Septic tank made of concrete rings sealed with a polymer sleeve. Do I need to seal sewer rings?

The construction of a well is always accompanied by the protection and strengthening of the walls with waterproof materials. If the design is based on reinforced concrete rings, then they will be reliable, durable and hygienic, because the material does not contribute to the growth of bacteria. The system will protect against seepage of ground and surface water, but only if it is sufficiently protected. Therefore, at the construction stage, the well must be waterproofed from concrete rings.

The need for work

Concrete is not destroyed by moisture. The main feature of this material is that it allows water to pass through well if it has not been waterproofed. Because of this, the properties of the structure will be exposed to moisture when in contact with wet concrete, this includes metal and wood. Rust will grow throughout the reinforcement, deforming it and making it less durable. This causes the destruction of the entire structure.

Waterproofing a well made of concrete rings is necessary to prevent the material from absorbing moisture. Reinforced concrete rings are subject to such protection even at the production stage. Typically suppliers use the following waterproofing methods:

• constructive;
• technological;
• use of waterproof cement.

The first method involves treating products with water-repellent substances after manufacturing. At the production stage, technological waterproofing is used, this should include the technology of compacting concrete that is still in the molds. The material is subjected to centrifugation, vibrocompression and vacuum removal of excess moisture.

Moisture protection can also be ensured by adding various water repellents to concrete. These ingredients begin to work after the concrete hardens, swell and clog pores and microcracks. This provides concrete with the ability to withstand moisture. These measures contribute to the rise in price of reinforced concrete rings, but if you decide to save on rings, then it is important to seal the seams and joints between structural elements. This will provide long-term protection against rot, corrosion, mold and mildew.

Waterproofing materials

Waterproofing a well made of concrete rings may involve the use of one or more materials. They can be classified according to internal and external purposes. The last option involves using a clay castle, but this method cannot be called the only one. Internal insulation is a treatment of the following types of materials:

• injection;
• penetrating;
• coating.

Before waterproofing a well made of concrete rings, it is important to correctly determine the method of protection, which depends on the degree of mineralization groundwater. A private developer does not have the opportunity to choose some technologies, because they involve the use of special equipment.

Waterproofing methods: injection waterproofing

The dimensions of concrete rings are not the only thing that is important to choose for proper operation systems. It is also necessary to provide water protection. Injection materials are the case when you should seek help from specialists. Waterproofing of this kind is expensive, but you won’t have to do it again, because the material is ready to last as long as the entire structure will be used.

Polymer compounds are pumped into the material, plugging cracks and pores. The advantages of this method of moisture protection are:

• possibility of using for insulation of new structures;
• possibility of repairing well waterproofing;
• no need for surface preparation;
• the ability to eliminate gushing and pressure leaks.

However, such waterproofing of a well from groundwater also has some disadvantages, among them the high cost and the need to use high-pressure pumping equipment should be highlighted.

Use of penetrating materials

This technique is an example of a unique principle where the power of water is used to protect against attacks. Water repellent particles crystallize under the influence of water and clog pores. As humidity increases, moisture protection becomes more reliable, because waterproofing hardens much faster. The following types of materials can be used to carry out such work:

• "Remstream-T".
• "Infiltron-100".
• "Penetron".
• "Penecritus."

Solid elastic coating materials

This solution can be used for waterproofing wells, swimming pools and foundations. Application is carried out on prepared substrates, and then the material is left until dry. After this, the waterproofing acquires:

• elasticity;
• high tensile strength;
• resistance to low temperatures.

The most popular solution on the domestic market is the Spanish product Tekmadray Elast, which is a two-component coating. DuPont products have also proven themselves well, as has the Italian Mapei. If you want to save money, you should purchase Russian waterproofing “Rastro”, which will be cheaper than its foreign counterparts. Waterproofing the well seams can be done using a tape sealant such as Rubber Elast.

External well waterproofing technology

When constructing a well, external waterproofing measures are usually taken. If we are talking about the need to protect the old structure, then a fairly large amount of work will have to be carried out. earthworks. For this purpose, roll materials, for example, roofing felt, are usually used. However, penetrating protection can also be used.

The surface should be prepared. The outer walls of the structure open as much as possible. To do this, dig the ground around the well to a depth of 4 m. The base is cleaned of dirt. If you have to work with old design, then you can see some parts of the reinforcement that have become exposed during operation. They should be cleaned and treated with an anti-corrosion compound.

If the waterproofing of a well is being repaired, then the walls must be covered with soil; you can use “Betonkontakt” or a bitumen-rubber composition, which have proven themselves well, as well as cement-sand mortar, to which PVA glue is added. The composition is left to dry, and then bitumen or tar mastic is applied to it. Roofing felt is glued onto its surface, the seams between the sheets should be coated with mastic. When choosing penetrating insulation, you should skip the step of priming the walls. They are moistened and coated with Penetron, leaving them to dry for three days. The surface should be moistened periodically.

Internal waterproofing

Waterproofing the well from the inside should begin after pumping out the water. It is important to ensure that the level does not rise until the work is completed. The internal surfaces are cleaned with a wire brush, it is important to remove dirt, moss and loose concrete. The cracks and joints should be cleaned and deepened, only then can waterproofing measures begin.

If leaks open during this, they can be sealed with Aquafix or analogues of this substance. Megacret-40 repair compound is excellent for cracks. Once the layers have dried, the walls of the well must be moistened and applied using a wide brush. The technology requires compliance with SNiP; waterproofing of a well from concrete rings, according to the rules, is applied as the first layer to the moistened surface. The second coat should be applied without wetting. It will take 24 hours for the materials to harden; during this time it is important to ensure that the water does not rise.

Additional information about waterproofing with bituminous materials

Waterproofing a well made of concrete rings with bitumen mastic is carried out quite often. This technology is most suitable for outdoor protection. The surface is prepared, cleaned and coated with a primer that will be able to provide a good degree of adhesion. For sewerage and technological structures, you can use a composition of three parts gasoline and part bitumen. In order to achieve high quality waterproofing, the seams should additionally be taped with bentonite rubber tape. Instead, CeresitCL 152 tape is sometimes used.

After drying, you can begin repairing the rings, repairing chips, cracks and potholes. For this you should use cement mortar. After this, the surface is primed again, coated with tar mastic, because bitumen can crack, after which you can begin gluing the roll waterproofing in 3 layers. It is recommended to treat all seams and joints with mastic and fill them with soil. Around concrete well After the soil subsides, it is better to make a blind area.

Conclusion

Before starting sewer installation work, you should familiarize yourself with the dimensions of the concrete rings. For example, the diameter depends on the type of structure and can vary from 70 to 200 cm. As for the height, on average it is 50 cm. But the parameters of the rings are not the only thing that should be taken into account before installing a well. It is also important to comply with SNiP 3.05.04-85, which contains recommendations for waterproofing.

Wells made of reinforced concrete rings require insulation after their construction. Waterproofing a septic tank made of concrete rings is conventionally divided into insulating the bottom and the rings themselves and sealing the seams between them. Let's consider the need for such a process, as well as the types of insulating materials.

Reasons for waterproofing concrete rings

The main reasons why such ring wells require mandatory waterproofing are:

1. Water, especially the aggressive environment of septic tanks, leads to leaching (destruction) of concrete;
2. Corrosion of unprotected reinforcement frame;
3. It is possible that the well will overflow with rising groundwater. In addition to overflowing the well, they also lead to the destruction of concrete structures;
4. Seepage of fecal fluid from inside a well into the soil. This causes it to become infected. An unpleasant odor appears in the area around it.

For these reasons, it is more profitable to seal the structure than to periodically carry out major repairs.

Septic tanks

Most often, septic tanks (overflow wells) have such a concrete structure. They consist of 2-3 tanks connected to each other by overflow pipes. Septic tanks are designed to collect sewage from a private home. Insoluble impurities of such wastewater settle at the bottom of the first reservoirs. The water, cleared of impurities, is poured by gravity through a pipe with an inclination into the next tank. In this case, the solid and liquid phases of the wastewater are separated. The last, filtering, tank has no bottom.

Displacement of the well rings can cause destruction of the insulation between them. The upper ring is subject to the greatest damage due to soil freezing. Therefore, when installing each one, it is necessary to provide for its fastening with neighboring ones: brackets, rings with locks, etc.

If displacement cannot be completely prevented, it is worth paying attention to those types of insulation that are not afraid of such movement.

Methods for waterproofing wells at the installation stage

1. Tongue-and-ridge rings. When constructing septic tanks, it is advisable to use tongue-and-groove rings. Specially designed gaskets and seals can be placed between them. The seams can also be treated with liquid glass.
2. Clay castle. One of effective methods The sealing of such tanks is the implementation of a clay castle. To do this, the outer side of the structure is covered with clay without sand impurities and compacted layer by layer. Thanks to this waterproof layer, groundwater does not destroy the concrete and does not seep into the tank. Waterproofing rings with a clay lock in combination with other insulation methods is especially effective.
3. Plastering. Using a pressure gun, several layers of non-shrinking cement are applied to the walls of the well. Each subsequent layer is applied only after the previous one has completely dried (from 3 to 12 hours). When the layer dries, it is periodically moistened. Main disadvantage This method is labor intensive.
4. Plastic insert. A plastic sealed insert (wall thickness 8-25 mm) with stiffeners and a hatch is mounted in the well. The space between the concrete rings and the insert is filled with concrete or cement mixture. This significantly increases the service life of the septic tank.

Types of sealing

There are other methods of sealing such structures. For example, injection and polymer sealing. However, due to the complexity of implementation and high cost, they have not found widespread use.

Methods for waterproofing wells after their installation :

1. Concrete, cement insulation. Sealing of joints can be done with concrete mixtures containing glass. Cement is also used in combination with liquid nails.
2. Penetrating waterproofing. It is considered one of the most effective. If you apply such a composition from the inside and outside of the ring or the bottom of the well, the solution will saturate the concrete to its entire thickness. Crystallizing, it will fill existing voids and cracks. This increases the service life of the well and prevents its destruction. The same type of insulation exists for seams. But applying it to the outside of the mounted structure requires an increased diameter of the well pit. The disadvantages of this processing method include the relative high cost and labor intensity.
3. Bitumen insulation. This is a classic, inexpensive type of insulation for a concrete ring and the seams between them. But in its pure form, bitumen is susceptible to cracking and is unstable to low temperatures. Therefore, manufacturers of such mastics use additives that increase their frost resistance and adhesion (adhesion to the surface). This mastic is applied to concrete using a cold method. If necessary, it is diluted with diesel fuel. The advantages of this method: low cost and ease of implementation.

Attention: it is prohibited to perform bitumen waterproofing in wells with drinking water.

1. Polymer cement mixtures. Waterproofing a septic tank made of concrete rings with polymer-cement mixtures (for example, cement-coating) is cheaper than using bitumen materials. They also have a longer service life. This septic tank waterproofing is applied with a brush to the rings in two layers using the “wet on wet” method, i.e. Applying a second layer does not require the first to dry.

Popular brands of waterproofing include: Penetron, Penekrit, Lakhta, Hydrotex, Bastion RB 1, Tekmadray, Gidrostop, Aquastop. Insulation work is carried out in accordance with the instructions attached to it.

The prevailing opinion about the unnecessaryness of waterproofing concrete septic tanks can be easily refuted next spring. Therefore, you should not rely on chance. Carry out the insulation work correctly, and you will not have to redo the well in the near future.

Waterproofing a well is one of the most complex species waterproofing works. Without high-quality waterproofing of concrete rings, structures made from them are of little use as a source of drinking water. The special requirements for septic tanks and drinking wells allow the use of only a limited range of materials that do not pose a danger to humans and the environment. This article discusses the waterproofing of a well made of concrete rings.

A well is an indispensable attribute of a suburban, rural, or summer cottage. There are three types of wells according to their purpose:

• 1. Wells for drinking water. Over time, the walls of the well gradually lose their waterproofing properties and particles of soil and clay, products of agricultural and other activities, ground salts and much more get into clean water. This is why wells of this type require very high-quality external waterproofing.
• 2. Sewer well or septic tank. In this case, the hydraulic protection should work differently - to prevent contamination of the soil surrounding the well.
• 3. Technological (dry) well for servicing the water supply and sanitation system. We can say that these are a kind of technical rooms in which various systems, for example, water supply, are located. There should be no moisture in such wells and there should be high-quality waterproofing both inside and outside.

Each of the three types of wells must have completely sealed walls so that the external moisture of their upper soil layers does not get inside, or vice versa - contaminated water does not leak from the septic tank into the ground. To do this, it is imperative to carry out such measures as waterproofing the well, especially if it is built of concrete rings. The fact is that, depending on the number of rings, there will be the same number of circular seams in the well through which water exchange will occur.

Figure No. 1. Drinking well

If these requirements are not met, the consequences can be very unpleasant - from poisoning with poor-quality water to contamination of water-bearing levels, surrounding water bodies, or failure of water supply equipment.

Waterproofing for a drinking well excludes the most effective materials, for example, bitumen-polymer mastics, as they give the water an unpleasant taste and are potentially hazardous to health.

If you plan to place both a septic tank and a drinking well on your site, then keep in mind that the distance from the well to the septic tank must be at least 15 meters. The most important thing is that the septic tank is located below the well according to the terrain.

Reasons for possible leaks in concrete wells

Water can penetrate into the well or from the inside out not only through the joints between the rings. Also problematic is the place where the pipe enters, leaks through poorly executed bottom waterproofing, or cracks that arise, which can be caused by improper installation, poor-quality concrete, or temperature changes in winter time. Another one common reason Leaking concrete sewer wells is a constant aggressive environment, due to which the concrete gradually collapses and moisture seeps out.

Therefore, waterproofing the well must be done both from the inside of the walls and from the outside.

Figure No. 2. Waterproofing a well made of concrete rings

External waterproofing of a well

Sealing the walls of wells from the outside is done the same for all types. External waterproofing of the well is carried out to the upper edge of the well.

Preparation work can be carried out at an air temperature of at least + 5 degrees.

It is most convenient to install waterproofing of a well from the outside during the construction stage. Otherwise, you will have to carry out a significant amount of excavation work and completely open the walls of the well.

Figure No. 3. External waterproofing of seams of concrete well rings

Surface preparation

It may also be necessary to dig a well when performing repair work. The depth of soil removal should be at least 3-4 meters.

An existing well must first be drained. Draining the walls of the well is carried out until the dark spots on the concrete disappear. In rainy weather, the well must be protected from precipitation.

Loose concrete should be removed using a chipper. The outer surface is thoroughly cleaned: dirt, overgrown moss, salt deposits, etc. are removed. If metal parts are exposed when cleaning the surface, they must be carefully treated - remove rust and cover with an anti-corrosion solution.

Around places where there are seams and cracks, at a distance of up to 2 cm, it is necessary to make a recess in the concrete to a depth of about 2.5 cm. This will increase the area of ​​​​contact of the concrete surface with the sealant.

Figure No. 4. External waterproofing of the well with bitumen mastic

Waterproofing with bituminous materials

For external waterproofing of a well, roll bitumen materials and bitumen mastics are most often used.

1. 1. The initially prepared surface is coated with a primer to ensure good adhesion. For wells with drinking water it is necessary to use a ready-made safe composition (for example, primer composition type "Betokontakt"). For technological and sewerage structures, you can use a composition of 1 part bitumen and 3 parts gasoline.
2. 2. If you want to make very high-quality waterproofing, then additionally the seams can be taped with a special bentonite-rubber tape or CeresitCL 152 tape.
3. 3. After the primer has dried, repairs to the concrete rings begin: cracks, chips and potholes are repaired - the surface should be as smooth as possible. To fill the voids of damaged concrete rings, a cement mortar or a cement-sand composition with the addition of PVA glue in a ratio of 5 to 1 is useful.
4. 4. After the cement has dried, the surface is primed again.
5. 5. The next step will be the actual installation of waterproofing. To do this, the walls of the well are coated with tar mastic, since bitumen tends to crack.
6. 6. Then roll waterproofing is glued in 3 layers, no less.
7. 7. Next, all seams and joints of the insulating material are treated with mastic and the soil around is filled up. After its subsidence, a blind area must be made around the concrete well.

This work must be done with protection respiratory tract, and then ventilate the well well.

Figure No. 5. Waterproofing "Penetron"

Application of penetrating waterproofing

An alternative to bituminous materials is deep penetration waterproofing. This could be Penetron or the cheaper composition Elakor-PU Grunt-2K/50. In this case, there is no need for priming. In this case, the walls must be well moistened and the composition applied. After completing the application of deep penetration waterproofing, it is necessary to coat the entire surface again with waterproofing material and leave for 3 days, periodically moistening it according to the instructions.

When using penetrating waterproofing, it is very important to strictly follow the manufacturer's instructions. Different waterproofing compounds have their own characteristics and are applied in different ways.

Figure No. 6. Construction of a clay castle around a well

Construction of a clay castle

Waterproofing a well is a complex undertaking, so it would also be a good idea to build a so-called clay castle around the well. Its essence is that clay is laid along the perimeter of the external concrete walls. The purpose of the clay castle is to protect the well shaft from the penetration of surface and waste water.

A clay castle is not needed if there is stone, sand, or peat after the fertile soil layer. In this case, only rainwater and melt water, which in turn prevents surface water from entering directly into the storage part of the well.

Figure No. 7. Preparing clay for a clay castle

The clay castle is made to a level just above ground level. You can lay tiles or crushed stone on top around the well.

Video No. 1. Construction of a clay castle

Work on arranging a clay castle should be carried out in dry, warm weather. In this case, the soil most often used is the one that remained during construction. The clay must be selected very carefully: there should be no stones or sand.

Initially, the top fertile layer of no more than 1-2 m around the well is removed. Tamping is carried out in several successive stages. Each stage consists of creating a thin clay layer with a slight slope in relation to the walls of the well. The clay is wetted and firmly compacted into a small ball that fits in the palm of your hand. So, ball by ball, the clay is laid along the walls and pressed firmly. Such clay does not allow water to approach the walls, but forces it to flow to the sides. In order for the clay to be laid with maximum effect, the thickness of each layer should be maintained at 12-15 cm. The initial layers of clay must be compacted very well. The dimensions of the clay castle should be in the range of 2 to 3 meters from the walls of the well.

Figure No. 8. Arrangement of a concrete blind area around the well

Concrete blind area

If you rush to concrete the area around the well without waiting for the soil to shrink, then in 2-3 years the water in the well will be cloudy during floods and after each rain. Your well will turn into a drainage well. If the clay lock of a well is broken, then in a few years it will be simply dangerous to drink from such a well.

Internal waterproofing of a well

Internal insulation is carried out after the construction of the well and the installation of the bottom. If you need to seal an old well from the inside, then the water must be pumped out and the concrete walls must be thoroughly dried, since most insulation materials must be applied to dry surfaces.

The work can be performed using the following waterproofing compounds:

• - special cement putty;
• - molten bitumen or bitumen-gasoline composition;
• - cement-polymer mixture;
• - bitumen-polymer composition;
• - polymer waterproofing.

The first two methods are the cheapest, but they can only be used for concrete sewer wells. Compositions containing bitumen should never come into contact with drinking water.

If, during the preparation of walls for insulation from the inside, leaks of external water are observed, use the so-called hydraulic plug - an instant-hardening cement composition AQUAFIX or "Peneplug". This will allow you to perform all the necessary operations to waterproof the well efficiently.

AQUAFIX is a quick-setting hydraulic solution for instantly stopping water leaks, which has a flow rate of about 1.6 kg/l.

Figure No. 9. AQUAFIX hydraulic plug

“Peneplag” is a dry construction mixture that consists of special cement, quartz sand of a certain granulometry and patented active chemical additives. "Peneplug" is used to instantly eliminate pressure leaks in structures made of concrete, brick, natural stone and has a consumption of about 1.9 kg/l.

Technology of work execution

Preparatory work is generally similar to work for external waterproofing of a well: the well must be drained and kept dry throughout the entire period of repair work, the surface must be cleaned and prepared.

Joints, crevices and cracks must be carefully gouged to a shallow depth of 20-25 mm and thoroughly cleaned with a hard-bristled metal brush.

Figure No. 10. Coating waterproofing AQUAMAT-ELASTIC

All potholes must be repaired using a cement-polymer mixture and wait until the solution has completely dried, and then proceed to the final stage of work. Finally, it is necessary to cover the surface of the well with coating waterproofing in two layers. Follow the recommendations in the instructions for the material. Our experts recommend using the special composition AQUAMAT-ELASTIC from ISOMAT.

Review of materials

Cement mixture– there are ready-made dry mixtures on sale, which only need to be diluted with water according to the instructions and applied in several passes to form a layer of about 0.7 cm. The composition must dry for several days, so the surface must be moistened several times a day, and the well itself must be closed lid. The service life of such insulation does not exceed 15 years. For example, such mixtures are produced by the manufacturing company LITOKOL.

Bitumen-gasoline painting– the composition is prepared with their components in equal quantities. It must be applied in three layers with a break of 12 hours. Follow safety regulations. This option, like bitumen-polymer mixtures, is acceptable for use only in sewer wells. The service life is short - 5-10 years. Fused roll insulation can serve up to 30 years.

Cement-polymer mixtures- This is the most affordable of modern effective waterproofing materials. The best system today is the ISOMAT system. It includes the already mentioned AQUAFIX hydraulic plug, a modified repair composition MEGACRET-40 for sealing cracks and puttying joints and a finishing two-component elastic mixture of cement and polymer materials, which must be applied by coating in a layer of up to 0.3 cm. This composition is completely inert, environmentally friendly, and does not affect the quality of water in any way.

Figure No. 11. Repair composition MEGACRET-40 for sealing cracks and puttying joints

The same high-quality result can be obtained using inexpensive non-shrink coating Penecrit or Penetron Admix. It is applied in 3 layers with a spatula. The service life of cement-polymer waterproofing is about 40-50 years.

A more expensive option is the two-component composition CeresitCR 166, which has increased elasticity. It should be applied in two layers, with a reinforcing fiberglass mesh placed on the first layer before it hardens. The service life of this waterproofing exceeds 60 years.

Polymer waterproofing mixtures- This is the most expensive, but also the most effective method, since the polymer membranes that are installed on special mastics are very elastic. If your well is unstable, deformations and new cracks may appear, then you should not save money, but purchase polymer waterproofing. The most attractive price/quality ratio is for domestic products of the TechnoNIKOL brand. In this case, you will not be bothered by leaks in the well for at least 40 years.

Features of waterproofing a septic tank and a technological well

The design of a multi-chamber waste septic tank requires the presence of several successive wells. So, the last of them does not need to be waterproofed, because the essence of filtration is to ensure that the water goes into the ground as much as possible. Since it is an excellent biofilter, a small amount of wastewater will not cause harm. But, anyway, you should first consult with the environmental service - they may have their own restrictions.

But what the septic tank must be very carefully protected from is the ingress of rain and melt water. Therefore, it is necessary to very carefully seal all joints between elements.

Since the well is for Maintenance must be completely dry, then insulation must be performed both externally and internally.

Video No. 3. Waterproofing a well from the inside

Waterproofing of ring joints

For the construction of wells, rings with locks are usually used. A lock is a groove on the top and bottom of a ring. When the rings are lowered into the well, they stand on top of each other, which is called “groove in groove”, a kind of “lock” is obtained, thanks to which it is easier to align the shaft vertically, and it is more difficult for the rings to move to the side. The advantage of rings with a lock is that a strong and tight connection of the rings is ensured and there is no need to additionally seal the joints between the rings. However, it would not be a bad idea to cover the joint with cement mortar.

Figure No. 12. Waterproofing joints of concrete rings

Work should begin with insulating the bottom, then installing the ridge plate and the first ring. A special plate with a ridge is installed at the bottom of the well, which is needed for proper centering of the first ring.

Waterproofing of the joints of concrete well rings is carried out inside and outside. Between the rings (as well as between the first ring and the bottom), it is necessary to install a spacer cord (“Gidroizol M” or bentonite-rubber “Barrier”).

Inside, the joints can be waterproofed using the same coating waterproofing AQUAMAT-ELASTIC from the ISOMAT company, and outside using coating waterproofing on a bitumen or rubber basis, as well as roll waterproofing, for example, the most common roofing material will do.

Video No. 4. Rules for constructing a well

Conclusion

After reading this article, you can draw an obvious conclusion - waterproofing a well is not a simple matter, which is best left to a competent and reliable specialist, rather than done with your own hands.

Without high-quality waterproofing of concrete rings, structures made from them are of little use as a source of drinking water. Only the organization of a protective layer will help prevent organic matter and sand from getting into the well, as well as significantly extend the service life and prevent the destruction of the internal reinforcement of the reinforced concrete structure.

Underground concrete structures need protection from the aggressive environment in which they will operate. Local wastewater treatment plants– is no exception, and is also aggravated by the possibility of harming the environment in the event of a leak. Agree, such a catastrophe, albeit of local significance, must be prevented.

Properly executed waterproofing of a septic tank made of concrete rings will prevent the occurrence of corrosion of the structure. Eliminates the possibility of direct communication of the contents with the surrounding soil. The water-repellent material will protect concrete and compounds used to treat joints from erosion.

The article introduces the types of waterproofing used to increase the stability of concrete. We described in detail the protection technology and assessed the effectiveness of the options. Photo collections and video instructions will help you get comfortable with the topic faster.

In concrete, under the influence of moisture, leaching of lime is observed, which manifests itself by the appearance of rings of stalactites and growths on the surface. The material is destroyed by magnesium salts contained in groundwater.

By reacting with lime, they create a compound that is highly soluble in water - calcium sulfoaluminate, which water washes out of the concrete body, destroying it.

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Sprayable water barrier

This type of insulation allows you to create a monolithic, seamless layer. Water-repellent emulsions are sprayed onto the surface of concrete rings under high pressure. The composition penetrates into splits, cracks, pores and completely fills them, blocking drains in a confined space.

The spraying composition contains a polymer composite, water and fillers such as talc, calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, barium sulfate.

The use of waterproofing applied by spraying provides many advantages:

1. Speed ​​of execution.
2. Excellent adhesion to concrete surfaces.
3. Fast hardening.
4. Durability. It can be used for up to 20 years without loss of initial efficiency.
5. Resistant to rapid temperature changes.

Sprayed waterproofing significantly improves the performance characteristics of the septic tank, thereby preventing the penetration of wastewater into the soil surrounding the structure.

To spray waterproofing you will need special equipment. This is an expensive method, but very effective.

This type of waterproofing provides adhesion to the surface of concrete rings at the molecular level. It can be applied over the old layer by spraying. The main thing is to remove excess moisture from the surface before doing this.

Coating compositions for protecting septic tanks

Compared to other waterproofing technologies, the advantage of using coating materials is that they can be applied to surfaces with any geometry. No special devices or mechanisms are required.

Classification of water-repellent materials

There are 4 groups of coating compositions, differing in the basis for which they are used:

• bitumen;
• cement;
• polymers.

The 4th group includes mastics containing sealants. Regardless of the base, coating waterproofing fills the slightest cracks, eliminates defects and makes the surface monolithic.

Some brands of bitumen-polymer mastics contain volatile toxic compounds. Sometimes they cause problems nervous system, lead to poisoning, therefore, you need to work only using protective equipment - a respirator, gloves, special overalls.

Bitumen-based coating waterproofing is very popular, but is not very durable

If The groundwater are located at great depths, they strengthen the insulation of the lower ring of the septic tank. If they lie high, then the sealing of the top of the structure must be strengthened.

Bitumen-polymer mastic contains polymer additives and latex, due to the presence of which the characteristics of the material change depending on the better side. When applied to the surface, an elastic, very durable layer is created that retains its qualities during low temperatures. But for the bitumen-polymer composition to work, it must be applied in several layers.

The mastic is relatively inexpensive, you can apply it yourself, and if leaks appear somewhere, the layer can be easily restored.

The presence of polymers in the mastic makes it very effective. The low popularity of mastics of this type is explained by the high cost

In addition, compared to other waterproofing technologies, the advantage of using coating materials is that they can be applied to surfaces of any geometry.

No special devices or mechanisms are required. There are mastics with a bitumen base and with additives in the form of polymers for cold and hot application.

Mastic for application using the hot method is first heated to 160 degrees C so that the bitumen goes into a plastic state. Afterwards they cover the surface of the concrete rings. Cold compositions are diluted with a solvent, which evaporates after the insulating layer hardens.

There are one- and two-component mastics. Bitumen and polymer are necessarily present in their composition, and additives that provide individual properties vary. Depending on the second component, the compositions are called: bitumen-latex, bitumen-rubber, bitumen-oil, bitumen-polyurethane.

Polyurethane and rubber make the material particularly elastic. The coating stretches well without forming cracks. The mixture with rubber is applied cold. It has antiseptic properties and high heat resistance.

Rubber mastic resists the influence of aggressive environments well and withstands hydraulic pressure

The surface coated with a mixture of oil ingredients does not harden. It is sticky, resists well the aggressive influence of groundwater and soil, does not crack, and withstands both frosts down to -50 degrees C and high temperatures.

Rules for applying coating protection

Waterproofing is applied after sealing the inter-ring seams and places where the pipes enter the septic tank.

The process itself consists of 5 successive stages:

1. Cleaning the surface from dirt, identifying defects, cracks and eliminating them using sealants or putty.
2. Application of bitumen primer as a primer. It is first prepared following the manufacturer's instructions, then the surface is covered with a construction brush. You can make a bitumen primer with your own hands, for which you take gasoline or waste machine oil, heat it and add crushed pure construction bitumen. While stirring, the mixture continues to be heated to 200 degrees C, after which the primer is ready for use. Apply the first layer, and after it dries - the second.
3. Leave everything for 24 hours. During this time, the primer will dry completely and its fine particles will penetrate deep into the concrete.
4. Apply the mastic with a construction brush, after thoroughly mixing the composition. If the mixture is too thick, it can be diluted with any organic solvent. After completing the first layer, allow time for it to dry and repeat the procedure.
5. Check the quality of the applied layer after it has dried. If flaws are found, treat the surface again and leave for 2-3 days to dry.

Bitumen mastic is much cheaper than bitumen materials with polymer additives. It adheres well to, has good water-repellent characteristics, and is resistant to chemicals.

Bitumen mastic does not tolerate well subzero temperatures, the coating becomes brittle and becomes covered with microcracks. Such waterproofing will be enough for 5 years, maximum 7.

Liquid bitumen has elasticity and good adhesion to the concrete surface. This keeps the layer from tearing and cracking. There is only one drawback - short service life

Some brands of bitumen-polymer mastics contain volatile toxic compounds. Sometimes they provoke disorders of the nervous system and lead to poisoning, therefore, you need to work only using protective equipment - a respirator, gloves, special overalls.

Construction of a clay castle

A good result is obtained by treating the rings with bitumen mastic and then installing a clay castle. This means that the space between the concrete rings and the soil is filled with clay without any impurities. It is needed so that after the snow melts or heavy rain water did not enter the septic tank.

The clay castle prevents the concrete walls of the septic structure from being exposed to flood waters, melted snow and rainfall.

It is recommended to do it not immediately, but after the soil has settled and compacted. A castle made earlier will be destroyed when the ground subsides. The clay is poured in small layers and compacted thoroughly each time. The material must adhere to the entire surface. The slightest voids are not allowed, otherwise the work done will not produce results.

Roll waterproofing of septic tank surface

This type of material is used to waterproof the outer surface of reinforced concrete rings. First, to improve adhesion, the surface of the rings is primed using compounds such as “Betokontakt”.

When the layer dries, visible defects on the walls of the septic tank are eliminated by filling the depressions and cavities with a solution including cement, sand and PVA glue. The seams are sealed between the rings. When the repair patches dry, they are primed.

Rolled waterproofing should be installed after all defects on the surface of the concrete rings have been eliminated

To secure the rolled material to the surface of the rings, the walls are coated with tar or bitumen mastic, and then waterproofing is glued. One layer is not enough; it is practiced to make 3-4 layers. At the end, take the mastic and apply it to the seams between the strips.

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Structures made of rings made of reinforced concrete have become especially popular in the construction of various wells (inspection, receiving, drainage), septic tanks for wastewater treatment and wells for storing water supplies. This is due to their relative cheapness, ease of installation, durability and high performance strength and frost resistance. But despite all the advantages, for safe operation concrete rings, it is necessary to waterproof them, since all concrete structures, buried in the ground, need reliable protection from moisture and other aggressive environmental factors. So, for example, with drinking water it will be able to protect the water from harmful substances that penetrate along with groundwater and, on the contrary, waterproofing sewer wells will protect the soil from sewage.

Penetron waterproofing material system for concrete rings

An excellent means that offers a comprehensive solution to the problem of waterproofing concrete rings is the PENETRON system of waterproofing materials. The system consists of the following components:

Penetrating waterproofing material "Penetron".

This material, which has unique properties, ensures complete waterproofness of concrete, penetrating into its body to its full depth.

During the processing of concrete, the pores, capillaries and microcracks located in the concrete mass and facilitating the penetration of groundwater into the well occur with insoluble crystalline hydrates, which prevent water filtration.

The formation of crystals inside the walls of concrete rings does not depend on which side the Penetron material was applied to. This greatly simplifies the process of installing waterproofing as it can be done in any convenient way from the outside or inside of the concrete ring.

Non-shrink suture waterproofing material "Penecrete".

Waterproofing of joints of reinforced concrete rings occurs due to the creation of a monolithic connection using the Penecrit material, which represents a single structure.

The side on which this material will be applied also does not matter. “ ” will provide reliable waterproofing of the joints of the rings when applied from any side of the concrete well.

An integrated approach to solving the issue of waterproofing a concrete well made of rings using all components of the Penetron system allows you to create a reliable and durable structure, both during its installation and during its operation.

The combined use of materials “Penetron” and “Penecrite” that are excellent for their intended purpose, having different properties, allows you to create a reliable system that resists water filtration and ensure 100% waterproofness of the well.

Benefits from using the Penetron system for waterproofing wells made of reinforced concrete rings

In addition to those described above technical advantages The most important aspect of using PENETRON system materials is the economic benefit from its use.

A two-layer application of the penetrating material “Penetron” will require a consumption not exceeding 1 kg per 1 sq.m. surface of the concrete ring. Consequently, the cost of waterproofing concrete rings “by material” does not exceed the price of the Penetron material per 1 kg – 290 rubles.

Waterproofing made using “traditional” roll materials based on bitumen will require their installation in 2-3 layers with the need to apply a primer layer of bitumen mastic. Consequently, the cost of materials will require 3-4 times large funds, than the price of 1 sq.m of rolled material, and even more so of 1 kg of Penetron material.

Based on the above, we can conclude that the use of PENETRON system materials for waterproofing wells made of concrete rings is not only technically justified, but also economically profitable!

The use of concrete rings for constructing wells for various purposes is a classic method that has been used for decades. It is built on the fact that separate concrete rings are installed on top of each other in a shaft dug in advance. The result is a fairly strong hydraulic structure, the only weak point of which is the joint sections between the rings. Waterproofing of a well made of concrete rings is carried out separately, using special materials and technologies. If this procedure is not followed, the concrete shaft will gradually collapse. If we are talking about a drinking well, then the quality of the water will be low due to dirt penetrating from outside.

Unclosed cracks in the well and dirt getting into them will significantly reduce the quality of drinking water Source yamoburoff.ru

The purpose of waterproofing wells

Most often, wells made of concrete rings can be found in suburban construction, where there are no centralized water supply or sewerage lines.

The purpose of the wells may vary:

Drinking. During their operation, there is a gradual loss of tightness of the well shaft. As a result, initially pure water begins to become polluted with particles of earth, clay, mineral salts, and external drains. All this is carried inside the structure through groundwater and rainwater. To avoid such situations, drinking wells must be equipped with reliable external waterproofing.

Sewer (septic tanks). Designed for collecting and storing waste products from home and personal plot. Therefore, the task of waterproofing measures in this case is to prevent the spread of harmful effluents beyond the boundaries of the hydraulic structure.

Inspection (technical). Facilitate the maintenance of water pipes, sewers, etc. In a mine of this type they place various equipment (shut-off valves, pumps, pressure gauges). For these devices to work efficiently, the inspection well must be completely dry.

High-quality waterproofing of the seams of a well made of concrete rings will be required in each of the above cases. This will create protection on the path of water movement from the upper soil layer, and in the case of septic tanks, it will protect the surrounding soil from contamination by toxic wastewater.

Methods for increasing the moisture resistance of concrete rings

The following methods of waterproofing concrete wells exist:

Constructive. Treatment of concrete rings using hydrophobic impregnations directly at the factory, after the products have hardened.

Technological. The use of special techniques for compacting concrete poured into molds is envisaged. We are talking about centrifugation, vibrocompression and moisture removal using the vacuum method.

Increasing the water resistance of cement. The resistance of concrete rings to moisture can be increased by introducing special water repellents into the solution. The specificity of the action of these substances lies in their swelling and clogging of pores and microcracks as the concrete hardens.

The use of these methods increases the cost of reinforced concrete rings. A cheaper option is to seal the walls and joint areas between separate elements well shaft.

Sometimes it’s easier and cheaper to simply cover up the internal joints, but no one can guarantee how effective and durable this will be. Source domvpavlino.ru

On our website you can find contacts construction companies who offer design and installation services for water supply and sewerage. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.

Waterproofing works

Waterproofing a well made of concrete rings, if it is already ready, can be carried out from the inside or outside. To achieve an enhanced protective effect, it is recommended to use two methods at once.

External waterproofing

The main purpose of this procedure is to eliminate the impact of groundwater on the outer walls of the well. It is most convenient to implement it at the stage of laying the rings, otherwise you will have to dig out the finished trunk manually. Sewer and inspection wells it is necessary to expose completely, and drinking water - 50 cm from the water level mark. The air temperature during work should not be below +5 degrees.

Waterproofing a well made of concrete rings from the outside is carried out in the following sequence:

Preparing the base. To ensure that waterproofing materials adhere well, they are applied to a dry base. This means that the existing well will have to be drained first. Next, a careful inspection of the outer walls is carried out: they must be cleaned of dirt, salt accumulations and loose concrete. All protruding parts of the metal reinforcement of the rings are treated with an anti-corrosion compound. The joints must be widened and deepened for further installation of sealant. This also applies to detected cracks with a length of 20 mm or more.

Primer. Cleaned and dried outer walls are impregnated with primer. The brand of composition used depends on the type of well. Drinking facilities are treated with safe ready-made impregnations. A bitumen-gasoline solution is suitable for inspection and sewer shafts. The priming of the seams is carried out more carefully: they are pre-glued with a special tape sealant. Thanks to this, additional tightness of the joints is achieved.

Alignment outer surface rings. To seal cracks, differences and chips, repair sand is used. cement mixture, reinforced with PVA glue.

Laying waterproofing. The most popular material for external protection is bitumen rolls. In this case, tar mastic acts as an adhesive: the surface treated with it is tightly wrapped several times with strips of waterproofing. The joints between individual sections of the winding are additionally treated with mastic.

Sealing external seams. For these purposes, special penetrating compounds are often used, before applying which the primer does not need to be used (it is replaced with plain water).

Completing the procedure. After waiting for the finished walls of the well to dry, they are covered with earth. A clay castle and a concrete blind area are used as recommended protection against precipitation.

Internal waterproofing

The process of waterproofing a well from groundwater from the inside is in many ways similar to exterior finishing. In the case of a working well, preliminary pumping of water and drying of concrete walls will also be required. Next, contaminants and unstable areas are searched for and removed. All detected chips, cracks and depressions are embroidered and repaired. The seams between the rings deserve special attention: they must be deepened, completely removing the old mortar. When the leveled areas and joints are dry, the inner surface is completely covered with waterproofing material. Reliable protection from moisture is achieved by laying the mixture in two layers.

Interior finishing of wells is permitted using the following materials:

Cement putties.

Molten bitumen.

Cement-polymer mortar.

Polymer compositions.

The first and second methods are the most inexpensive, but they can only be used for waterproofing sewer wells. Drinking hydraulic structures are usually treated with polymer compounds.

Sealing seams

Separate mention should be made of the waterproofing of the joint sections of a concrete well. Modern well shafts are mainly constructed from rings with locks (the so-called tongue-and-groove connection). This significantly simplifies the vertical alignment of the barrel, since the rings are no longer able to move to the sides. In addition, the joint areas receive proper strength and tightness even without additional waterproofing.

Video description

For a clear overview of the repair and waterproofing of wells made of reinforced concrete rings, watch the video:

To achieve long-lasting protection of seams from moisture, do the following:

Perform alignment. The cause of leakage at the joints may be misalignment of the rings. To avoid this, a ridge plate is placed at the bottom of the well to ensure centering of the prefabricated shaft.

Lay connecting sections between individual rings laying cord. The sealants “Gidroizol M” and “Barrier” have proven themselves well in this regard.

Carry out internal and external seam coating. For interior work recommended to use special compounds, type AQUAMAT-ELASTIC (manufacturer – ISOMAT company). From the outside, joints may be sealed with coating materials based on bitumen and rubber.

Wells that are completely waterproofed on the outside will last longer. Source beton-house.com

Results

The durability and quality of functioning of prefabricated wells made of concrete rings directly depends on high-quality waterproofing. This procedure is recommended to be carried out along the way construction work, as well as in cases where depressurization of the mine occurred during operation. In any case, this should be done by professionals who have the skills to work at heights.

Any well built in the ground requires the exclusion of unauthorized entry of debris and dirty water formed by atmospheric precipitation. A common design of vertical structures for communications is wells with walls reinforced with concrete rings.

From the right choice material for waterproofing wells, strict adherence to work technology depends on the purity of drinking water and trouble-free operation of sewer systems.

A well made of concrete rings requires waterproofing to ensure clean water.

The need for waterproofing

The underground structure is exposed to many negative factors. Mistakes made when arranging waterproofing of concrete wells appear immediately or after 4-5 years of its operation.

If signs of depressurization of joints are detected, postponing repair work is not recommended for the following reasons:

1. Freezing of water-logged soil occurs annually with the arrival of winter. The ice that forms in this case breaks the concrete, expanding the cracks further and further until the rings are completely destroyed.
2. Quality of drinking water. If water contaminated with sand, clay, chemical and organic substances, the analysis indicators deteriorate sharply. The liquid becomes cloudy and the water source dies.
3. Overflow sewer well. Groundwater penetrates into liquid sewage through leaky joints, and the container quickly loses its receiving volume. If you do not carry out daily pumping, the soil will be polluted by overflowing wastewater.
4. Washing out the insulating composition. A small stream of liquid, if no measures are taken to eliminate it, quickly develops into a powerful stream that can expand a small hole and render the well unusable.

Land subsidence as a result of groundwater activity leads to the destruction of the joints of the circular support. The time when repairs need to be carried out is determined by the appearance of cracks from which water oozes. To avoid losing the well, you need to quickly take measures to seal the seams and gullies.

Types of waterproofing wells

Requirements for external networks and sewerage structures are set out in the code building regulations SP 32.13330.2012: updated SNiP 2.04.03-85. Waterproofing of wells is provided from the inside, outside and at the ring connections. To ensure the tightness of the excavation fastening, reinforced concrete elements should be selected of high quality.

Installation of the underground structure is accompanied by waterproofing works of the following types:

• adhesive sealing along the bottom of the structure;
• filling cracks and joints with sealants;
• installation of a polymer liner inside the mine shaft;
• the use of bitumen mastic and roll insulation to protect the outer walls;
• plastering - possible on any side of the structure;
• the use of modern sealants to seal leaks from inside the well.

The choice of waterproofing method is carried out at the design stage of an underground mine, when planning repairs during operation. The decision is made depending on many factors and circumstances, but the best result is obtained by a combination of several methods.

Materials for waterproofing concrete wells.

Coating insulation of concrete surfaces from contact with water is an affordable method of waterproofing; it is used by professionals and summer residents on their property.

Sealing materials are manufactured in the form of mastics, roll coatings, and hydraulic seals for emergency emergency work.

All of them must meet the requirements for sealants: moisture resistance, mechanical strength, elasticity, resistance to aggressive environments, long service life.

Two-component formulations

Manufactured from 2 ingredients (cement and polymers), which are mixed immediately before use. An example of a sealant of this composition is the Aquamat Elastic waterproofing mixture.

Sealant components:

• cement-containing powder including additives;
• polymer emulsion.

The solution is used for wells of any purpose, including drinking. The material is non-toxic, easy to use and durable. The surface prepared for processing is pre-primed by cementation. After the repair layer has dried, apply the working solution using a spatula from bottom to top. After 2 days, the coating is repeated.

Two-component mixtures also include a type of bitumen-polymer mastic. Before application, the composition is activated with a special reagent.

Roll materials

Used for external protection concrete structures when they are buried up to 3 m. This interval is most susceptible to the aggressive effects of groundwater.

Rolled materials for waterproofing.

Roll materials include:

• baseless rubber-bitumen insulation and hydroisol;
• roofing felt - cardboard impregnated with petroleum products, glass roofing felt or steklomast on fiberglass fabric;
• PVC films - available in 2 versions: with a reinforcing layer and without mesh;
• foilbitep is a corrugated aluminum base, coated on both sides with a bitumen-polymer composition.

To wrap the rings with sealant, you will need to dig a well in a circular trench 1 m wide. The coating is fixed to the concrete with glue or fused.

The service life of insulating roll coverings is 25-35 years.

It is recommended to use the situation of a well exposed by a trench to construct a hydraulic clay lock, which is placed around the mouth with a slope along the earth's surface away from the well. The design allows the perched water to bypass the well.

These are substances that are resistant to pressure moisture and temperature changes. They are used to cover the seams and outer walls of the well. The addition of polyurethane or polystyrene to bitumen, which is widely used in construction, improves the characteristics of the sealant.

Waterproofing a concrete well with bitumen-polymer based mastic.

Material properties:

• ductility and elasticity, mastic softens at +80°C, sets at temperatures down to -10°C;
• good adhesion on dry and wet surfaces;
• rapid hardening due to 65% of volatile substances contained in the material;
• simplicity, versatility of use: mastic can be applied by spraying or manually with a spatula or brush;
• water absorption - in 24 hours the figure does not exceed 0.4%.

The use of bitumen-polymer mastic makes it possible to reduce waterproofing time due to rapid hardening and the possibility of mechanizing the process.

If the joints of the rings are coated with sealant, the seams must be plastered from the inside. Bituminous compounds cannot be used for internal waterproofing of drinking wells.

Coating mixtures

This concept includes Various types mastics that protect underground structures from moisture. They are used in accordance with the manufacturers' recommendations. The composition of the products is safe for humans and the environment.

Advantages of coating mixtures:

• do not require preliminary preparation of the walls and joints of the well;
• applied with a spatula, plaster trowel, paint roller;
• dry quickly to form a durable waterproof film;
• they are inexpensive.

Mixtures are also made independently from clay, cement with the addition of quartz sand. This solution can be used to seal cracks in concrete and gaps between rings, and to seal seams on the outside and inside of the well.

Membrane materials

External waterproofing of concrete wells.

Technologies for the production of rolled waterproofing coatings are developing, and today a new subtype is being produced - polymer-based membranes. They are used for external insulation of wells in combination with mastics.

Membrane-type materials have a drawback: the vulnerability of the film base from mechanical influences.

Rolled membranes are characterized by the following indicators:

• profiled material is a multilayer polyethylene with stiffeners, used for high level groundwater;
• another type is film polymer: a membrane layer up to 2 mm thick, reinforced, used when ground flows are below a concrete structure.

Wells are insulated with a thick membrane - 0.4 mm and above. Roll coating is compatible with bitumen mastics, environmentally friendly, service life - up to 40 years.

The high price is a limiting factor for the widespread use of material with one-way permeability. Dampness from the concrete rings goes through the membrane into the ground, and water from the soil cannot penetrate into the well. This is the main advantage of the new sealant.

Mixtures based on astringent minerals

The industry produces special cements that can harden in flooded conditions without losing strength over a long period of time. Portland cements belong to the category of mineral binders. On their basis they create waterproof dry building mixtures with specified properties by adding improving additives to the compositions.

Waterproofing a concrete well.

Advantages cement mortars for grouting joints are:

• durability of use;
• immunity to high and low temperatures;
• moisture resistance;
• possibility of cooking at home;
• availability of application by manual and mechanized methods on any side of the support.

After the joints of the rings are sealed with a cement-based mixture, the well becomes a monolithic structure, and drinking water it contains water that is inaccessible for dilution. The consistency of the solution is selected according to the size of the cracks and gaps: a wide crevice requires a thick mixture. Small holes are filled with moving mass.

Concrete well waterproofing technology

When planning the repair of an underground structure, the nature of the damage is taken into account: the methods and means used depend on the degree of water content in the joints. Waterproofing is carried out in accordance with the requirements of building codes and regulations. Before applying the sealant, the contact surfaces are prepared with a primer.

Cleaning joints

Cleaning a well made of concrete rings.

To get to the problem area inside the well, the equipment is dismantled from its trunk and the head is exposed. If necessary, pump out water.

A ladder with a working platform is lowered into the underground excavation. To inspect and clean the joints of the rings from the outside, you need to dig a ditch around the well to the depth of the expected leak.

Diagnostics of surfaces is carried out from top to bottom using a scraper, a metal brush and pressure water. Any damage found is subject to thorough inspection.

Unstable surfaces are removed in the following order:

1. Grooving - the joint is deepened using cuts with a grinder wheel or chipping with hammer blows on a chisel. You can use a hammer drill or impact drill.
2. Cleaning the damaged area from destroyed concrete, dirt and dust. For this you need a scraper and a brush.
3. Rinsing the cleaned joint with water.

The result is a rough surface that promotes adhesion of the repair compound. Depending on the material used, a primer or sealant is applied directly.

Preparation of the treated surface

Consists of priming before applying the sealing compound. If, when cleaning the joints, elements of the reinforcing frame are exposed, the metal is treated with an anti-corrosion agent.

The preparation of surfaces in contact with waterproofing is carried out in the following sequence:

1. Expansion of small cracks. It is carried out with an extension of 20-30 mm in any direction to a depth of 5-50 mm.
2. Repairing gouges and chips. A mixture of cement and sand in a ratio of 1:2 is used. Add 0.5 parts of water. Factory-made compositions are also used.
3. Primer of surfaces. For preparation, bitumen-based compounds are applied - bitumen primers. Number of layers – one or 2, 0.1 mm each. Consumption – 150-300 g/m².

After the primer has dried, proceed to the next stage of work. Before surface coating protective layer it is wetted.

Preparation of the treated surface.

Applying waterproofing to joints

Precast concrete manholes are vulnerable to water intrusion at the interfaces between structural members. At the construction stage, the joints on the outside are coated with mastic and covered with waterproofing tape, which completely covers the joint. From the inside of the barrel, the seams are coated with a repair compound that is safe for humans.

When performing work on an existing well, seal the connections located above the water level, if it is potable. The seams are sealed in sections of 10-20 cm, vertical cracks are puttied from bottom to top.

If a stream escapes from the crack, you can avoid the sealant being carried away as follows:

• drill 1-2 holes Ø20-25 mm 25 cm below the joint to redirect the flow of groundwater;
• seal the main hole with a waterproofing mixture, filling the gap 70% so that the expanding composition does not destroy the structure;
• fix the hydraulic seal with your hand for a period of time from 5 seconds to several minutes, depending on the properties of the sealant;
• clog the drainage holes with rubberized tow, a layer of sealing solution or wooden plugs.

The bottom filter is cleaned after sealing all the cracks. If necessary, the crushed stone layer is replaced with a new one.

Applying waterproofing to joints.

Applying insulation to the surface of concrete rings

External waterproofing of wells is carried out during the construction period, when there is free access to the outer surface of the support. It is performed after processing the joints on both sides of the concrete cylinder. In a multi-layer protective structure, mastics and rolled waterproofing materials are used.

Sequence of work:

• bitumen mastic is applied;
• wraps around the assembled structure roll material the first layer in the horizontal direction with coating the edges of the tape with mastic;
• strips of the second roll layer are laid, covering the joints with sealant.

The mechanized method of applying waterproofing involves spraying or shotcrete: a cement mixture is fed under pressure through a nozzle onto the surface to be treated. Layer thickness 5-7 mm, dries in 2-3 days. After this, the procedure is repeated. The third coating is applied with mastic or hot bitumen.

How to prevent well rings from moving in the future

The shift of the lower elements of the well is not eliminated due to the difficulty of performing repairs in waterlogged soil. Correct the joints of 2-3 upper rings.

To prevent displacement of the concrete support during further operation of the well, use 3 methods:

1. Replace the previous barrel elements with links with a rebated lock. The end parts of the rings are formed according to the groove-protrusion pattern. With such a docking, horizontal shift becomes impossible.
2. Secure the concrete support element from displacement relative to the axis of the excavation by tying adjacent rings using metal brackets. Holes for them are punched at a distance of ≥25 cm from the joint.
3. Attach the links by installing steel plates outside and inside the walls of the rings on bolts Ø12−14 mm.

Ground movements leading to displacement of hollow concrete blocks occur on watered heaving soils. Loads from frozen rocks are higher; at least 4 brackets or plates are placed on the upper rings. Below the freezing level, 2 fastenings are sufficient.