Domestic solid fuel boilers. Heating a private house with a wood-burning solid fuel boiler

Modern solid fuel boilers are used for heating private and country houses.

Despite enough level With the development of gasification in our country, heating in many regions is due to solid fuel heating boilers and remains relevant. Wood-burning boilers are in demand.

This choice of heating systems is due not only to the greater availability of this type of fuel, but also to the high efficiency of the latest models of solid fuel heating boilers long burning both domestic and foreign production, made using modern technologies and from quality materials.

At the same time, prices for solid fuel boilers in Moscow and the regions practically do not differ, and choosing and buying a solid fuel heating boiler today is not a problem at all.

A solid fuel heating boiler is a complex engineering device that heats a circulating coolant by burning wood and other wood or coal fuels and their derivatives: briquettes or granules (pellets).

Today, purchasing long-burning solid fuel boilers is a real opportunity to obtain high-quality heat supply and ensure continuous supply hot water in a private cottage or country house, with minimal financial and operating costs.

Types of heating boilers using solid fuels

By technological scheme When burning fuel, solid fuel heating boilers can be divided into systems using classical combustion and pyrolysis systems using solid fuel. Compared to the classic combustion method (classic solid fuel boiler using wood and coal), pyrolysis uses the unique ability of solid fuel to transform into a gaseous state when high temperature and lack of air.

Such gas burns with much greater efficiency, providing pyrolysis solid fuel boilers with long burning, high efficiency and a long service life between fuel fills. Of course, they have a slightly higher price than their classic counterparts with the same power, but the efficiency and ease of maintenance justify the cost at the most a short time after purchasing them.

Traditional solid fuel long-burning boilers may have design differences in the approach to designing the combustion chamber, as well as in the use different material for the manufacture of a heat exchanger - cast iron or steel. A solid fuel boiler using a heat exchanger of the first type has significantly greater weight and fragility with increasing thermal performance, while steel structure It is durable and resistant to damage.

Operating solid fuel boilers in automatic mode allows you not only to reduce operating costs by shifting most of the worries about servicing and monitoring equipment operation to automation, but also by using a solid fuel boiler with automatic loading to achieve the level of comfort obtained from using gas boilers.

Buy such solid fuel boilers at Russian market It’s not easy yet, but given the promising opportunities, we can assume a great future for them.

Advantages of solid fuel boilers

• Fuel availability
• Affordable price for solid fuel boilers
• You can buy fuel at a low price
• Easy to operate (intuitive controls)
• Possibility of using different types of fuel (wood, coal, pellets, etc.)
• Autonomy (especially important in those regions of our country where there are problems with the supply of centralized gas and electricity)
• High efficiency
• Environmental friendliness
• Safety
• Does not require additional electrical power
• Low operating costs
• Solid fuel boilers without a water circuit they can do without a continuous combustion process (especially beneficial for industrial premises where there is no need to maintain high temperatures at night and on weekends)
• Double savings for small businesses that have the opportunity to burn their own waste as fuel. In such cases, heating production premises combined with recycling of production waste (for example, in the paper industry)

Popular models of solid fuel boilers

Solid fuel boilers Buderus	Solid fuel boilers Protherm.	Solid fuel boilers Don.	Biomaster solid fuel boilers.
Boilers with cast iron casing. Their installation can be done either in combination with other boilers or separately. A wide range of capacities will allow you to select a solid fuel heating boiler for any room size, and pyrolysis combustion will allow you to obtain a high level of heat transfer. Buderus boilers use wood as fuel for heating. They are distinguished by their uncomplicated technical maintenance and ease of installation. The presence of automatic protection devices makes them one of the safest models, and the increased level of efficiency and low fuel consumption make them the most economical in comparison with other analogues.	They have a cast iron heat exchanger and a large fuel chamber, which allows them to achieve an excellent level of performance. A distinctive feature of these boilers is the presence of thermal insulation and horizontal exhaust of combustion products. Both wood and coal can be used as fuel. There is a possibility of installation and combination with gas models. An automatic thermostatic regulator will prevent overheating of the system and turn off the boiler in case of danger.	They are universal and can operate on both natural gas and wood fuel: peat, pellets, coal, wood. They have a special heat exchanger adapted to domestic hard water conditions. The thermal insulation layer reaches 8 mm, which is more than enough to retain heat. The combustion chamber is made of heat-resistant steel, and the operating time without refueling reaches 8 hours. The design of Don boilers combines the most best technologies domestic manufacturers and the latest achievements in the field of heating equipment design.	For their work they use firewood and environmentally friendly pellets. Thanks to automatic loading, Biomaster boilers are the most convenient of all the models presented. Their housings, as well as the heat exchangers, are made of high-quality steel and are water-cooled. The combustion chamber has a specially designed geometric shape, which increases its efficiency and allows you to burn even low-grade fuel.

The Thermo-Mir company, which sells, installs and services solid fuel boilers in Moscow and the Moscow region, offers its customers to familiarize itself with a wide range of products from leading Russian and foreign manufacturers of solid fuel boilers, as well as heating systems using other types of fuel. Buying a solid fuel boiler from us means choosing the most suitable option, considering our assortment.

Our store most fully presents domestic solid fuel boilers (automatic and manually adjusted), as well as model lines products of the world's most famous brands and brands that are in high demand among Russian consumers.

Features of solid fuel coal boilers

Solid fuel coal boilers have a number of distinctive advantages and disadvantages.

Advantages:

• With coal-fired boilers, having selected the required power, you can heat any area,
• Boilers (especially those using coal as fuel) are almost universal in the choice of fuel: firewood, waste, household garbage, briquettes, pellets, sawdust and much more
• Carbon monoxide generated during the combustion process does not enter the chimney, but serves as a raw material for producing combustible gas
• Long burning time (from 6-8 hours)
• Possibility of easy regulation of combustion intensity due to air supply

They also have specific disadvantages:

• Coal needs a separate storage place (without dampness or strong wind)
• Periodic cleaning of the combustion chamber and smoke exhaust system from accumulated soot is required.

Tips for heating your home with solid fuel boilers

Remember that no matter what type of heating boiler you choose, you should optimize the condition of the room itself. The walls must be insulated from the outside and inside, and in windows and doorways draft must be eliminated. You should also take care of the condition of the attic and basement. The temperature there should be such that winter time it was slightly higher than the outside one. If it’s warm there, it means the heat goes out through them to the street, and you are needlessly warming the air and the ground around the house.

Particularly popular brands are:

• Buderus is a product of a world-famous company, combining German quality and the most advanced developments in automation systems using such traditional components as a cast iron or steel heat exchanger;
• Protherm - the choice of equipment of this brand allows you to achieve excellent fuel combustion efficiency, achieved by increasing the combustion chamber and using a cast iron heat exchanger in combination with horizontal exhaust of combustion products;
• Biomaster is one of the most environmentally friendly boilers using wood and pellets as fuel;
• FBIJ - Russian manufacturers provide stable quality, reliability and decent technical characteristics of their products at minimal prices. At the same time, the design of FBR boilers allows fuel to be loaded only twice a day.

An effective heat supply system for buildings and structures is based on correct initial data and correct calculations, and a wide range allows you to buy equipment that is optimally suited to the design characteristics.

Using flexible marketing policy, we sell solid fuel boilers and keep prices at a minimum level, providing a wide range of additional services for the design of autonomous heating and hot water supply systems based on gas, liquid and solid fuel boilers in Moscow and the regions.

Buy a solid fuel boiler at a low price

Arranging a heating system in accordance with the design means providing yourself with efficient energy equipment and avoiding additional problems presented by our variable climate.

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Furnaces on Earth appeared at the moment when an ancient man, sitting in a cave, figured out to surround the fire on all sides with stones. Modern types Solid fuel heating boilers are very different from their prehistoric prototype, however, the principle has remained unchanged for many centuries.

The fuel in the fire burns, quickly dissipating thermal energy into the surrounding space. In stoves, the combustion process slows down, heat accumulates in the walls of the stove, and an intricately shaped chimney can heat the adjacent room.

If you add a water circuit to the design of the stove, you get a full-fledged boiler, the very name of which implies that this is not a simple stove, but a water heating one. The stove was such an important human invention that it is difficult to remember all the types that were invented. Heating stoves heated homes, cooked food on them, slept on large Russian stoves, and steamed with the help of heater stoves. Now, with the development of science and technology, people use new types of modern stoves that run on gas, liquid fuel and electricity. Very good stoves, high-tech, economical and environmentally friendly.

However, as experience has shown, the achievements of civilization can suddenly fail. It is impossible to store gas for the winter in an apartment in the required volume, and bury a tank with diesel fuel on personal plot Not recommended. We can’t even talk about power outages. But the woodpile of firewood - here it is, prepared in the fall. Like coal for heating, it lies there, loaded into a bunker in sufficient quantities and promises comfortable warmth in the house.

Features of solid fuel boilers

Compared to boilers operating on other types of fuel, where automatic system, the features of solid fuel boilers are that they require periodic attention and maintenance. However, here too, engineers offer many improvements to make the owner’s life easier. Cleaning the grates turns from a tedious task into easy and quick manipulation of the flaps when using a special chamber cleaning system with turning over grates.

Some solid fuel boiler designs allow you to load solid fuel, firewood and coal no more than once a week, which raises them to the level of liquid fuel units in terms of tedious maintenance, and this is very good.

Solid fuel heating boilers differ from their counterparts operating on other types of fuel in their thoroughness. The lower heat capacity of solid fuel compared to gas or liquid fuel requires an increased size of the combustion chamber.

In addition, lower combustion intensity implies slow heating and slow cooling, so it is more profitable to make such long-burning boilers from massive materials with increased heat capacity. Basically, of course, solid fuel boilers are made of steel and cast iron. These materials are suitable in all respects and technical characteristics, and in addition, over the previous period of operation they have proven themselves to be the best.

Steel or cast iron

Since ancient times, steel and cast iron have been used in the manufacture of furnaces and hot water boilers. For cast iron heating boilers, individual heat exchanger elements are first cast, then they are tightened with thick, durable studs. Steel solid fuel boilers are usually welded. Each of these household appliances has its positive and negative sides.

A cast iron solid fuel boiler is noticeably heavier than a steel one, which is less sensitive to mechanical damage. If there is a crack in a cast iron boiler, it is cheaper to buy a new one than to repair the old one. On the contrary, a steel solid fuel boiler can be welded for reasonable money. A steel heating boiler withstands overheating better (expansion coefficient 3.5–4.5), cast iron is more fragile (coefficient 7.5–8.5), but rusts less. In steel models, the water coil is welded inside the body; in cast iron, the cavities for the water jacket are initially cast at a metallurgical plant.

Cast iron boiler

If we compare them by the frequency of heating energy loading, then cast iron boilers need 1.1–1.4, and steel boilers 1.6–2.6 liters per 1 kW. The higher the indicator, the less often fuel loading is required. The number of pros and cons of each type is approximately the same, it all depends on the specific conditions in which the boiler will be operated. But there is general rule, applicable to all types.

Boilers must not be operated without a heating fluid, that is, coolant. It doesn't matter whether it's water or special antifreeze. Without liquid, the boiler will quickly overheat and become deformed, and may even crack.

Overheating of the boiler is successfully combated. They make special systems with sensors that signal when the maximum temperature in the boiler is exceeded. In this case, the boiler cooling system is turned on, boiling water is poured into the drain, and cold water is added instead. Close attention is also paid to the safety of using boilers.

Automatic solid fuel boiler

When solid fuel boilers operate at full power, for example, in frosty winters, the boiler temperature is high and in order to protect a person from being burned by the combustion door, protective systems are invented. The door is made multilayer, with asbestos gaskets.

On some steel boilers, a special water cooling circuit is installed for those metal parts that are touched by the person operating the boiler. The process of cleaning boilers is also not ignored. In addition to the usual poker, special systems with rotating grates and retractable ash pans are also offered. Using such systems, you can clean the boiler without opening the firebox.

Single-circuit and double-circuit boiler

When purchasing a solid fuel boiler, you must decide whether you need a single-circuit or double-circuit heating boiler. If only for heating your home, then buy a single-circuit boiler. If you plan to install hot water in your house, then feel free to take a double-circuit boiler. It has an additional coil added in which tap water is heated. Very convenient, but there is a small drawback of the boiler.

Construction of a double-circuit solid fuel boiler

It's getting warm running water and during a long shower, for example, the temperature of the heated water can drop significantly. To prevent this from happening, a storage boiler, about a hundred liters, is placed next to the boiler and a second water circuit is connected to it. It is not running water from the water supply that flows through it, but a coolant that circulates in a circle, heating up in the boiler and giving off heat in the boiler. These are additional costs, but for the sake of comfort and convenience you can go for them.

Traditional or gas generator

Solid fuel heating boilers come in two types. It is up to you to decide which one to choose, a traditional or gas generator boiler. In a traditional boiler there is a combustion chamber with grates, a ash pan under it, and a chimney starting above it, ending in a pipe.

Traditional boiler design

In gas-generating pyrolysis boilers, the heating system is more complex; there is a bunker for wood or coal above the firebox, and the smoke and combustion products are drawn through a complex labyrinth of heat exchangers using a fan, giving off as much heat as possible before literally flying out into the chimney. The efficiency of pyrolysis boilers is 92%, which is much higher than traditional ones.

Coal, and especially firewood, lying in the upper bunker, is dried before it begins to burn. This means that the energy at the moment of burning wood is not spent on water evaporation and more of it is spent on heating the coolant and, therefore, less fuel is required for heating. You can also say about the blower fan, which sucks smoke deep into the boiler, which is very convenient during kindling, when in traditional boilers some of the smoke enters the room.

Non-volatile or volatile

If the boiler has control units and fans, it cannot do without an electrical connection. Which boiler to buy, volatile or non-volatile, is worth thinking about in advance. If you choose a solid fuel boiler with control units and automatic fuel supply, then this, of course, greatly simplifies the maintenance of the boiler room. Fuel for the boiler can be loaded a week in advance; fans draw out smoke, preventing carbon monoxide penetrate the room, smart sensors turn the pumps on and off in time.

This is all great, but what to do if the centralized power supply is turned off? And this can happen at any time, even in severe frosts. For this case, autonomous electric generators or DC-AC converters, so-called inverters, are provided on batteries. That is, be prepared to spend extra for convenience.

Safety regulations

Manufacturers of solid fuel heating boilers claim that, from the point of view of safety rules, their devices are ready to work flawlessly for 10 years or more. This can only be true in the case of ideal operation, when all the manufacturer’s instructions are followed and the heating equipment is used with care. In many houses, boilers manufactured 15 and 20 years ago are installed and work perfectly. That is, the attitude towards the operation of the boiler can either increase its service life or reduce it.

A competent engineering calculation of the boiler's power will lead to the choice of exactly the boiler that will serve consumers without overheating. Correct boiler fittings will allow the coolant to circulate in the system without accidents or troubles.

The rules for safe operation are very important and we will consider them in more detail.

Preventive measures against overheating

Preventive measures against boiler overheating include special heat exchangers built in at the factory that drain boiling water into the drain and add cold water to the system. As well as safety control valves, which organically fit into the structure of the water pipelines and do not allow overheating to damage the boiler. It’s one thing if the pipes of heating and hot water supply systems are made of metal.

It’s completely different if it’s made of metal-plastic or polypropylene. Overheating of the heating boiler can end tragically for such pipes; from 100-110 degrees Celsius they will melt. Therefore, it is recommended to use steel or copper for the first meter or two of pipelines from the boiler, and only then switch to plastic through special couplings.

Solid fuel boiler piping

Chimney equipment

A properly equipped chimney under the boiler is critical for trouble-free operation of a solid fuel boiler. Without good traction, there will be no complete combustion of fuel and a lot of waste, ash and slag will appear. The place where the chimney will be must meet fire safety requirements, and the chimney pipes themselves must be made of good metal, and be resistant to corrosion. The height of the chimney pipe must be at least 4 m and the diameter at least 180 mm.

Sometimes it happens that it is impossible to install a direct chimney through the roof, and you have to construct a complex system of transitions. This cannot but affect traction. Most often negative. In this case, it is highly recommended to buy pyrolysis, gas-generating boilers. They have a built-in blower fan and compensate for insufficient draft by forced exhaust of smoke outside the boiler room.

Correct installation

Certainly, correct installation Only a serious organization can carry out a long-burning boiler, and the instructions for the boiler directly state that only certified organizations are allowed to install a solid fuel boiler. However, the owner of the unit must also be aware of the basic rules, because after installation it is his responsibility to operate the boiler and be responsible for fire safety the entire building.

The solid fuel boiler should be no closer than 20 cm from the walls if they are wooden or made of flammable materials. The walls must be protected with metal plates with asbestos lining. The same applies to gender. Additionally, it should be noted that the floor in front of the ash pit must be covered with metal by at least 30 cm.

Chimney connection

Connecting the boiler to the chimney also has its own characteristics and rules. The horizontal smoke channel between the boiler and the chimney must be no more than 1 m. If more than one pipe enters the chimney, they must extend at least 80 mm, otherwise backdraft may occur. Not only the long and reliable operation of the boiler, but also the health and safety of the residents of the house depends on a well-planned and correctly installed chimney exhaust system.

Connecting a solid fuel boiler to the chimney

You also need to know how to ignite correctly

It doesn’t matter whether you burn with coal, wood, pellets, or peat, the correct way to start a fire is to always start with wood chips. They can be set on fire with a piece of paper or a special candle for ignition, and only after they light up, gradually add the main type of fuel. The blower is initially completely open for maximum air access; after a stable flame appears, it is covered and the draft is monitored.

If the house has not been heated for a long time, the boiler is turned on at full power, the building is warmed up and only then the combustion and temperature of the coolant are reduced. For safety reasons, boilers should not be lit with fuels, lubricants or other flammable liquids.

Boiler cleaning

If the boiler ash pan is not cleaned for a long time, then the coefficient useful action boiler decreases. Instead of heating the coolant, part of the energy is spent on maintaining the temperature of the ash and slag. It is imperative to clean the boiler on time, but it all depends on the size of the ash pan and the operating mode. But in any case, cleaning the solid fuel heating boiler must be done regularly.

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Economical solid fuel heating boiler

1. Classification of solid fuel boilers

2. Single-circuit and double-circuit boilers 3. Traditional and gas-generating units 4. Volatile and non-volatile devices 5. Safety of the heating system 6. The need to arrange a chimney

For a long time, in every house located in the Russian expanses, the heating stove was the most important place. Thanks to the stove, the house was warm in winter. In addition, food was prepared on them, and some structures with a bed even made it possible to sleep. In many rural huts, the stoves are still preserved. Over time, they have undergone significant changes and now owners use solid fuel, electricity or gas boilers to provide heating.

Gas heating is deservedly considered the most optimal solution to the heat supply problem, but, unfortunately, the mains are not laid in all populated areas. Electric heating of a home is an expensive option, and an unstable power supply can lead to equipment shutdown or breakdown. Therefore, property owners, especially in rural areas, prefer to install solid fuel heat generators. Depending on the material of manufacture, a solid fuel heating boiler can be: Despite its durability, cast iron appliances are fragile. This feature is associated with the possibility of overheating of these units. The fact is that cast iron boilers take a long time to heat up and take a long time to cool down. For consumers, slow heating is beneficial because the heating system takes longer to warm the room. But for the boiler, such loads can result in overheating. The operation of all models of devices operating on solid fuel depends on the presence of water in the heating structure. If the amount of coolant in the system reaches a critical level, overheating and deformation of individual elements is possible. Steel units are more resistant to temperature fluctuations, and cast iron products are more resistant to corrosive processes. The following information will be useful for consumers: the required volume of fuel for loading is calculated based on certain standards. For one kilowatt, steel boilers require 1.6 - 2.6 liters, and for cast iron appliances 1.1 -1.4 liters. Thus, cast iron and steel heat generators differ not only in weight and material of manufacture, but also in other characteristics, including structural differences. So the cooling coil in steel solid fuel boilers is located inside them. When the coolant heats up to a critical temperature, you can open the thermostatic tap slightly, after which cold water will begin to flow and thereby lower the temperature.

In cast iron boilers, such as in the photo, similar elements are located on the supply. You can lower the temperature in them only by partially draining the hot water and adding cold coolant. When producing a cast iron product, its sections are assembled into a single device using steel pins. As for the steel unit, its parts are connected by welding. The strength of the seams depends on its quality.

Loading firewood, coal, pellets into solid fuel heating boilers is done manually by opening/closing the loading hatch door. Since its internal part comes into contact with fire and gets very hot, a person can get a serious burn if they come into contact with it. To prevent this from happening, cast iron units have a door with a special protective layer. For steel appliances, the door is equipped with a water-cooling circuit along the contour. To clean a cast iron boiler from ash and ash, you will need a poker. Steel heat generators are equipped with rotating grate bars, mechanically controlled - as a result, to clean the stove you do not need to open the door to the firebox. The design of solid fuel boilers varies. These devices are:

• single-circuit;
• double-circuit.

The presence of one circuit means that the heat generator is intended for arranging a heating system. If the boiler is a solid fuel double-circuit, the house will have both heating and hot water supply. Thanks to two circuits, the rooms will not only become warm, but also heated water will appear for household purposes. As a result, homeowners can save significantly on fuel consumption because there is no need to purchase a water heater and pay for electricity. True, if desired, a single-circuit boiler can be connected to a boiler, but then additional equipment will be required, and installation work costs money.

Traditional and gas generating units

The principle according to which a solid fuel heating boiler operates is classical (traditional) and gas generator (pyrolysis). The latest devices consist of two chambers located one above the other, which are separated by nozzles.

Solid fuel is placed in the upper part, but it does not burn immediately. Thanks to the pyrolysis process, the wood is initially dried and at the same time the air is slightly heated. As a result, efficient heat exchange is ensured. Pyrolysis boilers are equipped ventilation device, which not only facilitates quick kindling, but also minimizes harmful emissions into the atmosphere.

Volatile and non-volatile devices

When the unit has ventilation system, then it requires a connection to the electrical network. Modern devices have special bunkers for loading thermal energy sources. If the supply of solid fuel to the boiler is automated, then fine-grained coal, wood shavings, eco-peas and similar types of energy sources are used. If such a bunker is filled completely, the next loading will only be required after a few days. The warranty period for these devices is about 10 years. But if the operating conditions are observed, the boiler can last a much longer period. The main point when a solid fuel heating boiler is installed is to prevent overheating of the heating supply structure. Since the heat generator cools down very slowly, it is necessary to avoid situations where the temperature reaches the maximum limit. This is especially true for metal-plastic and plastic elements. When the temperature exceeds 100 degrees, they can melt, and heating equipment fall into disrepair.

You also need to be extremely careful when draining hot water (to prevent overheating) into the sewer system if it is equipped with plastic pipes that can become deformed.

The need to install a chimney

Effective operation of a solid fuel boiler is impossible without the right choice installation location of the chimney, which must withstand high temperatures without problems and not be subject to corrosion. It cannot be less than 4 meters in height, and 18 centimeters in diameter. Installation of the boiler and smoke exhaust system should only be carried out by professionals. But the customer of installation services does not bother to study the relevant information in order to assess the quality of the work. After installation is completed, the boiler ash pan must be regularly cleaned of accumulated ash and slag, which reduce the efficiency of the equipment.

Video about a solid fuel heating boiler:

teplospec.com

Solid fuel boilers - market range, specifics of operation

What should people living in areas without gas supply do, since in winter it is impossible to live without heat in the house? Solid fuel boilers are a kind of prototype of a Russian stove, but many times modernized and improved. The progress is dramatic, since there is only one common feature between them - the type of fuel. The principle of operation of such boilers is independent and autonomous, because they have no connection with gas mains, electricity or a centralized heating system. These are undoubted advantages for remote villages, because people also live there and they need civilization.

The heart of the heating system

Modern solid fuel heating boilers are considered excellent sources of warmth and comfort in the home; a person can create any microclimate and regulate temperature regime and do not depend on communication services that are sometimes subject to breakdowns. And this is very wonderful: to live in your own state (house) and run the show, that is, heating.

Quite often there are houses cut off from the benefits of human civilization, but the home needs to be somehow equipped and lived in normal conditions. Moreover, it is unclear when communication benefits will appear. In this case, a solid fuel boiler will be an excellent purchase.

It is clear that coal and firewood are the main fuel for boilers of this kind. This suggests that a person should take care of replenishing supplies. In addition, it is necessary to equip a special room where this fuel will be stored, and it must be protected from precipitation.

Heating boiler in action

Another nuance is that you need to keep an eye on the boiler, since one portion of coal or firewood burns and releases an amount of heat, then another and always timely loading of fuel is required. There should always be a person in the house who will be responsible for the productive operation of the boiler, because several “add-ons” will be needed, for example, one batch of fuel is designed for 3-4 hours.

You can prolong the process of fuel burning; for this you should purchase a solid fuel pyrolysis boiler. When using it, not only the combustion time of the fuel is extended, but also the efficiency and efficiency are increased. There will be more talk about his work in the article, but a little later.

And another advantage of solid fuel boilers is that they can be “re-qualified” as a gas boiler (what if the mains still appear near the house), then you just need to change the burner.

Classification of solid fuel boilers

Such boilers have an important advantage - economical fuel: it can be coal, peat logs, firewood, coke. Despite the peculiar alienation from civilization, these boilers are fully equipped with an automation system, and are also equipped with sensors responsible for temperature and equipment safety.

Heat exchanger material type

Cast iron solid fuel boiler

Heating boilers solid fuels are divided according to the type of heat exchanger material: steel or cast iron, while their fuel resources are identical. Cast iron solid fuel boilers are more durable because this material tends to heat up for a long time and cool down slowly. But there are also negative aspects here: such units are characterized by excessive fragility, which is due to sensitivity to sudden temperature changes. As a result of this “temperature shock,” the walls of the unit gradually collapse and the boiler fails. Not everything is so bad, today modern technologies have improved and cast iron boilers have overcome their fragility.

Steel boilers are more resistant to temperature “whims”, but they also have their own nuances - weakness to corrosion, and the reason for this phenomenon is condensation. A cast iron boiler is not afraid of such an impact, but in any case, the service life depends on the quality of the steel, thickness and the fact of proper handling of the equipment.

By number of circuits

Single-circuit boilers are designed exclusively for full heating of the room. As a rule, in such boilers the possibility of connecting a storage boiler has been thought out;

Double-circuit solid fuel boiler

Double-circuit solid fuel boilers - one circuit is intended for heating, and the other, respectively, for hot water supply. A solid fuel hot water boiler can have different power, it can be calculated using this ratio: 10 sq. m - minimum 1 kW of boiler power. But this is subject to a ceiling height of no more than three meters and good thermal insulation. And if the heat loss in the house is significant, then the hot water supply system must be appropriate.

According to the operating principle

According to this parameter, solid fuel boilers are divided into classic and gas generator (pyrolysis). A solid fuel heating boiler operates according to the following scheme: the fuel is burned, and in return the coolant (water) is heated. Using a radiator system, heated water heats the room.

Important: in order for a classic boiler to produce rated power and high efficiency, it is necessary to ensure the correct functioning of the air exchange and the necessary draft in the chimney.

If you deviate from this recommendation, efficiency decreases, fuel is overused, and the heating device fails prematurely. Solid fuel gas generator boilers are based on the principle of pyrolysis fuel combustion. The bottom line is this: under the influence of high temperatures in conditions of lack of oxygen, wood (dry) decomposes into a volatile part, that is, pyrolysis gas, and a solid residue, that is, charcoal (coke).

Important: for pyrolysis of wood, a temperature of 200 - 800 degrees is used.

This process is exothermic, accompanied by the release of heat; air oxygen and pyrolysis gas are mixed, as a result of which the latter begins to burn and is subsequently used to produce thermal energy.

It is advisable to fire a gas generator boiler with the driest wood, as a result, operation at maximum power is ensured, as well as a long service life. What is the difference for the consumer between a classic and a pyrolysis boiler? Yes, the fact is that the time between loading the pyrolysis boiler increases at least twice. It should also be noted that the flue gases coming out of such boilers contain almost no impurities harmful to the atmosphere, by and large it is a mixture carbon dioxide and water vapor. This means that they are more environmentally friendly and during the combustion process a small amount of soot and ash is formed (this argument is very encouraging), so it can be cleaned less often.

By type of automation

Non-volatile - in such boilers the air flow is regulated mechanically;

Volatile - the air flow is regulated by a blower fan, which is controlled by an electronic unit.

By download method

The fuel loading method can be manual or with automatic feeding (augers). The latter have gained great popularity in European countries, and this is not surprising, because they are characterized by enormous advantages. But they are not available to all consumers due to the high cost and unavailability of the type of fuel used - eco-peas. Depending on the type of burner, other types of fuel can be used: coal with a fraction of up to 2.5 cm, pellets, dry wood shavings.

A solid fuel heating boiler with feed has the main advantage - the bunker can be loaded and you no longer need to access the boiler for about 3-7 days (depending on the size of the bunker). In addition, such a boiler has a very high efficiency, minimal emissions into the atmosphere, and stable maintenance of the set temperature.

Important: boilers of this type require autonomous electrical power; a simple uninterruptible power supply is not suitable here.

Correct operation of solid fuel boilers

So, your dream has come true and you have become the happy owner of a modern boiler. How to handle it? It is clear that you must strictly follow the instructions and not take arbitrary actions.

A good solid fuel boiler is equipped, in most models, with a control unit, as well as a blower fan that maintains the temperature of the coolant.

The control unit for all boilers discussed in the article works according to the same scheme: there is a temperature sensor in the boiler jacket, it sends a signal about the water temperature to the control unit. Therefore, if the temperature drops below the level specified by the user, the control unit activates the boost fan, thus raising the required temperature.

After reaching the desired mark, the fan turns off, and the control unit is set to standby mode, that is, smoldering. IN this mode The fan is turned on periodically and for a short time to maintain combustion and remove accumulated gases in the combustion chamber.

Ignition is a critical stage

Paper and small wood chips for ignition are placed through the scorching door, and larger firewood is added through the loading door. If a coal fire is provided, then a little coal is poured on top of the stacked firewood. Then the paper is set on fire and time is given for the wood chips to burn. If the boiler has recently been operating, the chimney is well heated and there is sufficient draft, you can close the door and simply turn on the control unit, while setting the desired coolant temperature. Then, after a while, the control unit should be turned off and the firebox door carefully opened to see for yourself that the laid part of the coal has already flared up and the main portion can be added.

Important: this does not close the gap in the front part of the grate.

Now that’s it, the boiler itself will take care of maintaining the temperature. But low-quality coal can coke, so it is recommended to stir it periodically or add fuel like a “sandwich” - firewood-coal-firewood.

It is also necessary to remember that before the system is completely warmed up, condensation may form on the walls of the heat exchanger (inside the boiler). This is often a temporary phenomenon; if the circulation is normal, the condensation disappears.

Important: if the system and the house are cold, then it is advisable for the boiler to operate at a high temperature for some time, and only then can it be reduced to the required level.

Ash removal is a must

Depending on the type of fuel, it is periodically necessary to remove the ash located in the ash pan. There is less hassle with firewood, since the ash falls off on its own, and it is a little more difficult to remove slag from coal. But the game is worth the candle, because the duration of operation of a coal boiler with one load is 2 times longer.

Why do you need a circulation pump?

You can connect a special device to the control unit - a circulation pump. Why is it needed? Such a pump is necessary if the boiler does not reach temperature for a long time, for example, it has run out of fuel, then the antifreeze mode is turned on, and the pump periodically circulates water through the system so that it does not freeze.

Chimney installation rules

Installing a chimney is a very important step.

Ideally, the chimney should be insulated; it can be a lined brick or sandwich pipe. Its height must be at least 6 meters, while the cross-section depends on the type of boiler. Without a chimney, not a single solid fuel boiler can operate; it is not worth saving on its arrangement, as this has a bad effect on the service life of the boiler.

The video will tell you what the chimney should be made of and the devices for equipping it:

Solid fuel boilers are an excellent alternative for homes cut off from human amenities. In the summer you can start generating and purchasing fuel, and in the winter you can enjoy the warmth and not depend on anyone. The classic version heats the home, and hot water boilers on solid fuel, in addition to heat, they also provide home residents hot water, and this is also an important aspect.

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Non-volatile heating boilers

Highly efficient energy-independent heating system household appliance is one of the most common types of heating devices for heating country cottages, dachas and private houses.

Depending on the fuel used, highly economical, energy-independent heating boilers are produced following types:

• gas;
• electrical;
• liquid fuel;
• solid fuel.

Installation of a non-volatile boiler using natural gas most effective in residential areas with an unstable supply or lack of electrical energy. Liquid fuel or solid fuel heating household devices are installed to save natural gas and electricity. In urban or rural non-gasified areas that have a powerful electrical supply network, it is advisable to install an electric non-volatile boiler.

The climate company MirKli offers a huge range of household heating equipment. Here you can choose and purchase a high-quality boiler of the required power with the provision of a manufacturer’s warranty. This will ensure long-term, efficient and uninterrupted operation of the heating household device!

A solid fuel boiler is a heating device that uses wood or coal as fuel. The main parts of the device are a firebox with a water jacket, smoke removal and temperature control systems. The firebox has double walls, between which the coolant (water jacket) circulates. As the fuel burns, the walls heat up, and so does the water. Warm liquid rises up, enters the heat pipe, passes through the heating system, gives off heat and returns back. As a result of fuel combustion, a lot of smoke is produced, which is discharged through pipes to the street. The temperature control and regulation system adjusts the intensity of air entering the firebox.

Types of solid fuel heating systems

Devices are divided depending on the type of fuel used, the principle of its combustion and the degree of energy dependence. There are units that run on traditional solid fuels: wood, coal, fuel briquettes, coke. They are loaded into the firebox manually and periodically added as they burn. Pellet boilers appeared relatively recently. The fuel for them is pellets or granules with a diameter of 4-10 mm, which are produced from waste industrial production and logging companies: sawdust, shavings, twisted trunks and branches. A special production technology made it possible to increase the heat release of pellets almost to the level coal. Since the models that consume pellets are new, they are equipped with fuel supply systems, have automatic ignition and are classified as long-burning devices. Universal boilers operate on all types of solid energy sources and are equipped with both mechanics and automation, which allows you to choose the best option in terms of price and performance.

Based on the principle of fuel combustion, a distinction is made between gradual process units that operate using top combustion technology, which ensures layer-by-layer gradual combustion of fuel. This allows you to increase the efficiency of the equipment and reduce losses by up to 20%, reducing the amount of combustion products. A pyrolysis or gas generator boiler produces heat through pyrolysis. Dry distillation of wood at 800 degrees produces coke, which serves as fuel. This technology contributes to an almost complete absence of waste and an increase in efficiency up to 90%.

The degree of energy dependence of the boiler is determined by the need to use additional energy resources. Some devices require an electrical connection to function fully. Modern electronics and automation cannot work without electricity. Non-volatile boilers have a traditional design and are controlled manually. Such models provide heating in non-electrified houses, country houses, etc.

Boilers can be classified according to the type of body material into cast iron and steel. Cast iron devices are not susceptible to water hardness, but are afraid of sudden temperature changes. They have a large mass, so the inertia of the system will be high. Due to the anti-corrosion properties of cast iron, they have a long service life, but are more expensive.

Advantages and disadvantages of solid fuel boilers

The advantages of this type of heating devices include environmental friendliness and availability of fuel without connecting to the power grid. The operating time and power of the system are easily controlled using fuel loading volumes. Modern units have a high degree of fire safety and do not use explosive substances for operation. Such a heating system allows you to significantly save on connecting to the gas network. Required power calculated from the ratio - 1 kW boiler per 10 sq. m area.

Disadvantages usually include the need to regularly add fuel, during which a little smoke enters the room. Boilers need to be cleaned periodically. They reach maximum power rather slowly and cannot immediately stop supplying heat.

Today, modern solid fuel boilers are often used to heat a private home, despite the fact that they are inferior in ease of use to their electric and gas competitors. This popularity of this equipment is primarily due to rising prices for traditional energy resources (especially electricity), as well as the lack of centralized gas supply in some regions. We should also not forget that waste from an agricultural or woodworking enterprise is often used as fuel for solid fuel boilers, which makes heating a private home absolutely free.

Types of fuel for solid fuel boilers

The list of fuel types suitable for use in a solid fuel boiler is quite wide; it includes almost everything that is not a gas or liquid and can burn. In most cases, the heat sources are:

• coal;
• peat;
• wood briquettes;
• pellets;
• waste in the form of wood shavings and sawdust;
• husks and husks of oilseeds and grain crops;
• straw.

Each type of fuel has its own requirements for the material and design of the firebox, the air supply system and some other components of the boiler. Of course, the fuel will burn even if all these parameters do not meet, but the efficiency of the boiler in this case will be significantly lower than the maximum possible. Therefore, before choosing a suitable solid fuel boiler model, you should decide exactly what type of fuel you will use in it.

The disadvantage of household solid fuel boilers is that this equipment is not capable of operating without user participation. Even in models with automatic fuel supply, it is necessary to constantly add fuel to the storage hopper, and the owner also needs to periodically remove ash.

Features of the design of solid fuel boilers

In its simplest form domestic boilers Solid fuel boilers are devices consisting of a housing, a combustion chamber located inside it and a chimney. Such boilers provide the so-called air heating, that is, simply put, they heat the air around them in the same way as a traditional Russian stove does. These models have the lowest cost, but it is impossible to use these types of modern boilers for a private house with several rooms. They are suitable for small buildings consisting of one or two rooms.

To heat the coolant of a water heating system, you should use a solid fuel boiler with a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is blown with hot gases generated during fuel combustion, due to which the water circulating through it is heated. Heat exchangers are made of steel or cast iron.

Cast iron heat exchangers are considered the most preferable: they are more durable than steel ones, are not subject to corrosion and have better performance. However, they also have some disadvantages: cast iron is much less ductile than steel, so it tolerates temperature changes less well; The cast iron heat exchanger weighs significantly more than the steel one, which complicates the transportation and installation of the boiler. The main “minus” of steel heat exchangers is the fear of corrosion.

In modern models of household solid fuel boilers, this problem is solved by adding special additives to the steel composition that increase anti-corrosion resistance. Another disadvantage is that a steel heat exchanger, unlike a cast iron one, is a welded structure:

• firstly, welds are the weak point of the product;
• secondly, this method of manufacturing a heat exchanger significantly complicates its repair.

However, steel heat exchangers make it possible to realize very useful function which involves using a cooling coil. When the temperature of the coolant rises above permissible limits, the thermostatic valve will open, ensuring the flow cold water into the container. Boilers with cast iron heat exchangers cannot use this method to lower the temperature of the coolant; the system must be refilled with cool water.

Double-circuit boilers

More “advanced” models of solid fuel boilers can be used not only for heating private houses , but also for heating water in a hot water supply system. Such boilers are called double-circuit boilers. Anyone who wants to buy such a device should take into account one circumstance: immediately at the moment of using a hot water tap, the boiler completely switches to heating the DHW circuit, and the heating is turned off.

This happens as follows: as a result of switching the valves, the coolant heated by the boiler is redirected to the heat exchanger of the DHW circuit, so it temporarily does not enter the heating system. Therefore, such a connection scheme for a solid fuel boiler is justified only if hot water is consumed occasionally and in small volumes. If a lot of water is needed, the water supply system is supplemented storage capacity(boiler), which provides the following advantages:

• allows you to increase the consumption of hot water;
• makes it possible to use hot water longer without turning off the heating;
• smoothes the operating mode of the boiler, reducing the frequency of its switching from the heating circuit to the DHW.

In inexpensive models of solid fuel boilers, fuel is loaded manually, while in more advanced versions this process is partially automated. Such boilers are equipped with a hopper from which fuel is supplied to the firebox by a screw or piston feeder. Of course, such a system is unlikely to be able to supply firewood instead of the user, but with bulk fuels - fine coal (with a size of 5 to 25 mm), pellets, etc. – will cope “excellently”. The volume of one filling of the bunker is usually enough for several days.

Pellet boilers

One of the most high-calorie and easy-to-use types of fuel are pellets, which are also called biogranules. They are mainly made from wood chips, but peat, sunflower seed husks, etc. can also be used. To obtain granules, the raw materials are crushed and then pressed under pressure reaching 300 atm. Therefore, pellets occupy a much smaller volume than a portion of chips in their pure form, having the same mass. Using pellet boilers for home heating is very convenient: one load into the bunker is enough for a whole week, and the fuel burns almost completely, so you can remove ash about once a month. This equipment differs from other types of solid fuel boilers, first of all, by the presence of a special burner called a pellet burner.

Basic setup of a pellet boiler consists of the following steps:

• precise adjustment of the turn-on and waiting times of the screw feeder when supplying fuel;
• selection of the optimal fan speed for air supply;
• adjustment of operating modes of circulation pumps in heating and hot water circuits;
• setting temperature conditions.

The maximum and minimum consumption of a pellet boiler is determined by several factors:

• boiler efficiency;
• fuel calorie content;
• thermal resistance of the building envelope;
• outside air temperature;
• the number of consumers connected to the boiler in addition to the heating system (warm floor system, hot water supply).

Pyrolysis boilers

If a domestic heating boiler in a private house is supposed to be heated with coal or wood fuel, it is better to give preference to a pyrolysis or, what is the same thing, a gas generator model. Such equipment is also called long-burning boilers. Pyrolysis is the process of formation of flammable gas during the smoldering of coal or wood fuel without access to oxygen. It takes place in a special boiler chamber and is accompanied by the release of a significant amount of heat. Wood gas, consisting mostly of ethylene and propylene, is fed through a ceramic nozzle into the second chamber, where air is pumped and where it is burned. Solid fuel pyrolysis boilers for the home are very beneficial because they have increased efficiency, and besides, cleaning them requires much less effort, because there is not much ash left after pyrolysis.

Rules for choosing a solid fuel boiler

Before choosing long-burning solid fuel boilers, you should calculate their power. On average, the specific energy consumption for heating a house with an area of ​​100 - 150 square meters. m is 120 – 130 W/sq. m, for a house with an area of ​​400 - 500 sq. m – from 80 to 85 W/sq. m.

It is also worth paying attention to various improvements that can significantly facilitate the operation of the equipment. For example, heating a country house with a solid fuel boiler can be controlled by commands with mobile phone, if the boiler is equipped GSM module with a SIM card installed in it.

As a conclusion, we recommend watching an interesting video with a review of the operation of a cast iron solid fuel boiler.

The calendar stubbornly tells us that we live in the 21st century and, indeed, flights into space will not surprise us, but regular power outages return us to the 19th century. We are not talking about the consequences of the rampant nature, but about planned activities related to the constant repair of outdated equipment. Stable voltage in the network is the subject of dreams even for residents of cottage villages located around megacities. It is much easier to install control of a heating boiler using a smartphone than to guarantee stable availability of electricity in small villages and on the outskirts of regional centers. It is not surprising that energy-independent heating boilers are in high demand today. Only they guarantee constant comfort during winter storms and snowfalls.

Main types of energy-independent boilers

As the name suggests - Non-volatile boilers can operate without being connected to the electrical network. Accordingly, they should be installed in houses with heating systems in which the coolant circulates under the influence of gravity. Manufacturers produce the following types of non-volatile boilers:

• Liquid fuel boilers;

Solid fuel boilers were initially designed as non-volatile, but many modern models equipped with pumps and other electronic equipment. However, manufacturers still produce energy-independent models today, introducing innovative technologies. Such boilers attract not only their complete autonomy, but also their long burning time. One download firewood enough for 4-6 hours of work, A coal - for 12-14 hours.

A special category of energy-independent solid fuel heating equipment are pyrolysis boilers(read about the principles of their work in).

They have two chambers: in one the fuel smolders, producing pyrolysis gas, which burns in the second chamber according to the principle of household gas. Such models are capable of maintaining heat throughout the day, and by installing it on the boiler, you can control its operation from any place where there is a mobile connection.

Gas boilers cannot operate completely without electricity, so a thermogenerator is installed in non-volatile models. It turns out electricity, which is sufficient to maintain the gas valve in the operating position and ensure the operation of the burner. Such boilers are turned on using piezo ignition, and draft level control sensors provide a high level of safety during equipment operation.

All goods

Advantages and disadvantages of energy-independent boilers

Among the main advantages non-volatile models worth highlighting:

• Affordable price;
• Availability of automated flame intensity control systems;
• Long service life of the heat exchanger;
• High functionality;
• Easy care and unpretentiousness;
• High efficiency;
• Simplified installation;
• Compact size and light weight.

Gas models capable of operating under pressure changes in fuel supply systems.

Disadvantages of gas boilers lies only in the need to take the most careful approach to the creation of air ventilation systems, coolant circulation and exhaust gas removal. The chimney must provide heating equipment with good draft. The pipelines through which the coolant circulates must be located at such an angle that gravity guarantees a uniform flow of water in the system. For the heating system when using energy-independent boilers, pipes are required large diameter. Another feature is the need to install an expansion tank for excess hot water. If these conditions are not met, then the shortcomings of the equipment will be visible and will create discomfort for the inhabitants of the house.