Grammar basis sentences form the main members of the sentence ( subject and predicate). That is, the grammatical basis of a sentence (predicative basis, core) is the main part of the sentence, which consists of its main members: subject and predicate. See also introductory words..

Subject.

Remember!

Subject can be expressed not only by a noun or pronoun in nominative case, but also:

1) numeral, adjective and participle in I.P. as a noun; Seven (num.)one is not expected. All the past (adj. as a noun)I was just dreaming.

2) designs: Numeral / several, many, part, majority, minority + noun in R.P.; The prince had gathered in the hut a lot of people. Several ladies walked quickly up and down the platform. Some, every, much / adjective + of + noun in R.P.; Best of Students quickly solved this problem. Someone, something + adjective, participle as a noun; Something so insignificant tied in a scarf. Noun / pronoun + s + noun / pronoun in Tv.P. ( but only if the predicate is expressed by a plural verb!). Vanya and Iwent along the forest road ( plural predicate.). Annashe entered the room with her daughter in her arms (predicate in singular).

3) an infinitive, which names an action that does not occur in time. Livein a lordly way - this is a noble affair

Predicate.

In the Russian language there are three types of predicates. The following algorithm of actions will help you determine which type is represented in your proposal.

Distinguish!

If a sentence contains homogeneous predicates, then each of them should be considered separately.

Also watch the video presentation.

Clue.

1) Most often, the definition of a simple verbal predicate, expressed in more than one word, raises doubts:

I I will take part in the exhibition.

In this example I will take part– a complex form of the future tense, which is defined in syntax as a simple predicate. And the combination participate is a phraseological unity that can be replaced by the word I'm participating. Therefore, we have a simple verbal predicate.

Trap!

People often make the mistake of calling the following construction simple verbal predicates:

Everything in Moscow is imbued with poetry, punctuated with rhymes.

This error is due to two factors.

First, we must distinguish the short passive participle from the past tense verb form.

Remember!

Short participles have suffixes -T-, -N-, and the verb -L-. Means, soakedBut, puncturedTo- These are short passive participles.

Secondly, we have before us a predicate that is expressed in just one word, but what is it - simple or compound (see Morphological analysis of a word with examples)? Try adding some time adverb to the sentence, for example, at the beginning of the twentieth century, and see how these forms behave.

At the beginning of the twentieth century, everything in Moscow was imbued with poetry and punctuated with rhymes.

A bunch appears was and the predicate clearly becomes compound. The Russian language is not characterized by constructions in the present tense with a copula be. Agree, it sounds clearly foreign if we say: All in Moscow There is imbued with poetry, rhymes There is pierced.

Thus, if in a sentence you come across predicates, expressed short passive participles then you are dealing with compound nominal predicate.

Remember!

Words it is impossible, it is possible, it is necessary, it is necessary included in composite predicates.

To me need to get off at this stop.

Trap!

Be careful with your words to be, to appear, to appear, since by highlighting only them, you may miss another component of the predicate.

She seemed funny to me.Wrong!

If you only highlight words appeared, then the meaning of the sentence changes completely ( seemed = dreamed, dreamed, imagined).

Right: She seemed funny to me

Wrong: The teacher was strict (was = existed, lived).

Right: The teacher was strict.

Trap!

This task offers quite complex sentences for analysis and the answer options are very often similar to each other. What “traps” can you expect here?

1) Proposals can be compiled according to different models:

• subject + predicate;
• only predicate or subject (one-part sentences);
• subject + homogeneous predicates;
• homogeneous subjects + predicate.

The answer option may omit a subject, predicate, or one of the homogeneous subjects or predicates.

Remember!

The grammatical basis includes ALL the main parts of the sentence; omitting one of them is a clear mistake.

2) The answer option can combine the subject and predicate of different grammar basics.

3) The subject can only be in I.P.! Answer options with nouns, pronouns not in I.P. obviously incorrect (except for those cases when they are part of the predicate and without them the whole meaning of the sentence changes).

4) The answer option may contain a participle or participial phrase, which are never included in the grammatical basis.

Distinguish!

Designs should be distinguished verb + noun in V.P. And noun + passive participle.

The coordinates were calculated. ? The coordinates have been calculated.

IN first case coordinates is a noun in the accusative case that depends on the verb (i.e. addition), and in second is a nominative case form that agrees with the past participle (i.e. subject). If you change each of the designs, the differences will be visible. Let's put the predicates in each of the sentences in the singular form:

Calculated the coordinates. The coordinate has been calculated.

The subject and predicate always agree with each other, but the object remains unchanged.

5) Sometimes words which, which in complex sentences they are subjects.

[And shiny droplets crawled down his cheeks], (the kind that happen on windows when it rains). (what = droplets).

Analysis of the task.

1. Which combination of words is the grammatical basis in one of the sentences or in one of the parts complex sentence?

(1) So what is the difference between human and animal perception? (2) For an animal, only concrete things exist; its perception is inseparable from the real environment in which it lives and acts. (3) So, for example, the “TV version” of a dog means nothing to a cat. (4) Man, in the process of evolution, acquired the unique ability to create in his imagination ideal images of reality, but they no longer seem to be a direct copy of a specific thing. (5) Thanks to development cognitive activity, in particular, the processes of abstraction and generalization, a person can isolate any individual features of the object being studied, abstracting from all other, unimportant details. (6) Thus, a person has the ability to form a generalized image of a real thing, which allows him to see and recognize general signs and the qualities of various phenomena of reality.

1) perception is (sentence 2)

2) acquired the ability (sentence 4)

3) they do not appear to be a cast (sentence 4)

4) which allows you to see (sentence 6)

Option #1 is not a grammatical basis, since here the predicate is not fully represented, which distorts the meaning of the entire sentence (perception is = in the meaning “comes, arrives somewhere for some reason”). See point 3 in the “Predicate” section.

Option No. 2 is also incorrect because it lacks a subject. Who acquired the ability? In sentence 4 the subject is the word Human.

Option No. 3 true, although at first glance it seems wrong. The authors of the task are deliberately trying to confuse us. Although the word cast is not in the I.P. form, but it is part of the predicate, since without it the logic of the story is lost. They don’t introduce themselves = The images don’t give their names?!

Option No. 4 incorrect . The subject is highlighted correctly. Word which, as we have already said, can be subject. In the subordinate clause it is replaced by the word image and performs the same functions, that is, it is the subject. But the predicate is not fully represented. In the sentence it is - allows you to see and recognize.

So way, the student who chooses option 3 will be right.

2. What words are the grammatical basis in the sixth (6) sentence of the text?

(1)… (2) They are united by one desire - to know. (3) And their ages are different, and their professions are very different, and their level of knowledge is completely different, but everyone tried to know more than they already know. (4) This expressed the need of millions and millions of people who greedily absorbed all the secrets of the world, all the knowledge and skills accumulated by mankind. (5) Library visitors either studied somewhere or dreamed of studying. (6) They all needed books, but when they came to the library, they got lost in the ocean of books. (7) ... (According to K. Chukovsky).

1) books were needed, they were lost

2) they needed it, they were lost

3) books were needed, when they came here they got lost

4) books were needed, they were lost in the ocean

The correct one is Option 1, since in other variants the second ones included minor members of the sentence in the base: in the second, the word is superfluous them (addition, stands in D.P.), in the third there is an adverbial phrase that is not part of the basis of the sentence, and in the fourth there is an adverbial phrase in the ocean.

3. What combination of words is the grammatical basis in one of the sentences (or part of it)?

(1)... (2) She will die of hunger if the gates are strong and no one opens them, but does not think of moving away from the gates and pulling them towards themselves. (3) Only a person understands that you have to be patient, work hard and do something you don’t want in order for what you want to happen. (4) A person can restrain himself, not eat, not drink, not sleep only because he knows what is good and should be done and what is bad and should not be done, and this is taught to a person by his ability to think. (5) Some people increase it in themselves, others do not. (6)…

1) she will die (sentence 2)

2) what you want (sentence 3)

3) what is good and should be done (sentence 4)

4) teaches ability (sentence 4)

This is a task of increased difficulty.

Option #1 incorrect, since not all predicates are indicated by the authors. The sentence has a rather difficult structure to analyze. It is complex with a subordinate clause that is wedged between two homogeneous predicates. Therefore, you may not notice that the basis she will die must also include a predicate won’t think to step back and pull.

Option No. 2 is also excluded. Verb I want to is impersonal and there cannot be a subject with it.

Option No. 3 similar to the previous one. This sentence is also impersonal. Word must in dictionaries it is defined as a category of state that is used in sentences without a subject.

True is Option 4.

Grammar basis: subject and predicate

Task formulation:

Write down the grammatical basis of sentence 22. Because at our school they are creating a museum for the Great Victory Day.

Correct answer: create What you need to know:

The concept of the grammatical basis of a sentence

Difficulties in determining the subject

Difficulties in determining the predicate

Task 8 is related to task 11 of the OGE in Russian, which requires you to indicate the number of grammatical stems in a complex sentence. Considering the specifics of task 8, where you need to write out the grammatical basis, we will not analyze the theoretical material in detail, but will consider the main “pitfalls” that you can come across when determining the grammatical basis of sentences.

The grammatical basis of a sentence

GRAMMAR BASIS- this is the basis, core or main part of the sentence, which consists of its main members: subject and predicate: An old man grew under the window oak, which in the summer heat it gave silence and coolness. Core sentence: the oak tree that gave

Difficulties in determining the subject

To correctly highlight the subject, we must remember that

subject denotes actor(subject) and answers the question Who? What? Words ME, YOU, HER, US, YOU, HIM, THEM answer the question to whom? and subject are not:To me don't like this onecolor . (in this sentence the subject iscolor .

because he performs the action); in the subordinate part of a complex sentence, the role of the subject is often played by allied wordsWHICH, WHICH, WHICH, WHICH, WHAT:Book, whichlay on the table, was open.(in the subordinate clause, the object performing the action is called the word which - this is the subject);You never know, What

a word with a quantitative meaning + a noun in the genitive case: Several people came to the lecture later. There was a shelffive books. About a thousand offers received by the newspaper from readers:

the subject can be expressed a word in the nominative case + IZ + a word in the genitive case:Each of us I wanted to become an excellent student.Many of the critics assessed the manuscript fairly;

the subject can be expressed a word in the nominative case + C + a word in the instrumental case (if the predicate is in the plural form):Tamara and I we go as a couple;

​the subject can be expressed a proper name consisting of several words:Black Sea Very beautiful.

To correctly highlight the predicate, we must remember that

The predicate denotes the action of the subject and answers the questions: what does the item do? what is the subject? what it is?;

the predicate can be simple or compound;

Difficulties in determining the predicate

Simple verb predicate

​Can be expressed:

verb in the indicative, imperative or conditional mood: I I'm drawing . Draw anything.Let's anythingdraw . Let him draw anything.I would draw anything.She Nothingdidn't draw . Please note: particles COME ON, LET IT BE, NOT are part of the predicate, even if there are other words between them and the verb;

​​phraseology or descriptive phrase:Two students counted crows all day(= idle).HeI took part in the population census(= participated);

verb in the future tense: Each of us will read book. Shewon't work to the cinema.

Compound verb predicate

Can be expressed:

auxiliary verbwith the meaning of the beginning, end, continuation of an action + infinitive:Hiskept asking sing another song(= asked). He started to worry about the exam(= worried). My brother and I finished writing letter(= wrote);

​auxiliary verbwith the meaning of desire, opportunity, desire for action + infinitive:Tatyana Larina I dreamed of seeing you with Evgeniy.I I would like to pass exam.He strives to enter to university.Alexei could betterstudy;

​auxiliary verbwith the meaning of thoughts, feelings + infinitive:He I was afraid of being late to school.Me and mom we don't like to travel . Relatives were expecting to come to visit;

​short adjective HAPPY, MUST, ABLE, OBLIGATED, READY, INTENT, AGREE, FORCED + infinitive:We were ready to come to the meeting.I obliged to inform about what happened.He intends to win party;

​words MUST, NECESSARY, NECESSARY + infinitive:To menecessary betterprepare for the exam. To meI had to go away .​

​When is the infinitive not part of the predicate?

it is necessary to take into account the meaning of the predicate: They will start preparing for exams. (In this sentence, only the word “will begin” cannot be singled out as a predicate, since it does not name the main action that “they” perform.WhenAndrey will finish work,Igor onlywill start . IN this proposal the verbs “will finish” and “begin” acquire the meaning of independent actions and are simple verbal predicates;

​ if the verb and the infinitive denote the actions of different persons, then we have a simple verbal predicate. The infinitive must have the meaning of expression of will (to ask, beg, order, persuade):Hisasked to write an application.Predicate hereasked , and the word "write" is an addition (askedabout what? write);

​if the infinitive depends on the verb of movement, then we have a simple verbal predicate and an adverbial goal:He came find out about your aunt's health.(camefor what purpose? to know);

​if you can add to the infinitive question WHAT?, then we have an inconsistent definition, and not part of the predicate:ABOUThota wanderattacked on him.(huntingwhich? wander).

Compound nominal predicate

Can be expressed:

the linking verb BE (IS, WILL, WILL BE, WOULD BE, LET BE and other forms) and the nominal part (noun, adjective, numeral name, pronoun, participle, adverb): Brother soonwill be a student;

linking verb TO BE, TO SEEM, TO BECOME, TO BECOME, TO LOOK, TO BE MADE, TO BE CONSIDERED, TO BE and the nominal part: Sheappeared herebyprofessional in your area. Childlooked absolutelyconfused .Sun .

seemed reda linking verb with the meaning of movement, position in space + a nominal part:Autumn it came rainy.Dog

lay calm.

How to distinguish a simple verbal predicate from a linking verb?Compare offers:Anya seemed upset(= was upset) andIn the distance seemedvillage(= appeared, saw). Obviously, in the first example we have compound nominal predicate with copula verb, and in the second example the verb “seemed” receives a full lexical meaning and can only be replaced by another full verb, therefore, is simple verbal predicate. More examples: Mom became thoughtful(= became thoughtful, thoughtful) andAfter a broken item it won't happenby itself

(= will not be repaired).

A9 (A8). Offer. The grammatical basis of the sentence. Subject and predicate as the main parts of a sentence.

A8 (A7). Means of connecting sentences in the text.

A6 (A26). Replacing the attributive clause with a participial phrase.

IT IS FORBIDDEN replace:

1) if the conjunction word which used in the indirect case with or without a preposition

2) predicate in subordinate clause used in the future tense

3) the predicate in the subordinate clause is used in the form of the conditional mood (there is a particle BY)

4) the predicate in the subordinate clause is expressed by the infinitive form of the verb (infinitive)

5) in the main part of a complex sentence there is an indicative word ( that one or its form: that, then, those, that, those, such, such etc.)

A7 (A6). Text. Semantic and compositional integrity of the text. Read the text. Choose the option that is closest to the content of the text and reflects its topic.

The grammatical basis of a sentence is a subject and a predicate. I determine the grammatical basis as follows: I find the predicate (the main information of the sentence, the core of the message), I ask a double question from it: WHO? WHAT? (the subject is the object of speech, that is, who or what is being reported). I remember that predicates can be compound (consist of two components). I determine the basis of the sentence and choose correct option answer.

One grammatical basis - the sentence is SIMPLE!

Two or more grammatical stems – a COMPLEX sentence!

See how parts of a complex sentence are connected:

WITHOUT CONJUNCTION = UNIONLESS DIFFICULT SENTENCE;

COORDINATING CONJUNCTION (and, yes(=and), and, but, yes(=but), but, however, or, either, then...that, not that...not that) = COMPOUND SENTENCE (provided that the conjunction is between two grammatical stems);

SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION (because, since, in view of the fact that, in order to, in order that, when, only, only, while, barely, if, if, once, as quickly, as, as if, as if, exactly, that, so that, despite the fact that, although... etc.) or CONJUNCT WORD (who, what, which, whose, which, how many, where, where, when, from where, how) = COMPLEX OFFER.

Check what the semantic relationships are between the parts of a complex sentence:

In compound and non-union proposals parts are equal in meaning, each part can be a simple sentence, if you put a dot after it (in the SSP there is a union between the parts, in the BSP there is no union). In a complex sentence, the parts depend on each other: the subordinate clause is subordinate to the main clause, they cannot be divided by a period into two simple sentences.

Grammatical basics of a complex sentence

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Task formulation:

Indicate the number of grammatical bases in sentence 51. Write the answer in numbers:
(51) Anna Fedotovna closed her blind eyes and listened intently, but her soul was silent, and her son’s voice no longer sounded in her.

Correct answer: 3

A comment: 1st basis - Anna Fedotovna closed her eyes and listened; 2nd - the soul was silent; 3rd - the voice did not sound.

Task 11 related to task 8OGE in Russian, in which you need to write out the grammatical basis. Therefore, you should first repeat assignment material 8 (Link will open in a new window). Taking into account the specifics of task 11, your main task is to count the number of stems in a sentence. Therefore, in this article we will consider the theoretical material in more detail.

What you need to know:

Subject

SUBJECT- This main member sentences denoting an object, the action or attribute of which is expressed by a predicate, and answering the questions “who?”, “what?”. You can ask a question that will help you in any situation: “Who (or what) is doing the action?” When parsing a sentence, the subject is emphasized by one line.

Most often, the subject is expressed by a noun or personal pronoun in the nominative case (I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they).

Example: The book was lying on the table. In this sentence the subject is - book. She was lying on the table. In this sentence the subject is - she.

The subject can be:

1. any part of speech used in the meaning of a noun: Smart won't go uphill smart will go around the mountain(adjective meaning noun). Asleep didn't notice that the train had left for the depot (participle as a noun) They walked towards him three (numeral).

2. infinitive form of the verb: Observe Birdwatching is our cat’s favorite pastime.

3. pronouns of other categories (relative-interrogative, attributive, demonstrative) in the nominative case: Who feed the cat? You can't help but love a cat which lives in our house.

Subject expressed by phrase

The subject can be expressed as integral in meaning phrase:

1. proper name: At first sight Maria Sergeevna he didn't like it, Black Sea Wonderful;

2. a stable combination of words: Ugly duck was actually a swan. Railway goes along the shore of the Black Sea;

3. phraseological unit: Disservice in the form of a cheat sheet planted by a friend, prevented him from passing the exam the first time;

4. combination of a numeral with a noun in the genitive case:Sitting on the bench three old men ;

5. a combination of a noun that has a quantitative meaning (most, row, part, etc.) with a noun in the genitive case: Part of the class went on an excursion;

6. a combination of an adjective, numeral or pronoun in the nominative case and a noun in the genitive case with a preposition from: Each of us wanted to become an excellent student;

7. combination of an indefinite pronoun with an adjective: Each of us has something special;

8. a combination of a noun or pronoun in the form of the nominative case with a noun or pronoun in the form of the instrumental case with the preposition with: Tamara and I We go as a couple. (A. Barto)

In all these cases, the subject is the entire phrase, and not individual words in its composition.

Note

1. It is necessary to distinguish nouns in the accusative case (they answer the questions “who?”, “What?” and are dependent words, acting as complements in a sentence) from nouns in the nominative case (they answer the questions “who?”, “what?” and act as the subject).

Example: The wind shakes the ear. In this sentence, two words answer the question “what?”: wind and ear. But only the word wind is the subject, because it correlates with the predicate, therefore, it is in the nominative case. And the word ear is an addition. All new interested in young people. The subject here is “everything new,” since its action is interesting. And the word youth is an addition.

2. There are sentences that have no subject. These are two-part incomplete or one-part sentences.

Example: It blew from somewhere. To me gave the opportunity fix the two.

Predicate

PREDICATE- this is the main member of the sentence, denoting an action or attribute of the subject and answering the questions “what does it do?” or “what uhIs that what it is?” When parsing a sentence, the predicate is emphasized by two features.

Example: The guys emphasized the predicate with two features

At school, three types of predicates are studied: simple verb, compound verb, compound nominal.

Simple verb predicate

A simple verbal predicate can be expressed:

1. With one verb in the form of the indicative, imperative or conditional mood: Masha does his homework. Masha doesn't do her homework (negative particle Not is always part of the predicate). Masha will do her homework. (will do is a compound form of the future tense of the verb do.) Do your homework! Let him do his homework (let him do - this is the imperative mood, formed with the help of the particle let and the 3rd singular form of the verb). Masha would do her homework if she felt well (would do - this is a form of the verb in the conditional mood).

2. A stable combination of verb character: The student came to the conclusion (= understood) that the predicate consists of several words. I I will take part(= will participate) in testing.

3. Phraseologism (in such cases, the predicate is the entire phraseological unit as a whole, and not individual words included in the phraseological unit) : Enough of the bullshit! (= to idle). Rivals often put a spoke in each other's wheels (= get in the way).

Compound verb predicate

A compound verb predicate can consist of:

1. An auxiliary verb denoting the beginning, continuation or end of an action, and an indefinite form of the verb: Wind continued to howl. I started studying literary theory.

2. An auxiliary verb denoting the desire, opportunity, ability or intention to perform an action, and the indefinite form of the verb:Mom wants to go to the sea.

3. Short form adjective (glad, must, obliged, ready, etc.) and an indefinite form of the verb : Everyone should study well. Children able to rejoice life. I was glad to help you.

4. Stable combination and indefinite verb form A:I didn't feel like going for a walk down the street in such cold weather.

5. Predicative adverbs: it is possible, it is impossible, it is necessary, it is necessary, it is necessary and the indefinite form of the verb: I need to finish the job. You can't help but think about future. Sometimes need to think not only about myself. It was necessary to tell about this right away.

Note

A compound verb predicate always contains an infinitive form of the verb. At the same time, the indefinite form of the verb is not always part of the predicate.

Etc imer:
- Vasya began to sing.
- Petya asked Vasya

sing more quietly.
In the first sentence, sing is part of a compound verbal predicate, and in the second it is an addition (asked for what?).
I want to rest. She sat down (for what purpose?) to rest

Compound nominal predicate

A compound nominal predicate can consist of:

1. Linking verbs and nouns, adjectives, participles, adverbs, pronouns, etc.: The sky was gloomy. Outside the window it was getting dark. Sun on the horizon seemed huge. Sea it was blue.

2. Noun, adjective, participle, adverb, pronoun, etc. and zero connective: He doctor (he is a doctor). Mom is an engineer (mother is an engineer). Walking in the fresh air is useful (is useful). Although the predicate in these examples consists of one word, it is still called a compound noun.

Complicated compound nominal predicate:

I I want to become a doctor.

In this case, the predicate consists of the union of two predicates: a compound nominal ( To become a doctor) and compound verb ( I want to be). Sometimes such a predicate is called complex or mixed.

I should have become a doctor.

In this case, the predicate can be represented as combination of three predicates: compound nominal ( had), compound verb ( should have been) and compound nominal ( To become a doctor).

Note

If you are looking for the grammatical basis of a sentence, check

A) Is the predicate compound? If you are dealing with a compound predicate, then the predicate includes both an auxiliary verb and a main semantic verb or other part of speech.

b) whether the predicate is expressed by a stable combination or phraseological unit. In this case, all words in a stable combination or phraseological unit are included in the predicate.

Particles in the predicate

The predicate contains some particles. The most common of them is the particle Not.

I I don't like fatalities.
I never get tired of life.
I don't like any time of year
When I don't sing happy songs. (V. Vysotsky)

Modal particles ( yes, let, let, come on, come on, it was as if, as if, as if, as if, exactly, hardly, almost, just etc.) are also included in the predicate.

let's talk compliment each other. (B. Okudzhava)

Let them talk!

He almost cried from resentment.

In addition, the predicate includes particles so, yes, know (to yourself), well, so and to yourself.

Well you I'm so late I'm so late, I've been waiting for half an hour already. (As a rule, the verb is repeated like this with a particle.)

There is noise and commotion in the house, but our cat is asleep.

Grammar basis

The subject and predicate together form the grammatical basis of a sentence.

The grammatical basis of a sentence - the main part of a sentence, consisting of its main members: subject and predicate or one of them.

Each of us wanted to become more educated. The grammatical basis in this sentence is each of us wanted to become more educated.

Sometimes a sentence may only have a subject or only a predicate. Then the sentence is one-part.

A sentence may have several homogeneous subjects or several homogeneous predicates. In this case, they are all included in the grammatical basis.

How boys, so girls passed the sports standards. (Boys, girls are homogeneous subjects). Trees in a large forest during a storm moan, are crackling, break down. (Moan, crack, break - homogeneous predicates).

51 Indicate the number of grammatical bases in the sentence. Why can’t I do it the way I want on this day?

52 Indicate the number of grammatical bases in the sentence. It turns out that if it was hard for us, then let it be the same for them?

53 Indicate the number of grammatical bases in the sentence. I immediately reached for the saber, then played with the glass, but I didn’t want to touch anything else.

54 Write down the grammatical basis of the sentence.B art school organized a meeting with the famous master of painting.

55 Indicate the number of grammatical bases in the sentence. Dinka sat silently at the table, absently smiled at Lena, not noticing that he had been watching her for a long time with a restless gaze.

56 Indicate the number of grammatical bases in a sentence. I once heard on the radio that if there are several children in a family, it is not good to single out one of them.

57 Write down the grammatical basis of the sentence. They didn’t promise me anything.

58 Indicate the number of grammatical bases in the sentence. Then all five rushed to the sides, Lyovka rose to his feet, and in his hand he held a scarecrow, which shot with special percussion caps.

59 Indicate the number of grammatical bases in the sentence. Lucy herself slowly drew, but we only saw her headlines in the school humor magazine, which, at Olya’s suggestion, was called “Baby Talk.”

60 Write down the grammatical basis of the sentence. This means that father and mother wrote after their morning run and before work.

61 Write down the grammatical basis of the sentence. To her, you see, her own whim is more valuable.

62 Write down the grammatical basis of the sentence. My mother and I moved to this house recently.

63 Indicate the number of grammatical bases in the sentence (24) As soon as the sounds of the violin began to flow, Dinky’s fear passed.

64 Indicate the number of grammatical bases in the sentence. I wanted a friend to appear.

65 Indicate the number of grammatical bases in the sentence. The grandmother was very upset, but then said that her grandson’s first failure just speaks of his extraordinary talent: Chaliapin was also not accepted into the choir in his youth.

66 Write down the grammatical basis of the sentence. Tell me, Vanya.

67 Indicate the number of grammatical bases in a sentence. And I remembered how terrible it was when Keith and I chose each other at the Bird Market...

68 Indicate the number of grammatical bases in a sentence. As a child, I tried very, very hard to love the theater, as I was told: after all, this is Great Art, a Temple.

69 Indicate the number of grammatical bases in the sentence. The man came from shepherds, studied for decades on black bread and water, so much work was put into each board, sleepless nights, human torment, talent...”

70 Write down the grammatical basis of the sentence. Tolya really liked running to school in the rain.

71 Write down the grammatical basis of the sentence. Unfortunately, nothing came of it average history.

72 Write down the grammatical basis of the sentence. Even for C grades brought home from school, they don’t scold me.

73 Write down the grammatical basis of the sentence. There will be no secrets told to the faithful childhood friend Khokholka.

74 Write down the grammatical basis of the sentence. You need to understand this!

around the Sun.

B. On the way we cross twelve months, like twelve different countries.

IN. We fly on our Earth as if on a huge rocket.

G. Green summer, golden autumn, white winter, and azure spring float by.

A1 In what order should the sentences appear to form a text?

2) A, B, B, D

4) A, B, D, B

A2 Find a sentence that matches the characteristic: declarative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, common, with homogeneous members .

1)A 2)B 3)C 4)D

A3Which word has incorrectly defined morphological characteristics?

1) Earth - noun, proper, 1st declension.

2) We're flying - verb, imperfect form, 1st conjugation.

3) We - personal pronoun, 1-gb person, plural.

4) (On) huge - adjective, in full form, relative.

A4 Indicate the sentence with a punctuation error.

1)A 2)B 3)C 4) D

A5 In which row is the letter o written in all words?

1) k...sat, nag...r, r...stov

2) inconsistency.. .demand, s.. .wounding, ra.. .seller

3) loosening... loosening, growing... growing, tantalizing

4) wait... to fight, to... sleep, grow...

A6Find the misspelled word.

1) bless

2) cloudless

3) prehistory

4) disappear

A7In which row is the same letter missing?

1) pr...baltika, pr...tensiya, pr...miracle

2) charming... flattering, pr... hail, prolong... to overcome

3) pr.. .habit, pr.. .kind, pr.. .people

4) stop, knit...knit, prepare...cook

A8 Which word contains the letter e?

1) dedication

2) disrespectful

3) humidifier...

4) you...take off

A9 Choose a phraseological unit that means “a person with a very bad memory.”

1) flighty head

2) garden head

3) holey head

4) head stuffed with straw

A10 Indicate the word with a zero ending.

2) discipline

3) kayak

A11In what order are all the words professionalism?

1) artist, piloting, hangar

2) crisis, finance, declaration

3) landscape, relief, plain

4) etymology, linguistics, word

A12 In which row are all words the same root?

1) conversation, demon, talk

2) mountain, grieve, mountainous

3) water, watery, watery

4) famous, banner, celebrity

A13 Which word contains an unpronounceable consonant?

1) wood...

2) verbal

3) famous

4) her body...

A14 In which phrase is the word used in its literal meaning? research institute ?

1) broad-minded

2) general public

3) wide street

4) wide popularity

A15 In which line is the letter e written in all words?

1) in rage..., oh time..., frozen...sh, find out...

2) in other..., to freedom..., pull...t, blossom...t

3) on alarms..., on cars..., walking...t, foaming...

4) about tenderness..., in the seed..., overtaking...sh, alarming...t

A16 In which sentence is there a punctuation error?

1) Near the sanatorium there is a lake, and a stream flows out of it.

2) How many times have they told the world that flattery is vile and harmful.

3) Don’t do anything rashly.

4) The warm sun walks high and awaits the fragrant lily of the valley.

A17 Specify the sentence in which you need to put a dash (no punctuation marks).

1) The night is quiet and moonless.

2) Good taste is, first of all, a sense of proportion.

3) Truth does not burn in fire and does not sink in water.

4) The blacksmith Arkhip said everything is fine now, it burns well.

A18 Find a sentence with direct speech (no punctuation marks).

1) I told you that today there will be bad weather.

2) You were transferred here from the city.

3) Kazbich impatiently interrupted him: where should you ride my horse?

4) Paustovsky argued that the Russian language has a great variety good words.

Read the text and complete tasks A19 – A21, B1-B5, C

(1) I sat on the terrace and looked down at the blue sea, stretching to the horizon like a living veil.

(2) The lush summer sun was setting behind the mountains, but the shadows lay only below.

(3) The deserted sea, on which only occasionally a black sea steamer slowly passed, seemed lifeless and deserted to me, the eternal sighs of the surf echoed in my heart with anguished, melancholy pain.

(4) Rocky, gray, devoid of vegetation mountains towered overhead, crushing the soul with their stone weight.(5) It seemed to me that fate had driven me to the edge of the earth, on which I was sitting, my legs dangling into the sea, and that I was about to throw myself there in inexplicable melancholy.

(6) The gold of the sun's colors has faded.(7) The shadows under the mountain spread faster, falling onto the rhythmically sighing, saddened sea, its bright azure darkened.(8) The entire shore was enveloped in its soft embrace by the subtle sadness of the evening.

.

A19 Which statement contradicts the author's point of view?

1) The sea seemed lifeless.

2) Black ledges rose overhead.

3) The gold of the colors faded.

4) The sea sighed rhythmically.

A20 Indicate what the phrase “subtle sadness” is (sentence 8).

1) personification

2)hyperbole

3) metaphor

A21 Determine the style and type of speech.

1) journalistic, reasoning

2) artistic, reasoning

3) artistic, description

4) journalistic, description

Part 2

Write down the answers to tasks B1 – B3 in word(s)

IN 1 Name the part of speech to which the word belongs faded(sentence 6).

AT 2 From sentence 5, write down the relative pronoun.

AT 3 From sentence 8, write down the grammatical basis.

Write down the answers to tasks 64 - Q5 in numbers How many grammatical stems are there in a sentence? Everything you touch is dry and warm: old and empty for a long time

pine cones, transparent and crackling like parchment, films of young pine bark, stumps heated to the core, each branch, rough and fragrant.