the house.

Scheme of wall insulation under siding.

Today there are many construction companies that will help you insulate houses and apartments. They offer internal and external insulation with various materials.

The first question that arises is to insulate the wall from the inside or outside?

You can choose any option, but it is more expedient and better to insulate the wall of the house from the outside.

This method has a couple of advantages: firstly, you will save the interior space of the room, which is always in short supply anyway. Secondly, you won’t have to change the interior of the room, the texture of the walls or the wallpaper.

Any additional insulation is better than nothing, but choose the insulation material rationally. You need to take into account all the factors, the features of your home, the price and volume of material. The market offers several options for how to insulate the walls of a house from the outside:

• Styrofoam;
• basalt wool;
• expanded polystyrene;
• mineral wool;
• polyurethane foam;
• fiberglass;
• cellulose insulation.

External wall insulation with foam plastic

Insulation of walls with glass wool.

Polystyrene foam is popular in wall insulation, as it is inexpensive and copes well with its insulating function. There are also opponents of polystyrene foam who claim that it is harmful and vapor-proof. Due to poor vapor permeability, the windows in the apartment fog up; this can be solved with the help of a hood. Make sure that the hoods in the bathroom, toilet and kitchen function well.

Before you start working with polystyrene foam, seal all cracks in the wall of the house, and then prime it. Make sure that the wall is level after attaching the foam to it. It's better to do the job correctly once than to go back to it again and redo it.

External wall insulation with basalt wool

Basalt wool is an excellent and high-quality heat insulator. It is made from natural materials, so it is safe for health. If you have children and you are afraid for their health, then choose basalt wool. This wool is used to strengthen the walls of apartments, private houses, air ducts, boilers, stoves and boilers. This material is not only a heat insulator, it also prevents extraneous noise from entering the room.

Basalt wool is pressed into basalt slabs, which are subsequently used to insulate the external walls of the house. This material is not afraid of either water or fire, retains heat well, and is also durable. To insulate walls outside the house, choose high-density basalt slabs. The weight of the insulation is large, so the fastenings must be reliable; it is better to entrust this matter to professionals so that the result exceeds expectations.

External wall insulation with polystyrene foam

Scheme of wall insulation with foam plastic.

Expanded polystyrene is more expensive than polystyrene foam, but retains heat better. The stingy pays twice, so think carefully before choosing cheaper material. The downside of expanded polystyrene is poor vapor permeability, so mold forms on the walls of the house and emanates from it. bad smell. Sometimes mice can live in polystyrene foam. The main advantage of this insulation is its lightness; it is convenient to use due to its low weight.

Before you start working with polystyrene foam, you need to make the walls smooth on the outside and repair all cracks and defects. Your task is not a perfectly flat wall, but one as close to ideal as possible, so that the insulating material fits snugly against the outer wall. Start laying the material from the bottom up, the rows should be horizontal and fit tightly to each other and to the walls of the house.

External wall insulation with mineral wool

Mineral wool perfectly insulates walls, allows air to pass through well, is non-flammable, has water-resistant properties, and is environmentally friendly. This material is more expensive than the insulation materials described above. In addition to this drawback, remember that mineral wool is heavy. The weight of this material makes the work of builders much more difficult. It is pressed into mats, which are then used to insulate the walls outside. It is better to use two-layer mineral wool: one layer is soft and the other is hard. You need to install it with the soft side facing the wall and the hard side out. The thickness of the insulation must be at least 10 cm, otherwise the room in winter will not be as warm as we would like.

Mineral wool will rid your walls of fungi and mold. In winter it will insulate your home, and in summer it will perfectly keep you cool.

External wall insulation with polyurethane foam (PPU)

Polyurethane foam is popular in the construction world as it has high functionality. They insulate the walls of the house, the foundation of the building and the roof. PPU is a good heat insulator and sound insulator. If you decide to use this material, then prepare for the fact that it will be with you for 25-30 years. PPU is durable, easy to repair, convenient to install and transport. It is not afraid of mice and insects, it is perfect for insulating wooden walls and any other surfaces.

External wall insulation with fiberglass

For external wall insulation, fiberglass is sold in rolls or mats. First, decide what width you need, and based on this, buy the appropriate sizes of fiberglass. Fiberglass is an excellent material, which is glass processed under special conditions in a thread. The thickness of fiberglass is approximately 5 cm. In order to insulate a house from the outside, it is better to use two layers of fiberglass. One layer will be vertical and the other horizontal. The fiberglass must be laid so that the joints of the first layer overlap the second layer.

Cellulose insulation (CI)

One of the main positive qualities cellulose insulation - environmental friendliness. The second thing to note is the relatively low price and availability. The control unit is suitable for any surface: concrete, wood, metal, brick, etc. Cellulose insulation is used to cover not only the outer walls of houses, but also attics and attics.

TsU differs in the method of application from other insulation materials. This material is laid or sprayed onto necessary wall. The advantage of this application is that there are no seams left in the insulation and heat leakage is impossible.

Knowing how you can insulate a house, what types of insulation materials there are, you can easily choose the appropriate option. Analyze all factors and choose the most rational solution. Seek advice from a professional and have him install it. Any material will help keep your room warmer in winter. In winter, you will save on heating your apartment. It’s better to insulate the walls well once and pay money for it, and then enjoy it for many years.

The better way to insulate a house from the outside: description of materials

What is the best way to insulate a house from the outside, what material is best for your walls? Polystyrene foam is popular in wall insulation, as it is inexpensive and copes well with its insulating function.

The best way to insulate a house from the outside: choosing insulation

Surely residents of apartment buildings are a little jealous of those who live outside the city in a private building. Own living space, garden, clean air - everyone’s dream. Alas, not everything is so simple, because the harsh Russian winters force you to carefully insulate your home to avoid freezing. This requires significant investments and constant monitoring of the condition of the thermal insulation material, from which residents of urban houses are exempt.

Insulating your home is preferable to using a dozen heating devices - you can save money and also make your home more comfortable. It is known that there are two ways to insulate a private building - from the outside and from the inside. Experienced experts recommend using both, but it’s worth taking care of external insulation first. Read more about which material is best suited for which houses.

Requirements for thermal insulation material

The consumer does not face a long search for good products - the market is saturated with goods from different manufacturers, so in any hardware store you can choose a decent insulation. However, before purchasing, it is necessary to analyze the material in question according to its physical and chemical properties. These include:

• thermal conductivity coefficient (characterizes the ability of the insulation to conduct or retain air; the lower the indicator, the better - you won’t have to use a thick layer of material);
• moisture absorption coefficient (indicates the ability of the material to absorb water as a percentage by weight; the higher the indicator, the less durable the insulation);
• density (based on the value, you can determine how heavy the material will make the house);
• fire resistance (there are 4 flammability classes; the most preferable is the first (G1), which stops burning without an open source of fire);
• environmental friendliness (not the most important indicator for consumers, and in vain - to preserve the health of family members, it is worth choosing only natural material from natural components that does not emit impurities into the atmosphere and does not contain synthetic elements);
• durability (the service life of the insulation set by the manufacturer);
• hygroscopicity (the ability to absorb vapor from the air);
• resistance to pests (insects, rodents, birds);
• noise insulation properties;
• ease of installation (the insulation should be fixed quickly, with a minimum set of tools; also, a minimum amount of additional work should be done with it, such as cutting into even pieces).

It is difficult to choose a material that has all the desired qualities. For this reason, it is possible and necessary to perform insulation both outside and inside.

Advantages of external thermal insulation

The question of insulating a private house from the outside arises in two cases - at the design stage of a building or when purchasing a ready-made one, but which does not have decent thermal insulation. The second situation occurs more often. What are the advantages of insulating your home from the outside? These include:

• reduced deformability of walls due to additional protection;
• the facade perceives sharp temperature fluctuations; as a result, the service life of the structure will be extended;
• freedom in choosing the design of the facade, even when the building is erected;
• the area of ​​the interior remains unchanged; this allows you to carry out any finishing you like, and the living conditions will remain the same.

Methods for external insulation of a house

The need and benefits of thermal insulation on the outside are obvious; Now the consumer should become familiar with insulation methods. There are three of them:

• “well” arrangement of the material;
• “wet” insulation with gluing;
• ventilated facade.

In the first case, the insulation is placed inside the walls (for example, between layers of brick). It turns out that he is “locked” between two levels. The method is effective, but it is impossible to implement it for an already built house.

In the second case, the insulation layer is fixed with glue on the outside of the walls, then additionally attached to dowels. Several types of coatings are applied on top - reinforcing, intermediate, decorative (finishing). A good method, but it requires the intervention of specialists; It is impossible to carry out wet insulation of walls with your own hands without experience.

The ventilated facade resembles “well” masonry, only the outer layer is the facing material - drywall, tiles, siding, etc. Additionally, you will have to build a frame system for attaching heat insulating sheets.

The last method is the most popular, widespread and profitable. It will cost much less than “wet” insulation; Moreover, even a beginner can do the job with his own hands. Now the consumer faces the most difficult choice.

Existing materials can be divided into two large groups - organic (natural origin) and inorganic (obtained using special materials and equipment).

Types and advantages of inorganic insulation

The first place on the list rightfully belongs to the most popular material - mineral wool. It comes in three types - stone (basalt), glass and slag. Differing from each other only in appearance, varieties of mineral wool have the following qualities:

• low thermal conductivity coefficient (0.03 - 0.045);
• density variations (from 20 to 200 kg/m3);
• excellent sound insulation properties;
• vapor permeability (mineral wool can “breathe”);
• fire resistance.

It is not without a number of disadvantages, including:

• attractive to rodents and insectoids;
• deterioration of thermal insulation characteristics by 50% when only 3-5% of the volume is wet;
• never completely dries out.

In general, mineral wool is good, but it is highly undesirable to use it for cladding the outside of a house.

The second well-known external insulation is polystyrene foam. Its advantages:

• the heat conductivity coefficient is slightly lower than that of mineral wool (0.03 - 0.037);
• costs less than other insulation materials;
• light;
• density from 11 to 40 kg/m3.

• fragility;
• release of toxic substances during fire;
• does not “breathe”, which forces residents to build additional supply and exhaust ventilation;
• When directly wet, it absorbs moisture, becoming unsuitable for use.

Extruded polystyrene foam is not inferior in thermal conductivity to mineral wool and polystyrene foam. In addition, he:

• does not absorb moisture;
• convenient for installation, because it is produced in slabs;
• stronger than foam;
• almost does not allow air to pass through.

• highly flammable;
• When burned, it releases harmful substances.

There is another type of raw material used for external thermal insulation of the walls of a house - “warm” plasters. They are a mixture of balls (formed by glass, cement and hydrophobic additives). They “breathe”, insulate the room from moisture, do not burn, are not afraid of sunlight, and are easy to repair. Not very common on the market, however, experienced consumers have already appreciated this insulation.

Types and advantages of organic materials

Those who want to feel maximum closeness to nature are recommended to use raw materials made from natural ingredients. These include:

• cork insulation - have a thermal insulation coefficient of 0.045 - 0.06; are crushed tree bark, compressed under the influence of hot steam and resin as a binding element; easy to cut, “breathe”, does not form mold, non-toxic; today they are increasingly used for insulating walls outside);
• cellulose wool (ecowool) - thermal conductivity from 0.032 to 0.038; They are crushed cellulose treated with fire retardants to increase fire-fighting properties; properties resemble cork materials, but absorb liquid better; do not withstand heavy loads and are not suitable for wall cladding;
• hemp - supplied in slabs, rolls, mats based on hemp fibers; does not hold the load well, although it is quite dense (20-60 kg/m3);
• straw is an ancient way of insulating the walls of a house; breathable material treated with fire retardants to reduce flammability; today it is practically not used;
• seaweed is an exotic method of covering external walls; density up to 80 kg/m3, do not burn, do not rot, are not of interest to rodents, resistant to mold and mildew. Better suited for light walls.

Preferred insulation materials for house cladding

Each material has pros and cons. Based on the information presented above, you can make a symbolic rating of the highest quality materials for the walls of a house (the first is the most preferable, etc.). It is also worth considering the type of facade design.

For ventilated systems, mineral wool or cellulose wool is better suited. When laying wells, preference should be given to materials that do not allow moisture to pass through. This is extruded polystyrene foam. Plaster finishing of walls goes well with insulation, whose density is more than 30 kg/m3. For example, with mineral wool, polystyrene foam, polystyrene foam, and any organic material.

For light walls of a wooden house, breathable materials are better suited - mineral wool, hemp, ecowool, cork insulation. The first is preferable, but costs a little more.

A country house must be high-quality sheathed with reliable material. The consumer can choose any of those discussed earlier, guided by his wishes or financial capabilities. A competent approach to purchasing insulation is the key to the long service life of a cozy home.

We insulate the house from the outside - the pros and cons of materials

Review of materials that can be used to insulate a house from the outside. Pros and cons of heat insulators, features of installing insulation on walls.

How to insulate a house from the outside - the best materials and methods of insulation

To provide your home with heat in winter, it is necessary to insulate the entire structure. Materials should be selected in such a way that they do not carry additional load on the house. In this article we will look at the best way to insulate a house from the outside, what technologies and recommendations should be followed.

Advantages of external thermal insulation

When designing a house, you should consider insulating the entire building from the outside. The main advantages of insulation:

• thanks to additional protection, wall deformation is reduced;
• the facade part tolerates sudden temperature changes well, which increases its service life;
• The area of ​​all internal premises remains unchanged.

Types of insulation materials

To understand which material is best suited for external thermal insulation, it is necessary to analyze all the advantages and disadvantages of each. The main nuances when choosing products are their heat conductivity, moisture resistance and vapor conductivity. Modern materials for insulating a house outside allow you to perform all the work efficiently and get the desired result. Types of insulation:

• < Пенопласт - материал, состоящий из вспененного полистирола, внутри которого находятся пузырьки воздуха. Выпускают его в виде плит разного размера. По своим характеристикам обладает высокой влагостойкостью и хорошей изоляцией. Недостатком является его уязвимость к солнечным лучам, легко воспламеняется и способен выделять вредные вещества.

Important! For high-quality foam insulation, take care of a good forced ventilation system.

• Mineral wool is a material consisting of fibers. It is produced in the form of rolls or slabs. Positive characteristics include: good steam and sound insulation and high fire resistance. Among the disadvantages, it should be noted that the possibility of absorbing moisture, which leads to a decrease in insulating qualities, also rodents may appear in this material.
• Penoplex is modern material from expanded polystyrene. It is produced in the form of slabs that have high vapor permeability, are resistant to fire and have low thermal conductivity. Due to the fact that the slabs absorb virtually little moisture, it can be used in any climatic conditions. Installation does not require the use of special equipment; the slabs are perfectly cut with a knife and are easy to install.
• Polyurethane foam - environmental material, produced in the form of liquid insulation, thereby eliminating the formation of cracks. Using this material, bridges can form that can form condensation, causing the walls to begin to become damp. It tolerates frost well and is heat resistant.
• Basalt slab is a product made from basalt fibers, produced in the form of a rectangular slab. The advantages include: high thermal insulation, the material does not burn, has good sound insulation, and is resistant to moisture and high temperatures. It is also worth noting that the basalt slab is not subject to rotting and rodents do not grow in it. At correct installation plates their service life can reach 100 years.

Methods of external insulation

Experts use several effective methods for high-quality thermal insulation of a house:

• the insulating material is fixed to the façade using construction adhesive, after which the entire surface is plastered;
• three non-ventilated layers are laid on the wall, after which the insulation is attached to the solution; then leave an air space and lay the wall in one brick;
• install the façade together with ventilation, i.e. A layer of insulation is applied to the waterproofing and sheathed with siding or other material.

Such methods can maintain and create comfort in winter, as well as significantly save money on energy resources. The reasons for insulation can be different, for example, cracks or a poor heating system. To insulate walls, all work must be done outside, because laying insulation inside the house will block the access of heat to the wall. Lack of wall heat will lead to condensation, moisture, dampness and mold formation. Each of the described methods of insulating a house has its own technological features and is produced at different times of the year.

How to prepare external walls?

When you already know exactly what material will be used to insulate the building, it is necessary to carry out preparatory work. The preparation stages consist of the following actions:

• a layer of material is removed from the outer wall;
• level all cracks, crevices or depressions with a solution;
• clean the wall of debris and excess dust;
• everything is carefully primed with a deep penetration solution;
• for even installation of insulation, beacons and plumb lines are set, this will allow for high-quality finishing of the building;
• Anchors are fixed to the upper edges of the wall, onto which a cord is pulled and lowered down; this is necessary to fix the landmark when installing the frame and heat-insulating material.

All stages should be completed without haste, because... the result will depend on this.

Insulation with mineral wool and polystyrene foam

Today, the most popular materials are mineral wool and polystyrene foam. This is due to the fact that their installation method is almost the same, and they also have similar technical characteristics.

Application of foam plastic

When using polystyrene foam, the wall must be thoroughly dried. A dry wall is an important point in external insulation. If the structure is dry, take a sheet of the product and fix it to the plane with glue. In order for the slabs to be laid out evenly, a finishing strip must be secured at the bottom of the wall. Once the glue is applied to the surface of the slab, it is pressed against the wall. Dowels can be used to firmly fix the slabs. The evenness of the installation is checked using a building level and plumb lines. If the first layer is laid out evenly, you can begin laying the next one. In window and doorways install a frame to which the insulation is fixed. Joints and seams are sealed with reinforced tape, after which the entire surface is reinforced with plaster mesh. Finally, the entire surface is primed and plastered.

Application of mineral wool

Mineral wool great option for houses made of brick, wood or foam block. For high-quality insulation, a slatted frame is used. For this purpose, the expansion method is used, i.e. the distance between the slats should be less than the width of the slab. Thus, the insulation will fit tightly between the frame posts. For a wooden house with uneven surface two-layer plates are used. A loose layer of insulating material adheres perfectly to an uneven wooden surface.

Expert advice! To obtain a greater insulation effect with mineral wool, you need to use polyethylene.

For cladding, as a rule, siding, decorative brickwork and other building materials.

In order to choose the right materials for insulating the outside of your home, carefully study all the information about each type of product, consult with experts or read forums. In any case, for high-quality cladding of a country house, be guided by your wishes, financial capabilities and the opinion of professionals. Remember good insulation- the key to long-term operation, warmth and comfort in your home.

The better way to insulate a house from the outside: materials for thermal insulation of walls

Types of materials for insulating a house outside. Advantages, disadvantages and methods of external insulation. Using mineral wool and foam for walls.

Thermal insulation of external walls is the most common method of reliable insulation of old houses and buildings made using modern technologies. A wide range of materials allows you to make the right choice for an individual building and an apartment concrete building. The main thing when choosing is to know the negative and positive properties of the material for external wall insulation.

The advantages of this method of heat conservation include 5 main advantages:

1. During installation Wall panels receive guaranteed protection from sudden temperature changes at different times of the year. Therefore, the scheme will protect residents from severe frost, but will also protect them from the heat in summer. When the work is done well, the formation of a cold bridge and heat loss are prevented.
2. Such a device does not affect the internal dimensions of the building and its useful total area.
3. Insulation installed outside protects the interior from the formation of mold and dampness.
4. The work does not require a lot of time and money. But thermal insulation using materials has a sufficient level of protection for the building in comparison with lining the building with additional rows of brick or foam concrete.
5. The appearance of the wall improves and the level of sound insulation increases.

All the benefits are similar for each material, but some of them will require a thicker layer or money to purchase and install thermal insulation layers.

Types of thermal insulation for external protection

In modern conditions, industry develops and produces new substances that are used to provide thermal protection for a building or apartment. Each product will require the use of different tools and methods for applying protective coating to walls.

They have their advantages and disadvantages, the degree of frost resistance and moisture resistance; for all these qualities, the most common materials for protecting walls are:

• foam boards;
• mineral wool;
• polyurethane foam;
• expanded polystyrene;
• wall treatment with liquid thermal insulation.

These are the main coatings of the external surfaces of the building, for the implementation the right choice, it is better to know their pros and cons in more detail.

Insulating walls with foam sheets

This is one of the most common methods in terms of price and quality. To install the protective layer, no special skills are required; even a beginner can handle the job. The calculation of the amount of material depends on the total area of ​​the wall. Be sure to determine the required density and thickness of the foam sheets. The optimal level of protection depends on these values.

For installation, a special cement-adhesive mixture is used; for reliable fastening, it is possible to use special dowels. This is a very inexpensive and simple method. Has proven itself very well in low temperature conditions.

Mineral wool for external surfaces

Walls outside houses can be insulated using this roll material. At a low price it has good insulating properties. The industry produces several types of this insulation:

• glass wool;
• slag wool, made from waste from open-hearth furnaces;
• rocks serve as the basis for the production of basalt wool.

This is the most inexpensive material for thermal insulation of external walls. To impart better chemical and performance properties, the slabs are treated with special substances. Polymer impregnation is used to give the material water-repellent properties.

Treatment of walls with polyurethane foam solution

Using this method, a layer of protective material is sprayed onto the surface of the external walls. To obtain a solution, using equipment, the polyol and polyosition are mixed. At the same time, foaming of the product occurs with the help of carbon dioxide. Ready mix, enters the mounting gun.

The product is supplied under pressure, sprayed, and placed in an even layer on the walls. In this case, the use of adhesives is not required; after applying a layer of polyurethane foam, the installation of a fiberglass mesh will be required to impart strength, and finishing with finishing materials will take place on top of it. To achieve the ratio of layer size and thermal insulation properties the best option will be used outside, insulation with a density of 30 kg/m3.

Surface treatment using polystyrene foam

One of the leaders in the market for wall insulation outside the house. Inexpensive, easy to process and install, with excellent thermal insulation characteristics expanded polystyrene allows it to be installed on most housing construction projects. Available in 2 types:

• Extrusive. A substance with a denser and stronger structure. It is obtained by pressing high-viscosity melt-based materials. Using this method, extrusion-type insulation boards are formed.
• Unpressed. The PSB-S marking means non-pressed self-extinguishing polystyrene foam. Distinctive feature This material is characterized by its granular structure. The granule sizes vary from 5 mm. up to 15 mm. The two-digit number after the marking indicates the density of the material. Produced using the sintering method when exposed to high temperature.

The slabs are produced with special grooves and grooves. At -250, a 50 mm thick slab provides an excellent level of thermal conductivity for walls made of basic building materials.

Application of liquid thermal insulation

These modern materials are the most modern insulation for the outside of the building. They are used for application to metal parts and as insulation for foam block buildings. When used outside the home, this ceramic interfacing resembles applied acrylic paint.

But the voids contained in the material play the role of insulation. This ensures enough level thermal insulation outside the building. The level of thermal conductivity of liquid sealants almost corresponds to the zero heat transfer of a vacuum. The method is very simple and does not require the involvement of specialists. Apply to all wall surfaces made of any building materials. To do this, it is necessary to paint the walls outside the building using manual or hydraulic painting tools, filling all the voids and uneven surfaces.

After 6 hours the surface is completely dry. This creates a coating with a solid layer of insulation that is resistant to mechanical damage. The level of low thermal conductivity allows the substance to be applied in a thin layer, reducing heat loss through the walls. At very low and high temperatures There is no better product that can work at temperatures of -600 and +2600. At the same time, not only walls are protected from solar radiation, but also metal parts.

Another advantage of using liquid thermal insulation of walls outside the building is the low level of moisture absorption, not exceeding 4 tenths of a percent by weight of the layer of the substance. This method of protection will be better in terms of waterproofing the surface of the walls and the formation of condensation streaks on them.

This type of insulation will protect the room from the formation of mold and fungi, and will also protect the interior rooms from freezing in very severe frosts and from the heat in high summer temperatures.

In conclusion, a few conclusions

Each of the listed materials used as insulation for external walls must fulfill its main purpose. First of all, insulate a private household or an apartment in an apartment building. And then insulate the premises from moisture and drafts, but the main thing is to keep the house warm.

Which insulation is better or worse depends on the individual capabilities of the owners of the room and the conditions of its use. One of the main advantages of all the listed materials is the relative ease of application at a low price of the materials. Only polyurethane foam thermal insulation requires the use of special tools. In all other cases, work is carried out with a minimum supply of tools.