How many inhabitants are there in the city? Rural and urban population of Russia: population census data

Scattered all over the place big country. Cities with a population of over a million are the center of attraction for millions of tourists from all over the world, migrants, students and workers. Population statistics are compiled from the annual population census by RosStat. It is worth noting that the population includes only citizens who permanently reside in the territory of a particular city. The following are the most populated cities in Russia.

1. Moscow

Moscow is the largest city in Russia both in terms of population and area. A population of 12,330,126 people inhabits both sides of the city’s waterway, the Moscow River. The capital of the state, Moscow, is the most multinational city in Russia: migrants, students, workers and tourists come here from all over the country.

Ten facts about Moscow:

• a major international center of economics and trade;
• large industrial hub countries;
• one of the best and largest educational centers for Russian and foreign students;
• a large number of research institutes are located in Moscow;
• more than 50 directions in religion;
• a large cultural and historical center of the European part of Russia;
• largest transport interchange countries: 3 river ports (Moscow in Soviet times was called the “port of 5 seas”), 9 railway stations, 5 airports with directions to all corners of the planet;
• Moscow is the “zero kilometer”, all roads lead here;
• tourist center of the country;
• the capital is one of the top five cities in the world in terms of the number of dollar billionaires living there.

Petrograd, also known as Leningrad or St. Petersburg in short, is located along the sovereign course of the Neva River and its coastal granite. Many poems have been written about the beautiful city located between Ladoga and the Neva Bay of the Gulf of Finland, near the Baltic Sea. This Big city shrouded in secrets and legends. Walking along its streets, you walk along the streets of Dostoevsky, Gogol or Tsvetaeva. Populationis 5,225,690 people with a population density of 3,631 people. per square kilometer at total area city ​​1439 km².

Ten facts about St. Petersburg:

• northern Venice is the second name of the northern capital due to huge amount large and small rivers, tributaries and canals and similarities with Venetian streets;
• St. Petersburg is listed in the Red Book for the total length of tram tracks within the city - 600 kilometers;
• the deepest metro in the world, the depth of some stations reaches 80 meters;
• “White Nights” is one of the main attractions that attracts tourists to the cultural capital;
• in St. Petersburg there is the tallest cathedral in Russia - the Peter and Paul Cathedral, whose spire height is 122.5 meters;
• The Hermitage is a world-famous museum that attracts tourists from all over the world, its corridors are 20 kilometers long, and a tourist who wants to get acquainted with all the exhibits of the museum will need several years to complete this mission;
• The question that every tourist in the city asks is what is the total number of bridges in St. Petersburg? 447, this is the number in the register of the Mostotrest company, which services the city’s bridges;
• Peterhof is an engineering marvel. Fountain Park, which was laid out in the times of Peter the Great, but to this day none of the fountains has a pumping installation, but only a carefully designed pipeline;
• Peter “chooses” residents for himself, and not the resident chooses him. Not every person can withstand the damp and humid climate of the city, which is at times very gray and foggy;
• The architecture of St. Petersburg is similar to the architecture of neighboring countries of the European Union - Tallinn on the Estonian side and Helsinki on the Finnish side.

3. Novosibirsk

The city was awarded last place in the top three most populated cities in Russia. It is the center of Siberian industry and trade, research and educational activities, cultural, business and tourism spheres of the district. The Siberian capital is home to 1,584,138 people, while the city area is only 505 km².

Novosibirsk is a city with a very developed infrastructure and economy, and it is a point of attraction for those migrating from nearby cities, regions, republics and even neighboring states.

Five interesting facts about Novosibirsk:

• The longest metro bridge is located in the capital of the Siberian Federal District;
• the Opera and Ballet Theater in Novosibirsk is a theatrical building that is the first largest in Russia and the second in the world;
• Planning Street is both parallel and perpendicular to itself, forming 2 intersections;
• the only museum of the Sun in Russia is located in the city;
• Novosibirsk Akademgorodok is a large educational and research center in the Siberian Federal District.

4. Ekaterinburg

Ekaterinburg, formerly Sverdlovsk, ranks 4th among Russian cities with a population exceeding one million people (1,444,439 people with a total city area of ​​1,142 square kilometers). The Trans-Siberian Railway and six major highways pass through this huge transport and sorting center, which occupies a huge niche in Russian logistics. Yekaterinburg is an industrial city with developed industry in a variety of fields, from optical-mechanical to light and food industries.

5. Nizhny Novgorod

Gorky until 1990, or “Nizhny” in common parlance, was a million-plus city and an auto giant in the Volga Federal District. Founded during the time of Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich, Nizhny Novgorod, stretching on both sides of the Oka, today has a population of 1,266,871 people and is the fifth largest city in Russia. The city's area is only 410 km², but a large seaport, Russia's largest automobile manufacturing plant, a concern engaged in the manufacture and production of military equipment, an aircraft plant and a shipbuilding plant are concentrated here. In addition to its industrial development, Nizhny Novgorod is famous for its Kremlin and extraordinary architecture. This is a wonderful city for tourism. Even the most experienced traveler will be delighted with the beauty of Nizhny Novgorod.

The city has an area of ​​425 square kilometers with a population of 1,216,965 people and a population density of 2,863 people per square kilometer. The capital of Tatarstan has its own Kremlin and a fairly rich architectural heritage, which encourages tourism among Russians and foreign residents. Kazan is not just a beautiful and big city, but also the center international trade and economics, education, tourism with an interesting historical past.

The population of Chelyabinsk is 1,191,994 people per 530 square kilometers, which in terms of density is 2,379 people per square kilometer. “The Harsh City,” as it is jokingly called, has a lot of funny stories and facts: the meteorological Hyperion brick, Kaganovichgrad, the forest in the city center, the Chelyabinsk meteorite, Stalin in the Chelyabinsk prison... Are you interested? Then it's time to go to Chelyabinsk on an excursion!

An important and fairly large industrial and transport center, where a well-known oil refinery is located both in Russia and abroad. The significant city of Omsk for tourists: Uspensky Cathedral for foreigners to be included in the list of “main attractions in the world”, and the Vatican includes the Okunevsky Sanctuary among the holy places of world significance. The population of the administrative center-capital of the Omsk region is 1,178,079, while the area of ​​Omsk is only 572.9,572 km².

The millionaire city, which previously had the name Kuibyshev, is known for its historically important places that have become tourist attractions: the Iversky Convent, the Lutheran Church, catholic church The Sacred Heart of Jesus, Cathedral Square - now Kuibyshev Square - is the first in size in Europe and the fifth in the world. Every year, hundreds of thousands of residents of the country come here to the Grushinsky Festival of Bard Song. A population of 1,170,910 people lives in the city, whose area is 382 sq. km.

10. Rostov-on-Don

Rostov, popularly called “Rostov-papa”, is a city of federal significance in the south of Russia. It is big, beautiful, noisy. The phrase “Rostov-papa, Odessa-mama” often hurts the ear - this is a historically established expression - both cities were criminal capitals competing with each other. With a rather small city area of ​​348 square kilometers, the population of Rostov is 1,119,875 people. and ranks 10th in the ranking of the largest cities in Russia by population.

List of cities in the world by population with a population of more than 4 million people as of January 2015. There are 3 cities with a population of more than 20 million people and 16 cities with a population of more than 10 million people. The largest cities are Shanghai (24,150,000 people), Karachi (23,500,000) and Beijing (21,150,000). Among the largest cities there are two Russian ones: Moscow (10th place) and St. Petersburg (43rd place). The table shows the population of cities excluding suburbs.

Cities by population

In the section on the question at what population size is city status assigned? given by the author Separate yourself the best answer is
Source:

Answer from Iadomir Piglitsin[master]
In Russia, a settlement can acquire the status of a city if it is home to at least 12 thousand inhabitants and at least 85% of the population is employed outside agriculture.

Answer from pregnant[newbie]
In Russia, a settlement can acquire the status of a city if it is home to at least 12 thousand inhabitants and at least 85% of the population is employed outside agriculture. However, in Russia there are quite a lot (208 out of 1092) cities with a population of less than 12 thousand people. Their city status is associated with historical factors, as well as with changes in the population of settlements that already had city status. On the other hand, some settlements that meet these requirements do not seek to obtain city status, so as not to lose certain benefits.
Source: Wikipedia

Answer from Oleg Abarnikov[guru]
IN different countries differently. In Russia, the approximate threshold is 12 thousand, but the functional-sectoral structure of the city must correspond to this status, i.e. the majority of the population should not be involved in agriculture, and in industry, services, tertiary, quaternary sectors of the economy.
In other countries, the criteria generally differ radically. Thus, in Australia, a settlement with 250 inhabitants can also receive city status (in addition, we remember that in English language“city” can be expressed in several words - city - large city, town - small town, etc.), in the USA there are states with approximately the same requirements, and there are those, like Wyoming, where town status will be given to a city with a population of at least 4 thousand inhabitants. On the other hand, in India, if a settlement has not reached 20 thousand inhabitants, then it is considered a village :) In Japan, the threshold is generally 30 thousand.

Answer from chevron[guru]
There are at least 10,000 people in Ukraine.

Answer from Antonov Konstantin[active]
In Russia with a population >12000

Answer from Kate[active]
In Russia, a settlement can acquire the status of a city if it is home to at least 12 thousand inhabitants and at least 85% of the population is employed outside agriculture. However, in Russia there are quite a lot (208 out of 1092) cities with a population of less than 12 thousand people. Their city status is associated with historical factors, as well as with changes in the population of settlements that already had city status. On the other hand, some settlements that meet these requirements do not seek to obtain city status, so as not to lose certain benefits.

Moscow, July 19 - “News. Economy". Every year the population of Russian cities is increasing. Demographics is one of the main economic indicators urban development, so it is important to monitor the dynamics of population changes. INNOV has prepared a list of the largest cities in Russia. The population of cities was used as the main indicator. According to Rosstat, in Russia big cities can be divided into several groups according to population size. Among them are cities with a population of 1.5 million to 500 thousand inhabitants (15 cities), 43 cities with a population of 500 thousand to 250 thousand inhabitants, and 90 cities with a population of 250 thousand to 100 thousand people. Below we present the top 10 largest cities in Russia. 1. Moscow

Population (as of January 1, 2016): 12,330,126 Change since 2015: +1.09% Moscow - capital Russian Federation, a city of federal significance, the administrative center of Central federal district and the center of the Moscow region, which it is not part of. The largest city in Russia by population and its subject, the most populous of the cities located entirely in Europe, is among the top ten cities in the world by population. Center of the Moscow urban agglomeration. 2. St. Petersburg

Population (as of January 1, 2016): 5,225,690 Change since 2015: +0.65% St. Petersburg is the second most populous city in Russia. City of federal significance. Administrative center of the Northwestern Federal District and Leningrad Region. St. Petersburg is the northernmost city in the world with a population of more than one million people. Among cities entirely located in Europe, St. Petersburg is the third most populous and also the first non-capital city in terms of population. 3. Novosibirsk

Population: (as of January 1, 2016): 1,584,138 Change since 2015: +1.09% Novosibirsk is the third largest city in Russia by population and thirteenth by area, and has the status of an urban district. Administrative center of the Siberian Federal District, Novosibirsk region and the Novosibirsk region that is part of it; the city is the center of the Novosibirsk agglomeration. Trade, business, cultural, industrial, transport and scientific center of federal significance. 4. Ekaterinburg

Population (as of January 1, 2016): 1,444,439 Change since 2015: 1.15% Ekaterinburg is a city in Russia, the administrative center of the Ural Federal District and Sverdlovsk region. It is the largest administrative, cultural, scientific and educational center of the Ural region. Ekaterinburg is the fourth most populous city (after Moscow, St. Petersburg and Novosibirsk) in Russia. The Yekaterinburg agglomeration is the fourth largest agglomeration in Russia. It is one of the three most developed post-industrial agglomerations in the country. 5. Nizhny Novgorod

Population (as of January 1, 2016): 1,266,871 Change since 2015: -0.07% Nizhny Novgorod is a city in central Russia, administrative center of the Volga Federal District and Nizhny Novgorod Region. Nizhny Novgorod is an important economic, industrial, scientific, educational and cultural center of Russia, the largest transport hub and government center of the entire Volga Federal District. The city is one of the main destinations for river tourism in Russia. The historical part of the city is rich in attractions and is a popular tourist center. 6. Kazan

Population (as of January 1, 2016): 1,216,965 Change since 2015: +0.94% Kazan is a city in the Russian Federation, the capital of the Republic of Tatarstan, major port on the left bank of the Volga River, at the confluence of the Kazanka River. One of the largest religious, economic, political, scientific, educational, cultural and sports centers Russia. The Kazan Kremlin is among the objects World Heritage UNESCO. The city has a registered brand “the third capital of Russia”. Kazan is the largest city in the Volga region economic region. A compact spatial grouping of settlements has formed around Kazan, constituting one of the largest urban agglomerations in the Russian Federation. 7. Chelyabinsk

Population (as of January 1, 2016): 1,191,994 Change since 2015: +0.73% Chelyabinsk is the seventh largest city in the Russian Federation by number of inhabitants, the fourteenth largest by area, administrative center Chelyabinsk region. Chelyabinsk is the seventh largest city in the Russian Federation by population and the second in the Ural Federal District. In 2016, a forecast was made according to which the population of Chelyabinsk should decline from this year, but the number of residents continues to grow. 8. Omsk

Population (as of January 1, 2016): 1,178,079 Change since 2015: +0.36% Omsk is one of the largest cities in Russia, the administrative center of the Omsk region, located at the confluence of the Irtysh and Om rivers. Omsk is a large industrial center with enterprises in various industries, including defense and aerospace. It is a million-plus city, the second most populous in Siberia and the eighth in Russia. The Omsk agglomeration has more than 1.2 million people. 9. Samara

Population (as of January 1, 2016): 1,170,910 Change since 2015: -0.08% Samara is a city in the Middle Volga region of Russia, the center of the Volga economic region and the Samara region, forms the Samara urban district. It is the ninth most populous city in Russia. Over 2.7 million people live within the agglomeration (the third most populous in Russia). A large economic, transport, scientific, educational and cultural center. Main industries: mechanical engineering, oil refining and food industry. 10. Rostov-on-Don

Population (as of January 1, 2016): 1,119,875 Change since 2015: +0.45% Rostov-on-Don is the largest city in the south of the Russian Federation, the administrative center of the Southern Federal District and the Rostov region. With a population of 1,119,875 people, it is the tenth most populous city in Russia. It is also the 30th most populous city in Europe. Ranks 1st among cities in the Southern Federal District. Over 2.16 million people live within the Rostov agglomeration (the fourth largest agglomeration in the country), the Rostov-Shakhty polycentric agglomeration-conurbation has about 2.7 million inhabitants (the third largest in the country). The city is a large administrative, cultural, scientific, educational, industrial center and the most important transport hub South of Russia. Unofficially, Rostov is called the “Gateway of the Caucasus” and the southern capital of Russia.

About 147 million people - this is exactly how many people live in Russia today. How many of them are women, men, children and pensioners? Which nationalities are the most numerous in the country? What are the characteristics of rural and urban population Russia? Let's try to answer all these questions.

Population of Russia: some dry numbers

The Russian Federation is the first country in the world in terms of area and ninth in terms of population. Main demographic indicators of the state (as of 2016):

• 146,544,710 - population of Russia (as of January 1, 2016);
• 1.77 - total fertility rate (for 2015);
• 18,538 - increase in the country's population in the first 11 months of 2016;
• 8.57 people/sq. km. - average population density;
• 20-24 years - average age birth of the first child (for women);
• more than 200 nations and ethnic groups lives in modern Russia.

Population registration in the Russian Federation

Population census data allows us to create the most complete and accurate demographic picture of the country. This information helps to analyze the dynamics of general demographic indicators in the state or its specific region.

A population census is a labor-intensive and unified process of collecting, systematizing, analyzing and processing data about the population of a country or region. This event is carried out on the basis of the principles of confidentiality, universality and strict centralization of the entire process.

The first general survey in the history of Russia was held in 1897 under the leadership of the scientist and geographer P. P. Semenov-Tyan-Shansky. IN Soviet time the country's inhabitants were "counted" nine more times. After the collapse of the USSR, the population census in Russia was carried out twice - in 2002 and 2010.

In addition to censuses, demographic indicators in Russia are recorded by Rosstat, territorial registry offices, and passport offices.

Current demographic situation in Russia

Total population of the Russian Federation: almost 143 million people and another 90,000 citizens living abroad. These are the data from the latest population census conducted in the country in the fall of 2010. Compared to the 2002 census, the number of residents of Russia has decreased by more than two million.

Overall modern demographic situation in Russia can be characterized as a crisis. Although it is too early to talk about the “extinction of a nation.” Moreover, in last years positive natural population growth is recorded (albeit insignificant). Life expectancy in the country is also increasing. So, since 2010 it has increased from 68.9 to 70.8 years.

According to the most pessimistic scenarios, by 2030 the population of Russia will decline to approximately 142 million people. According to forecasts of optimistic demographers, its population will grow to 152 million inhabitants.

Sex and age structure of the population

According to the latest census, there are 10.8 million more women in Russia than men. And this “gap” between the sexes is only widening every year. main reason This situation means increased mortality among men of mature (working) age. Moreover, more than half of these deaths occur due to diseases of the cardiovascular system.

The current age composition of the Russian population is as follows:

• group of children and minors (0-14 years): 15%;
• citizens of working age (15-64 years): 72%
• pensioners (over 65 years): about 13%.

Ethnic composition of the population

In accordance with the current Constitution, Russia is a multinational state. Data from recent population censuses once again confirm this thesis.

Thus, in Russia there are more than two hundred nationalities and ethnic groups. The most numerous nation in the country are Russians (about 80%). However, they are distributed quite unevenly across the territory of the Russian Federation. The least number of Russians is in the Chechen Republic (no more than 2%).

Other nations whose population within Russia exceeds one percent:

• Tatars (3.9%);
• Ukrainians (1.4%);
• Bashkirs (1.2%);
• Chuvash (1%);
• Chechens (1%).

Citizens of the Russian Federation speak several hundred languages ​​and different dialects. The most common of them are Russian, Ukrainian, Armenian, Belarusian, Tatar. But 136 languages ​​on the territory of modern Russia are under serious threat of complete extinction (according to the international organization UNESCO).

Rural and urban population of Russia

Today in Russia there are 2,386 cities and more than 134 thousand; 74% of the country's residents live in cities, 26% in villages and villages. The rural and urban populations of Russia differ greatly in ethnicity, gender and age composition, level and way of life.

In modern Russia, two seemingly incompatible trends are surprisingly combined. On the one hand, the number of villages in the country is rapidly declining, sung in poetry and prose " rural Russia"is gradually dying out. On the other hand, the country is characterized by so-called deurbanization (within 0.2% per year). Russia is one of the few countries in the world where people are actively moving from cities to villages for permanent residence.

As of the beginning of 2016, the urban population of Russia is almost 109 million people.

Cities of Russia

If a settlement has a population of at least 12,000 people, provided that 85% of them are not engaged in agriculture, then it can be considered a city. All Russian cities by population are divided into:

• small (up to 50,000 inhabitants);
• medium (50-100 thousand);
• large (100-250 thousand);
• large (250-500 thousand);
• largest (500-1000 thousand);
• “millionaires” (with a population of over one million people).

Today the list of millionaire cities in Russia consists of 15 names. And in these fifteen populated areas almost 10% of the population of the Russian Federation is concentrated.

Many large cities in Russia are developing very quickly, acquiring satellite settlements and forming urban agglomerations with stable economic and social relationships.

Villages of Russia

There are five types of rural settlements on the territory of Russia:

• villages;
• villages;
• farms;
• villages;
• auls.

About half of all rural settlements in the country are small (the population of which does not exceed 50 people).

The traditional one is gradually dying out. And this is one of the most painful demographic problems of modern Russia. Since 1991, about 20 thousand villages have disappeared from the state map. An impressive and scary figure!

The latest population census, conducted in 2010, once again proved the sad statistics: from many Russian villages only names and empty houses remained. And we are talking here not only about the villages of Siberia or the Far East. Just a few hundred kilometers from Moscow you can find recently abandoned villages. The saddest situation is observed in the Tver region, which is located exactly in the middle between the two capitals of the country - Moscow and St. Petersburg. Large migrations to these two promising metropolises, coupled with high performance mortality lead to the extinction of dozens of small settlements.

Why is the Russian village dying out? There are many reasons, although they are all closely interrelated. Lack of work, normal medicine and infrastructure, total lack of amenities and the impossibility of self-realization are driving village residents to big cities.

Population of Crimea: total number, national, linguistic and religious composition

As of the beginning of 2016, 2.3 million people live within the Republic of Crimea. During 2014-2016, about 22 thousand people migrated from the peninsula to mainland Ukraine (for political reasons). During the same period of time, at least 200 thousand refugees from war-torn cities and villages of Donbass moved to Crimea.

The population of Crimea consists of representatives of 175 nationalities. The most numerous among them are Russians (68%), Ukrainians (16%), Crimean Tatars (11%), Belarusians, Azerbaijanis and Armenians. The most common language on the peninsula is Russian. In addition to this, you can often hear Crimean Tatar, Armenian, and Ukrainian speech here.

Most of the population of Crimea professes Orthodoxy. as well as Uzbeks and Azerbaijanis are adherents of the Muslim religion. The local peoples Karaites and Krymchaks are Jewish by religion. Today there are more than 1,300 religious communities and organizations on the peninsula.

The level of urbanization in the republic is quite low - only 51%. In recent decades, the total rural population has increased significantly due to Crimean Tatars, who at this time were actively returning to their historical homeland and settled mainly in villages. Today there are 17 cities in Crimea. The largest of them (in Sevastopol, Kerch, Evpatoria and Yalta.

Conclusion

26% / 74% - this is the ratio that estimates the rural and urban population of Russia today. The state has a lot of acute demographic problems, the solution of which should be approached comprehensively. One of them is the process of extinction of villages and small towns in modern Russia.