An example of acceptance tests for aerodynamic smoke removal tests. Aerodynamic tests
The fire testing laboratory of ANO "RAESA" has already conducted many tests of smoke removal systems at all possible facilities.
Also, we periodically publish all our inspections and tests of a particular object. You can view the protocols for the following objects:
- M.Video stores;
- Air flow measurements of PD-1 and PD-2 systems in the Ermolino residential complex, Vidnoye;
- Checking the smoke removal system and air pressure in the building of the Multifunctional shopping complex with the Vesna hypermarket, Moscow region;
- Aerodynamic testing of the ventilation system at the Giproniizdrav Business Center, Moscow.
Typical example of a smoke exhaust test report
PROTOCOL No.___
1. ______________________________________________________________________________
(name and address of testing center)
2. ______________________________________________________________________________
(name and address of the customer)
3. Characteristics of the ordered service _______________________________________________________________________________
(name of object, address and date of inspection)
4. Organization that carried out the installation ________________________________________________________________________________
(name of organization, details, certificate No., validity period of the Certificate)
5. Description of the test method and procedure ________________________________________________________________________________
6. Measuring instruments
7. Design solution ______________________________________________________________________________
8. Performance assessment ________________________________________________________________________________
9. Conclusions based on test results ________________________________________________________________________________
10. Performers
Tests were carried out by: ____________________________________________________________
(position, surname, initials, signature)
Additional Information(applications)
(accreditation certificate)
In conclusion, you should write that if you have any questions related to conducting any tests in the field fire safety, we ask you to write to us at
Goals and principles of standardization in Russian Federation installed Federal law dated December 27, 2002 N 184-FZ "On technical regulation", and the rules for the application of national standards of the Russian Federation - GOST R 1.0-2004 "Standardization in the Russian Federation. Basic provisions".
1. Developed by the Federal government agency"All-Russian Order of the Badge of Honor" Research Institute of Fire Defense" of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, emergency situations and liquidation of consequences natural Disasters(FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia).
This standard takes into account the requirements international standard EN 137:2006 "Respiratory protective devices - Self-contained Breathe-helping machine open loop with compressed air with a full face piece. Requirements, testing, marking."
1.1. This standard establishes the procedure and frequency of acceptance and periodic testing of systems smoke ventilation buildings and structures for various purposes(hereinafter referred to as buildings).
1.2. The test results established by this method are intended to assess the technical condition of smoke ventilation systems at new construction and reconstruction sites, as well as at existing buildings.
Note. When using this standard, it is advisable to check the effect of reference standards and classifiers in information system for public use - on the official website Federal agency on technical regulation and metrology on the Internet or according to the annually published information index "National Standards", which was published as of January 1 of the current year, and according to the corresponding monthly information index published this year. If the reference document is replaced (changed), then when using this standard you should be guided by the replaced (changed) document. If the reference document is canceled without replacement, then the provision in which a reference to it is given is accepted in the part that does not affect this reference.
3.1. Acceptance tests of supply and exhaust smoke ventilation systems are carried out during the commissioning of new construction and reconstruction projects.
Additionally for a comprehensive condition check fire protection the object as a whole should be subject to control indicators 1 - 5 of table 1.
3.4. The required parameters of exhaust smoke ventilation systems must be taken on the basis of ventilation passports completed in the prescribed manner by the organization that set up the systems.
3.7. When conducting periodic tests, at least 30% of the total number of supply and exhaust smoke ventilation systems, selected by random selection, must be subject to control.
4.1. Acceptance tests are carried out after completion of installation, running-in of ventilation units, adjustment of engineering equipment, carrying out fire protection work, and certification of systems.
4.2. During testing, the initiation of the operation of smoke ventilation systems must be carried out by the commissioning organization in the required combination of system interaction.
In the absence of data on the order of operation of supply and exhaust smoke ventilation systems, it is allowed to initiate the operation of the systems in the automatic control mode by first de-energizing the electrical receivers of the systems automatic fire extinguishing, emergency alarm, voice notification and so on.
4.3. Monitoring of the actual parameters of exhaust smoke ventilation systems should be carried out at the smoke intake devices in the network sections furthest from the fans.
All doors of the staircase are closed, with the exception of the door on the floor leading from the building to the outside; measurements are taken on the closed door of the adjacent floor located above the floor equipped with an exit from the building to the outside.
All doors of the staircase are closed, with the exception of the door on the floor leading from the building to the outside; measurements are taken on the closed door of the adjacent floor located below the floor equipped with an exit from the building to the outside.
4.5. When monitoring the actual parameters of the supply smoke ventilation systems specified in 4.4, all doors of the premises (vestibules, halls, lobbies, corridors) located along the evacuation route from the staircase to the external exit must be open.
After the introduction of GOST R 53300-2009 “SMOKE PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES. Methods of acceptance and periodic testing”, this type of work has become easier there is a generally accepted standard that can be referred to.
There are several types of tests, let's start with support in the stairwell, architects seem to call them H2 (above-ground smoke-free staircase).
It looks something like this:
Rice. 1. Ventilation of a smoke-free staircase, view from the outside.
The supply is usually from above, with the door to the street below. The bottom door opens outwards. Up close it looks like this:
Rice. 2. Exit to the street from the staircase. Internal doors
floors open towards the staircase.
The air supply for pressurization in this case looks like this: a valve at the top of the staircase, installation on the roof.
The choice of measurement points is described in GOST; questions arise about the details.
The first inconvenience is the passage of the impulse tube. During testing, the door seems to be closed, so how do you get the tube through?
The most suitable place is marked in the picture. You need to make sure that the tube passes the pressure pulse.
In this case, a slight leak in the door ledge is possible, it has very little effect on the result, since in both test modes according to paragraph 4.4. sensitivity to small leaks is low. Although, of course, if in the second mode the pressure is at the lower limit, 20 Pa, then the opening needs to be sealed.
We measure the pressure, enter it into the log, and adjust it if necessary. Based on the final measurements, we draw up protocols. The second tube, not in the photo, in accordance with GOST sometimes needs to be moved away from the measuring point.
Tests are carried out in two modes:
At this stage, sometimes difficulties arise. The two test modes are very different; in order to meet the standard in the second mode, a powerful fan with high flow rate and, accordingly, pressure is needed. When switching to testing in the first mode, at all behind closed doors
, there is a lot of pressure in the stairwell.
Backup in elevator shaft
We simply fulfill the requirements of GOST we move the elevator to the desired floor and open the doors.
On the adjacent floor we open the elevator door, for this you need a triangular key, or, as a last resort, combination pliers.
The arrow shows the lock for manually opening the elevator doors.
We measure the backwater. Based on the measurement results, we compact or decompact the elevator shaft or ventilation network.
That's all. Due to the clarity of pressure measurements, the difficulties are hidden in the details.
Registration of measurement results
For each final measurement, a protocol is drawn up and attached to the passport. Therefore, the passports for smoke ventilation systems are thicker than the passports for general ventilation.
MINISTRY OF THE INTERIOR
RUSSIAN FEDERATION
STATE FIRE SERVICE
FIRE SAFETY STANDARDS
SMOKE PROTECTION FOR BUILDINGS
AND STRUCTURES.
ACCEPTANCE METHODS
AND PERIODIC TESTS
NPB 240-97
MOSCOW 1997
Developed and prepared for approval by the Main Directorate of the State Fire Service (GUGPS) of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. All-Russian Research Institute of Fire Defense (VNIIPO) of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
Agreed with the Ministry of Construction of Russia.
Approved by the chief state inspector of the Russian Federation for fire supervision.
Put into effect by order of the Main Directorate for State Traffic Safety of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated July 31, 1997 No. 50.
Effective date: 09/01/1997
Introduced for the first time.
MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
STATE FIRE SERVICE
FIRE SAFETY STANDARDS
SMOKE PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES.
METHODS OF ACCEPTANCE AND PERIODIC TESTS
The smoke control systems of buildings. Methods of acceptance and routine tests
1 area of use 1.1. These standards establish the procedure and frequency of acceptance and periodic testing of ventilation systems smoke protection
buildings and structures for various purposes (hereinafter referred to as buildings) with artificial draft stimulation and are subject to use in operating and newly commissioned buildings.
The test results serve as the basis for deciding whether the building's smoke protection system meets the established requirements.
3.4. During acceptance tests, the indicators and characteristics given in table are checked. 1.
Table 1
SCROLL
| indicators to be monitored during acceptance testing of smoke protection systems | Parameter | Permissible value |
| Parameter control method | Schematic solution for smoke protection of the facility | Comparison |
| Quantity, installation position and technical data of fans and electric drives for smoke exhaust ventilation | ||
| Quantity, installation position and technical data of smoke ventilation fans | ||
| Number, installation position and technical data of fire dampers (smoke and fire suppression) | ||
| State fire retardant coatings supply and exhaust smoke ventilation channels | Visual, quantitative assessment | The same, actual thickness, degree of damage |
| Presence and condition of door seals and self-closing devices | Schematic solution for smoke protection of the facility | Design execution, data technical specifications and product passports |
| Triggering of actuators and smoke protection devices in automatic control mode | Fail-safe sequence of action, corresponding to the design design, based on fire detector signals |
|
| The same in manual (remote and local) control mode | Schematic solution for smoke protection of the facility | Same for local and remote control buttons |
| Actual air flow removed through smoke valves directly from the premises | Quantification | Design values (when converted to operating conditions) |
| Actual values of excess pressure on the lower floors of smoke-free staircases of the 2nd type (staircase sections) | 20 Pa (when converted to operating conditions) |
|
| The same in the elevator shafts | ||
| The same in the airlocks |
3.5. Periodic tests of smoke protection systems are carried out at least once every 2 years or more often, if this is not specified in the technical and operational documentation of the building.
3.6. During periodic tests, the indicators and characteristics given in table are checked. 2.
table 2
Table 1
indicators to be monitored during periodic testing of smoke protection systems
| indicators to be monitored during acceptance testing of smoke protection systems | Parameter | Permissible value |
| Smoke protection system operating mode | Visually | Auto |
| Excessive pressure in elevator shafts, staircases, airlocks | Quantification | |
| Air flow (movement speed) in the door when leaving the floor (room) on the evacuation route | Design values (taking into account the requirements of the standards in force during the development of the project) |
|
| Air flow rate removed through smoke valves directly from rooms not protected by installations gas fire extinguishing | ||
| The same from corridors (halls) on escape routes | ||
| The same from premises protected by gas fire extinguishing installations |
4. Procedure and sequence of acceptance and periodic tests
4.1. Acceptance and periodic tests are carried out upon completion of installation or repair of smoke protection systems, testing and adjustment of their units and systems, and drawing up ventilation system passports.
4.2. Acceptance and periodic tests of smoke protection systems for buildings are carried out by specialized organizations that have licenses to carry out installation, repair, maintenance and adjustment of these systems, in the presence of representatives of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
4.3. When conducting acceptance tests, the following are sequentially checked:
compliance of the smoke protection system and its elements with the design design, technical specifications, data sheets to the extent specified in table. 1;
passage of signals from all automatic fire detectors and buttons for manual (remote and local) activation of the smoke protection system;
quantitative values of the standardized parameters of the smoke protection system (excess pressure in smoke-free stairwells of the 2nd type, elevator shafts, airlocks, flow rate or air speed in doorways, valve openings, etc.) in the volume indicated in the table. 1.
4.4. When carrying out periodic tests, the following are sequentially checked:
the passage of signals from automatic fire detectors and from remote control buttons, and to check the functionality, at least 15% of the number of named detectors and buttons are randomly selected;
fixation of signals by receiving stations and their generation of control and information signals, inclusion of information boards, etc.;
turning on the supply and exhaust smoke protection fans and operating the control and fire (smoke, fire-retarding) valves in a given sequence;
quantitative values of the standardized parameters of the smoke protection system (excess pressure in smoke-free staircases of the 2nd type, elevator shafts, airlocks; air flow or speed in doorways, valve openings, etc.) in the volume indicated in table. 2.
4.5. The measurement locations for the above controlled parameters are determined taking into account the requirements of GOST 12.3.018-79, the circuit design of the smoke protection system and the architectural and planning solutions of the building. The composition of the team for conducting aerodynamic tests is selected based on the volume of measurements performed.
5. Measurement methodology, equipment and devices
5.1. All measurements during acceptance and periodic testing of smoke protection systems must be carried out in compliance with the requirements of GOST 12.3.018-79.
5.2. Before the start of aerodynamic tests in the building, the situation provided for by the regulatory documents in force during the calculation of the parameters of the smoke protection system is reproduced, i.e. close all doors and windows, except those listed in the named documents.
In the absence of information about in accordance with what normative document the calculation of the specified parameters has been carried out, it is allowed to reproduce the following situations:
for buildings built in 1985 and subsequent years, assume that all doors are open along the path from the lower standard floor to the exit outside and the smoke valve in the corridor, the elevator cabins are on the first floor, the doors of the cabins and elevator shafts are open.
When conducting aerodynamic tests in winter, it is allowed not to open windows and doors of residential premises.
5.3. If there are airlocks in the building that are protected from smoke by excess air pressure, before carrying out aerodynamic tests you should:
in the airlock of the lower standard floor, at the entrance to the smoke-free staircase of the 3rd type, open one door (door leaf) leading to the hall or corridor;
in a basement airlock with rooms of category B, when entering staircases or elevator shafts, open one door (door leaf). Doors of airlocks on the basement floors of public and industrial buildings When entering elevator shafts, they must be closed.
5.4. All measurements in aerodynamic tests of smoke protection systems are performed no earlier than 15 minutes after the required situation is created in the building and the smoke protection fans are turned on.
Measurements at different points of the same ventilation system(exhaust smoke ventilation, supply smoke ventilation) must be performed synchronously.
The number of measurements of controlled parameters at all measurement points is at least three with an interval between adjacent measurements of at least 3 minutes.
5.5. Excessive static pressure in building volumes (elevator shafts, staircases, airlocks) is measured using a set of two static pressure receivers in accordance with GOST 12.3.018-79 and a differential pressure gauge of at least accuracy class 1.
Excess pressure is measured in relation to the adjacent room (hall, corridor, etc.), while static pressure receivers in these rooms must be placed at the same height and located at a distance of at least 0.5 m from the enclosing structures.
5.6. The speed of air movement in door openings, valve openings, etc. is measured with anemometers of accuracy class no lower than 1.
The number of speed measurement points is taken taking into account the dimensions of the free section of the opening in accordance with GOST 12.3.018-79.
In openings, the free cross-section of which is blocked by protective or decorative elements(grids, meshes, etc.) that do not change the direction of flow, the measurement of air speed can be performed in a plane 50 mm from the specified element.
Fillings of openings that change the direction of flow (blinds, sashes, etc.) must be removed during aerodynamic tests.
6. Processing of measurement results
6.1. Based on the results of all primary measurements, arithmetic average values are determined A measured parameters according to the formula
Where Ai- current value of the measured parameter in i-th dimension;
n- number of measurements.
6.2. Actual volume flow L air in the openings (in m 3 /s) is determined by the formula
L = F V,(2)
Where F- cross-sectional area of the opening, m 2 ;
V - average (according to clause 6.1) value of air velocity in the opening, m/s.
6.3. Actual mass flow G air in the openings (in kg/h) is determined by the formula
Where t- temperature of the transported air, °C.
6.4. The actual parameters measured during tests of smoke protection systems for buildings are subject to recalculation to bring them to the standard operating conditions of the said systems.
6.5. Density ρ The air moved in aerodynamic tests in kg/m 3 is determined by the formula
6.6. Reduced volumetric value Ln and mass Gn air flow moved by the smoke protection system is determined by the formula
Ln= L, m 3 /s; (5)
Gn= L ρ r, kg/s, (6)
Where ρ r- normalized (calculated) density of gas passing through a given hole, kg/m3.
When calculating the value ρ r according to formula (4) the value t must be taken in accordance with established standards parameters (smoke temperature in the smoke valve, temperature of the smoke-air mixture in front of the smoke exhaust fan, outside air temperature, etc.).
Values obtained from formulas (5, 6) Ln And Gn compared with standard values.
6.7. The given value of the mass flow of air removed from corridors or halls on evacuation routes for buildings with a height of 10 to 35 floors is calculated using the formula
Gn = GR(1,7 - 0,0075N - 0,00025N 2), (7)
Where Gp- the calculated (normative) value of smoke consumption, kg/s;
N- number of floors in the building.
Received value Gn compared with actual mass flow G.
6.8. When determining excess pressure in the volumes of a building relative to the corridor, an amendment must be calculated, which depends on the actual strength and direction of the wind, using the formulas:
for the case of location front door on the windward facade of the building at open window premises
DP n = 0,029W 2 + 0,01W+ 2,88, (8)
Where DP n - pressure correction in the corridor of the building, Pa;
W- wind speed normal to the building facade, Pa;
for the case of the entrance door being located on the windward facade of the building with the room window open
DP n = - 0.03 W 2 + 0,27W + 0,34. (9)
The correction to the pressure when the window of the room is closed is taken equal to minus 2.5 Pa when the entrance door is located on the windward facade of the building and plus 2.5 Pa when the entrance door is located on the windward facade of the building.
6.9. The measurement error during aerodynamic tests is determined in accordance with GOST 12.3.018-79.
7. Presentation of the results of acceptance and periodic tests
7.1. Based on the results of acceptance and periodic tests of smoke protection systems, a protocol is drawn up, which indicates:
full address, nature of use, departmental affiliation, series standard project buildings (if any);
type of aerodynamic tests (acceptance or periodic);
brief description smoke protection system, including information about its circuit design and installed equipment;
information about technical condition smoke protection systems at the time of aerodynamic testing;
meteorological conditions at the time of aerodynamic tests (according to regional weather forecasts);
results of measuring parameters of the smoke protection system;
conclusion about the compliance (non-compliance) of the parameters of the smoke protection system with the requirements of the standards.
7.2. The protocol is drawn up by representatives of the organization that conducted aerodynamic tests of the smoke protection system, and is agreed upon with a representative of the State Border Service.
7.3. Based on the aerodynamic test report, a decision is made on commissioning (continuing operation) of the smoke protection system or withdrawing it for unscheduled repairs.
Smoke during a fire makes it difficult to breathe and the ability to clearly distinguish surrounding objects, causing additional factor danger to human life and health. remove smoke from the room and provide a supply of fresh air.
Smoke removal systems include air ducts, smoke removal fans and fire dampers, automatically triggered when smoke appears. To ensure the reliable operation of the smoke removal system, it requires periodic testing.
Normative base
The regulations for testing smoke removal systems are prescribed in GOST R 53300-2009. The document lists the methods of acceptance and periodic tests, indicates their frequency, and provides a sample of the recommended form of the test report. The latter is a mandatory addition to the passport smoke control system and cannot be a substitute for this document. Some of the data entered into the test report duplicates the information given in the ventilation passport.
Types of smoke removal system tests
Acceptance tests. This type of testing is carried out during the commissioning of the facility. All smoke removal systems in a building or structure are tested. The list of indicators to be analyzed is listed in GOST R 53300-2009 in the form of a table:
| No. | Parameter | Parameter control method | Permissible value |
| 1 | Schematic solution for smoke ventilation of the facility | Comparison | |
| 2 | Quantity, installation position and technical data of smoke exhaust ventilation fans | » | |
| 3 | Quantity, installation position and technical data of smoke ventilation fans | » | |
| 4 | Number, installation position and technical data of smoke and fire dampers, normally closed | » | |
| 5 | Design of fire-resistant air ducts (channels) for supply and exhaust smoke ventilation | Visually | Ventilation passport data. Certificates of completed work. Acts of hidden work |
| 6 | Actual flow rates of air removed by smoke ventilation systems through smoke intake devices directly from the premises | Quantification | Ventilation passport data |
| 7 | The same - from corridors (halls) located on evacuation routes | » | » |
| 8 | The same - from premises protected by gas aerosol and powder fire extinguishing installations | » | » |
| 9 | Actual values of excess pressure in smoke-free staircases of type H2 (staircase sections) | » | In the range of 20 - 150 Pa |
| 10 | Same thing in elevator shafts | » | In the range of 20 - 150 Pa |
| 11 | The same - in vestibule locks | » | In the range of 20 - 150 Pa; not less than 1.3 m/s in the plane of the door |
Periodic testing. The frequency of periodic testing should be at least once every two years. At least 30% of smoke removal systems installed in a building or structure are analyzed. Despite the fact that the smoke removal system undergoes mandatory acceptance tests, deviations from GOST requirements are often revealed during periodic tests.
It is best to carry out periodic testing of smoke protection systems: in administrative and commercial buildings - in non-working hours, V residential buildings– during the least activity of residents. In this case, it will be easier to measure air flow rates on the smoke removal system valves and excess pressure values in smoke-free staircases, airlocks and elevator halls.
Typical problems and their effective solutions
The most common non-conformities identified during testing of smoke protection systems are the following:
- when triggered fire alarm the valves of smoke removal systems do not open;
- the permissible excess air pressure in rooms, corridors, halls, and elevator shafts has been exceeded.
A full readjustment usually allows you to return the smoke control system to normal performance.
Based on the test results, a test report is issued, which contains information about the object, purpose, methods, procedures and test results, as well as a list of indicators to be assessed, and the assessment results themselves.
Has extensive experience in the design, installation and maintenance of smoke protection systems for buildings and structures. With us you can always get detailed advice, order the design and testing of any necessary security systems.
The test regulations are prescribed in GOST R 53300-2009; the document defines acceptance tests, establishes the frequency for operating systems depending on operating conditions, and recommends methods of protocol registration. Depending on the time of testing, there are:
acceptance
Performed during the commissioning of reconstructed and new ventilation and smoke removal systems.
- The actual circuit design of smoke ventilation is compared with project documentation. The number and installation locations of fans and the installation location of smoke dampers are checked.
- The fire resistance of the main and additional equipment is compared with the calculated one, the design of the air ducts and the reliability of the installation of fans are checked.
- The air flow removed by the system at maximum loads and the actual value of the fresh air pressure supplied are quantified.
Periodic
The frequency depends on the technical parameters of the system and operating conditions, but at least once every two years. During periodic inspections the following is monitored:
- Actual air flow values directly for each room-corridor.
- Air condition on personnel evacuation routes, in elevators and vestibules.
- Values of excess fresh air pressure in the context of premises.
Aerodynamic testing of the smoke removal system
They are made taking into account the amended SP 73. 13330. 2012. The changes prohibit testing without creating artificial resistance; for this purpose, 2/3 of the suction openings on the fan are plugged. This measure eliminates equipment failure due to poor professionalism. service personnel. The new standards reduce deviations from design standards from 10% to 8%.
Test report for ventilation and smoke removal systems - sample
The information displayed in the document is regulated state standard. The aerodynamic test report for the smoke removal system has the following data:
- Introductory part. The object and purpose of the test are indicated, and the methods used are described.
- Table No. 1. List of verified indicators and actual results. Has information about the assessment data, the applied measurement and control methodology, permissible deviations and a conclusion on compliance.
- Table No. 2. Results of a completed exhaust-type smoke ventilation test. Has information about the design designation of the node or individual element systems, type and functional value, design and actual air flow parameters and the percentage of discrepancy between the result and design data.
- Table No. 3. Results of testing the supply type smoke control system. Displays information about the design designation and type of equipment and devices being tested, design and actual pressure and air flow parameters, and a determination of compliance with regulations.
At the end, conclusions are given about the suitability of the system or a list of detected problems and methods for eliminating them. The act must be signed by responsible representatives of the companies.
Sample test report for smoke removal and ventilation systems
Individual test report for smoke removal system
It is compiled on the basis of checking the technical condition and operability of the ventilation and smoke removal system. Testing of smoke removal systems is carried out in accordance with the requirements of industry regulations and government regulations. The act must contain a list of activities and links to the documents on which the work was carried out. The city, address, location of the object and date are indicated.
The effective part of the act displays test data and states the suitability of the equipment for operation or the need for repair work. The act is signed by representatives of the customer and the contractor.
Testing smoke removal and air pressurization
To perform the work, anemometers with an accuracy class of at least 1.0 are required (for measuring air speed), pressure gauges with an accuracy class of at least 1.0 (for measuring pressure indicators) and a thickness gauge for measuring the parameters of fire-retardant coatings. Aerodynamic tests of smoke removal can be carried out when the system automatically initiates operation after a preliminary power outage.
Instruments for measuring smoke exhaust test readings
The value is checked at several points, the number and placement of which takes into account the size and use of the premises. Based on the data obtained, the average value is calculated and checked for compliance with the calculated parameters. The indicators are additionally checked on the smoke intake devices furthest from the fan according to the formula L out = F out * V out * 3600, m 3 / h, Where:
L out– amount of air drawn through the receiver, m 3 /h;
F out– area of the opening for receiving smoke, m2;
V out– velocity of the removed air flow, m/s.
In smoke-free, above-ground staircases, increased pressure is measured in two ways:
- the doors are closed, measurements are taken on the top and bottom floors;
- The door opens, leading people out of the building.
The number of repeated air velocity measurements should be at least six when using vane-type anemometers and at least ten when using hot-wire anemometers. The measuring sites should be located at the same distance from each other. Permissible deviations from the calculated parameters cannot exceed 15%.
Options high blood pressure air for production and industrial buildings is set within:
- in staircases 20–150 Pa;
- in elevators 20–150 Pa;
- in locks 20–150 Pa.
Air pressure indicators in elevators and airlocks are measured with the doors of the elevator halls open.
The test regulations are prescribed in GOST R 53300-2009; the document defines acceptance tests, establishes the frequency for operating systems depending on operating conditions, and recommends methods of protocol registration. Depending on the time of testing, there are:
acceptance
Performed during the commissioning of reconstructed and new ventilation and smoke removal systems.
- The actual circuit design of smoke ventilation is compared with the design documentation. The number and installation locations of fans and the installation location of smoke dampers are checked.
- The fire resistance of the main and additional equipment is compared with the calculated one, the design of the air ducts and the reliability of the installation of fans are checked.
- The air flow removed by the system at maximum loads and the actual value of the fresh air pressure supplied are quantified.
Periodic
The frequency depends on the technical parameters of the system and operating conditions, but at least once every two years. During periodic inspections the following is monitored:
- Actual air flow values directly for each room-corridor.
- Air condition on personnel evacuation routes, in elevators and vestibules.
- Values of excess fresh air pressure in the context of premises.
Aerodynamic testing of the smoke removal system
They are made taking into account the amended SP 73. 13330. 2012. The changes prohibit testing without creating artificial resistance; for this purpose, 2/3 of the suction openings on the fan are plugged. This measure prevents equipment failure due to low professionalism of maintenance personnel. The new standards reduce deviations from design standards from 10% to 8%.
Test report for ventilation and smoke removal systems - sample
The information displayed in the document is regulated by state standards. The aerodynamic test report for the smoke removal system has the following data:
- Introductory part. The object and purpose of the test are indicated, and the methods used are described.
- Table No. 1. List of verified indicators and actual results. Has information about the assessment data, the applied measurement and control methodology, permissible deviations and a conclusion on compliance.
- Table No. 2. Results of a completed exhaust-type smoke ventilation test. Has information about the design designation of a unit or individual element of the system, type and functional significance, design and actual air flow parameters and the percentage of discrepancy between the result and design data.
- Table No. 3. Results of testing the supply type smoke control system. Displays information about the design designation and type of equipment and devices being tested, design and actual pressure and air flow parameters, and a determination of compliance with regulations.
At the end, conclusions are given about the suitability of the system or a list of detected problems and methods for eliminating them. The act must be signed by responsible representatives of the companies.
Sample test report for smoke removal and ventilation systems
Individual test report for smoke removal system
It is compiled on the basis of checking the technical condition and operability of the ventilation and smoke removal system. Testing of smoke removal systems is carried out in accordance with the requirements of industry regulations and government regulations. The act must contain a list of activities and links to the documents on which the work was carried out. The city, address, location of the object and date are indicated.
The effective part of the report displays test data and states the suitability of the equipment for operation or the need for repair work. The act is signed by representatives of the customer and the contractor.
Testing smoke removal and air pressurization
To perform the work, anemometers with an accuracy class of at least 1.0 are required (for measuring air speed), pressure gauges with an accuracy class of at least 1.0 (for measuring pressure indicators) and a thickness gauge for measuring the parameters of fire-retardant coatings. Aerodynamic tests of smoke removal can be carried out when the system automatically initiates operation after a preliminary power outage.
Instruments for measuring smoke exhaust test readings
The value is checked at several points, the number and placement of which takes into account the size and use of the premises. Based on the data obtained, the average value is calculated and checked for compliance with the calculated parameters. The indicators are additionally checked on the smoke intake devices furthest from the fan according to the formula L out = F out * V out * 3600, m 3 / h, Where:
L out– amount of air drawn through the receiver, m 3 /h;
F out– area of the opening for receiving smoke, m2;
V out– velocity of the removed air flow, m/s.
In smoke-free, above-ground staircases, increased pressure is measured in two ways:
- the doors are closed, measurements are taken on the top and bottom floors;
- The door opens, leading people out of the building.
The number of repeated air velocity measurements should be at least six when using vane-type anemometers and at least ten when using hot-wire anemometers. The measuring sites should be located at the same distance from each other. Permissible deviations from the calculated parameters cannot exceed 15%.
Increased air pressure parameters for production and industrial buildings are set within the following limits:
- in staircases 20–150 Pa;
- in elevators 20–150 Pa;
- in locks 20–150 Pa.
Air pressure indicators in elevators and airlocks are measured with the doors of the elevator halls open.
After the introduction of GOST R 53300-2009 “SMOKE PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES. Methods of acceptance and periodic testing”, this type of work has become easier there is a generally accepted standard that can be referred to.
There are several types of tests, let's start with support in the stairwell, architects seem to call them H2 (above-ground smoke-free staircase).
It looks something like this:
Rice. 1. Ventilation of a smoke-free staircase, view from the outside.
The supply is usually from above, with the door to the street below. The bottom door opens outwards. Up close it looks like this:
It looks something like this:
floors open towards the staircase.
The air supply for pressurization in this case looks like this: a valve at the top of the staircase, installation on the roof.
The choice of measurement points is described in GOST; questions arise about the details.
The first inconvenience is the passage of the impulse tube. During testing, the door seems to be closed, so how do you get the tube through?
The most suitable place is marked in the picture. You need to make sure that the tube passes the pressure pulse.
In this case, a slight leak in the door ledge is possible, it has very little effect on the result, since in both test modes according to paragraph 4.4. sensitivity to small leaks is low. Although, of course, if in the second mode the pressure is at the lower limit, 20 Pa, then the opening needs to be sealed.
We measure the pressure, enter it into the log, and adjust it if necessary. Based on the final measurements, we draw up protocols. The second tube, not in the photo, in accordance with GOST sometimes needs to be moved away from the measuring point.
Tests are carried out in two modes:
The internal doors of the floors open towards the staircase.
, there is a lot of pressure in the stairwell.
When moving to testing in the first mode, with all doors closed, there is very high pressure in the stairwell.
We simply fulfill the requirements of GOST we move the elevator to the desired floor and open the doors.
On the adjacent floor we open the elevator door, for this you need a triangular key, or, as a last resort, combination pliers.
The arrow shows the lock for manually opening the elevator doors.
We measure the backwater. Based on the measurement results, we compact or decompact the elevator shaft or ventilation network.
That's all. Due to the clarity of pressure measurements, the difficulties are hidden in the details.
Registration of measurement results
Support in the elevator shaft
Acceptance tests of smoke protection systems are carried out upon acceptance into operation of newly constructed, reconstructed and repaired buildings, as well as upon completion of major and restoration repairs of smoke protection systems. Periodic tests are carried out in accordance with the technical and operational documentation of the building, but at least once a year. Acceptance and periodic testing of smoke protection systems for buildings must be carried out by specialized organizations licensed to carry out installation, repair, maintenance, and adjustment of these systems in the presence of representatives of the state fire inspection.
All measurements during aerodynamic tests must be carried out in compliance with the requirements of GOST 12.3.018. Before starting aerodynamic tests in the building, the situation specified in NPB 23-2000, paragraphs 4.2-4.4 is reproduced. All measurements during aerodynamic tests of smoke protection systems are performed no earlier than 15 minutes after the situation in the building according to paragraphs 4.2-4.4 is created. and turning on the fans of the smoke protection system.
When conducting aerodynamic tests, it is recommended to use the following measuring instruments:
combined pressure receiver - for measuring dynamic and total flow pressures at air speeds of more than 5 m/s and static pressures in steady flows;
differential pressure gauges - for recording pressure differences;
anemometer - for measuring air speeds less than 5 m/s; barometer - to measure pressure in the environment;
thermometer - for measuring air temperature;
psychrometer - for measuring air humidity;
tachometer - to determine the number of revolutions of the electric motor and fan shaft;
stopwatch - to determine time intervals during testing;
ruler - to determine the coordinates of pressure and velocity measurement points, geometric parameters of air ducts and smoke exhaust valves.
When carrying out tests, the aerodynamic characteristics of ventilation systems, excess static pressure in protected volumes (staircases, elevator shafts, elevator and staircase halls, airlocks), air flow rate removed through smoke valves directly from the premises, corridors (halls) on escape routes are determined , the flow rate (speed of movement) of air in the door when leaving the floor (room) on the evacuation route. The measurement locations for the listed controlled parameters are determined taking into account the requirements of GOST 12.3.018, the design solution of the smoke protection system and the space-planning solutions of the building.
The aerodynamic characteristics of ventilation systems and excess static pressures in the protected volumes of the building are determined using a combined pressure receiver and differential pressure gauge. Excess static pressure in protected volumes is measured in relation to the adjacent room (hall, corridor and other rooms), while static pressure receivers in these rooms are placed at the same height and located at a distance of at least 0.5 meters from the enclosing structures.
The speed of air movement in door openings, valve openings and other openings is determined using an anemometer.
A schematic diagram of measurements of the parameters of the smoke protection system and gas exchange on the floors of the building during operation of the smoke protection ventilation system is shown in Fig. 3.
Fig 3.
1 - smoke removal shaft, 2 - smoke-free stairwell of the second type (H2), 3 - elevator shafts, 4 - floor corridor, -> - directions of air flow.
The amount of excess static pressure in the protected volumes must be at least 20 Pa. The measured volumetric air flow rate removed from the room or corridor must be no less than the calculated value. The maximum pressure drop at the doors of escape routes should not exceed 150 Pa. Air flow supplied to airlock vestibules operating in case of fire from one open door into the corridor, hall or basement, should be determined by calculation or by air speed in the door opening (air speed must be at least 1.3 m/s).
Test results for smoke protection systems must contain:
full address, nature of use, departmental affiliation, series of standard building design (if available);
type of tests (acceptance or periodic);
a list of measuring instruments used during aerodynamic tests, indicating the serial number and date of verification (calibration);
a brief description of the smoke protection system, including information about its design and installed equipment;
diagrams of the smoke removal and supply ventilation system;
information about the technical condition of the smoke protection system at the time of testing;
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