Useful information about bees. Bee insect (lat.

The bee insect is one of the most useful creatures for the modern world.

Thanks to their efforts, every family has honey, which is not only useful product, but also healing.

Few people know, but in order to produce 1000 grams of honey, a swarm needs to make about seventy thousand flights to collect three kilograms of nectar.

There are three varieties of these insects, the largest is the female (queen) - its size reaches up to 25, drones from 10 - 22 and the working class from 13 - 16 mm.

Its color can be dark or black depending on where it lives, it also has a huge stinger, which it only uses against other queens, and a very developed jaw gland. The body weight of an adult varies from 180 to 300 mg. It should perform only one function, lay eggs; it can lay from 1,500 to 3,500 thousand eggs per day.

You can listen and download the sound of a bee by clicking on.

Drones:

It can be recognized by the color of its body, its body is darker than that of worker bees, there is no sting, instead there is an apparatus for copulation. The eyes are large and connected at the top to each other. The mustache is long, the proboscis is short, the wings are long. They do not have a reservoir for collecting pollen; their belly is oval.

The eyes are large in shape, the facets on them are tube-shaped, consisting of several hundred, and between them there are 3 even eyes. There are burrs on its sting, which, when bitten, cling to the skin and the sting remains in the body, after which it immediately dies.

They have wings (two pairs) of membranous wings connected and attached by a thin thread. There are brushes on the inside of the legs, with which she shakes off the collected pollen from the flower organs and places it in the basket. The pollen container is equipped with a flat bottom; two or three strong hairs grow on its edge, which hold the nectar that carries it into the hive.

Also on the womb are glands that mint wax. It dries out and turns into sensitive waxy plates, which are then used by bees to build honeycombs.

Most likely, this species of bees spread throughout the world from India. Their preferred habitat should be saturated with flowering plants.

In the first ten days of spring, there can be more than 1000 bees in the hive, and closer to summer there are about 5000 - 7000 thousand of them. In a large and friendly family there live 2 types of females: the female and worker bees, and there are also males.

Each member of this family has his own responsibilities. The main female leaves one egg in each cell. After some time, females emerge from fertilized testicles, not from fertilized drones. After three or five days, they become larvae; within a week they molt 4 times and grow very actively.

Old bees wall up newborn offspring in cells with a wax cover. They first take the form of pupae and then of adult bees. When the time comes, she leaves the cell, but still needs the care of older bees, who continue to feed them for some time.

Young individuals begin to work almost immediately; their initial task is to clean the cells of debris. The older generation is fulfilling its labor activity outside the hive. After 10 days, the wax glands of the young animals begin to reproduce scales, which are subsequently used in the construction of honeycombs.

From 16 to 22 days later part younger generation make honey from pollen. 25 days after the young bee leaves the cell, it begins to fly out of its home and make its first cleaning flights in order to remember the location of its home, increasing the distances each time.

According to statistics, flying bees begin their full active activity at 16 - 21 days, sometimes even earlier. Flying out of their home, they try to collect more pollen and nectar, but that’s not all; they also gladly accept honeydew from the petals of rare trees.

In territories with temperate climate this insect is active in the hot season, if it is cloudy or rainy they do not leave their hive. The constant temperature in it should be at least 34 degrees; if the temperature drops, the bees concentrate and group, huddling together on the honeycombs in order to compensate for the loss of heat.

The honey bee has only one weapon against dozens of enemies; having stung cattle or humans, it immediately dies, since its stinging apparatus remains in the enemy’s body.

However, if an ordinary wasp tries to attack her, having stung them, she can calmly return her sting to its original place. Enemies often lie in wait for bees when they return to the hive with nectar or pollen. They catch them and take them to the nest to feed the larvae.

Insects bees - living in wildlife, try to build their hives at the entrance of caves, in tree hollows or under rocky ledges. On hot days they fly out of their home to prey:

• Nectar;
• Water;
• Pollen;
• Honeydew;
• Padi;

Also, these insects can build hives on tree branches, the minimum height is from 8 to 10 meters from the ground, these hives can often be found in dense forests:

• Africa;
• Panama;
• Indonesia;
• South America and other countries located closer to the equator;

Queen bees can live from one to eight years, males from four to five weeks, and worker bees from eight weeks.

1. Indian bee (lat. Apis dorsata);
2. Tropical bee - melipona (lat. Melipona);

• Before a bee begins to leave the hive in search of nectar, it must reliably examine everything that is within its home. If, after the bee flies, you move the hive 2 or 3 meters away, it may get lost.
• The young queen bees are fed bee milk, and the remaining larvae are fed bee bread.
• When the time comes and the queen grows old, the bees prepare a new queen cell, where they breed young queens. The old queen leaves the hive and dies. The queen who gnaws out of the cell the fastest becomes the queen of the family; the rest of the queens are killed by the bees.
• If the bees find a rich source of pollen, then upon arrival at the hive they inform their relatives about the find using characteristic movements reminiscent of a bee dance.

Bees have five eyes. Three small eyes are at the top of the bee's head, and two large ones are at the front.

The average flight speed of a bee is 24 km per hour.

A bee needs to fly 321,869 km to make 1 kg of honey.

Bee honey has been around for 30 million years.

Bee is the only insect, which produces food that can be eaten by humans without further processing.

Honeybees are vital plant pollinators.

A bee's wings beat 11,400 times per minute, which creates their distinctive buzzing sound.

Honey bees are almost the only bees with hairy compound eyes.

A bee pollinates 50 to 100 flowers in one honey-seeking trip.

Honeybees can perceive movements that take about 1/300th of a second. People can only see changes separated by 1/50th of a second. If bees watched a film, they would see every single frame of the film.

A bee's sting has a barb that secures the stinger into the body of the victim. The bee loses its stinger and venom bag in the victim's body and soon dies from a ruptured abdominal cavity.

Honeybees communicate with each other through “dancing,” which is how they communicate the direction and distance of flowers.

The average bee is actually only able to make 1/12 of a teaspoon of honey in its lifetime.

Beeswax is produced by eight paired glands on the underside of the abdomen.

Honey bees must eat about 7-9 kg of honey to produce 450 grams of beeswax.

Honeybees are herbivores, feeding on nectar and pollen from flowers, but they are also capable of devouring their brood when stressed.

Bees at birth do not know how to make honey; younger bees learn this from more experienced ones.

The queen bee is the only sexual female in the hive. She lives for about 2-3 years and is the only bee that lays eggs. Her busiest time is during the summer months, when she lays up to 2,500 eggs a day. The queen is capable of laying up to 200,000 eggs per year.

A queen bee can mate with up to 17 drones during 1-2 days of mating flights. The queen bee stores the sperm from these matings in her spermatheca. The queen bee is able to control the flow of sperm to fertilize her eggs when she is about to lay an egg. Honeybees have an unusual genetic system for determining sex. Fertilized eggs will become female offspring, while unfertilized eggs will become male offspring. Worker bees emerge from a fertilized egg and have a full (double) set of chromosomes.

Males, or drones, develop from unfertilized eggs and thus have only one set of chromosomes. They do no work, have no sting, and are intended only for mating. Worker bees are sexually immature females.

Worker bees live about four weeks in the spring or summer, and 6-8 months in the winter.

The worker bee's brain is about 1 cubic millimeter but has the densest neuropil tissue of any other animal.

Only worker bees are capable of stinging, and only if they feel threatened. Queens also have a stinger, but they do not leave the hive.

A healthy person needs to receive 500-1100 bee stings for it to be fatal. For a person who has a strong allergic reaction Only one bee sting is enough for bee venom.

A bee colony consists of 20,000-60,000 bees and one queen bee.

Each colony of honey bees has its own unique scent to identify its members.

Bees also drink water, this way they lower the temperature of their hive so that it does not overheat in the heat.

The honeycomb is made up of hexagonal cells with walls that can support 25 times their own weight.

In winter, bees feed on honey, which they collected during the warm season. They form a tight cluster in their hive to keep the queen and themselves warm.

Small species of bees often build their homes directly in the soil.

Agriculture depends largely on the pollination of flowering plants by honey bees. Honeybees carry out up to 80% of all pollinations by all insects. Without such pollination, there will be a significant reduction in fruit and vegetable yields.

Bees collect up to 30 kg of pollen per year per hive. Pollen from male reproductive cells, created by all flowering plants for plant fertilization and embryo formation. Bees use pollen as food. Pollen is one of the richest and purest natural products, containing up to 35% protein, 10% sugar, carbohydrates, enzymes, minerals and vitamins (carotene), B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B3 ( a nicotinic acid), B5 (panothenic acid), C (ascorbic acid), H (biotin) and R (rutin).

Honey is used by bees for nutrition during all year round. There are many types and flavors of honey, depending on its nectar source. Bees make honey from the nectar they collect from flowering trees and plants. Honey is easily digestible, pure food. Honey is hygroscopic and has antibacterial properties. Consuming local honey can help relieve allergies.

Secreted from special glands, beeswax is used by bees to build honeycombs. It is also used by humans to make medicines, cosmetics, art supplies, furniture polishes, and candle making.

Propolis (a sticky resin) collected by bees from trees is mixed with wax to make a special glue. Bees use it to seal cracks and repair their hive. People use it in the field of health care, and also as a base for thin wood varnish.

Treatment with bee venom is widely practiced abroad and here to solve health problems and treat diseases such as arthritis, neuralgia, high blood pressure, high level cholesterol.

Honeybees are not a native insect species to the United States. They are "European" in origin, and were brought to North America the first settlers.

Honey bees are not aggressive by nature and will not sting for nothing. They do this to protect their hive.

The practice of collecting honey and beekeeping dates back to the Stone Age, as evidenced by cave paintings.

Honey is the only food that contains all the substances needed to sustain life, including enzymes, vitamins, minerals and water. It is also a unique food that contains pinocembrin, an antioxidant associated with improved brain function.

Honeybees have 6 legs, 2 compound eyes made up of thousands of tiny lenses (one on each side of the head), 3 simple eyes on the top of the head, 2 pairs of wings, nectar pouches, and a stomach.

Honey bees have 170 odorant receptors, compared to 62 in fruit flies and 79 in mosquitoes. Their exceptional olfactory ability includes receiving signals from the hive, social connections inside the hive, and smell recognition to find food. Their sense of smell is so precise that it can distinguish hundreds of different flower varieties and determine whether a flower contains pollen or nectar from a distance of several meters.

The bee's brain is oval-shaped and comparable to the size of a single sesame seed, but it has a remarkable ability to learn and remember things, and can also make complex calculations.

The queen bee can live up to 5 years and is the only bee that lays eggs.

Bees from one swarm can “steal” honey from other hives. If they manage to kill the queen, then they lure the rest of the bees into their hive and they meekly fly to a new place of residence.

There is only one that hunts bees for food. This is an ordinary tit. Particularly active consumption of bees by these birds is observed in the early spring, when other types of “food” are not yet available.

A bee (lat. Anthophila) is a flying insect belonging to the superfamily of stinging hymenoptera, suborder stalked-bellied, order Hymenoptera. Her closest relatives are and.

Bee - description and photo.

The bee's coloration consists of a black background with yellow spots. The size of a bee can range from 3 mm to 45 mm.

The structure of an insect's body can be divided into three main parts:

• The head is crowned with paired antennae, as well as simple and compound eyes with a faceted structure. Bees have the ability to distinguish all colors, except red shades, smells and patterns of varying complexity. Bees collect nectar using a long proboscis. In addition to it, the oral apparatus has cutting mandibles.
• Chest with two paired wings of different sizes and three pairs of legs. The bee's wings are connected to each other using small hooks. Legs covered with hairs serve several functions: cleaning antennae, removing wax plates, etc.
• The abdomen of a bee, which contains the digestive and reproductive systems, stinging apparatus and wax glands. The lower part of the abdomen is covered with long hairs that serve to retain pollen.

Types of bees.

Today, approximately 21 thousand species of bees are known.

The bee family has more than 520 genera, the most important of which are: halictids, andrenids, melittids, true bees, stenotritids, colletids, megachiliids.

How do bees live?

Bees have a distinction based on their behavior. These insects can live alone and form communities called swarms. In solitary bees, only female bees are observed, performing all the work, from reproduction, building a nest to preparing food for the offspring.

Insects living in swarms are divided into semi-social and social. Labor in this society is clearly divided, everyone does their job. The first type of organization does not distinguish between worker bees and the queen bee. The second type of organization is the highest; the uterus here serves only to produce offspring.

Where do bees live?

The distribution area of ​​bees is incredibly wide; they are not found only in places where there are no flowering plants. Bees have always settled in small mountain crevices, hollows of old trees, and in earthen burrows. The swarm can settle in any place where there is protection from the wind and there is a body of water nearby. You can find them in the attic of a house or between its walls. In warm areas, bees' nests sometimes hang open in trees.

What do bees eat?

Adult and larval bees feed on pollen and flower nectar. Thanks to the structure oral apparatus, the collected nectar passes through the proboscis into the crop, where it is processed into honey. By mixing it with flower pollen, nutritious food is obtained for the larvae. In search of food they can fly up to 10 km. By collecting pollen, bees pollinate plants.

The bee belongs to the superfamily of insects. Like ants, bees live in large families. Depending on the time of year, the number of individuals in the family varies. In the summer, when the main honey collection occurs, there are more than 80 thousand of them. After wintering, by the beginning of spring, from 10 to 30 thousand remain in the hive.

The only developed female in the nest is the queen; all other individuals are not capable of producing offspring. In the warm season, all she does is lay eggs. It can lay up to 2 thousand per day. The mass of eggs always exceeds the own weight of the uterus.

Not all eggs laid in the cells are fertilized. Unfertilized ones produce male bees - drones, and fertilized ones are intended for the birth of worker bees or queens. It all depends on the food that the hatched larvae will eat.

The queen is much larger in size than other individuals, so worker bees enlarge the cell for her larva. The newly born young queen can fly away with the newly formed swarm to another place of residence. From the time the egg is laid until the appearance of the young successor of the family, 16 days pass.

The majority of the hive population consists of worker bees. It takes 21 days for them to be born. After hatching from an egg, the larva turns into a pupa over time. Bees seal the cell with the pupa. After the transformation, a worker bee emerges from the pupa and independently gnaws its way into the honeycomb.

First, the young bee works inside the hive. Feeds the brood, and when wax production begins, helps build honeycombs. She begins to leave the hive and makes flights. Each time they become longer, and soon, the bee, strengthened and familiar with the area, begins to fly for nectar.

IN good years with a large bribe, many bees die from work, but every summer day they are replaced by more than a thousand young individuals. The nectar collected by the long proboscis is placed in the insect's crop. Under the influence of enzymes it turns into honey. An insect that flies into the hive regurgitates the bribe, and the bees working there put it in the honeycomb. The filled cell is sealed and the honey undergoes further ripening.

Drones feed throughout the warm season in the hive. Those that mate with the female die, and the remaining worker bees are driven out by the cold weather. They also throw out unborn drone larvae.

Nothing comes without effort from bees. And no other insect over the past 50 million years has been able to repeat those unique actions that occur over thin walls honeycombs in the hive. From this article you will learn about many interesting facts x associated with these tireless workers

Bees are a superfamily of flying insects of the suborder Stalk-bellied order Hymenoptera, related to wasps and ants. The science of bees is called apiology. There are about 20 thousand species of bees and about 10 thousand species of Spheciformes. They can be found on all continents except Antarctica. Bees have adapted to feed on nectar and pollen, using nectar mainly as a source of energy, and pollen to obtain proteins and other nutrients. Bees have a long proboscis, which they use to suck nectar from plants. They also have antennae, each of which consists of 13 segments in males and 12 segments in females. All bees have two pairs of wings, the back pair being smaller in size than the front; only in a few species of one sex or caste the wings are very short, making the flight of the bee difficult or impossible. Many bee species have been little studied. The size of bees ranges from 2.1 mm in the dwarf bee (Trigona minima) to 39 mm in the species Megachile pluto, found in Indonesia.

Wax produced by bees has different purposes: covering wax (protects bees from moisture) and construction wax (used to build honeycombs in which worker bees deposit honey, pollen, and also breed). Bees are not only wax casters, but also first-class architects. They make honeycombs from wax, the hexagonal cells of which serve as very convenient bins for honey, storage areas for beebread and cozy cradles for offspring. Honeycombs are made up of cells. Depending on their purpose, they come in four types: bee, transitional, drone, and queen. Most of the cells are bees; worker bees are hatched in them, and food is stored in them - honey and beebread. The shape of the honeycomb cells is hexagonal with a triangular bottom. The bottom of one chamber simultaneously serves as part of the bottoms of three chambers on the opposite side of the honeycomb. The transverse diameter of the chambers of a newly constructed cell cell is on average 5.37 mm. Thus, 8 thousand cells are placed per 1 cm2 of honeycomb. The depth of each of them is 10-12 mm (southern bees have less, northern bees have more). The chambers have the form of equilateral hexagonal hollow prisms. They're in large quantities in parallel rows they are strengthened horizontally by their cavity on the wax sheet-mediastinum and are located as follows: two parallel walls of the prism stand vertically, two pairs of other walls are inclined to the horizontal plane at an angle of 30 *. At the base, the position of the cell in the honeycomb is horizontal, then it acquires an upward bend. Charles Darwin, who studied the life of bees for a long time, emphasized that “only limited person can look at the amazing structure of honeycombs without being amazed.” According to many outstanding mathematicians, bees in practice have solved a very difficult problem: to arrange cells of the appropriate volume in order to place in them the largest possible amount of honey, spending on their construction the smallest possible amount of precious wax. The honeycombs contain pure wax, non-waxy substances, insoluble substances (cocoons of larvae, beebread) and substances soluble in water (honey, excrement), as well as various debris and water. Freshly built honeycombs have White color with a creamy tint and contain about 100% pure wax. Honeycombs in which bees and drones have been bred several times gradually become dark yellow, then brown, and finally completely black. Yellow combs contain 75% wax, brown ones - 60%, in dark - 40% wax. Honeycombs without honey and brood are called dry. The wax protruding from the wax glands solidifies on wax mirrors in the form of tiny plates, which serve as excellent building material. Bees build cells from them for honey, pollen and for the development of offspring. After the offspring hatch, excrement of larvae and their cocoons remain at the bottom of the cells. Bees clean cells to hatch subsequent generations, but they cannot completely empty them. Therefore, over time, the honeycombs darken, the cells become smaller, and the offspring bred in such honeycombs are small and less viable. In addition, in old honeycombs that have served for about 3 years, wax moth larvae and other pests infest faster. Therefore, it is necessary to cull old honeycombs annually.

How many of us know that bees are 50-60 thousand years older than humans? Even primitive man was familiar with honey and loved it. And scientists and doctors of antiquity noticed that using this product prolongs life. One of the Egyptian medical books, which was written more than 3,500 years ago, provides many tips on how to use honey to treat stomach, lung, kidney, eye, skin and many other diseases. Eastern medicine also did not ignore honey. According to the most ancient Chinese medical book, “long-term consumption of honey strengthens the will, gives lightness to the body, preserves youth, and increases life expectancy.” More than four thousand years ago, they began to treat with honey in India. However, honey has long ceased to be a means only traditional medicine: having stepped through the threshold of a modern clinic, it is successfully used for treatment today. Scientists have come to the conclusion: honey not only has a beneficial effect on increasing the resistance of a delicate child’s body to numerous infections, but is also very useful in mature age. After all, honey contains copper, iron, manganese, silicon dioxide, calcium, chlorine, sodium, phosphorus, aluminum, and magnesium. Interestingly, the amount of some mineral salts in honey is almost the same as in human serum. At the same time, honey is an excellent medium in which vitamins are preserved much better than in fruits and vegetables. For example, cut spinach loses 50 percent of the vitamin C it contains within 24 hours. Fruits also lose a significant amount of vitamins during storage. Honey retains all the vitamins that nutritionists consider essential for health, even during long-term storage. Honey is also valued for its healing properties. Where else can you find such an effective sedative that has a beneficial effect on nervous system easily excitable people and does not cause harm to the body? Doctors recommend eating 30 grams of honey in the morning and lunchtime, and 40 grams of honey in the evening. And it’s hard to think of a better sleeping pill than natural honey. It has long been known that a glass of honey water (3 teaspoons of honey per glass of water), drunk in the evening half an hour before bedtime, will provide restful sleep. Honey has a beneficial effect on the stomach and reduces sharp, irritating coughs. Honey inhalations are recommended for diseases of the upper respiratory tract. If you have a runny nose, you can mix honey in half with water and drop 2-3 drops into your nose three times a day. Chewing honeycomb will increase your immunity to respiratory diseases. In children's sanatoriums in Switzerland, anemic and malnourished children are treated with bee honey, since, according to doctors, honey quickly increases the hemoglobin content in the blood. In one of the American Institutes of Hygiene, the only medicine for treating weak and anemic children is natural bee honey with milk. For kidney diseases, honey is recommended as a therapeutic and prophylactic agent. Some doctors advise taking 80-100 grams of honey per day with lemon juice or rosehip decoction. Honey contains a lot of easily digestible sugars, but despite this you should not consume it large quantities. Excess of easily digestible sugars in the body leads to their conversion into fats and can also contribute to the development of diabetes. In a word, don’t forget: “Honey is good, but not a handful in your mouth.”

By the way, not only honey is healing, but also such a beekeeping product as bee venom. It is obtained without causing any harm to the bees. Preparations from bee venom are used for polyarthritis, radiculitis, inflammation of the sciatic nerve, intercostal neuralgia, bronchial asthma, migraine, when drug treatment does not produce results. Bee venom is recommended for skin rubbing and injection, for electrophoresis, if the patient tolerates it well. The most effective way is to inject the poison with the help of the bees themselves. But before starting treatment, you need to check the patient’s sensitivity to bee venom using a biological test. Usually the test is done in two stages, usually on the lower back. The skin is wiped with alcohol and ether, then a bee is applied, it digs into the skin, after 6-10 seconds the sting is removed. During this time, a very small amount of poison enters the body. The next day, a urine test is done for protein and sugar to check for allergies. If everything is fine, the test is repeated, although this time the sting is removed after a minute. If the second urine test is normal, then treatment can begin: the bee is taken with tweezers or two fingers by the back and abdomen and applied to the sore spot. The sting is removed after an hour. On the first day the bee stings only once, on the second - twice, and so on up to 10 days. Then they give the patient the opportunity to rest from the “biting doctor” for three days and continue treatment, applying three bees daily. The course of treatment includes 180 stings. Once a week you need to do a blood and urine test. It is also good to eat 50 grams of honey per day during treatment.

24 interesting facts from the life of bees:

1. The beekeeper does not calm the bees with smoke, but creates an imitation of a fire. Bees, being the ancient inhabitants of the forest, pounce on honey when smoke appears in order to stock up on it for the long journey. When the bee's belly is filled with honey and does not bend, it cannot use its sting.

2. To obtain a spoonful of honey (30 g), 200 bees must collect nectar during the bribe during the day. Approximately the same number of bees should be engaged in receiving nectar and processing it in the hive. At the same time, some bees intensively ventilate the nest so that excess water evaporates faster from the nectar. And to seal honey in 75 bee cells, bees need to allocate one gram of wax.

3. A bee in the hive performs a “circular” dance if it has found a source of food a short distance from the apiary. The “waggling” dance of a bee signals a honey plant or pollen plant located at a more distant distance.

4. To obtain one kilogram of honey, bees must make up to 4,500 flights and take nectar from 6-10 million flowers. A strong family can collect 5-10 kg of honey (10-20 kg of nectar) per day.

5. A bee can fly away from the hive almost 8 km and accurately find its way back. However, such long flights are dangerous for the life of bees and are unprofitable from the point of view of the productivity of their work. The useful flight radius of a bee is considered to be 2 km. And in this case, when flying, it surveys a huge territory of about 12 hectares. In such a large area there are usually always honey plants.

6. A bee swarm can weigh up to 7-8 kg, it consists of 50-60 thousand bees, having 2-3 kg of honey in their crops. During inclement weather, bees can feed on honey reserves for 8 days.

7.Bees lay up to 18 pollen weighing 140-180 mg in one cell of the honeycomb. One average pollen contains about 100 thousand dust particles, the weight of one pollen is from 0.008 to 0.015 g. In summer pollen is heavier than in spring and autumn. Bees bring up to 400 pollen per day, and during the season a bee colony collects 25-30, and sometimes up to 55 kg of pollen.

8. In a bee colony, up to 25-30% of flying bees usually work collecting pollen. They bring 100-400 g (less often up to 1-2 kg) of pollen per day.

9. Many plants secrete nectar and pollen at the same time. But there are also plants from which bees collect only pollen. This is hazel, poppy. Rosehip, lupine, corn, etc.

10. The nectar of most plants contains three types of sugars - sucrose, glucose and fructose. Their ratio in the nectar of different plants is not the same. Honey, which bees produce from nectar with a high glucose content (rapeseed, mustard, rapeseed, sunflower, etc.), crystallizes quickly. If the nectar contains more fructose (white and yellow acacia, edible chestnut), then the resulting honey crystallizes more slowly.

11. Nectar containing a mixture of sugars is more attractive to bees than nectar with the same concentration of sugar alone.

12. During the flowering of raspberries and fireweed in the taiga zone of Central Siberia, the weight of the control hive increased by 14–17 kg per day, while for buckwheat this increase does not exceed 8–9 kg.

13.The highest honey yields of nectar are obtained in the Far East and Siberia. There are known cases when, during the flowering period of linden in the Far East, the weight gain of the control hive reached 30-33 kg per day. Individual bee families in Siberia collect 420, and in the Far East - 330-340 kg of honey per season.

14.With weight bee family 3 kg only 40-50% of hive bees take part in nectar collection. In one flight, these bees can bring 400-500 g of nectar to the hive. The remaining bees in such a family are busy raising brood, building new combs, receiving and processing nectar into honey and other hive work.

15.V strong family, having 5 kg of bees, 60% of its total composition is occupied in collecting nectar. If, during the main bribe, the queen is limited in laying eggs, then the freed nurse bees switch to honey collection. Then up to 70% of the bees in the family will be engaged in honey collection. In one flight they are able to bring about 2 kg of nectar to the hive.

16. To fill a honey crop containing 40 mg of nectar, a bee must visit at least 200 sunflower, sainfoin or mustard flowers, 15-20 flowers of horticultural crops, 130-150 flowers of winter rape, coriander or china in one flight.

17. On a rough surface, a bee is capable of dragging a load that exceeds 320 times the weight of its body (a horse carries a load, equal to weight her own body).

18. Bees that have outlived their short life die in the hive only in winter, and in summer old bees, sensing the approach of death, leave the hive and die in the wild.

19. Swarm bees usually do not sting. Therefore, you should not overuse smoke when collecting a swarm and planting it. The only exceptions are swarms that left the hive several days ago. However, too much smoke can make them angry too.

20. The queen bee never stings a person, even when he hurts her. But when she meets her rival, she furiously uses her sting.

21. To raise a thousand larvae, 100 g of honey, 50 g of pollen and 30 g of water are required. The annual need for pollen is up to 30 kg for each bee colony.

22. Instinct is the only and undivided “master” of the bee family. The most important and highest degree a perfect cycle of procurement of raw materials and completed production of various products of the entire “bee association” consisting of 40-60 thousand worker bees.

23. The bee cell is the most rational in nature geometric shape vessel, its construction requires the least amount of materials (per 100 bee cells - 1.3 g of wax), and the cell has no equal in terms of structural strength and capacity.

24. Maximum production of nectar by honey plants occurs at an air temperature of 18 to 25 degrees Celsius. When the air temperature is above 38 degrees, most plants stop producing nectar. With a sharp cold snap, the secretion of nectar decreases, and in honey plants such as linden and buckwheat, it completely stops.