How to make a water filter with your own hands? A simple homemade filter for water purification. How to make a filter and water cartridge yourself Do-it-yourself flow filter for water purification

Eco-friendly estate: According to ecologists, air and soil pollution is already the norm, and caustic chemical compounds easily penetrate into groundwater. That is why the question is becoming increasingly relevant: how to make a practical water filter with your own hands quickly and at no extra cost.

According to environmentalists, air and soil pollution is already the norm, and caustic chemical compounds easily penetrate into groundwater. That is why the question is becoming increasingly relevant: how to make a practical water filter with your own hands quickly and at no extra cost.

Why do you need a water purification device?

Jug-shaped filters are already included in the list of basic devices kitchen interior. They will do a great job if you need to filter a couple of liters of liquid. But when it comes to large volumes, pocket and household devices are useless and you have to look for a commensurate alternative.

A suspension of sand, fine clay particles, organic matter, waste products of all types of animals and microorganisms makes water from open reservoirs categorically unsuitable for drinking. The situation is the same with wells.

The agricultural industry annually ranks with the heavy and chemical industries in terms of pest levels, due to the amount of nitrates used. Thus, the use of nitric acid to fertilize the soil saturates groundwater with harmful salts.

Be that as it may, even the most modern equipment periodically needs to replace cleaning cassettes, let alone homemade ones. After a certain time, it is imperative to replace the makeshift system with a specialized one.

This is important to do because the water may contain pathogenic bacteria and other undesirable microflora, which are absolutely impossible to filter, and only the sanitary and epidemiological station can cope with bacteriological contamination of a river or well.

How to choose filter media

When choosing a container for a filter, you need to carefully calculate everything, because the cleaning properties primarily depend on the correctly formed “filling”. The volume of the filter container must be such that it can easily accommodate all components.

Natural materials are widely used as absorbents, such as quartz river or washed quarry sand, gravel, activated carbon and zeolite. As you know, any filter begins with a primary coarse layer. Often this role is assigned fabric materials cotton based.

Natural materials are very impractical from a hygiene point of view. Firstly, in a humid environment, such a filter layer is subject to rotting processes, which causes bad smell. Secondly, the structure of the fabric implies very rapid contamination of the filter with unwanted particles, which increases the need to change the layer.

Much better performance is observed in synthetic analogues. More preferable in this regard is lutrasil. The material has moisture-resistant qualities and is more resistant to contamination than cotton or bandage.

A completely budget option for a fabric filter can be considered a synthetic layer, which is used in making coffee.

Quartz sand does an excellent job of retaining small particles, as well as filtering heavy chemical compounds. While gravel, on the contrary, will better screen out large inclusions of unwanted materials.

A mineral called zeolite has an incomparable cleansing effect.

The active action of the substance will cope with water pollution with metal and salt suspension, and also neutralizes pesticides and other processed products of the agricultural industry.

Travel-type small-sized carbon filter

Perhaps the best quality filtration results are shown by homemade options based on activated carbon. The absorbent will equally successfully cope with the retention of both mineral formations and toxic substances.

The properties of the material include the ability to impart transparency to liquids, as well as eliminate unpleasant odors and waste products of microorganisms.

When choosing coal, you need to pay attention to the structure of the mineral. Too small and powdery will penetrate into the water, while coarse, on the contrary, will not provide the proper level of purification. (Granular starting material should be preferred).

Activated carbon is the most popular material in devices homemade filters. It is advisable to fill it in layers so that there is powdery material below, granules on top, and the fractional composition increases in height

An important factor is the degree of so-called “roasting” of the coal. If you overdo this procedure, the absorbent will quickly lose all its valuable qualities.
Coal can be bought at any supermarket, or made at home. The best absorbent qualities are observed in deciduous wood, in particular birch.

To obtain coal, you need to load wood into any metal container and heat it over the fire (preferably put it in the oven). After the wood gets red hot, remove the container and let it cool - that’s it. charcoal ready for use in the filtration system.

It would be quite a camp option homemade filter coal-based water from the ashes of a burnt-out fire. If necessary, it is better to use whole pieces approximately 4 cm in length.

As a rule, anything can serve as a housing for such an improvised system, but mainly a plastic container or bottle is used for convenience.

Making a carbon filter for water

Before assembly, you need to select more best option housings. For this you will need:

• Several plastic containers (bottles or PVC pipe, in some cases you can use food containers. Due to their strength, they will serve well as the base of the cartridge).
• Tools for processing plastic (various sharp objects: awl, scissors, stationery knife, screwdriver).
• Absorbent material (in this case activated carbon).
• Additional filter granules (quartz sand, gravel).
• Material for the primary fabric filter (medical bandage, gauze or coffee filter).
• Plastic covers or plugs.

To ensure the tightness of the structure, polymer substances should be used at the junctions of the modules (if the filter is multi-level and consists of several parts). Moisture-resistant silicone glue or insulating tape work well.

Device assembly process

For installation suspended structure need with help stationery knife First cut off the bottom of the plastic bottle. Then make two holes opposite each other to attach the hinges. Now the improvised body can be hung, for example, on a tree branch.

Next, you need to make an outlet valve from where the filtered liquid will flow. At this stage, the design feature depends on individual preferences. You can organize something according to the principle of a shower - make many small holes in the lid, or you can drill one large one.

The next step will be the actual installation of the components. After screwing on the perforated lid, the body is turned over or hung by the hinges. Then, the first step is to place a bandage or gauze folded several times. The use of a coffee filter is also encouraged.

In some cases, you can find designs where the role of the primary filter material is played by a fabric cover, sewn specifically to the size of the housing. This greatly simplifies the task of changing the absorbent and saves time.

It is worth paying attention to the fact that the installation of absorbent components should be done in a “pyramid” type. This means that the first step is always a fine-grained absorbent (coal), then comes a layer of quartz sand, and then comes the turn of river pebbles or gravel.

It is better to cover the filler hole with some kind of cloth or lid to prevent unwanted objects from getting inside the cartridge.

The principle of operation of such a filter is the passive flow of water through all layers. Under the action of the granules, the contaminated liquid is cleaned and flows out of the perforated hole. Initially, you need to pass several liters of water through the filter. The first filtering procedure will wash the layers and remove contaminants.

The disadvantages of the system include the rather slow cleaning speed and the need to constantly add new liquid after completing the filtration procedure.

The disadvantages of homemade water filters with natural fillers include low speed, the need to frequently change filter layers, and not very high cleaning quality

Homemade carbon filter from PVC pipe

To build the structure you will need a piece of plastic water pipe and 2 containers. You can connect two bottles, where the upper segment will act as a coarse filter.

Inside, as expected, a primary layer of gauze or cotton wool is first placed, while some kind of mesh backing, for example, made of plastic, is constructed so that the layers do not mix. Good for this plastic cover, which can be glued into a PVC pipe, then drill several small diameter holes around the circumference.

Next begins the stage of filling the initial cartridge with synthetic material (sintepon can be used). After this, close the module again with the lid, only this time you should not resort to using glue, because this part must be removable in order to be able to replace and clean the filter material.

Then the turn of the plastic pipe begins. You need to cut off the neck of the bottle and secure it inside the pipe so that you can use the thread.
It should be secured tightly to avoid leaks (silicone glue works well). It is recommended to wrap the outer side and edging of the neck with several layers of electrical tape for greater strength.

As usual, you need to insert a cap into the other end of the tube and make a perforation. On inner surface An improvised cassette should be placed with a fabric layer.

After all the manipulations, the structure is ready to be filled with granulate (in this case, activated carbon). For better efficiency, you can alternate layers of minerals inside the pipe.

Once complete, the primary filter and carbon module are screwed together using threads. Then, plastic bottles are added on both sides. That's all, the cut PVC carbon filter is ready for use.

Water filter for aquarium

As you know, for the normal functioning of aquatic inhabitants, it is necessary to clean the tank in a timely manner and maintain the purity of the water. Owners of small aquariums will come in very handy with instructions on how to build a filter at home.

The body of a homemade filter for purifying hard water can be any plastic tube of a suitable diameter, including, in the absence of one, 2 syringes will work well.

Before assembly, you need to prepare some additional parts: a spray bottle (often used in detergent bottles), a sponge with high degree rigidity, as well as the mechanism by which the structure will be attached to the wall of the aquarium (suction cup).

The first step is to remove the moving part of the syringe; it will not be useful. Then, using hot glue or other sealant, connect the blanks to each other, after cutting off the spouts.

For water flow it is necessary to make perforations. An ordinary soldering iron will do an excellent job of this, and if you don’t have one, you can heat any metal object, such as a nail, over the fire and make holes over the entire area of ​​the syringe.

In some cases, you can add some granulate into the filter capsule, the best option will use zeolite, because The absorbent does a good job of filtering nitrates.

Then the improvised cartridge should be completely wrapped with a sponge and the outer layer should be secured so that it does not unwind. That's all, the power of such a filter is quite enough to purify water in a small aquarium.

Sand filter for pool

As already mentioned, the process of constructing small-sized variations of filter systems is quite simple, however, if we are talking about a large reservoir, it is necessary to think through all the nuances of the purification system.

Many people have probably encountered the problem of “blooming” water. Most often, this process is observed in the warm season, and if the pool is also equipped with a heating system, such an incident can occur at any time.

It is fair to say that the problem of green water can be completely solved with improvised means, namely, removed mechanically, but sometimes a layer of algae can sink to the very bottom and removing the surface film will not solve the problem.

In addition, not only algae can act as a pollutant, but also fallen leaves, as well as sand and all kinds of microparticles if the pool is located outside.
Faced with problems of this kind, people begin to frantically buy all sorts of detergents and cleaning products in the hope of getting rid of annoying green islands. But the active chemical action of substances can only help with the pollutant that is on the surface and in order to clean the tank to the very bottom, completely different methods are needed.

To completely clean the pool, there are special filter systems. They work on the principle of a “vacuum cleaner”, namely, they pump liters of contaminated liquid through a compressor. The filtration process is a repeated transfer of water from one part of the pool to another.
This mechanism is often used in large municipal or private institutions, where the volume of the pool sometimes reaches thousands of liters, therefore the best solution is an automated filtration system.

But it is not profitable for the average user to invest in such bulky equipment if, for example, it is necessary to clean only a small seasonal inflatable tank.

Just for such reservoirs there are instructions for constructing a sand filter.

During the assembly process, you will need any container that can serve as a cartridge. The water tunnel from the primary filter can be made from a plastic pipe 2 meters long (if the pool is large).

You also need to take into account that the tunnel design involves a 90-degree rotation, so a PVC corner is needed. The inner diameter of the cartridge and pipe should be about 50 mm.

A threaded bushing with a diameter of M10 can be used as a support pin for cleaning modules. The convenience of this design allows you to connect several filter cassettes into one, which turns a regular filter into a multi-level one. This increases absorption efficiency and ultimately results in cleaner water.
At the first stage, you need to make two holes (it is better to use a hammer drill).

The first is in the filter plug, and the second is in the PVC corner, then connect the two parts using a pin and nut. A water compressor should be attached to the other end of the tube. The power of the equipment should be selected based on the volume of the pool.

In order for the filter to float, it is necessary to make a special foam backing.

The purification process is circular, and occurs by taking water from the lower layers of the pool and pumping it through the filter using a pump.

The advantage of this design is the absence additional elements for the release of filtered water, as well as the ability to replace the cartridge. It is better to carry out the rinsing procedure over a separate container to avoid dirty liquid getting back into the pool. It is better to use a bucket for this.

In addition, the cost of this installation is significantly less than branded analogues. Everything you need can be purchased at specialized retail outlets, for example, a compressor is sold in any pet store, PVC pipes and angles in construction supermarkets, and a replacement cartridge in the markets in the plumbing department.

A big advantage when creating a floating filtration system is the freedom of design. If you have decorative components on hand, you can disguise the filter as any object that fits into the composition of the pool, for example, a ship.

Homemade water filter

At home, anyone can build an installation consisting of three containers connected in series. Such a filter works only under a certain pressure of the water supply system.

Plastic or glass containers can be used as future cassettes, and the segments must be connected using a ¼-inch adapter nipple.

For convenience, the adapters have entry/exit guides. They will make sure that the assembly process is successful. Another important point is the tightness of the installation. To avoid leaks, it is recommended to wrap each thread in Teflon tape and seal the joints with synthetic material.

A filter of this type is connected to the system as a tee and connected in series with the water supply pipes. The same coal can be used as granulate. It will clean raw water from harmful microparticles and prevent the appearance of scale on the heating elements of an electric kettle and washing machine.

Features of homemade filters

After some time, you will have to replace such a system with a more professional one. This is due not only to the wear and tear of old parts, but due to their low absorption and purification efficiency in relation to microorganisms contained in water.

To ensure the sterility of the reservoir, modern filters are equipped with a mineralizing system. Before buying equipment, it is worth testing the water in laboratory conditions for mineral content and then, based on the results of the examination, choosing a filter with the appropriate mineral composition.

Homemade equipment does not have such a function, so after the cleaning stage it is recommended to boil the filtrate.

Also compare the power of the filter with the water pressure. Incorrect calculation of the water pressure intensity in relation to a homemade filtration system can affect the performance of the equipment. published

The principles underlying water purification technology can be used in the manufacture of homemade filters. This is especially true when the quality of water leaves much to be desired, and purchasing factory-made products is impossible for some reason. In this gigantic article we will try to consider different approaches to making water filters with your own hands.

Cleaning methods and types of filters

Water treatment technologies differ depending on the initial and required water quality. The goal is to remove contaminants from water that pose a threat to humans and pets. In the table below we have reviewed the main approaches used in modern water purification filters.

If you set out to make a filter with your own hands, you will probably rely on the first two types of cleaning. They are the simplest, and for their manufacture there is no need to purchase expensive Supplies.

Simple water filter device

The efficiency of any water treatment system depends on how correctly the sequence of using certain materials for water purification is chosen. Traditionally, the diagram shown in the figure below is used. It provides stepwise cleaning, first from large debris, then from suspended particles, organic inclusions and salts.

The most affordable options are a sand or carbon filter, in which the main role is played by materials of the same name:

• sand. Use coarse quartz sand or rinse thoroughly with river sand so that it does not contain silt particles. To be more confident in the safety of using sand, you can calcinate it for a few minutes - this will kill all the organic matter inhabiting the material. Only dry sand is suitable for backfilling;
• coal. Ideally, use the capabilities of pharmaceutical activated carbon. If you don't have it, use coal from the fire. Not for softwood coal!

Ion exchange resin is used to purify water from iron, calcium and magnesium and is sold in large bags, so it would be more rational to buy a cartridge for iron removal or Aragon-2. A similar function, only more complete cleaning, is performed by a reverse osmosis membrane in a reverse osmosis system. It will also have to be purchased separately - in this case, it is better to immediately buy a ready-made water treatment system.

Filter for a summer cottage or a hike

Before you start assembling your homemade product, you need to be aware that such simple filters only carry out selective water purification. One way or another, worm eggs, viruses and bacteria may remain in it, and the content of hardness salts and iron may be exceeded. Such water must be additionally boiled, and as disinfectants you can use iodine solution (add 5 drops of a 5% alcohol solution to 1 liter of water), potassium permanganate (tinting the water until barely Pink colour), hydroperite (0.5 tablets per 1 liter of water).

One of the homemade devices for primary water purification can be made literally from scrap materials. It is often used on a hike to remove mechanical impurities and toxins. After the filter, the liquid must be boiled. The instructions for making a filter for a summer house or some extreme conditions look something like this:

• take a large plastic bottle, cut off the bottom;
• using the bottle as a funnel, place it in another container, for example, a glass jar or a piece of another bottle (in the shape of a glass);
• line the first filter layer with a clean cloth, gauze, cotton wool or other available material. This layer will be responsible for fine purification of water from mechanical impurities. If conditions permit, boil the fabric before laying;
• Fill the bottle with charcoal to about a third of its volume. It is better to use activated charcoal, but if it is not available, charcoal from a fire pit is quite suitable. But you cannot use coniferous species. The larger the coal layer, the better, because... it is responsible not only for mechanical cleaning, but also for adsorption organic matter, which include components that cause the unpleasant taste and odor of water. In addition, coal absorbs toxic impurities;
• the top layer of the improvised filter will be represented by river sand. Rinse it first and then heat it over a fire. Sand is responsible for removing large mechanical impurities from water. To prevent it from mixing with coal, an intermediate bridge made of a thin layer of fabric can be laid between them

That's it, our simplest treatment plant is ready! It is better not to use the first portions of water, because... First, coal dust and ash will be released from the coal.

One of the simplest options involves making some kind of filter jug. But for this you will need to purchase a cartridge; you will only need to make a suitable container for the water filter yourself. In our case, a plastic bottle is used for these purposes.

Remove the cartridge from the packaging and clean the plastic bottle from dirt if possible. Prepare a sharp knife or scissors for the job.

Cut the bottle at its widest point, where the cone ends. The operation must be carried out so that the resulting funnel, when placed in the second part of the bottle, does not fall into it.

Place the cartridge in the funnel and use a marker to mark a line defining its lower part. Next, you need to cut off the neck and insert the cartridge into the resulting hole so that it fits snugly into the funnel. This is a very important stage, because otherwise, some of the water will end up in the collection tank in an unpurified form.

Place the funnel with the cartridge in the remaining part of the bottle - congratulations, you have made a filter for your summer house with your own hands! The main advantage of this design is its simplicity and compactness. In fact, to manufacture it, you only need a factory cartridge, because Finding a plastic bottle is not a problem.

A good flow system can be assembled from syringes, various parts of plastic bottles, and medical tubing made of PVC or silicone rubber. Cotton wool and crushed activated carbon can be used as filter layers. The set of tools and materials for its manufacture is as follows:

• 3 syringes. Choose the largest volume, such that the diameter of the syringe is equal to the diameter of the hole in the whole bottle;
• 5 plastic bottles. Only for two is the volume important (preferably 1.5 or 2 liters), the rest are needed as sources of spare parts (caps and necks);
• a small piece of hose with a diameter matching the diameter of the bottle cap;
• two plastic tubes. Through them, water will be supplied to and removed from the filter;
• a dozen tablets of activated carbon. From it we will make a filter layer with our own hands, responsible for removing organic matter;
• cotton wool Will be used for cleaning from mechanical impurities;
• beeswax, sugar or plaster of Paris with egg white. Serves as an adhesive that can be used when working with food utensils;
• sandpaper;
• sharp knife or scissors

We will use two identical syringes as the body. To begin, remove the piston and use a knife to remove the stops protruding from the body. To ensure the parts stick well, sand the area as shown in the picture above. So, you have two halves of the filter housing - how do you connect them?

For fastening we will use a bottle threaded connection. Cut off the neck of the bottle at the point where the container begins to expand. Unscrew the cap, but do not throw it away - we will need it later. Such operations must be carried out with two bottles. As a result, we will end up with a pair of plugs and necks. Everything else can be thrown away. Products for fastening to a part from a syringe must be sanded from the inside. Why, it will become clear later.

Our next task is gluing the parts of the filter housing. There is one nuance here: you cannot use moment, super glue or other compounds for this. After all, our filter will come into contact with water for food purposes. Therefore, we will use caramelized sugar solution as glue. To prepare it, take a couple of tablespoons of sugar and heat them slowly over low heat. Apply the resulting glue in a thin layer to the sanded surfaces and immediately connect them. You can also experiment with a solution of gypsum and egg white (add liquid egg white to pure gypsum powder in a ratio of 3 to 1), natural beeswax, natural pine tree resin and other substances that do not pose a health threat if they get into the water ( For the sake of brevity, we will further call this glue food grade). As a result of these actions, you will get two identical parts. Now let's figure out how to connect them.

To connect the two parts of the water filter housing, you need to make a so-called connector. Its components are two plugs (the same ones that remained at the previous stages of work), a piece of hose with a diameter equal to the diameter of the plugs and a width equal to twice the width of the plug. Sequence of work:

• Using a knife, cut small holes in two corks (with a diameter equal to 2/3 of the diameter of the cork);
• use sandpaper to sand the outer parts of the plugs, and also inner part- near a piece of hose;
• Apply pre-prepared food glue to the sanded surfaces and assemble the connector. You can use it as soon as the adhesive joints dry

So, we already have almost everything we need to make a water filter with our own hands. It remains to deal with two containers: the first will be responsible for supplying dirty water, the second – for receiving purified water. If any clean vessel can act as a receiving container and everything seems to be clear here, then there are a couple of tricks with the first container.

How to make the first container:

• take three plastic bottles and a syringe;
• cut off the bottom of bottle 1 and unscrew the cap;
• cut off the flared tip of the syringe, make a hole in the plug and insert the element cut from the syringe into it from the inside. It should fit tightly into the hole, and the connection will be airtight. But to be extra sure, you can additionally use some edible glue. The result of our work will be a plug with a pipe;
• take bottle 2, we only need the cork from it. Use a sharp knife to cut holes in the threaded area of ​​the plug. Now it can be placed in bottle 1, where it will serve as a filter for rough water purification (from sand, etc.);
• take bottle 3 and place it in what is left of bottle 1. As a result of these actions, the screwed cap on bottle 3 should touch our coarse filter (see point 4). Cut the bottom of bottle 3 so that you get a funnel, make slits in it;
• assemble all the parts together as shown in the picture above

Place a small piece of cotton wool in one part of the filter housing, then add pre-crushed activated carbon, fill the rest of both housings with cotton wool. It needs to be compacted, but not too much, because... this affects the filtration rate. Use a connector to connect the two parts. All that remains is to connect the housing using plastic tubes to the supply and receiving containers - you have managed to make a filter for water purification with your own hands. However, there are several nuances in using such a device:

• the performance of the system is determined by the difference in level between the point of water supply and the point of its discharge;
• at the first stage it is necessary to initiate the flow of water, creating traction, similar to draining fuel from a car tank

To avoid silting of the well casing, as well as to reduce the load on the main treatment devices, a mechanical cleaning filter is provided at the water intake site. Below we will talk about the two most simple and effective designs of filters for wells made of plastic or steel pipes. It’s easier and cheaper to make them yourself than to buy ready-made products.

Briefly about what they are. This is a plastic or steel pipe 3 m long, divided into three zones from bottom to top: settling (about 0.5 m), filtering (2 m), installation (0.5 m). Through the filter zone, the water enters the settling tank, where it is preliminarily purified from random impurities under the influence of gravity, and the mounting part is used for fastening to the casing pipe or fixing the cable when it is lowered into a pipe of larger diameter.

Two situations are possible:

• in an active well. After washing it, it became necessary to install an additional barrier for mechanical contaminants (sand and small stones). In this case, a finished filter of smaller diameter is placed in the casing;
• when constructing a well. In this case, the well filter is the first section of the casing pipe

Be that as it may, the technology for its manufacture is the same in all cases. Let's look at the simplest version of a plastic filter for a well. By analogy, you can make the same structure from steel.

We will need:

• pipe 3 m long;
• pipe cover or piece of plastic;
• polyamide cord with a thickness of 3 mm;
• P64 polyamide mesh for filtration;
• hacksaw for metal;
• screwdriver and 10 mm drill;
• self-tapping screws; roulette;
• construction stapler

First, let's mark out the functional zones of our pipe as shown in the figure below.

It makes sense to immediately mount the bottom of the device. For these purposes, cut plastic element round shape, drill three 10 mm holes in it (for water). Secure the bottom with self-tapping screws. Further, the approach to work depends on how water will enter the casing: through holes or through cracks.

Drill holes with a diameter of 10 mm in a checkerboard pattern. Take the distance between holes located in the same line equal to 100 mm. Maintain the same distance between the longitudinal rows located with an offset of 50 mm - hence the checkerboard order. Drill a couple of additional holes on both edges of the filtration zone, which will be required to secure the cord. It should be understood that the role of these holes is solely to ensure the efficient use of well flow, i.e. so that water in the required volume enters the casing pipe.

Attach a cord to one of the edges and make a dozen tight turns around the pipe. Next, wrap it with a spiral in increments of about 150-250 mm. Closer to the opposite part of the filter pad, again wind about ten tight turns and secure the cord with a pair of holes. So that trying to make a filter for a well with your own hands does not involve mechanical work according to instructions, we will explain why this cord is included in the design. It is necessary in order to create a small space between the mesh (more about it below) and the holes in the pipe. In this case, the entire grid area is used. But if it just fit tightly to the pipe, only the part that is located at the holes would work.

All that remains is to wrap the pipe with a special P64 synthetic mesh, which will serve as a filter layer, and secure it with a construction stapler.

Instead of holes, you can make slits in the filter pipe. This will significantly increase the area through which water will enter the casing, as well as reduce the size of particles that can get there, bypassing the mesh barrier. To do this, use a sharp knife or hacksaw to make 100 mm long slots on both sides of the pipe in 20 mm increments. At the same time, after every 10-15 slot holes, leave an untouched gap of 50-100 mm in length. All other operations are similar to those described above for a perforated well filter.

Well filter

To purify water in a well, simple and effective solution, which is called a bottom filter. Naturally, you can do it yourself. There are two approaches here:

1. direct filter. The choice in its favor is made on the condition that the bottom of the well is constantly eroded and this is the reason muddy water. For example, in the case of a clay bottom. The idea is to reinforce the bottom with large stones, gradually reducing the fraction of subsequent layers. Those. the first layer is stones cleared of algae, thoroughly washed, which are best collected on the river bank. Next we lay the large pebbles and finally the smallest ones. The thickness of the layers is within 20 cm, hence the total thickness of the entire filter will be approximately 50-60 cm. Of course, the thicker the layer, the higher the quality of the resulting water. But at the same time, the capacity of the well decreases and the load on the bottom increases;
2. return filter. If the situation is the opposite, and the turbidity of the water is due to the sandy bottom of the well, then backfilling is carried out in the reverse order. However, coarse quartz sand can be used as the first layer (then there will be 4 layers: sand, small and large pebbles, large stones)

The large volume of water and the abundance of sources of pollution require periodic cleaning of pools. This task is best accomplished with a flow-type cleaning device through which liquid will be pumped. When people talk about a homemade pool filter, they most often mean a simple sand (or sand) filter. A diagram of a simple but fairly reliable installation is shown in the figure below.

To make a pool filter with your own hands, you will need the following set of tools and materials:

• capacity from 50 l.;
• PVC sewer pipe with a diameter of 110 mm;
• tee 110x110x45 mm;
• pipes with a diameter of 45 mm;
• polyamide mesh;
• 3-4 corners and screws for fastening them;
• plastic sheet for partition;
• screwdriver and 10 mm drill;
• centrifugal pump and hose with a diameter of 45 mm

The idea is as follows: water will be pumped into the upper part of the container and onto the perforated partition. With its help, uniform distribution of liquid over the entire surface area of ​​the sand load will be ensured; Large debris will linger here. Next, the liquid will pass through a layer of sand and be cleared of smaller mechanical impurities, gradually filling the central pipe. The water outlet is located at a level below the inlet, which, based on the principle of communicating vessels, facilitates its exit from the container by gravity through the pipe.

If desired, instead of sand or together with it, you can use any other suitable material: foam rubber, crushed stone, coal, etc. It all depends on what contaminants you want to remove from the water in the pool and what labor costs you are willing to spend - a sand filter is simpler and cheaper to maintain than its analogues.

Today it is fashionable to have summer cottage small, but it has its own pond. Not everyone is lucky with the location of their dacha, so they have to solve the problem by installing an artificial reservoir. But if in natural conditions ponds are a self-regulating environment, the development of man-made objects depends entirely on the measures taken by their owner. To keep the water clean, installing a filter is considered as one of the measures. You can buy a finished product, but it is quite possible to make a filter for a pond with your own hands - in order to save money and understand the processes occurring in it.

Two can be considered simple options designs:

To make the case, we need a container with a volume of 20 to 40 liters. The larger it is, the less often the filter will have to be serviced, but the more difficult it will be to disguise it in a small pond. Make holes in the bottom 1/3 of the container with a diameter of about 5 mm. Place several layers of foam or other waterproof filter material into the container. This must be done in such a way that the foam covers the holes made in the body. To prevent the container from floating or moving along the bottom of the reservoir, place several heavy stones inside. Now the most difficult thing is to solve the issue with the lid.

It is necessary to make a hole in the lid for a submersible pump, the operation of which will ensure the flow of water through the filter media. The hole is carefully sealed, as is the fastening of the lid to the body. All that remains is to choose a suitable place and flood the water purification device there. Once a week or two you will have to remove the device from the water and wash the foam.

There are two types of filters for purifying water in an aquarium: external and internal. Their name is due to the location of the filter element. In the first case, it is installed somewhere outside the aquarium, in the second, it occupies part of usable area. We will not deal with the question of which solution is optimal. What is much more important for us is how to save on buying a factory product and make an aquarium filter with your own hands at home. But first, let's think about what we will use as a material for water purification. As we said above, there are solutions for different purposes.

On your first trip to a specialized store, you can easily replenish this far from complete assortment of aquarium filters with new items. But even ordinary foam rubber and zeolite may be enough to make a full-fledged bottom filter.

How to make an internal filter

To make a simple internal filter for a bottom-type aquarium you will need:

• small capacity. It is better to use a clay bowl or transparent glassware, i.e. containers that will fit into decorative design or they will simply be disguised. This reservoir will determine the filter surface area;
• funnel. It is better to choose products made of transparent plastic or glass. This is due solely to aesthetic considerations. The role of the funnel will become clear as we describe the manufacturing process;
• filter material. For example, a piece of foam rubber, which will take up about a third of the container;
• pebbles. They will serve as supports for the funnel, and also press down the foam, masking it;
• compressor. Any inexpensive aquarium compressor will do. A flexible tube needs to be connected to it, through which air will be supplied. To do this, you can use a medical transparent PVC tube.

This simplest aquarium filter, which anyone can make if they have a compressor, works as follows: air is pumped into a funnel, rushes upward through its spout, carrying water with it and thereby creating draft in the lower part. Thanks to it, successive portions of water are drawn under the funnel. The operation of such a primitive filter is based on the airlift device (see diagram below).

You can also use a regular jar as a container. And the place of the funnel can always be taken by a hose of larger diameter - it must exceed the diameter of the tube through which air is supplied. Bringing water to the surface will provide more efficient filtration due to the increase in the volume of water participating in the cycle (see diagram below).

A small disclaimer: internal filters are suitable for small aquariums. This is due to their low productivity. For large aquariums, it is necessary to design an outdoor installation.

How to make an external filter

The most important thing in this process is to choose a reliable case. Trimmings have proven themselves well for this purpose. sewer PVC pipes with socket and coupling. They can be connected and closed on both sides with plastic caps, installed vertically or horizontally. In order to make an external filter for an aquarium, we need:

• a piece of plastic pipe with a diameter of 110 mm and a length of 50 cm;
• two plastic pipe plugs;
• submersible pump (can be an aquarium pump) for pumping water;
• two fittings with a diameter that matches the diameter of the outlet pipe in the pump;
• plastic grill (can be used from a sink);
• foam;
• padding polyester;
• biofilter (ceramic rings, tubes, plastic balls, etc.);
• air bleed valve;
• pipe cuttings to create supports;
• hoses for pumping water;
• FUM tape;

First, make inlet and outlet holes for the fitting. Their location depends on whether the filter is vertical or horizontal. In the first case, make holes from the edges of the pipe on the side, in the second - directly in the covers. The preferred option is a lateral inlet, even with a horizontal orientation of the treatment plant. To seal the connection, tightly wrap the threads of the fittings with FUM tape, mount them in the holes and tighten them with a nut. Below we describe the process step by step:

• supports for filter layers. We need to create an intermediate layer in the filter that will perform the distribution function. The main goal is to ensure that the load does not deform over time, and that most of the volume of this layer is occupied by water. Here you can go in several ways, for example, stick a piece of plastic pipe onto the plug. But it will be easier to simply cut off the bottom of a plastic bottle, make as many holes in it as possible and place it upside down relative to the plug;
• partitions between layers. You can cut round pieces from mesh, which is usually placed in the kitchen sink. Alternatively, use CDs that no one really needs anymore. Make as many holes in them as possible. The partitions act as dividing structural elements for loading the filter. Thanks to them, the filter layers will not mix. In addition, they retain large mechanical impurities. Place the first partition on the support structure;
• foam filter. Cut out a round element from foam rubber according to the diameter of the pipe. Place it on the partition;
• biofilter Use ceramic tubes/rings or plastic balls/tubes to create a layer with a large aggregate area. Here, fine suspensions will be deposited on the load and gradually processed by colonies of microorganisms;
• fine filter. First lay the partition, and then a round element cut out of foam rubber or synthetic padding (according to the diameter of the pipe);
• water pump. It is better to glue the pump using hot glue to the body of our homemade filter;
• power supply Make a hole in the cover, pull the pump wire through it and seal the hole securely;
• air exhaust. Install a valve in the cover on the pump side to periodically release the air accumulated in the filter. If the filter is horizontal, then during this procedure you will have to periodically move it to a vertical position;
• connecting tubes. Connect the inlet and outlet hoses as shown in the figure above

Without taking into account the time spent, the cost of an external filter for an aquarium made by yourself is approximately 2-3 times less than a factory product. The aesthetics of the solution, of course, suffers, but a homemade product can always be hidden in a secluded place, and no one will see it at all.

If you wish, you can make a high-quality water filter with your own hands; in terms of its cleaning capabilities, it will be no different from expensive purchased products.

In order for the human body to resist various diseases well, we must drink several liters of water every day. Moreover, it must be as clean as possible. Unfortunately, the liquid that flows from the taps of our apartments is not particularly clean. It contains dangerous microorganisms, pathogenic bacteria, and unsafe impurities.

It is clear that such water cannot be consumed. We have two options. Either constantly purchase bottled liquid for drinking in stores, or order filters made in the factory specifically for water purification. Such purchases require considerable funds. In addition, they do not always sell us high-quality water, and not all filter devices sold in stores provide enough level cleaning it. A reasonable alternative to such purchases is to make a homemade filter at home.

Store-bought filters for water purification

We'll talk about how to make it from scrap materials. But first, let's figure out what a regular filter is. It is understood as a simple product with a special filler. The latter just purifies the water. Lutrasil, grass, gauze, cotton wool, coal, and sand are used as fillers. All fabric filters (made of cotton wool, gauze) provide quite adequate purification of drinking liquids. But they are very short-lived. They can only be used as temporary filter materials.

But products filled with lutrasil (polypropylene synthetic fiber) and charcoal are suitable for long-term and effective purification of hard water contaminated with various impurities. Lutrasil can be bought. You can also use homemade charcoal. It’s not difficult to make: put pieces of wood in a metal container and heat them well. Then let the charcoal cool. Then put it in gauze. Homemade carbon filter is ready!

Note! Coniferous wood cannot be used to make coal yourself.

Commercial pitcher filtration devices purify water very slowly. It is not always convenient to use them. You have to wait a long time for the liquid to clear. This option is unacceptable, especially when you are going to nature (for example, to the country), where you may immediately need a fairly large volume clean water for preparing food for a large group or for drinking.

Jug filtration device

The way out of this situation is to make an excellent camping filter yourself from a bucket with a lid and an ordinary 3-5 liter plastic bottle. The manufacturing scheme of the filter device is as follows:

1. Cut off the bottom of a plastic bottle.
2. Make a hole of a suitable diameter in the lid of the bucket.
3. Place the cut bottle neck down into the bucket. It is advisable to sand the joint between the plastic container and the bucket and place a thick rubber gasket between them.
4. Fill a plastic bottle with filler (you can use a homemade charcoal composition).

The mobile water purification device is ready for use.

The principle of self-manufacturing a simple filter described above, which is suitable for softening hard water and high-quality purification of impurities, can be used to create a more capacious filter installation. The scheme is like this:

1. Take a tank or plastic canister with a capacity of 18–20 liters. This container will serve as a water receiving container.
2. Cut a hole in the bottom of the tank. Its cross-section should be such that you can tightly insert a small tap into the container (the purified liquid will flow out through it).
3. Find a small segment (diameter - 4 cm). Fill it with charcoal.
4. Now take a 10-liter plastic bottle and make a hole in the bottom (this is where you will pour untreated water). Then attach a pipe with filter media to the neck of the container (a standard 10 liter bottle has a neck with a diameter of 4 cm).
5. Connect the pipe coming from the 10-liter container (it will be on top of the structure) to the receiving tank.

Making a simple filter from a canister

You can immediately pour about 9 liters of water into this installation for cleaning. A homemade carbon filter will make this volume of liquid drinkable in literally 90–120 minutes. Advice - it is advisable to cover the bottom and top of the polypropylene pipe into which you will place the charcoal with pieces of plastic with holes (perforated products) and attach them using any hot-melt adhesive. In this case, coal pieces will not float or spill into the purified water tank.

Stationary filter device consisting of three flasks

Now let's figure out how to make an effective filter yourself to connect it directly to the system. For these purposes, we will need three flasks with the same geometric parameters into which we need to place the filler.

From containers prepared in this way, we will make a productive stationary filter for purifying tap water, guided by the following diagram:

1. Take two 1/4 inch adapter nipples. Use them to connect all three flasks into one structure.
2. Seal the joints of the nipples (their threads) with fluoroplastic sealing tape (the so-called FUM material).
3. Using straight adapters, connect the 1/4-inch holes of the two outer flasks to the tube.
4. Cut the prepared filter into the pipeline (you will need a half-inch connector and a tee).
5. Connect a regular water tap to the filter outlet tube.

Take advantage of an effective filter device connected directly to your water supply for your health!

High-quality water in modern conditions, especially drinking water, is very a rare event. If several decades ago there were still clean springs and wells, now they are very rare even in rural areas. Agricultural companies pollute the soil no less than industry and herbicides. Mineral fertilizers inevitably penetrate into the sources. Water filtration has become a necessity.

Jug-type installations have become frequent guests in kitchens in the city and in the country. They are effective for small volumes of liquid. But if you need to clean tens or hundreds of liters, such devices are unsuitable. When there is a well, borehole, or swimming pool on the property, water filters are necessary. You can buy ones designed for these purposes, but those made by yourself are always cheaper.

Design features of industrial and home-made installations

Purified from harmful chemical and bacteriological impurities, life-giving moisture is considered accessible to people only after filtration. In cities, due to the wear and tear of communications, it reaches consumers with rust, lime deposits and other additives. In such conditions, even an aquarium needs to purify the water, otherwise the fish will not survive.

If the house is connected to water supply, the owners use washing machines and dishwashers, which react even more sensitively to water quality. Manufacturers equip their products with mesh filters, which provide rough cleaning, but allow small particles up to 5 microns to pass through. This is harmful for many household devices; they require additional fine filtration.

Simple household filters for the home

Industrial units are produced separately for cold and hot water, it is unacceptable to use them for other purposes. In addition, a pressure regulator is required if pressure drops are observed in the pipes. All such installations have one or more cartridges plus a settling tank in the form of a flask or glass. The quality of water depends on the material used and the cell sizes of the working elements.

All of them require periodic replacement, because harmful impurities accumulate. The cost, depending on the design, is sometimes very impressive. A DIY water filter allows you to get rid of unnecessary financial expenses, and the quality of cleaning can exceed some industrial designs.

A simple homemade device

The dacha of an ordinary citizen often does not have a centralized water supply, so all kinds of sources are used: wells, boreholes and even ponds. In modern conditions, none of them can guarantee the quality of vital moisture. Even in areas remote from industrial centers, there is a danger of bacteriological contamination of water. Any filter, including a homemade one, will eliminate the risk of poisoning the human body.

The main condition for high-quality cleaning is filter filler

The working container is selected so that all the necessary filling fits into it. A variety of components are used for absorption: artificial and natural. The latter have higher filtration capabilities. These include:

• sand from a river or quarry;
• gravel;
• zeolite;
• Activated carbon.

For initial rough cleaning, cotton fabric materials or even paper are usually used. According to hygienic requirements, they are very impractical: they are constantly in a humid environment, subject to rotting, and an unpleasant odor appears. The very structure of such filters contributes to almost instant contamination, which requires frequent replacement.

The best material for filtration is activated carbon

In this regard, artificial materials have best performance. One of the most preferred is lutrasil. It is not afraid of moisture, dirt accumulates to a lesser extent than on cotton. Of the other fabric filters, the synthetic one used in coffee machines is the cheapest.

Of the natural minerals that cost pennies, quartz sand, purified from clay and dirt, deserves attention. It perfectly captures small particles and heavy chemical compounds. Gravel is inferior in this regard - it copes better with large inclusions.

Zeolite is also a mineral, but has a disproportionately greater filtration effect. It cuts off metal and salt impurities - everything that comes into the water from the agricultural industry: pesticides, herbicides, mineral fertilizers.

Zeolite used in homemade structures

Activated carbon has found the most widespread use in homemade devices. It retains mineral formations and toxic substances with equal quality. Another advantage is that water becomes transparent after passing through it, eliminating unpleasant odors, microorganisms.

Such filtration material is available to consumers. Both a special one and one intended for picnics, as well as one made with one’s own hands, are used. The structure is decisive for the quality of cleaning. If the absorbent looks like a powder, it will go away with water, and a coarse one will not provide good cleaning.

Cooking charcoal yourself is not particularly difficult. Wood of any species is used, except coniferous. Birch has the best qualities. Firewood is loaded into a metal container, which is placed on the fire, ideally in a stove. When they are red hot, stop heating and allow to cool. If you overdo it, valuable filtration properties are lost.

Water preparation devices for food

You can clean dirty liquid at home with homemade filters. The resulting product does not always satisfy all requirements. Only the use of high-quality elements allows you to achieve the expected results. They retain mechanical, chemical and bacteriological impurities.

At the dacha they use several types of homemade filters:

• flow-through coal;
• submersible for technical water in an aquarium, swimming pool;
• external, allowing to get rid of mechanical contamination.

A homemade system is used when it is necessary to coarsely filter water from a well, well, or rainwater. Fine cleaning is used to eliminate odors caused by the presence of bacteria.

Simple filters for home made from plastic containers

There is no better absorbent for a homemade device than activated carbon. It does not allow mechanical impurities to pass through, as well as many toxins and bacteriological harmful substances. For production, dishes with a sealed lid and plastic pipes are used. For a small aquarium, disposable syringes are suitable.

The main thing is that the volume allows you to accommodate required amount filter material in several layers. The manufacturing process itself simple device occurs in the following sequence:

1. 1. Take a plastic bottle or other similar container, in which the bottom is cut off. Below, at a distance of about 2 cm, 2 holes are made with an awl.
2. 2. One 10mm hole is also drilled into the lid. Alternatively, many small ones are pierced.
3. 3. Screw onto the bottle and begin laying the cleaning material. Natural fabric or ready-made filters, lutrasil, are used on the bottom and walls.
4. 4. Next comes activated carbon. On top there is clean sand, then gravel, which alternate in several layers. The total volume should not exceed 2/3 of the container's capacity.
5. 5. Cover everything with a cloth that will not allow large particles to pass through. They hang it up and fill it with water, wait for it to be cleaned and poured into a clean container.

The system has a disadvantage: filtering takes a long time.

It is more convenient to use 2 pieces of pipe, one of which is 4 times longer than the other. The short one is used for rough cleaning. Install the lid tightly plastic container, in which a hole is made. A mesh is placed on it and the space is filled with pharmaceutical cotton wool or padding polyester. On the other side, the pipe is also covered with a lid and mesh.

One end of the long piece, which serves as a fine filter, is prepared in the same way: a tight lid with a mesh. On the other side is the neck of a plastic container. The filter material is filled in, each layer in turn. Both parts of the structure are connected.

It’s also easy to do water purification for your home aquarium yourself. Requires 2 disposable 10 ml syringes with cut off tips. They are connected to each other, holes are made along the entire length. A tube with a spray at the end is placed inside, and if you add zeolite, the quality of the water will increase - nitrites will be removed. The outside of the device is wrapped with a sponge.

Pool water purification

Do-it-yourself sand filters allow you to filter a fairly large tank. They are easy to set up, and their cost is half that of store-bought ones. The structure consists of the following parts:

• container with a wide neck;
• pipes for water supply and intake;
• quartz or glass sand as a filter.

It requires a plastic reservoir, usually a barrel, at the bottom of which there is a fine mesh with cells smaller than sand. Its fraction is from 0.4 to 0.8 mm. The first one changes after 2 or 3 years. The second one will last 5 years, but its cost is higher. A multilayer filler is also used when the filter elements alternate from bigger size to less or gravel is included.

Dirty water is supplied into a sealed container from above, suspended mineral and organic particles remain in the filter, and clean water flows into the pool from below. To operate the device, a pump with a power of 150–300 W is required, which is usually installed in front of the tank. Then he pushes the liquid out. If you place a pump after a container, a vacuum is created in it and water is sucked in. There is no fundamental difference in the two schemes; the procedure is ensured in any case.

For the first option, you need a container with reliable tightness that will withstand the pressure created in it. An expansion tank with a membrane is often used. This is removed and the inside of the body is painted to protect the iron from rust.

Using a plastic barrel with a volume of at least 60 liters for such purposes is also possible. But not every container of this type can withstand pressure: the lid often breaks off or the sides split apart at the joints. In this case, it is advisable to use a pump connection diagram after the filter. The lid is additionally sealed to prevent the slightest air leakage. The master class will show you the details in more detail.

To allow water to flow in and out, fittings are cut into the housing and the connection points are carefully sealed. A coarse filter is installed at the feed: an inexpensive cartridge or bottle neck with a mesh. On back side A plastic pipe with holes is installed in the filter tank, covered with non-woven material, through which even fine sand does not penetrate, and clean water flows into the pool.

If a pressure circuit is implemented, be sure to install a pressure gauge on the fitting in the tank lid or between the pump and the filter. It is more reliable to use a manifold that has a pressure sensor, air outlet and safety valves. If the suction principle is used, a tap is cut into the lid. When the system becomes airy, just open it and bleed the air.

A filter with top water intake is placed below the level of the pool mirror. Taps are installed on both pipes to regulate the operation. The discharge and collection sites are located as far away as possible. Before turning on the pump, the tank is filled with liquid manually.

Purifying water with homemade filters is a standard activity for camping and field conditions. After all, it is unreasonable to carry huge bottles on yourself due to the incredible physical costs. In addition, this is irrational due to the almost ubiquitous presence of the liquid component of the earth’s shell necessary for the body.

The liquid people need is indeed available everywhere, but its sanitary condition is not always compatible with consumption. But you can make a very effective water filter with your own hands even on a multi-day route, being far from settlements, with a minimum of available means.

We will introduce you to the most effective and easy-to-implement devices for purifying dirty water. Here you will find diagrams, recommendations and detailed description manufacturing technologies. The material offered for review is systematized, supplemented with visual illustrations and video instructions.