Selection of environmentally friendly building materials for apartment renovation. Eco-friendly renovation Apartment renovation using environmentally friendly materials

By choosing a country lifestyle, a person shows his concern for favorable, environmentally friendly environment. Perhaps this is one of the main factors that encourages us to purchase a country house.

Materials for interior finishing

Among the variety of materials for and furnishing a country house, natural varieties stand apart. It is they who contribute to the smooth integration of natural purity into the interior decoration of a country house, creating a special harmony in the overall environmental friendliness of the home, which is becoming increasingly popular these days. From a large number of environmentally pure materials we have selected the most popular ones.

Types of materials

Tree

Wood is the most popular material among eco-theme enthusiasts. Wood can be used to decorate any part of the premises: floor (parquet board), walls (cork), ceiling ( wooden panels). Among other things, wood is still considered the absolute leader in the production of furniture, although this material is quite demanding on environmental conditions; it is often treated with all kinds of varnishes that increase its strength and resistance to external influences.

Jute

This is an exotic material that was originally a plant of the linden family, native to tropical areas of Asia, Africa, South America and Australia. A special fiber is produced from it, which is used to make eco-wallpaper. Jute is a wear-resistant material and has excellent thermal and sound insulation properties. As a rule, such wallpaper is impregnated with a special composition that protects it from exposure to sun rays, fires and dust settling on them. Main disadvantage these ability to absorb odors. Therefore, it is not recommended to use them in the kitchen or smoking area, even if there is a good hood there.

Clay

This is the most flexible natural material, providing ample opportunities for interior design. Its practical and aesthetic qualities are time-tested: back in Ancient Greece wall was made using clay ceramic tile for the most respectable buildings: palaces, temples, etc.

Currently, clay is used mainly for the manufacture of tiles, which decorate swimming pools, bathrooms and bathrooms. country houses. The most attractive properties of this material are: exceptional strength, abundance color solutions, variety of textures.

A natural stone

This material is no less popular than traditional wood. Used in exterior decoration, it can also be reflected in interior decoration premises of a country house. It can give the house a status, respectable appearance of an indestructible family estate. An endless variety of textures, patterns and colors allow stone to seamlessly penetrate any interior concept, becoming an integral element of room design. One of the most common uses of stone is internal space is covering the walls and floors of the house with it.

Wall decoration

For eco-friendly finishing walls using wallpaper from natural materials, painting and decorative plasters. When deciding whether to use wallpaper for wall decoration, you should pay attention to the type of material used in its manufacture. Paper wallpaper is a classic, absolutely environmentally friendly option.

However, their use is being called into question with the advent of new technologies. Today, many alternatives have been developed, among which wallpaper made from natural veneer and wallpaper made from natural plant materials stand out.

The first option involves the use of thin veneer sheets glued to a non-woven base or paper. The pattern of such wallpapers often matches the structure of the wood, which allows us to talk about them as a harmonious addition to interior decor made from solid wood.

Floor coverings

The name “liquid wallpaper” speaks for itself. They are a liquid-like mass that is applied to the wall with a roller, spatula or spray. In its original form, liquid wallpaper is a dry mixture that consists of cellulose or silk fiber and binding materials. Liquid wallpaper can be either ready-made or in the form of a dry powder, which is diluted before use. warm water.

The appearance of such wallpaper on the wall depends on the method of its application and the subsequent textured finish. After applying them, if desired, you can paint and periodically update your hallway. The big advantage of wallpaper is that it does not require leveling the wall, since the thickness of the application can vary from 1 to 10 millimeters. Liquid wallpaper has no seams, it is elastic. If the house is new, then when it shrinks, such wallpaper will not wrinkle and will not separate from the wall, like many other finishing materials. In addition, liquid wallpaper is a good sound insulator for walls.

Such wallpaper is suitable for a hallway because it has antistatic properties, that is, it does not attract dust. If such wallpaper is accidentally damaged, you can give it its original appearance by moistening the top layer and rolling it with a texture roller. In case of significant damage, the wall section can be easily restored.

11. Linkrusta

Linkrusta (or linkrust) is made from a dense fabric or paper base, onto which a thin layer of plastic made from natural materials (gel based on linseed oil) is applied. This finishing material has a washable smooth or textured surface that can be painted with oil or water-based paints and create a variety of decorative finishes.

Linkrust wallpaper is used to cover both royal palaces and railway carriages. Since over time this coating only becomes stronger, today you can see historical architectural monuments whose rooms were covered with linkrusta wallpaper back in the 19th century.

12. Ceramic tiles

Ceramic (or tile) tiles are generally considered a finishing material for bathrooms and kitchens. But today collections are being produced with textures similar to natural materials and with textures that imitate luxurious finishes in gold, silver, silk, leather, and so on. From a huge variety of colors, shapes and textures, you can easily choose the one that will look elegant and go well with cabinets and other furniture in the hallway.

Wall decoration with wood, lining, eurolining, gusvarblock, natural wooden wallpaper, made of TMD, panels made of valuable wood

Eurolining category "C" is not of high quality, but it practically never goes on sale and is not used for finishing works. The cost of eurolining is slightly higher, but it also looks more attractive.

How to choose the right blockhouse for interior and exterior wall decoration.

A type of decorative finishing board is also a blockhouse, imitating a log or timber and allows you to create the effect of a wooden frame. Blockhouse, like lining, is relatively inexpensive finishing material. Its low value is due to the peculiarities of production: it is made by sawing logs using the “square in a circle” scheme: timber and flat boards are obtained from the inner part of the log, and blanks for the blockhouse are obtained from the outer part, which allows organizing virtually waste-free production and reducing the cost of the resulting materials, without sacrificing quality.

The main advantages of a blockhouse are strength, durability, excellent thermal insulation and sound insulation properties, absence of deformation and warping even after two to three decades of operation. The blockhouse impregnated with fire retardants and antiseptics has high fire safety indicators and almost not affected by insects- pests and fungi. Installation of a blockhouse is not difficult even for an inexperienced builder; it is secured using a tongue-and-groove fastening system.

Like lining, a blockhouse is made from various types of wood, which largely determines its cost. The cheapest is a blockhouse made from pine or spruce. It is characterized by the release of resin, which increases the strength of the material and is a natural waterproofing agent. A cedar blockhouse helps maintain a healthy indoor microclimate and optimal humidity levels. If moisture resistance and strength are important, it is advisable to give preference to a larch blockhouse.

Blockhouse can be like narrow(width 80-90 mm), and wide(130-230 mm). For finishing, it is better to use a narrow one, which allows you to minimize the loss of room space, and for exterior, it is better to use a wide one, which allows you to most accurately imitate a house built from logs.

Distinctive features of the Gusvarblok.

An even more innovative and interesting, but also more expensive, finishing material is gusvarblock, which offers tens of thousands of different types of profiles. Distinctive feature gusvarbloka is the ability to combine with each other completely different profiles, which allows you to create unique and inimitable interiors invented by you. The panels are joined using a hidden connection patented by the company, which does not disrupt the pattern on the wall surface; its installation is not particularly difficult and does not require special skills and experience.

Gusvarblock has the same advantages as lining, eurolining and blockhouse: environmental friendliness, high thermal insulation and sound insulation characteristics, uniform distribution of humidity, strength, durability, ease of maintenance.

Natural wooden wallpaper.

Modern market building materials also offers natural wooden wallpaper for wall decoration, which is veneer rolls from valuable wood species thickness 0.1-0.6 mm. Today, wooden wallpapers are produced with a variety of veneer structures from more than a hundred species of wood. The veneer is glued onto thick paper and then used as regular wallpaper. Unlike lining, eurolining and blockhouse, natural wooden wallpaper can be glued to radius surfaces.

But you should know that natural wooden wallpaper, while possessing the advantages inherent in other wood finishing materials, also has a number of features. Firstly, to maintain their attractive appearance over a long period of time must be coated with varnish, oil or wax. Secondly, under the influence of sunlight they change their color, become darker, especially holly and cherry. Thirdly, they swell if water gets in (if your neighbors flood you - wallpaper from natural wood will spoil). Fourthly, this is a fairly fire-hazardous finishing material. Fifthly, wallpaper made of natural wood can be affected by various fungi, microorganisms and insect pests.

Wooden wallpaper from TMD (thermowood).

An alternative to wallpaper made from natural wood is wooden wallpaper made from TMD (thermowood), which, thanks to modern production technologies, while maintaining an attractive appearance and most of the advantages of wallpaper made from natural wood, is more practical, fireproof, moisture resistant and durable, they retain their original color long years and are not affected by pests.

When choosing wallpaper made from natural wood or wooden wallpaper from TMD as a finishing material, you must keep in mind that, unlike lining, blockhouse and wall panels, they can be pasted only on perfectly smooth walls.

The most expensive finishing material made from natural wood is decorative wall panels.

The most expensive finishing material made from natural wood are decorative wooden panels, which are made from array of valuable trees, most often oak, maple, alder, cedar. Wooden wall panels allow you to add nobility and respectability, emphasizing the high level of income and refined taste of the owners.

Modern manufacturers have found the opportunity to achieve the same effect at lower costs by producing three-layer panels, in which only the front veneer is made from valuable types of wood, everything else is made from cheaper raw materials - usually from spruce or pine. The finished wooden wall panel is coated with wax or acrylic varnish, which increases its resistance to moisture, dirt and ultraviolet rays. Choosing wood panels for the bedroom and children's room, give preference to waxed rather than varnished ones, as the former are more environmentally friendly.

There is another type of wooden wall panels - tinted solid pine panels, produced using furniture technology. Their advantages are a convenient and original system of profiles for fastening and lower cost.

But in any case, when choosing decorative wooden wall panels, you should remember that they require delicate care: they should not be heavily wetted, but only wiped with a slightly damp cloth, do not use strong solvents or abrasives detergents, regularly renew their coating by applying a new layer of wax or varnish every 5 years.

Thus, modern market finishing materials offers various options wall decoration with natural wood - from affordable lining to elite decorative wall panels made from solid solid trees. When choosing, it is important to take into account various operational characteristics and maintenance requirements, but do not rush to refuse the opportunity to decorate an apartment, house or office with wood - it is always fashionable, beautiful, stylish and relevant. The convenience and coziness brought by wood will help improve psychological climate in the family or work collective, will increase your productivity and simply make your life happier and more harmonious.

Wall finishing options. natural wallpaper - interesting new items - construction and repair

One of the popular wall decoration options in recent years is natural wallpaper, which are made from various parts of plants. Floral wallpaper is appropriate in most interiors, and not just in ethnic styles. The main thing is to choose suitable option textures and colors. Besides, natural wallpaper can be used not to decorate all the walls of the room, but only to highlight individual fragments. Most often, such wallpaper is glued to the bottom of the wall to a height of 1/3, inserts are made in the form of rectangles or squares, or pasted over one of the walls of the room. For other wall surfaces select suitable material, for example, plaster, paint, other types of wallpaper, wood panels, etc.

One of the first to appear in our stores bamboo wallpaper(bamboo cloth). The standard length of the roll is 14 m, width - 0.9-2 m. The canvas is available without varnish, varnished, or stitched. Initially, bamboo wallpapers were natural and cognac in color, then “lime”, “brandy”, wenge, and rosewood appeared. Latest new bamboo wallpapers- “tortoiseshell” fabric and fabric with textured lamellas.

The width of the bamboo strips may also vary among different models. Bamboo canvas for walls is made mainly on a fabric basis; in addition to walls, it is mounted on the ceiling (although there are also special ceiling panels made of bamboo), used for wall niches, columns, cladding loggias and in furniture decor. For furniture, both rolled bamboo sheets and bamboo panels are used.

The canvas, consisting of only bamboo slats, looks unique, so it is better to use it in small quantities in the interior. Much more elegant, in my opinion, is a combined canvas that contains not only bamboo, but also other plant materials: papyrus, reed, etc. In addition, such wallpaper is much easier to glue than wallpaper consisting only of lamellas, which are very heavy and difficult to install.

Prices for bamboo wallpaper start from 2.5 thousand rubles per roll, more high quality wallpaper cost from 4.5-6 thousand rubles. per roll.

To the bamboo canvas, if it is present on the walls in the form of separate small elements, you can add a bamboo floor covering on a felt basis or bamboo parquet, but if bamboo wallpaper takes up a large area, then it is better to select the flooring from other materials, for example, use cork flooring, which is also a natural and environmentally friendly material.

One of the most original new natural wallpaper products is wallpaper-leaves, the paper base of which is decorated with real leaves of various plants. The width of a roll of leaf wallpaper is 0.91 m, the length of the roll is 10 m. Depending on the materials used, there are cheaper collections, the cost of which varies around 6 thousand rubles. per roll, and more expensive ones - 8.6-16 thousand rubles. per roll.

Natural wallpaper-leaves they look amazingly impressive and original, they come in several colors, the leaves are also used in different ways. In terms of practicality, the situation is much worse, the leaves are quite fragile, it is easy to damage such wall coverings, so in a house where there are kids or animals, it is better to use this type of wallpaper at a sufficient height, rather than decorate the wall from the floor. It is difficult to say how quickly they burn out, because they appeared quite recently and have not been subjected to a long service life.

Natural wallpaper with wood veneer (wooden wallpaper). The most common and already well-known wallpapers from this category are wallpapers that have a paper base and cork veneer on top. Cork wallpaper costs from 1.6-2.0 thousand rubles. per roll. Appeared not long ago self-adhesive cork wallpaper costing about 800 rubles. per roll.

In general, veneer is a very thin layer of wood (0.1-0.8 mm). Exist various technologies planing of veneer, as well as its gluing, so even wood from the same tree can produce completely different designs, depending on the technologies used. To make “wooden” wallpaper, valuable wood species are used: wenge, oak, sandalwood, zebrawood, cherry and others. If cork veneer is very light and a paper base is used for it, then for other wallpapers with wood veneer a non-woven base is used. Standard width natural wallpaper with veneer– 0.91 m, length – 5.5; 9.15 and 10 m. The cost of such wallpaper is 8-16 thousand rubles, most collections cost 10-12 thousand rubles. per roll.

IN Lately there are more and more interesting new wallpapers consisting of natural materials. Well-known manufacturers produce wall coverings using not only various parts of plants, but also mineral chips, mica or sand.

So, pick up wallpaper for interior– the task today is very difficult, since such abundance poses the difficult task of making your choice in favor of one material or another. The main criterion here, most likely, is moderation, because exoticism is, of course, good, but it is better to use either vegetable wallpaper made from reed fibers, jute, papyrus, etc. calm colors, or use natural wallpaper in decor in small quantities.

Eco-friendly renovation of residential premises A set of measures to restore the facility using necessary materials and special techniques. Redecorating This is the restoration of appearance without interfering with the structure. Major renovation involves replacing not only faulty parts, but also parts that have exhausted their service life. This repair involves large volume work and significant material costs.

Harm

Harmful building materials

Modern materials that are used in the construction and decoration of apartments and houses can become the main source of danger in the event of a fire. Synthetic materials can burn or smolder, releasing toxic and very dangerous substances (dioxins). When exposed to toxic smoke, people quickly lose consciousness and their chances of survival are greatly reduced.

Paints

Renovations can become extremely damaging due to paints. Often the paints used to paint rooms contain harmful chemical substances and components released as the material dries.

Paints used for interior decoration contain potentially harmful chemicals such as solvents and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). When the paint dries, these components are released into the air, the toxic vapors of which are inhaled into the lungs of the body by the artist working with them.

First, harmful fumes enter the lungs, then enter the bloodstream, which in the future can cause dizziness and headaches. Working with paint long time in a room without ventilation, can even cause temporary clouding of consciousness or memory loss.

Inhaling fumes from paints containing VOCs can worsen asthma and sinusitis, an inflammation of the sinuses. Inhalation of VOCs may cause irritation to the nose, throat and eyes.

In paints and varnishes with big amount organic solvents often contain turpentine oil from pine resin, which can cause headache and irritation of mucous membranes (the same applies to products based on orange or citrus oil).

A child living in a room painted with lead paint will noticeably slow down mentally and physical development, attention, and may also develop hyperactivity and even hearing loss.

The damage caused by paints mainly depends on the solvent used in them. After all, the solvent can be released from painted surfaces for years, thereby causing allergies and respiratory diseases. The most harmful solvent of all is white spirit, which is present in the composition. acrylic paints.

Ceiling

A suspended ceiling (especially of an unusual shape, with all sorts of curves), in the manufacture of which a large amount of glue and plastic is used, can be especially harmful, since phenol and styrene are released from it, the fumes of which can lead to damage to the liver and kidneys.

Suspended ceilings are structures made of metal, mineral fiber, MDF or chipboard. Particularly dangerous are products made from chipboard containing phenol, which actively evaporates at air temperatures above 20ºC. Phenol is a carcinogen that affects the central nervous system.

Walls

You should not use foam and plastic when decorating walls. It has been proven that polystyrene foam emits styrene vapors, which will make repairs much more harmful. Styrene can cause headaches, nausea, eye and respiratory tract irritation, etc.

It is highly undesirable to use expanded polystyrene (foam plastic) for wall insulation. When examining some batches of polystyrene, experts find formaldehyde and dibutyl phtholate. Dibutyl phtholate is hazardous to health even in very small quantities.

Many varnishes, paints, adhesives and plasters that are used to decorate walls, floors, and apartment doors contain toxic phenol. Phenol does not evaporate instantly, but continues to be released for at least six months after renovations have been carried out in the home.

PVC plastic panels, being a synthetic material, can also emit substances harmful to human health (when heated above 60°C, the plastic melts, releasing toxins). Therefore, increased requirements are imposed on the quality of PVC products (necessary fire resistance, hygienic certificate, etc.).

Wallpaper

Harmful wallpaper - with a synthetic coating - vinyl, PVC and others like them. For all their beauty and ease of care, they release poisons into the air:

• Styrene
• Urethane

As well as poisons from solvents

• Methylene
• Hexen
• Toluene
• Benzene
• Ethylbenzene

But inexpensive phosphorescent wallpaper is especially harmful - in addition to the above substances, they also release radioactive radon into the air, creating an increased background radiation in the room. And radiation, as we know, leads to numerous dangerous diseases, including cancer.

Separately, the wallpaper itself does not pose a threat, but the type of glue that will need to be used to glue the wallpaper to the walls will depend on the composition of its material. Only the simplest ones will stick to safe starch glue. paper wallpaper. Fashionable vinyl or fabric wallpapers today require chemical substances, usually containing substances harmful to the human body.

Floors

Many people prefer to cover the kitchen floor with linoleum. A good, expensive coating is environmentally friendly. This cannot be said about cheap linoleum - under the influence high temperatures the polymers from which linoleum is made begin to break down into toxic monomers. Hot kitchen climate and radiators central heating will easily start this process. The new linoleum, which is not eco-friendly, emits carcinogens:

• Phenol
• Formaldehyde
• Acrylate
• Benzene

These chemicals smell unpleasant and significantly reduce immunity. This subsequently provokes colds, allergies, and dermatitis.

Low quality laminate, which is quite common today, can also be a cause for concern. It releases formaldehyde, which is an element of the laminate composition, and the strongest carcinogen phenol into the atmosphere.

Laminate, like many furniture, consists of several chipboards, with a plastic film applied on top, which releases harmful substances. The main damage to laminate flooring is caused by these coatings. The surface of the laminate is covered with resins and paints, most often melamine, less often acrylic resins. Melamine itself is harmless, but the production of resins from it is carried out by mixing with formaldehydes, which are extremely hazardous to health.

Various impregnations that are used in panels to give them moisture resistance and antiseptic properties also contain formaldehyde. During the coating process, hazardous fumes are released. Therefore, you cannot buy laminate immediately after its manufacture - it will certainly remain in a well-ventilated warehouse for some time.

But it is necessary to keep in mind that in addition to the laminate above, for some time a pungent odor emanates from almost any new flooring materials:

• Linoleum
• Parquet board
• Block parquet

The degree of odor of materials of the same name depends mainly on the manufacturer (material, varnishes). They won't smell at all:

• Ceramic tile
• Porcelain tiles
• Unpainted natural materials (for example, board)

Therefore, you need to choose a high-quality laminate, with all the necessary documents, then the noticeable smell will disappear completely in 2-3 weeks.

Within a couple of months after gluing, synthetic carpet begins to decompose and release toxins into the air, which can weaken the immune system and cause headaches.

Some heated floors are sources electromagnetic field, and quite strong, rising a meter in height. Children and pets suffer especially greatly from its effects, because they are entirely exposed to harmful radiation. As a result, their immunity becomes weak - they easily catch any infections and therefore often get sick. In adults, in this case, exposure to an electromagnetic field weakens the reproductive system.

Window

Plastic windows (PVC), which are the most popular today, are so sealed that they clog the air in the room, preventing it from circulating freely.

Old wooden windows have micro cracks and gaps through which the air is constantly renewed, even if the room is not ventilated. There are no such gaps in PVC windows, and people have to breathe in all the accumulating harmful fumes that are released into the air - carbon monoxide from gas stove, evaporation of toxic formaldehyde and phenol from cheap mass furniture (chipboard, fiberboard, MDF), flooring, building materials, etc.

But you need to know that in case of fire wooden windows much more dangerous than plastic ones, they burn, releasing a huge amount of heat, which leads to the spread of fire (the ignition temperature of PVC is 330 - 400 ° C, for wood it is 210 - 270 ° C).

Furniture

Furniture made with toxic substances poses a health hazard that is usually underestimated - it emits phenol, formaldehyde, benzene, ammonia, and many other toxic substances. All of them are contained in polymers, paints and varnishes used in the manufacture of mass furniture from chipboard, fibreboard, MDF and even solid wood. The threat is posed by surfaces not covered with a special film - attachment points, ends, chips.

Benefit

How often should repairs be done?

It is advisable to carry out repairs at least once every five years. Don't do any repairs for a long time may be harmful to health. Since harmful substances gradually accumulate in wallpaper, baseboards, plaster, cement, and begin to be released, making the air in the room toxic.

The main emissions are aerosols of heavy metals and radioactive radon. When their maximum permissible concentration is exceeded, apartment residents begin to experience pain in their liver and heart, and may develop allergic reactions.

Toxic resins are present in all the most common materials - chipboard, plywood, vinyl and PVC coating(floor coverings, decorative elements, windows, wallpaper, almost all adhesives).

Making repairs using environmentally friendly materials will be much more expensive than using synthetic ones. Although chemical materials can make repairs cheaper, in the end it can cost residents much more if health problems arise after such repairs. In the fight for clean air in your own home, you will need to carefully select finishing materials, paints, floor coverings, windows, decorative elements, wallpaper, adhesives, and furniture.

How to do repairs correctly

Try not to save money when purchasing furniture, linoleum, paints, carpets, etc. If you buy cheap materials, make sure that they are of class E1, E0 - that is, they are environmentally friendly.

When buying building materials in a store or market, pay attention to their smell. Too strong a chemical smell is a significant indicator of the unsafety of the finishing material. If there is a smell, and even more so a persistent and pungent one, then it is better to refuse such a purchase, not hoping for it to disappear, but to find products with a less pungent smell.

Be sure to work in a room with open windows, even better if you have the opportunity to work on outdoors(for example, paint, etc.). Wear protective gloves to prevent the material being used from coming into contact with your hands. Don't work too long, take frequent breaks from work (about every half hour).

When working with any finishing materials, even the best quality, it is recommended to carry out wet cleaning and thoroughly ventilate the room after renovation for 2-3 weeks. It is advisable not to move into the apartment for another 2-3 weeks after finishing work is completed - during this period the most active “release” of harmful chemical fumes into the air occurs.

To minimize the impact on the body of chemicals that accumulate in the apartment after renovation, you need to carry out wet cleaning daily, because dust particles, like a magnet, attract harmful compounds. By inhaling them, a person receives a concentrated dose of “chemicals”.

If you care about your health, call environmentalists before moving into an apartment after renovation. After checking them, you can be sure that it is safe to stay in your home. Even if the content of chemicals is negligible in each individual building material, together they release a “shock” dose of toxins. It will take several months for them to dissipate.

Specialists involved in the ecology of residential premises treat the apartment with special preparations. Cost of the procedure for two-room apartment- on average 7000 rubles. Those who want to save money can do it themselves by purchasing the necessary drug for 3,000 rubles.

Eco-friendly materials for renovation

If you have planned a renovation or purchased new apartment, then the choice of materials must be approached responsibly. The recommendations below will greatly facilitate your task of finding environmentally friendly finishing materials and furniture.

Paints

Water-based paints are less hazardous than solvent-based paints because they contain fewer toxins and have a less pungent odor. As an alternative, you can use natural, eco-friendly paint that does not contain solvents, VOCs or strong odors.

The most harmless are water-dispersed, polyester and alkyd, as well as water-based paints. Therefore, it is best to use dispersion paints and varnishes in which the main solvent is water. It will be the best option For eco renovation.

Natural paints practically do not emit toxins. In addition, there is no need to use white spirit and turpentine, and the brush or brush used for painting can be easily washed with water.

Solvents for paints containing VOCs are extremely flammable - keep them away from open flames. The same applies to rags soaked in such paint. To avoid accidental fire, be sure to throw them away after use.

Be sure to ventilate the room to protect yourself from harmful effects VOC. Remember that when paint containing these chemical compounds, their content indoors is about a thousand times higher than outdoors.

While painting, go out and get some fresh air as often as possible. Wait until the paint is completely dry before using the area again for the same purpose.

Ceiling

It is safest to paint the ceiling with non-harmful, natural paint. Better yet, use environmentally friendly lime whitewash.

You can use drywall (gypsum board) - this is a hygienic and safe material consisting of gypsum wrapped in cardboard. Gypsum is an environmentally friendly natural material that is made by grinding and heat treating sedimentary rock. In drywall, various additives are added to the gypsum (which are environmentally friendly and approved all over the world) to give the sheet additional reinforcement (rigidity), non-flammability and moisture resistance.

In addition, it is also a natural regulator of air humidity in the apartment. Due to its porous structure, it absorbs excess moisture from the air, and when there is a lack of it, it releases it, which has a very beneficial effect on the air humidity in the home and on human health in general.

But in addition to high-quality gypsum board intended for use in residential premises, there is also technical plasterboard, which is intended for use in non-residential premises(garages, warehouses, etc.). It is made from poorly refined, low quality gypsum. It is not advisable for a person to constantly be near such materials. Unfortunately, it is not uncommon that, misleading consumers, such low-quality goods are sold under the label - plasterboard for residential premises. Prices for technical gypsum board sheets are significantly lower than average. Therefore, when purchasing, be sure to carefully check all the appropriate documents confirming the environmental friendliness of the product.

Walls

The safest option for wall finishing is environmentally friendly plasterboard combined with water-based paint.

Never purchase mixtures that are intended for exterior finishing buildings - they are cheaper, but sanitary requirements to these materials is significantly lower than to those used for renovations inside residential premises.

If possible, avoid plastic and foam panels. But if you decide to use PVC products, when purchasing, be sure to make sure that the formaldehyde emission indicators comply with GOST or the European standard E1 and have a certificate of conformity and a certificate fire safety- PVC products must be safe for humans.

Wallpaper

Paper wallpapers are environmentally friendly. Although they are not widespread, if you wish, you can find very beautiful and modern, high-quality paper wallpapers.

Glass wallpaper would also be a safe option - environmentalists have no complaints about them; in addition, safe mineral glue is used for gluing them. Such wallpaper can be safely used for eco renovation.

If you really want to cover your walls with phosphorescent wallpaper, then buy only high-quality wallpaper that is tested for the presence of hazardous substances.

Or you can paint the walls, but not with acrylic or oil, but with water-based paint (which has a composition that is harmless to human health).

Floors

You can leave the old linoleum, since it has already released all the harmful substances. Or lay environmentally friendly linoleum, but it will always remain cold.

The best options may be to cover the floor with natural materials such as parquet, boards, or cork (especially in the nursery).

To avoid the risk of a child developing an allergy to dust and other diseases that it can provoke (sneezing, coughing, sore throat, etc.), you should not cover even the most environmentally friendly carpet in the nursery. You can't wash the floors under it, and vacuuming is no substitute for wet cleaning.

You can lay a natural plank floor with environmentally friendly paint, which looks quite beautiful, and is also safe and environmentally friendly. Another option is to lay a matting on the floor, besides it is useful to walk on, and the floor will not be cold, but such natural material will cost much more.

When choosing a laminate, you should pay attention to compliance with environmental standards. Laminate comes in different quality classes - the more toxic it is, the cheaper the material; the more natural it is, the more expensive the price.

When buying European laminate, you need to track the presence of the E1 (and ideally E0) icon on the laminate packaging, which means that such laminate has successfully passed chemical control, and the level of formaldehyde in this product does not exceed acceptable values. You should also attach importance to the PCT symbol - this means that this product has been certified in Russian Federation and is also relatively harmless.

In order to preserve your health and the health of your loved ones, it is better to purchase laminate flooring, the safety of which is guaranteed by the manufacturer, when toxic emissions do not exceed the permissible limit. And be sure to ask for a fire safety certificate. After all, the greatest harm from the laminate will appear during its combustion. If laminate flooring catches fire in a room, you must put a bandage on your face and quickly leave the room.

Electric heated floors come with single-core and double-core cables.

The first option (with a single-core cable) is the cheapest, but dangerous. Environmentalists definitely do not recommend installing it in residential apartments. A two-core cable is more expensive and produces less radiation, but if you keep the floor heating on all the time, it will be enough to harm your health.

You need to know that a person can be in an electromagnetic field for no more than three hours a day. Therefore, it is impossible to turn on underfloor heating from morning to evening.

In order not to risk the health of your household, give up underfloor heating altogether, or install a water-heated floor in your apartment. It is absolutely safe and will not cause harm, its only disadvantage is its high cost.

Window

It is advisable to choose plastic windows that are environmentally friendly, high-quality, and have the function of slotted micro-ventilation.

Today there are plastic profiles stabilized on the basis of titanium dioxide, calcium or zinc, or glass composite windows, which are recognized as environmentally friendly, but they are an order of magnitude more expensive than others.

When purchasing PVC windows, be sure to ask the sellers for quality certificates (or certificates of conformity) and a hygienic certificate, because the composition of the material comes with different levels of environmental hazard.

You can install windows from wooden profiles. They are more expensive, but unlike sealed plastic windows (without slot ventilation) they provide natural ventilation premises. Condensation does not form on them, which creates conditions for a harmful microclimate - the proliferation of pathogenic microbes, fungi and mold.

Furniture

When buying furniture made from chipboard, fiberboard, MDF, or solid wood, be sure to check the seller’s quality certificate (or certificate of conformity) and hygienic certificate.

Make sure that the formaldehyde emission indicators (the amount of toxic substances released) comply with GOST and sanitary and hygienic requirements or the European standard E1 (or E0) - this way you will protect yourself from purchasing furniture with a high resin content, because in certified furniture all indicators are in within permissible norm and, accordingly, do not threaten human health.

The ideal emission class for formaldehyde emissions is considered to be zero (E0), but such furniture is difficult to find. One (E1) is an acceptable option, two (E2) is average, and three (E3) is hazardous to health.

Repair is always a small task ecological catastrophy in a separate apartment. According to environmental experts, only a quarter of the building and finishing materials we use can be considered environmentally friendly. Other materials can cause significant harm and pose a serious threat to our health. According to statistics from the World Health Organization, indoor air is on average five times more polluted than outdoor air.

1.Floor coverings
The material for flooring can be different, the main thing is that it does not emit a chemical odor. The most environmentally friendly options - wooden boards for painting, parquet or ceramic tiles. Although varnish and mastic are also sources of harmful substances. Cheap laminates and linoleum emit formaldehyde, but expensive ones are almost harmless. When covering with linoleum, you should remember that glue poses a danger. Jute, wool or cotton carpet is also quite environmentally friendly, but you should be careful with completely synthetic analogues.

3. Windows
Wooden windows are considered the safest. But any wood products are covered with protective materials. And they can be harmful to our health. Meanwhile plastic windows(PVC) are not as dangerous as people think of them. PVC is used in all industries and is available in every apartment not only in the form of frames for double-glazed windows. These include plumbing pipes, any household or computer equipment, dishes, toys, and so on. Harmful substances are released from PVC only during combustion, at a temperature of 200 degrees. Formally, double-glazed windows in plastic design are not considered completely environmentally friendly, but they are harmless to health.

4. Ceiling
The most accessible and in a simple way repair the ceiling is an application water-based paint. This is proven material. If you do suspended ceiling, then it is better to opt for an environmentally friendly material - aluminum. Aluminum ceilings do not emit any harmful chemical elements, unlike other materials. However, it is worth considering the fact that the suspended ceiling is a “dust accumulator”, and this leads to the fact that the air quality in the apartment deteriorates. Stretch ceilings can be installed in an apartment, but you should know that at least three or more months after their installation, most of them emit harmful substance- phenol.

Tips for installing water supply and design features.

Design and calculation of heating power for residential premises.

Features of creation ventilation systems and troubleshooting.

Everything related to the installation and operation of the sewerage system.

Interior decoration, as well as interior design and decoration.

We improve our personal plot and add landscape design elements.

Articles on installation of electrical wiring and repair of power equipment.

Environmentally friendly materials for apartment renovation and decoration.

Dream of stylish interior forces each of us to arrange apartments and houses so that they are pleasing to the eye and correspond to the current idea of ​​​​fashionable and beautiful design. Most often, when renovating residential premises, it is practiced to use various building and finishing materials, with the help of which you can improve the aesthetic component of the rooms. Most of homeowners strive to become ordinary apartment something extraordinary, but at the same time they do not care about maintaining environmental safety in the premises. But the environment is quite topical issue, since in the manufacture of many modern building materials complex chemical compounds are used, which contain sufficient quantities toxic substances. Toxins gradually poison the microclimate in the room, and they also cause severe harm health of residents. It is for this reason that it is so necessary right choice environmentally friendly building materials for renovation of apartments and houses.

Environmentally friendly building materials.

Typically, the safety of using a building material is affected not only by its composition and the material that formed the basis for its manufacture, but also by the incorrect conditions under which this material is used.

Of course, there are building materials that pose a danger in themselves because they contain toxic substances in its composition in large quantities(impurities of heavy metals, for example), and there are also materials that are harmful when in contact with the environment.

For example, the use of natural wood in conditions where it is in contact with moisture for a long time becomes an excellent environment for the appearance and development of fungi and mold. In addition, natural wood saturated with moisture begins to smell unpleasant and becomes a breeding ground for different types bacteria.

Applications and use of environmental finishing and building materials.

Therefore, in order to ensure that living in a house is not dangerous to the health, or even the life of its household members, you need to take the right approach to the choice of building materials - they must be environmentally friendly, and their use must be in conditions that will not allow them to deteriorate and release substances harmful to health.

Before each construction of housing or home renovation, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with detailed information about building materials that can improve the interior and positively influence the microclimate of the house.

What materials for finishing ceilings are considered safe.

By using stretch ceiling You can perfectly bring to life the most daring and sometimes even incredible design ideas. Since the materials used to construct suspended ceilings are made from polyvinyl chloride, they have a fairly high level of toxicity.

It is for this reason that it is not recommended to use it for finishing some residential premises - this applies to the bedroom, living room, and children's room. The use of finishing plastic is more acceptable for bathrooms and other rooms where people spend the least amount of time.

In the bedroom and children's room, living room and kitchen, it is best to simply paint the ceilings. Water-dispensing paint of any type is ideal for this. suitable color. Such paints have characteristics that make them the most environmentally friendly for residential premises.

Using environmentally friendly indoor wall decoration.

The most popular material that is most often used for wall decoration is wallpaper. If you want to make your home environmentally friendly for adults and children to live in, it is preferable to use paper wallpaper for pasting walls.

They belong to real environmentally friendly finishing materials. In addition, wallpaper has other positive aspects.

Affordable price.

Ability to fit into almost any room in the home. The exception is the kitchen and bathroom due to high humidity and frequent temperature changes.

Other types of wallpaper are also distinguished by a high level of environmental safety, for example, textile and vegetable, for the manufacture of which vegetable plants are used. natural materials, not treated with chemicals before or after use.

Use of environmentally friendly finishing materials.

Textile and floral wallpapers have many advantages over other types of similar finishing materials, including:

Good wear resistance.

Ability not to fade when exposed to direct sunlight.

The absence of harmful and toxic substances in their composition.

It is very important to choose the right wallpaper glue. When choosing this material, it is recommended to purchase an adhesive composition based on starch and other natural additives.

It is not advisable to paint walls using oil-based paints, since they contain lead and other heavy metals, very dangerous to human health and life. But this is not the only drawback of such paints, since, when heated, oil paints for a long time they spoil the air with an extremely unpleasant odor.

Features of modern flooring materials.

The best floor coverings include:

Parquet boards and regular planed edged board. These finishing materials are completely natural and have a high level of environmental safety. This allows you to use materials for installing floors in children's rooms, bedrooms and other rooms in your home where you spend a long time.

However, if you prefer a similar floor covering, try to select the varnishes or paints with which this coating will be treated with special care. It is recommended to opt for an expensive, high-quality and safest varnish. Before you make a purchase, you need to carefully study all the information on the label.

Ceramic tiles, which are also environmentally friendly building materials, since they are produced using technology that does not involve the use of harmful chemicals. If you want to renovate your apartment in an environmentally friendly way, ceramic tiles are perfect for finishing the kitchen, bathroom and hallway. The distinctive advantages of the material are enviable durability and practicality.

Laminate. on environmental characteristics which is influenced by the level of its quality. Existing expensive modern varieties of laminate are manufactured in accordance with safety norms and standards, so they can be used in any room.

Linoleum is considered one of the most unsafe materials, since petroleum products are used for its production. This finishing flooring material contains large quantities of chemical additives. The most dangerous types of linoleum are Relin and linoleum, for the production of which polyvinyl chloride compounds are used.

Carpet is not a flooring material that differs high level environmental hazard, but there are cases when it becomes a source of allergic reaction and people. Therefore, if you want to lay carpet with natural pile, you must remember that it requires careful care, otherwise billions of microscopic mites will appear in the carpet.

The right choice of eco-friendly windows.

If you are wondering how to change window designs In your home, pay attention to windows made of natural wood. They are distinguished by the following advantages.

Affordable price.

High level of environmental friendliness.

But if you want the windows in your rooms to have high thermal insulation and sound insulation, then it is preferable to use structures that are made on the basis aluminum profile. They have good advantages.

Low cost.

Best durability.

Excellent practicality.

PVC profiles are completely artificial products, however, modern methods treatments make it completely safe and suitable for use in all areas of the home.

Marking and designation on labels of building materials.

Manufacturers of modern construction and finishing materials are trying to ensure that their products are as environmentally friendly as possible. Therefore, every company that respects itself and cares about its image labels its products.

The environmental friendliness of building materials is indicated by the following labeling, which is used all over the world.

E1 - building materials that are absolutely safe, which are used in children's and any other rooms.

E2 – used for bathrooms, kitchens and corridors.

If you choose building materials taking into account this marking, you will do it correctly, and your premises will be environmentally friendly, and the microclimate in them will not be destroyed. Never forget that the use of environmentally friendly building materials in houses and apartments is not just a fashion statement.

This is a guarantee of protecting your health and the health of your loved ones from serious consequences that can result from contact with hazardous chemicals.

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