Chimney passage through the roof. How to install penetrations for chimneys through roofing ceilings How to make a passage for a chimney

Folding a stove is not an easy task, but when it comes to arranging the correct passage of the chimney pipe through the roof, this is an equally important procedure.

Chimney passage through a tiled roof

Fire safety, as well as waterproofing of the stove and attic floor. An incorrectly installed system for removing gases that are released during fuel combustion can cause fire! These gases are also hazardous to health and life human, their accumulation under the roof of residential premises creates a dangerous layer, which, reaching a critical mass, can cause irreparable damage to human health and even death!

The consequences of poorly carried out work on sealing the chimney when it exits through the roof can be as follows:

• If the pipe is not protected from moisture, dampness will easily destroy the chimney masonry over time, penetrating the seams and corroding the mortar, which can also lead to smoke in the attic, and in the worst case, a fire.
• Moisture that appears in unsealed holes around the pipe flows down the masonry, penetrating inside the chimney, and can lead to the formation of fungus. You will have to reinstall the pipe, and perhaps even part of the furnace.
• Overmoistening not only the pipe, but also the vapor barrier and insulation materials can lead to their rupture.
• As a result of the loss of thermal insulation tightness, the heat loss of the building will increase.
• There may be a disruption in air circulation in the attic, which will lead to a decrease in moisture exchange.
• Moisture entering cracks during temperature changes forms ice, which widens the cracks, and destructive processes are activated.
• Due to moisture, the entire structure of the roof can be damaged if it gets on the rafter structure and begins to corrode it.

This picture can occur in a pipe if the cracks around it are poorly sealed. To avoid such a problem, the installation of the pipe outlet through the roof must be carried out carefully and competently.

When starting this process, you need to know and follow established rules SNiP 41— 03— 01— 2003. Chimney installation work will be needed in the following cases:

• during roof construction;
• when repairing the roof;
• when installing a heating device or constructing a furnace.

The optimal location of the chimney on the roof is 1.5 m from the ridge

Experienced stove makers advise placing the pipe outlet closer to the highest point of the roof, the ridge, and it should rise above it by at least half a meter. This is convenient because less snow will accumulate in the area above the pipe, and when it melts, the risk of leakage is reduced.

If the head of the pipe is located lower along the roof slope, it should also be raised above the covering by at least half a meter.

It should be noted that the type of chimney and its finishing are very important when carrying out this process, since there are several options for designing this unit, which is important for the entire house. The exit of the head has different designs, and depends on the shape and material from which the chimney is made, the location of its exit and size. Chimney pipes can be made of metal, brick, asbestos cement or ceramics. For each type of pipe, the passage is arranged in a certain way.

The design of brick pipes leading through the roof has its own type of installation. The plastered head of the pipe is sealed in a completely different way, and a ceramic or metal chimney has several methods for sealing the seams between it and the roof.

The roofing material also plays an important role in the design of seams around the chimney.

For different types of roofing materials, it is easy to find a special element that will help make the chimney waterproofing more reliable. The main thing is to choose the correct slope of this element. It is very important that the pipe is located in the roof opening in such a way that the distance between it and the roof, as well as the rafters, is at least 5-7 cm. These gaps are filled with non-flammable insulating material, for example, asbestos.

Elements for insulating round pipes

To bring out a round pipe, which can be made of metal or ceramics, you need to properly make a hole in the roof. It is recommended to secure it around the hole, from inside the roof, a metal sheet or a specially made metal panel with a hole for the pipe. If necessary, you need to add additional bars to the sheathing to secure them.

The roof can have different slopes, and these will determine which insulating element, called roof penetration, should be chosen for waterproofing. IN construction stores a large selection of various auxiliary elements designed specifically for this procedure, different forms and diameters.

Elastic roof penetration

A pipe leading through a roof that has a slope will accordingly require a special penetration slope. Also, we can say that its choice will depend on the material with which the roof is covered. This is taken into account in order to achieve the best sealing effect.

The roof penetration is a pyramid consisting of several steps. The pyramid is located on a flexible square or round flange. The entire element is made of silicone or durable types of rubber, although sometimes one of its parts can be made of aluminum. Due to the elasticity of these materials, the penetration fits well with any roof and does not react to the effects of wind or snow melting.

The positive characteristics of such products include:

• resistance to chemical and ultraviolet influences;
• resistance to temperature changes, from - 50 to + 130 degrees;
• flexibility;
• wide range of colors - they can be matched to any roof color;
• aesthetics, the ability to complete the coating;
• due to its good fit to the roof, the penetration guarantees excellent tightness;
• The flexibility of the part makes it possible to install it on any roof slope.

Since penetrations are released different sizes, they need to be selected correctly according to the diameter of the chimney and the slope of the roof. The dimensions are indicated on the body of the element itself.

• Direct penetration is used mainly on roofs that have a slight slope, about 25 degrees, and on flat roofs.
• Corner penetrations, the flange of which must be fixed at a certain angle, for example, 20 degrees, are used to seal pipes installed on roofs with a slope of more than 25 degrees.
• A universal penetration, which can be adjusted to any pipe diameter, looks like this: on each of the steps of the penetration pyramid, the diameter for which it is intended is indicated. The craftsman just has to cut off the excess top and install it on the pipe.

Installation of a soft roof penetration for a chimney pipe

Installation of this waterproofing element is quite simple:

The installation process is simple and straightforward

After waterproofing - attached to the roof with self-tapping screws

• if a universal version is purchased, the excess part is cut off;
• Then the penetration is put on the pipe and pressed against the roof. If the roof is ribbed, the waterproofing should take the shape of the ribs of the covering;
• then a sealant is used, which coats the edges of the flange and presses it firmly to the roof;
• The last step is to fix the penetration along the flange to the roof using self-tapping screws or rivets.

The presented photos clearly show the process of installing waterproofing.

Metal penetration

Another option for waterproofing a metal pipe can be a metal penetration, which is also sold in finished form. It has excellent characteristics, but can only be installed on a roof that does not have a relief pattern, for example, a soft one. Another condition necessary for a tight installation of the flange to the roofing is the ideal angle of the element to the slope of the roof.

• There are different models of metal penetrations. On some of them, the pipe is fixed and soldered from the inside, and the top cap of the chimney is put on and welded from the outside.

• There may be another option, when the pipe passes through the penetration and a detachable metal part is fixed on top of it, which does not allow moisture to penetrate inside.
• The flange is glued to the roof using sealant and then screwed with self-tapping screws.

Square, rectangular pipe

A brick chimney almost always has a square or rectangular shape. Passing through the attic, it is brought to the roof. Next, a hole is made in the roof, which should be decorated from the inside with a metal sheet with a hole made in the middle in the shape of a pipe. Through this window the head is brought out onto the roof surface. This option is convenient when venting a chimney through a thick sheathing in the roof, for example, when installing soft roof.

If the sheathing is installed at a certain distance (for example, slate roofing), it’s good if the pipe goes between the rafters. But it also happens that the pipe rests on one of the beams supporting the roof or they are too far from the walls of the pipe. In this case, it is necessary to arrange additional parts of the rafter-beam system, which will allow the heat-resistant insulation and waterproofing to be secured around the chimney.

When the square pipe is passed through the roof, the seams around it are sealed non-flammable materials, and a penetration-casing made of metal cut in a special way is installed on top.

The picture shows an apron consisting of four parts, which is assembled in a simple way. This penetration is installed under the roof covering, and the roofing material is laid on top of it. The cracks formed in the area where the metal joins the pipe and when connecting to the roof are sealed with sealant.

If sealing is carried out on top of the roofing material, then it is made with a layer of soft waterproofing, consisting of a special tape, which is made on the basis of aluminum and lead. It is well fixed with a sealant on any flat surface or one that has a certain relief.

On the pipe itself, soft waterproofing is also placed on a sealant and secured with special metal strips. The photo clearly shows the design of such protection.

One of the options for passing a chimney pipe through the roof - video tutorial

Chimney pipe passage through a tile roof

Separately, I would like to say about the passage of the pipe through the tiled roof. Manufacturers have thought of a special element that repeats the relief pattern of the tiles and has a hole for the pipe. A pipe made of the same material is also matched to it.

These tile roofing elements are made from highly resistant plastics. They are available in the same colors as tiles, and you can always choose the right shade suitable for a particular building. But such plastic roof parts are installed only for ventilation outlets, since they are unlikely to withstand the high temperatures that accompany the smoke emanating from any furnace.

Safety criteria for the passage of a chimney pipe through the roof

It is impossible, in the scope of one publication, to both cover all the options for installing chimneys through the roof and talk about all the important tricks in this work. But there are points that are extremely necessary to know.

• In the structure of some roofs there are layers of different materials, which do not have pronounced fire-resistant properties. Therefore, it is very important to provide fire safety rules.

In order to secure wooden floors and other flammable materials, special boxes are built around a chimney of any shape.

The pipe is placed in a special fireproof box

This option is very convenient for roofs covered with slate, tiles or other materials with a three-dimensional pattern, as well as for soft roofing. The box is lined up flush with the sheathing, on which the roofing covering is laid. It must have a certain thickness in order to reliably protect the entire layer of sheathing and the vapor barrier and insulation installed on it from possible overheating and fire. It’s not bad if there is also a distance of about 5-7 cm between the chimney and fire-resistant materials.

• When purchasing a penetration, you must make sure of its reliability and resistance to temperature changes and increased heating, and only then check its waterproofing qualities.
• The correct installation of the pipe and its passage through the roof is very important, since this is not only a decorative element, but also a functional one. We must not forget that the safety of your health and property will depend on the correct installation of this unit.
• The materials used in such work must meet the necessary requirements specifically for this device. For example, ventilation pipes must not be used to remove smoke from heating appliances. You definitely need to know the characteristics of the materials you are purchasing, and it is better to consult with a specialist if anything is in doubt.

In any case, if you have never dealt with this type of work, it is not worth the risk. The best option would be to invite a master who has performed this process more than once. It will complete the task faster and will not spoil the overall appearance of the roof.

In buildings with stove heating, such as a private house, bathhouse and others, the construction of a chimney and the organization of its outlet to the outside are required. When arranging the passage of a pipe through the roof, it is necessary to comply with certain standards to ensure safety and preserve protective properties roofs.

Chimney passage through the roof

The chimney is designed to remove fuel combustion products (coal, gas, firewood, peat) and form stove draft. The method of exiting the pipe through the roof is determined at the design stage. The main condition for this is to ensure the fire safety of the roof, especially at its junction with the pipe, as well as to protect the joint from the ingress of atmospheric moisture and the accumulation of condensate. The height of the pipe is determined by SNiP standards and depends on the distance at which it is located from the roof ridge:

• if the distance from the center of the pipe to the ridge is no more than 1500 mm, then the height of the pipe above the ridge should be no less than 500 mm;
• when the distance between the center of the chimney and the roof ridge is from 1500 to 3000 mm, the height of the pipe coincides with the height of the ridge;
• if the distance exceeds 3000 mm, the height of the chimney must be no lower than a line drawn from the ridge at an angle of 10°.

The height of the chimney pipe is determined by SNiP standards and depends on the distance to the roof ridge

The shorter the distance from the pipe to the ridge, the greater the height of the pipe should be.

Chimney passage unit

This element can be located in different places on the roof. One of the preferred options by roofers is to pass the chimney directly through the ridge. This method is characterized by the easiest installation and avoids the accumulation of snow above the pipe wall. The disadvantage of this arrangement is that it reduces the strength of the rafter system, in which the ridge beam is either absent or sawn and secured with two supports on the sides of the pipe outlet, which is not always possible to implement.

The chimney outlet through the ridge is simple to install, but can compromise the strength of the rafter system

Most often, the pipe is located near the ridge. This way the chimney is least exposed to cold, and therefore condensation accumulates inside. The disadvantage of this arrangement is that the closer the pipe is to the ridge, the greater its height, which means that construction will require additional funds.

Exiting the chimney at a short distance from the ridge is the most common and convenient option.

It is not recommended to route the chimney through the valley, as snow can accumulate in these places, which will lead to a violation of the waterproofing and the occurrence of leaks. In addition, it is difficult to organize a chimney duct at the junction of the slopes. You should not place the chimney at the bottom of the slope - it can be damaged by snow coming off the roof.

The material from which the pipe is made also affects the organization of its outlet system. Typically, pipes are made of metal, asbestos cement or fire bricks, but sometimes ceramic ones are also found. The methods of waterproofing them will be different. In addition, each type of fuel has a certain combustion temperature, and this must also be taken into account when constructing a chimney.

Depending on the shape of the chimney pipe, the outlet hole can be square, round, oval or rectangular. To protect the roof covering from high temperatures and protect it from fire, a box is installed around the chimney. This happens as follows:

1. Additional rafters are installed to the right and left of the pipe.
2. Horizontal beams are laid at the bottom and top at the same distance and of a similar cross-section. The distance between the box beams and the pipe walls is determined by SNiP and is 140–250 mm.
3. Inside the box is filled with non-flammable insulating material, for example, stone or basalt wool. It is not recommended to use fiberglass due to its high flammability.

The space of the box should not be filled with fiberglass - it may ignite under the influence of high temperatures

It is necessary to take into account that the construction of the box may disrupt the ventilation of the under-roof space, so additional ventilation systems can be installed.

Video: installation features of the chimney passage unit

Features of chimney outlet through different types of roofing

When arranging the passage of a chimney pipe, you need to pay attention to protection from precipitation that will flow down the pipe and roof. To moisture-proof the connection between the pipe and the roof, a protective apron is installed around the chimney. This technology is similar for roofs with different coatings.

Metal tile covering

Metal tiles - popular roofing material, which is thin steel, aluminum or copper sheets coated with a protective layer.

Output of a square or rectangular pipe

If the pipe is made of brick and has a square or rectangular cross-section, you can use the materials included with the coating to pass it through the metal tile roof. Since brick chimneys can have non-standard dimensions, before removal, part of the covering sheets is removed or a hole of a larger area is cut out.

To waterproof the joint, special elastic tapes with an adhesive layer applied to one side are used. One edge of the tape is glued to the base of the pipe, the other to the roof sheathing. The edge is fixed at the top with a metal strip, which is attached to the pipe wall with heat-resistant dowels. All joints are coated with sealant.

To reduce the likelihood of water flowing down the chimney wall, you can make a recess under the bar - a groove

You can make an apron for a square or rectangular pipe with your own hands. It is made from a smooth metal sheet of the same color as the main coating. The upper edge of the apron is tucked under the row of metal tiles located above so that water flowing from above does not fall under it. If the pipe is located close to the ridge, the edge of the apron can be tucked under the ridge or bent to the other side. To protect the passage opening from precipitation, a tie is installed under the apron.

It is better to organize the outlet of the chimney before laying the metal tile covering.

Conducting a round pipe

When leading a round chimney or sandwich pipe through a metal tile roof, roof penetrations are most often used, connected to a cap through which the pipe is routed. A neat round hole is cut in the coating according to the size of the chimney, a universal glass or master flush is placed on the pipe, and the joints are sealed.

To seal the joint between the round pipe and the roof, special penetrations are used

Video: sealing the passage of a brick pipe through a metal tile roof

Corrugated roofing

Profiled sheet is one of the most common roofing materials. But a leak can also occur in it if the chimney outlet is not arranged correctly. With this type of coating, it is better to place the chimney vertically. The hole in the roof is cut with a grinder, and it is necessary to ensure that the cut edge of the corrugated sheet is without jagged edges.

Carrying out a rectangular pipe

If it is necessary to organize a passage for a rectangular or square pipe, the apron can be made from galvanized sheet.

1. 4 strips are cut out of metal, which will be placed in front, behind and on the sides of the pipe.
2. A sheet of galvanized steel is laid from the bottom edge of the chimney to the eaves. This element is called a tie and is subsequently covered with roofing material.
3. The planks are tightly attached to the pipe, their lower part is fixed to the sheathing, and the upper part is placed on the chimney.
4. A groove is made in the wall of the pipe into which the curved edge of the strip is inserted. First, the bottom bar is installed, then both sides and the top. The sheets are folded under one another.
5. Before laying corrugated sheeting, the passage of the chimney must be waterproofed. You can use regular waterproofing film, which is cut with an “envelope” and glued to the pipe, but it is optimal to use self-adhesive waterproofing tape.

The upper bar adjacent to the pipe is filled with sealant

Round pipe outlet

When leading a round pipe through a corrugated sheet covering, use a roll bitumen waterproofing or foil bitumen tape. A roofing penetration is put on the chimney, which is glued to the sheathing and sealed with a heat-resistant sealant. If the passage is made of rubber, it can melt from the heating of the pipe, so it is necessary to secure a clamp with a heat-resistant gasket under it.

If you use a roofing duct made of heat-resistant rubber, you can avoid its melting

Video: passing a pipe through a corrugated roof

Ondulin roofing

Ondulin is also called “Euroslate”. The peculiarity of this coating is that it is flammable and does not have great strength. Therefore, in order to pass the chimney pipe, you will need to make a large hole in the roof and fill it with fire-resistant material that will prevent moisture from entering.

To waterproof the junction of the chimney and the roof, install a metal roof trim with an apron, the edges of which are placed under sheets of ondulin or use an elastic tape “Onduflesh”. This coating requires additional ventilation.

In the roof made of ondulin, you will need to make a hole for a larger diameter pipe and fill it with fire-resistant material

Video: sealing a chimney on a roof made of ondulin

How to route a pipe through a soft roof

Soft roofing is also a flammable material, so a gap of 13–25 mm must be left between the covering and the chimney. Waterproofing the pipe is carried out in the same way as with other coatings, only instead of an elastic tape, a valley carpet is used or the coating itself is placed on the pipe - bitumen shingles or roofing felt.

When waterproofing the joint between a pipe and a soft roof, the coating itself can be used instead of elastic tape

Stages of work to remove the chimney through the roof

To bring a chimney through a finished roof, the following steps are necessary:

1. The location of the passage in the roof between the rafters and the cross beam is selected.
2. The box is mounted: rafters are constructed from beams, parallel rafter legs, and beams. The cross-section of the beams for the box is taken equal to the cross-section of the rafter beams. The width of the sides of the box will be 0.5 m greater than the diameter of the pipe.
3. A hole is cut in the roof slope. To do this, through holes are drilled in the four corners of the box from the inside, at the junction of the rafters and beams. After this, the layers of the roofing cake are cut along the inner perimeter of the box and diagonally.

   After installing the flange, it can be given the required shape with a hammer

Video: DIY chimney box

Exiting a chimney pipe through the roof is a responsible matter, in which strict adherence to installation technology is required so that there is no danger of leaks and pipe destruction. Carrying out pipe removal work includes many nuances that take into account the roofing covering, the material and shape of the pipe, and waterproofing methods. Therefore, you should study all stages of work in advance and consult with a specialist.

Installing a pipe on the roof is an operation that requires a special approach. In this article we will consider questions about how the chimney passage through the roof should be in order to comply with SNiP standards, as well as protect the structure from moisture penetration and the possibility of fire.

A well-made chimney passage through the roof is a guarantee of long service life of the stove and roof. Source houseinform.ru

Chimney installation rules

If the house has a stove, then a chimney is also needed. Although instead of a stove there may be a special tank running on gas. In any case, the house is heated somehow, and combustion products need to be removed. There are several options for removing the pipe through the roof, related to determining the location. It is planned when a house project is being developed. The location is considered relative to the ridge of the roof - a horizontal edge that is located where two slopes meet. The pipe can be installed:

directly in the ridge;

at a distance from the ridge.

The first and second options have their pros and cons. On the one hand, it is easier to install a chimney in a ridge. But this is for someone who deals with this particular issue. But for arranging a rafter system, this is more difficult, because you will have to make a gap in the horizontal beam. On the other hand, when the pipe is in the ridge, this guarantees good traction. And the possibility of leakage under it is reduced to a minimum here. But still, most often the chimney is moved relative to the ridge.

Chimney offset relative to the roof ridge Source katlavan.ru

In this case, the following building regulations must be observed:

If the chimney on the roof is installed at a distance of no more than 1.5 m from the ridge, then the pipe should be 0.5 m higher than it.

When installed at a distance of 1.5 m to 3 m from the ridge, it is made on the same level with it.

When the pipe is more than 3 m from the ridge, it can be lower than it, but no more than 10°.

Most the best option the location of the pipe relative to the ridge - not far from it. If you make the chimney much lower, the risk of damage from falling snow increases.

To ensure good traction, you must adhere to certain placement standards chimney relative to the roof ridge Source rekvartira.ru

There is a place where it is generally not recommended to install a pipe - the valley. This internal corner, which is formed by two slopes of a complex roof when connected. There is always an increased load on it, since precipitation flows there and snow is retained. With such an installation, the possibility of waterproofing damage is very high. This means that there will be leaks.

Protecting the roof from heat coming from the pipe

When organizing the passage of a pipe through the roof, it is important to insulate the roof from it. After all, the pipe gets very hot, which increases the fire hazard. The roof is protected using a separate box, the beams and rafters of which are located taking into account the requirements of SNiP. Norm according to minimum distance from the chimney to the supporting beams and rafters is from 130 to 250 mm. The inside of the box is filled with some material that does not burn. For example, it could be basalt or stone wool.

The chimney must never touch the roofing directly. Source barmanlive.ru

Further organization of the pipe outlet depends on what shape it is and what it is made of. The shape of the chimney can be made either as a regular square or round, or in the form of a rectangle or oval. And pipes can be brick, metal, asbestos-cement or ceramic. The material from which the roof is made is also taken into account. This can be slate, metal tiles, corrugated sheets, ondulin, roofing felt or bitumen shingles. Each case has its own characteristics.

Video description

The consequences of incorrect installation can be seen in the video:

On our website you can find contacts construction companies who offer installation services for stoves and fireplaces. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.

Installation of a round pipe

Often in construction a circular chimney section is used. To pass a round pipe through the roof and seal it tightly, special flexible adapters are used. They are made from heat-resistant polymer with elastic properties. In appearance, such an adapter looks like a funnel, at the base of which there can be a circle or a square. The base is called an apron, it is made in the form of wide fields. Since the material is elastic, it easily takes on different configurations. Therefore it has a wide range of applications. Such adapters can be used on roofs with any covering and slope angle.

Exit of a round pipe through an ondulin roof Source nashaotdelka.ru

The main thing is to choose an adapter that will match the diameter of the pipe. Although there are universal options for such products. They are made in the form of a stepped pyramid. To adjust their size to the pipe, the excess is simply cut off with scissors. Elastic adapters are attached to the roof using bolts or metal studs. They are installed in holes on the flange, which presses the adapter to the roof. The space between the flange and the roof surface is lubricated with a sealant that can withstand temperature changes.

Universal adapter for passing a round pipe through the roof Source pinterest.it

Features of a sandwich chimney

A type of round pipe is a sandwich chimney. It consists of two pipes of different diameters, between which there is a heat-resistant thermal insulation material. They are made of stainless steel. The sandwich chimney is in great demand because it provides stable draft, does not heat up, is easy to install and looks beautiful in appearance.

The passage through the roof of a sandwich chimney can also be done using an elastic adapter. However, it may not be in harmony with its mirror surface. In this case, a metal adapter is used, the material of which is also stainless steel. It is not flexible, so you must take into account the diameter of the pipe and the angle of the roof slope.

Video description

The passage of a sandwich chimney through the roof is shown in the video:

A special feature of organizing the passage of a sandwich chimney is the installation of a PPU - ceiling-passage assembly. This device protects all wooden elements through which the chimney passes from high temperatures. It is a metal structure with a certain diameter through which a pipe must be passed. The material of its manufacture is galvanized steel or mineralite. Inner surface The unit is lined with thermal insulation.

Ceiling-passage unit for round pipe Source plamia.by

On our website you can familiarize yourself with the most. In the filters you can set the desired direction, the presence of gas, water, electricity and other communications.

Passage through metal tiles

Metal tiles are sheets of steel, copper or aluminum, which are coated with a polymer layer. They look like natural tiles, which is folded in even rows. This roofing material is very popular. If a round pipe is to be passed through the metal tile, flexible adapters are used, which we have already described. When using a square or rectangular brick pipe, a different method of installation is used. It is as follows:

The connecting unit is being manufactured. It consists of two aprons - internal (main) and external (decorative). The material of manufacture is thin aluminum sheet or tin.

Before the metal tiles are laid, an internal apron is installed on the sheathing. These are 4 strips located on 4 sides of the pipe. They simultaneously extend under the metal tile (no less than 250 mm) and onto the pipe (no less than 150 mm).

The apron elements are installed in a groove - a groove that is cut along the perimeter of the pipe to a depth of 10 to 15 mm. The groove is cleaned and filled with fire-resistant sealant.

To install the apron, you need to make a special groove in the pipe Source experttrub.ru

The apron is attached to the pipe using heat-resistant dowels. The joints between the four planks are soldered. On the slats that are located on the sides, sides are made, the purpose of which is to drain water down.

The lower part of the apron is installed on the so-called tie - a sheet of metal with sides. This ensures water drainage from the chimney to the bottom of the roof. The width of the tie should be greater than that of the pipe by at least 0.5 m on both sides. Its length depends on the distance from the pipe to the edge of the roof.

After installing the tie and interior apron, the metal tiles are laid.

An external apron is installed on top. It is usually a corrugated sheet of lead or aluminum. There is a decorative strip in its upper part. It is attached to the pipe using self-tapping screws. The attachment point is slightly higher than parts of the inner apron. Before fixing the decorative strips, the fastening points are coated with sealant. To attach the corrugated sheet, its back side is provided with a self-adhesive coating.

Finished chimney pipe passed through a metal tile Source tproekt.com

Installing a chimney through corrugated sheeting

Corrugated sheeting is a sheet of metal produced by cold rolling and then profiled. Mainly made of steel, but can be made of copper and aluminum. The sheet has ribs of oval, square, trapezoidal or polygonal shape. The top is done special coating, which gives it anti-corrosion properties. Corrugated sheeting is often used as a roofing material.

To pass the chimney through the roof, in the case of a square or rectangular pipe, a device in the form of two aprons and a tie is used. The method is the same as for a metal roof. Installing round pipes in corrugated sheeting is not recommended, because it is difficult to cut the correct circular section into it. But if you still make a round chimney, the pipe is insulated using a universal elastic adapter.

Accessories for round pipes Source metalsteel.com.pl

Passage through ondulin

Ondulin looks like regular slate, but its material is completely different. This is compressed cellulose, which is treated with bitumen impregnation. He can be different color, resistant to water, but burns quite well. Therefore, when a passage through the roof is organized, maximum attention is paid to filling it with fire-resistant materials. The hole for the pipe in the ondulin is made large. To insulate the junction of the roof and the chimney, an apron is used, which is placed under the roof. In this case, elastic self-adhesive tape “Onduflesh” is used, made of bitumen with an aluminum insert.

Brick pipe passed through ondulin Source: seaside-home.ru

Installation of a chimney in a soft roof

Soft roofing is a flammable material, so it is important here that there is a gap of 13 to 25 mm between the pipe and the covering. The passage of the chimney through the roof is organized depending on its shape - flat or pitched. The material from which the pipe is made also plays a role. If the roof is flat, consisting of a concrete slab and the pipe is not made of brick, the passage is made as follows:

Around the pipe at a distance of about 15 cm along the perimeter, everything is removed, right down to the concrete.

The formwork is being installed.

Concrete is poured so that a side is formed, the height of which is 15 cm.

The roofing covering is applied to the walls.

Where the roofing material connects to the side, a metal strip is installed. Fastening is done using dowels.

An ebb tide is installed on the side.

If the pipe is brick, there is no concrete side. In this case, roofing material is placed on it and a metal apron is installed on top. A groove is made in the wall of the pipe (depth 1.5 cm), into which the edge of the apron is inserted.

When passing a pipe through a soft roof, many nuances must be taken into account Source teplospec.com

The junction is filled with sealant. When pitched roof waterproofing is carried out as on other coatings, that is, using aprons (for square and rectangular pipes), as well as flexible or metal adapters (for round ones).

Installing a chimney in a finished roof

If the chimney is not installed at the construction stage of the house, but in a finished roof, the following is done:

There is a place for output taking into account the requirements of SNiP. This should be the space between the cross beam and the rafters.

A box is made of beams, the cross-section of which is equal to the cross-section of the rafters. The box is made such that the width of its sides is 0.5 m greater than the diameter of the pipe.

A hole is cut in the roof equal to the perimeter of the box. To comply with it, through holes are drilled from the inside in the corners of the box.

The roofing material is bent outward, a pipe is inserted into the hole and secured.

The box is sealed with fire-resistant material for thermal insulation.

The junction of the pipe and the roof is sealed. The flange (adapter) is being installed.

The pipe must be routed only through an adapter Source rinnipool.ru

Video description

See the following video for a visual demonstration of how to install a pipe through a finished roof:

Conclusion

In order for the chimney to be correctly routed through the roof, you need to know all the intricacies of this work. Thanks to this, the pipe will be installed in the right place, in compliance with the requirements of all construction rules and regulations. The house will also be reliably protected from leaks and the possibility of fire.

When constructing a stove, special attention should be paid to the correct arrangement of the chimney pipe, without which long-term operation of the heating structure is impossible. Since the services of a professional stove fitter are expensive, budget-conscious homeowners often decide to install the chimney on the roof themselves.

Features of the structural design of chimneys

Installation of chimneys is required in houses where there is a Russian stove or fireplaces operating on solid fuel. If you want to have a real heating structure made of brick or stone, you need to choose the right location for its installation. In ancient times, people first laid out the stove, and only then built the walls.

In order not to provoke a fire hazard, you must adhere to a number of rules. This should not be placed above the stove. a large number of wooden ceiling elements, since there is a high air temperature, which is fraught with big troubles, including ignition of beams and ceilings.

The performance of the smoke exhaust structure depends on how straight the chimney is on the roof and its length. To ensure the required draft force, it is necessary that the air blows through the chimney at the location of the ridge or close to it.

Rapid cooling of gases appearing in the furnace shaft as a result of fuel combustion should not be allowed. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure not only correct installation chimney on the roof, but also its high-quality insulation. If this is not done, condensation will constantly appear at the point of contact of warm air masses with cold ones - it will eventually saturate the chimney and begin to descend lower, destroying the structure and clogging it.

Selection of materials for the chimney

When building a stove, you need to purchase the right building materials; this is the only way to ensure the smoke exhaust duct has optimal temperature regime and long service life. Materials must warm up quickly.

To build chimneys use:

• ceramics;
• metal;
• asbestos cement mortars.

Each of the listed materials has its own disadvantages - this does not allow us to call their choice ideal. Therefore, when purchasing this or that product, you should consider how suitable the product is for installing a chimney on the roof.

For example, metal structures look good, but only if an on-mount chimney is built. But making a basic model of a metal pipe will be very expensive.

During construction internal parts chimneys use bricks or modules - fire-resistant and durable materials. For external sections of the structure, it is better to use asbestos-cement products.

Variety of chimney schemes

When building a chimney, one of the existing schemes is used, according to which the choice of building materials is made. If you choose it correctly, you can significantly save money and time on work.

Pipe layouts depending on the type of structure are:

• hidden - they are installed in ventilation ducts located inside the walls of buildings;
• mounted - the chimney is connected to the outlet of the air ducts of stoves or fireplaces;
• external - pipes are installed on the facade or roof;
• radical - a vertical riser is mounted on its own foundation.

Before taking the pipe outside the building, first they arrange the internal hidden areas, and then begin to construct the external chimney. Root or mounted schemes involve the exit of chimney systems through the roof or attic.

Self-construction of chimneys

The technology for installing a smoke duct has much in common with the installation of a conventional air duct. The difference lies in the presence of more stringent requirements for the operation of the chimney. Therefore, the process of arranging pipes for furnaces requires accurate calculations and selection building materials, parts for fasteners, fire-resistant putties and other things.

Modular pipe

In the case where the chimney is planned to be laid in the wall of the house, this nuance should be taken into account at the stage of wall construction, otherwise the hole will need to be punched using a jackhammer. It is possible to install a stove duct in an already equipped ventilation duct, but as a result, the fire safety of the smoke exhaust structure will significantly deteriorate.

To implement a hidden pipe scheme, you need to use the services of an experienced architect, since during the operation of the furnace, temperature deformations are possible - the dimensions of the channel increase from the influence of hot gas, thereby exposing the walls to destructive processes.

Chimney sections inside load-bearing structures can be constructed from multilayer blocks. They are placed over the entire surface of the wall, using a temperature-resistant adhesive for fixation. This material is able to level out thermal deformations, thanks to damper gaskets, and thereby ensure the integrity of the building.

The main advantage of this design is that there is no need to insulate the pipe on the roof of the house - the channel will go outside above the roof level inside the gable.

Mounted steel chimney

Installing steel chimneys does not require special skills or a lot of time, so they are often preferred by homeowners, and such structures are relatively inexpensive.

It should be taken into account that:

1. Any metal pipe must consist of at least two parts and must be disassembled accordingly. After a few years, the first section burns out from high temperatures, not the entire structure will need to be replaced, but only a section of it.
2. Where the chimney will be brought out through the roof and wall, fire-resistant insulation is laid, otherwise the building may catch fire.
3. The section of the pipe located in an unheated room must be properly insulated so that cold air masses do not cool the gas and thereby affect the performance of the heating unit. As a result, condensate will not collect on the surface of the pipe and it will not rust.
4. It is imperative to waterproof metal pipes using non-combustible materials.

Install the metal shell structure in stages:

1. The first elbow is placed on the screen pipe or on the outlet of the furnace air duct.
2. The second ring is brought out through the attic into the room and fixed on a fire-resistant spacer.
3. Connect both knees.
4. The third segment is led out into the attic through a through opening in the roof. The place where the pipe exits to the street is covered with a spherical casing.

Root brick pipe

Of such a type stove chimney made of bricks will last for many years. The main pipe is installed on a foundation, which is laid separately during the construction of the basement floor.

The installation technology of this chimney is more complex than a mounted one metal structure. The fact is that the main pipe must withstand the longitudinal load from the weight of the entire unit, so it is laid out from baked bricks.

Features of the structure:

1. To build a chimney channel, leave a hole the size of a brick or half a brick. To lay one layer, 4-6 bricks will be enough.
2. The layers are laid out so that the bottom joining seam of the row is under the whole brick.
3. Before the chimney pipe is brought out through the roof, a special module is made in the place where it passes through the ceiling to shift the axis of the section piercing the roof relative to the axis of the part of the chimney located in the room.

The design of this type is complex, and it is installed when there are no other options.

External chimney

A pipe mounted from metal or asbestos-cement modules is installed along the facade of the building, moving in the direction from bottom to top.

External structures have the following features:

• in the place where the pipe enters the building, a hole is made, through which a horizontal segment of the chimney is then brought out;
• the junction of the horizontal and vertical sections is designed in the form of a tee, one part of which is closed with a plug. This element is used when cleaning the chimney;
• the pipe is attached to the facade using detachable metal clamps. The lower part of the chimney is strengthened with a superstructure specially erected on a separate foundation.

Pipe outlet through the roof

When removing the smoke exhaust structure through the roof slab, you must ensure:

• protecting the place of its exit so that moisture or debris does not get inside the building;
• reliable fire safety.

In any case, it will be necessary to construct a rafter system with an interrupted beam or without a load-bearing beam at all. Therefore, additional supports will be needed, but they cannot always be done, especially if there is an attic.

You should not install a chimney in a place where two roof slopes meet, since then it is almost impossible to ensure a high-quality connection and insulation.

When conducting construction work It is necessary to take into account some important nuances:

1. A distance of at least 25 centimeters is maintained between the roof and the rafters.
2. In the case where the attic gable roof is built from flammable building materials, a gap of 13 to 25 centimeters is required. If non-flammable products were used in this case, a few centimeters are enough.
3. The chimney must be removed from the sheathing.
4. To protect the thermal insulation layer from moisture and exposure to hot steam, continuous heat and vapor barrier should be installed, but always with a small gap.
5. The ideal solution would be to construct a box made of metal sheets in the area adjacent to the chimney. It is placed at a distance of approximately 15 centimeters from the pipe. The existing gap is filled with non-flammable thermal insulation, which is, for example, stone wool.

Insulation of the chimney structure

When installing a chimney on the roof, insulated chimney has a number of advantages:

1. The efficiency of the furnace increases several times.
2. The level of safety during operation of the unit becomes higher.
3. The stove acquires an aesthetic appearance.

To do on gable roof three-level waterproofing, you need:

1. First, prime the structure with polymer mastic and stick on a superdiffusion membrane, wrapping its edges, which will ensure a sealed joint between the chimney and the roof, even when moisture enters.
2. Install metal corners at the top and bottom. The upper metal sheets are laid on the lower ones so that the moisture flows downwards by gravity. Experts recommend laying the bottom tie up to the eaves of the roof.
3. Nail additional bars onto the sheathing to secure the corners.
4. Treat parts with sealant.
5. Secure the resulting structure with dowels.
6. Lay ondulin end-to-end, using bitumen mastic to treat the seams.
7. Place a special apron made of ceramics, plastic or other materials in a circle on top of the ondulin, using onduflesh to seal.

To perform a quality installation, you need to have knowledge of how to properly install a pipe on the roof and have the appropriate skills. Installing a chimney is associated with great risks, so you should not forget about safety measures when work is carried out on the roof of a house.

1. If the decision is made not to build a separate box for the chimney below, it is necessary to ensure a gap between the chimney structure and the combustible materials used for the walls.
2. The section of the chimney that will be located outside must be made without joints. When this is not possible, the connection should be made above the point where the pipe exits the ceiling, without coming into contact with the sheathing and roofing. The joints are tightened with iron clamps, covered with asbestos material and secured.
3. If you want to lay a brick chimney, you need to purchase special baked bricks, using clay or strong grades of cement for laying.
4. If you are not sure what you can build brick chimney yourself, then it’s better to buy finished design. The homeowner will only have to study the information on how to secure the pipe to the roof. Today, there are insulated and protected chimney systems on sale that do not need to be coated with asbestos and treated with mastic.
5. For improvement fire protection the structure needs to be covered with a canopy to protect it from accidental sparks and precipitation.

Content

Heating units operating on solid, gas or liquid fuels are equipped with a smoke channel to remove combustion products. Increased demands are placed on the functionality and safety of chimneys, since due to the use of low-quality materials for their installation or violation of technology and SNiP standards, the structure itself may collapse and a fire may occur. Particular care should be taken to arrange the passage through the roof for the chimney to ensure waterproofing and fire safety of the unit. Let's look at how to properly drill a smoke duct through a roofing system.

Smoke channel passage

Consequences of poor installation

The passage unit must be reliably protected from moisture penetration, therefore great importance adheres to installation technology and uses reliable and durable materials. Poor waterproofing of pipes leading through the roof:

• Leads to the destruction of the brick chimney due to weakening of the mortar, resulting in flue gases may enter the attic. Fire danger also increases.
• It provokes the penetration of moisture into the brick chimney channel and the occurrence of fungus in the warm season.
• Promotes waterlogging and damage to the waterproofing carpet and vapor barrier membrane.
• Increases the heat loss of the building (accordingly, fuel costs increase).
• It disrupts the air circulation in the room under the roof, this leads to an increase in humidity levels and provokes rotting of wooden structures. IN difficult cases this leads to the need overhaul rafter system of the house.
• Causes the formation of ice, causing cracks to expand and destruction of the roofing next to the chimney pipe.

Chimney placement and height

To ensure optimal traction force for efficient combustion of fuel, the total length of the smoke channel should be from 5 to 10 meters. The height of the upper edge of the chimney relative to the ridge of the roof or wall is also important. tall building located in close proximity.

When designing the passage of a chimney pipe through the roof, you should be guided by current rules and standards, requirements fire safety. The following should be taken into account:

• The recommended location for installing the chimney is at a distance of no more than one and a half meters from the highest point of the roof (ridge). In this case, the upper cut of the pipe should be located at least 50 cm above the ridge.
• If the pipe is 1.5–3 meters from the ridge, its upper part can be located at the level of the ridge. When the chimney is removed by more than three meters, its height above the roof is calculated depending on the height of the ridge. The upper cut of the ridge should fall on an imaginary line drawn from the ridge at an angle of 10° relative to a horizontal line passing through the same point.
• The place where the chimney pipe passes through the roof should be located between the rafters at a distance of at least 25–30 cm from the wooden elements of the roofing system. If part of the rafter is removed, a special structure is installed so that the roof frame can withstand operational loads.
• A gap of 13–25 cm should be left between the chimney pipe and the edges of the roof covering, which is not resistant to fire (soft roofing, roofing felt), if the roof is made of sheet metal, natural or cement-sand tiles, slate, this distance can be reduced to a minimum.

It is not recommended to install a chimney pipe in a place where the valley of a complex roof is located. Precipitation flows down it, which flows here from two slopes, in addition, snow masses will accumulate near the chimney and melt. Increased load inevitably leads to depressurization of the joints between the penetration and the roof; they will have to be regularly checked and repaired.

Fire safety

The wooden rafter system and some layers of the roofing pie (waterproofing, vapor barrier) cannot withstand heat and can ignite or melt. The safety of system elements that are not fire resistant is ensured by installing a special box around the perimeter of the hole in the roof.

The box is mounted from a wooden block; it should be located flush with the sheathing, with outside roofs. Along the perimeter of the box, on the outside, the edges of the vapor barrier are fixed - a carpet made of roofing felt or other waterproofing material, as well as the edges of the vapor barrier membrane on the room side, if we are talking about an insulated roof. In both cases, a cross-shaped cut is made in the panel and triangular fragments of material are tucked inside. For fastening, nails with wide heads or staples are used, and sealant or adhesive tape allows you to achieve a tight seal between the materials around the perimeter of the wooden box.

The passage through the roof of the chimney provides for thermal insulation of the chimney with basalt wool or other non-combustible materials. If possible, an air gap of 5–7 cm wide is left between the insulation layer and the chimney itself.

If the installation of a chimney involves the use of a special element - a penetration, when choosing it, first of all, make sure that the element is made of a material that is resistant to temperature changes.

Please note: do not use materials that are not designed to withstand high temperatures, such as pipes and roof penetrations for ventilation ducts.

Rectangular or square pipe

The brick chimney of a classic stove usually has a rectangular or square cross-section, as this is the simplest shape for installation. The outer casing of a ceramic stove chimney looks similar.

In the standard version, the chimney duct is located strictly vertically, but on the attic floor you can arrange a horizontal section of short length in order to adjust the location of the chimney exit to the roof.

A hole is cut in the roofing pie and installed wooden structure, which was mentioned above. After the laying of the pipeline passing through the roof is completed, it is necessary to ensure reliable protection of the passage unit from precipitation. From the inside, from the outside attic space, a steel sheet is attached to design the penetration site (a hole in it is cut to the size of the pipe, the sheet is put on the chimney in advance). The protective and decorative plate is attached to the edges of the support box using self-tapping screws, and the joint around the perimeter of the pipe is filled with fire-resistant sealant. The inside of the box is lined with asbestos sheets, or the gap between it and the pipe is filled with basalt wool.

From the outside, the edges of the waterproofing, in which a cross-shaped cut was previously made, are placed on the brick pipe. Each of the resulting triangles is cut so that the overlap on the chimney wall is 10–12 cm. The waterproofing is glued to the brick using a special material - an elastic metallized tape with an adhesive layer.

Then the inner apron is installed. The design consists of four strips made of galvanized steel. The upper curved edge of each plank is inserted into a groove made along the brick, and not into a masonry seam. At the corners, the planks are joined with an overlap of 15 mm. All connections are treated with heat-resistant sealant. The side strips should have sides that will direct the flow of water downwards. A metal sheet with sides is placed under the bottom strip - a tie, which ensures water drainage to the lower edge of the roof or to the near valley.

To decorate the exhaust chimney through the roof, install an external apron made of galvanized sheet metal. The material can be painted to match the color of the roof. The fastening method is the same as for the internal structure, but you can do without fines by treating the joint with a heat-resistant sealant for external use. The edges of the apron, laid on top of the roofing, are secured with galvanized self-tapping screws.

Round pipes

Unlike brick smoke ducts, it is necessary to organize the exit of a round pipe through the ceiling and roof using special cutting and devices that seal the hole.

Round section have the following types of pipes for a stove, fireplace or boiler:

• asbestos (out of use due to low resistance to overheating and non-environmental friendliness of the material);
• steel coaxial (the inner pipe ensures the removal of flue gases, the outer ring provides air flow into the closed firebox);
• sandwich pipes (between inner tube and a heat insulator is laid in the outer casing);
• single wall metal pipes.

Note! If a steel pipe with one wall is connected to the heating unit, which transfers maximum heat from the exhaust gases to the air in the rooms or to the water jacket for radiator heating, where it passes through the ceilings and roof, as well as above the roof, it is recommended to use a sandwich or make thermal insulation and the pipe casing yourself .

A round pipe should be routed through the roof as follows: after arranging the box in compliance with fire safety distances, a metal sheet is fixed from the attic side, in which a hole for the pipe is first cut. Or a ready-made element is mounted - a metal sheet with a pipe of the required diameter.

The device for venting a round chimney through the roof also requires the use of a roof penetration for reliable waterproofing of the unit from the outside. Manufacturers offer various solutions. When choosing, you should take into account the angle of inclination of the pitched roof and the relief of the roof covering.

Elastic penetrations

To bring the chimney through the roof of a pitched roof, it is convenient to use an elastic penetration, which consists of a flat square or round flange and a cone-shaped stepped collar. The flange is made of elastic material with lead or aluminum. The plasticity of the metal allows the base of the penetration to be tightly adjusted even to a coating that has a complex topography - metal tiles or corrugated sheets.

The metal part of the penetration is made as a single unit with an elastic coupling, thereby ensuring the tightness of the structure. The coupling is made of silicone or weather-resistant EPDM rubber. The marked steps of the cone-shaped coupling allow you to cut off the upper part at the required level so that the elastic element tightly grips a chimney pipe of a certain diameter.

When planning the installation of flexible penetration, you need to decide on the choice of option. This could be a transition:

• For flat roofs and roofs with an angle of inclination up to 25°;
• for pitched roofs with an angle of inclination over 25°;
• universal, for roofs of any type.

In the first two cases, the mobility of the elastic cuff relative to the flange is limited. In the first version, the base is located at a right angle relative to the coupling, in the second - at an inclination of about 20°.

Elastic penetrations can be installed on roofs covered with any material. Products are characterized:

• weather resistance;
• resistance to ultraviolet radiation and aggressive environments;
• flexibility (no need to select an element in exact accordance with the angle of inclination of the slope);
• tight fit to the roof, which ensures reliable sealing of the unit;
• aesthetic appearance and a wide range of colors.

You can install flexible penetration yourself. After the main stage of work is completed - the pipe is brought out through the roof, the gap between the chimney and the duct is filled with non-flammable heat insulator, it is necessary to cut off the upper part of the penetration cone at a mark corresponding to the diameter of the chimney.

The elastic element is pulled tightly onto the pipe, its top edge is turned back, treated with weatherproof sealant and wrapped back. You can also additionally use a clamp to seal the joint.

Flange using wooden hammer is deformed in such a way that the metal part of the canvas adheres to the coating, regardless of its relief. Additionally, the base of the penetration is coated with sealant. The flange must be attached to the roof using self-tapping screws or rivets.

Hard penetrations

The chimney can be removed through the roof using a ready-made penetration made of galvanized sheet steel. Its peculiarity is that the pipe is rigidly fixed relative to the base at a certain angle. Therefore it is important right choice element - it must correspond to the angle of inclination of the slope.

Models of metal penetrations differ in design and installation principle:

1. A one-piece element with a pipe into which the upper part of the chimney pipe is soldered from below, and then the chimney cap is put on top.
2. Detachable penetration - the upper part is put on the pipe, the edge of the pipe is treated with sealant and fixed to the chimney with a clamp.

In both cases the flange is attached to roofing using sealant and self-tapping screws. Since the flange is rigid, metal penetrations allow the pipe to be installed only on roofs with an even surface - with a soft bitumen or seam metal roof.

Having correctly selected the elements for sealing the passage unit and following the work technology, you can independently install a chimney through the roof.