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In Ancient Rus', people believed in the power of amulets, relying on their protection from illnesses, enemies and other misfortunes. Through their amulets, they drew the energy of nature and the Sun, never tired of thanking the Gods who generously gifted the Russian people with unique Slavic magical symbols. All of them are carriers of information about the structure of our universe.

Russian amulets are based on Slavic symbolism associated with the Sun; such symbols are called Solar. Each of them has its own name, they have a specific power and carry a certain meaning. The most common symbol in Rus' was the Swastika, endowed with multifaceted meaning and various options titles. It was also called the symbol of “Light”, the symbol of “Primary Fire” or “Life”, and the “Divine symbol”. Patterns of these symbols were used to decorate household items, homes, and clothing. At different times in Solar Rus', this symbolism could be seen on banknotes.

The cultural history of Rus' throughout its existence has been based on folk beliefs, which have their roots deeply rooted in the past, and preserve the memory of our ancient ancestors. In those distant times, they already sought to comprehend the secrets and subtleties of the structure of the universe. First of all, they needed this knowledge in order to protect themselves and their loved ones from possible danger. Culture changed over the centuries, beliefs and customs changed, but the memory of the ancestors was not erased even after the Baptism of Rus'. The loyal, wise and tolerant Orthodox Church did not destroy the traditional folk worldview; throughout the entire period of its existence, the Russian people used amulets and talismans bequeathed to them by their ancestors.

Features of the Russian folk amulet

A Russian person is devoted to his family and faithful to his land, therefore Russian amulets, like talismans, for the most part are connected with real things familiar to each of us from childhood. Among these you can find ordinary spoons, bells, miniature hatchets, pokers, brooms, bast shoes, horseshoes, etc. They were widely used not only in Everyday life Russian person, but also in folk rituals. People made amulets for themselves with my own hands, hoping for their protection from predatory animals and natural disasters, “ evil eye"and diseases.

Russian amulet for home

For a Russian person, the house, in terms of its significance and holiness, is in second place after the church and Orthodox churches. Even when setting off on a long journey, he always took on the journey a talisman he created with his own hands, as a reminder of home, family and native land. The earth also acts as a kind of amulet for the house, which had to be built correctly, since the fate of the entire family depended on it.

Modern house in Russian style

In Rus', houses have always been built in favorable energy zones and traditionally adhered to certain rules when choosing a plot of land:

• Houses were not built in places where lightning struck.
• Areas that were previously abandoned en masse by people as a result of epidemics, pestilence, war, and natural disasters were considered unfavorable.
• A house has never been built in a place where human remains have been found.
• Places where a cart overturned or a shaft broke were considered a mark of the “unclean” and they were avoided.

According to ancient traditions, the Slav built his house with his hands by analogy with the model of our Universe, in the center of which stood a Russian stove - a source of heat, food, light, perceived as a symbol of the Sun.

The cult of home and family has always been the main thing in Rus'. Each element of the house’s design was a specific symbol, as was the decoration of the house.

Its main symbols are Russian folk amulets at home, all of them are listed in the table below:

Name	Symbol (association)	Functions
Bake	Planet Earth. The stove was painted with special protective symbols.	Source of heat, fire, life.
Red corner (home iconostasis)	Planet Sun; God.	Divine protection, patronage, healing.
Walls	They were decorated with various symbolic wood carvings.	Physical and energy protection habitats
Roof and openings	Decorated with symbolic carvings.	They did not allow individuals to enter the house negative factors, as well as from all evil spirits and misfortunes.
Entrance door	Central amulet (various amulets were placed above the door; the door itself was coated with red clay along the contour; curtains woven with patterns with special symbols were hung in the doorway).	Protection of home and family at the level: Physical (negative weather conditions, enemies, robbers); Mental (evil spirits, illnesses, troubles).
Threshold/porch	The key element of the house was endowed with the greatest protective power (everything was important - from its shape to decoration, including amulets that were placed under the threshold to enhance its magical properties).	In pagan and Christian faith, it was the main protection of a person’s home and clan, the keeper of the family hearth. The threshold was carefully guarded, since through it one can bring both good and bad deeds into the house.
Vane	More often made in the shape of a rooster or horse	Charms that warn the owners of the house about danger and scare away evil spirits.

The carving acted not only as decoration, its patterns were carefully thought out and corresponded to ancient Russian protective symbols. Door and window openings, roof edges, and porches were decorated with carvings.

Carving is a special skill

The threshold and porch in a Russian hut were always endowed with the most powerful amulets and were additionally guarded by the owner himself. Through the threshold (or porch) you can send a lot of negativity, both to the owner of the house and to all members of his family, to the entire family.

Many folk signs are associated with the threshold, for example, it is undesirable to just stand on the threshold, smoke or talk, pass things or say hello across the threshold. To protect home and family across the threshold, both Christian and pagan amulets, symbols, spells and prayers were used (and are still relevant today).

The blower in a Russian stove is of particular importance. This place was considered a gate through which the Evil One could enter the house. While the stove was burning or smoldering, the vent was not closed so as not to get burned by carbon monoxide, but as soon as the last heat in the stove went out, the vent was immediately closed.

Charms to protect the yard

The yard area is part of the personal space of each family, limited by a special fence. In the old days, the fence of a house or plot was built in the form of:

• wattle fence (made of wicker or brushwood), in the form of a picket fence (made of low wooden slats);
• board fence;
• a powerful timber palisade several meters high.

Whatever material the fence was built from, for many centuries the yard was guarded and protected with the help of traditional amulets. These were the simplest household things, in whose powerful protective energy our contemporaries believe. A variety of objects were used as court amulets, all of which were considered magical protective symbols.

Glaciers, jars, pots

Inverted, they were placed on the highest rail of the fence, the fence.

Clay products are still used in making amulets

Since these utensils were usually made from natural material– clay, she was very sensitive to negative energy.

It was believed that a broken or cracked fence on a fence indicates a negative message addressed to the owner of the house or his entire family. In this case, they said that the glechik took on the “thin”; it was not customary to take it with bare hands. Usually it was removed with special tongs and thrown away from the house, and a whole pot was immediately hung in its place.

Old (woven) bast shoes, worn-out shoes, felt boots

The shoe (felt boots or bast shoes) is an old Russian amulet with multi-valued symbolism. For example, having met the Evil One, it was customary to throw your worn-out bast shoes at him and be sure to hit the target; if you didn’t hit, expect trouble or disaster.

A pair of red shoes given by a guy to a girl testified to his sincere love for her; a similar gift from her parents served as a talisman so that her daughter would not stray from the “red” (right) path.

There was a tradition of throwing bast shoes at their rivals. If the bast shoe reached its goal, it was believed that by this action the girl was driving her rival away from her lover, and at the same time removing the love spell that she could cast on her boyfriend.

A pair of shoes attached to the porch or threshold symbolized the strength and prosperity of the owner of the house, a happy family. To scare away all evil spirits and enemies, shoes or bast shoes were hung on a fence or on a post at the gate.

If an unlucky child grew up in a family, he was forced to put on the old bast shoes of the family member who was considered positive and hard-working; with this action, they tried to return the child who had gotten out of hand to the true path.

A pair of symbolic shoes was given to newlyweds for a wedding, so that they would live together happily and as long as possible

The theme of shoes is also found in many superstitions and fortune telling. For example, there was a long-standing custom of telling fortunes about the groom. To do this, the girl, standing in the yard with her back to the gate, threw a bast shoe over it onto the street. Then she watched how the bast shoe lay down - its sock, as a rule, indicated the direction from where the groom should be expected to come.

If a person wanted to travel, but could not decide where exactly to go, it was also customary to throw a bast shoe outside the gate. The man set off in the direction the sock pointed.

Horseshoe

In addition to its decorative function, the horseshoe in Russian culture and traditions has always been used as an effective amulet/amulet. In many countries, it is a symbol of happiness, having a deep meaning rooted in ancient history.

Made of iron, forged on fire by a blacksmith, purified by fire, resembling a new moon in shape (also a symbolic element), a horseshoe was at one time an expensive pleasure. Finding it for a simple poor peasant was considered happiness, since expensive iron appeared in the house, which could be sold at a high price or reforged into nails, a scraper, a knife, or other necessary item. Later, when iron was no longer such a rare thing, the tradition of keeping a found horseshoe “for good luck” was preserved.

Every European country You can find a legend about a horseshoe; in Christian culture, the legend itself and the tradition of taking care of a found horseshoe are most likely borrowed from the ancient pagan culture of the Celts. They believed that a horseshoe attached above front door, will protect their home from the invasion of otherworldly forces.

In our time, the horseshoe as a talisman has not lost its meaning

Nowadays, the horseshoe is endowed with multiple symbolism, which can be found in the table below:

Placement	Function	The meaning of the amulet
“Horns” down over the door to the house, on the gate, on the pillars of the central gate	Protective (from the evil eye, damage, bad messages and ill-wishers)	The guest, having passed through the gate, “lost” his bad thoughts and was disarmed if he came with bad intentions
“Horns” up above the door to the house, on the gate, on the pillars of the central gate.	Talisman of wealth, happiness and prosperity	Brings good luck, material and financial well-being to the home
On the door (from the inside with the “horns” up)	Protective bioenergy	Aligns energy flows, reducing strength geopathogenic zones in the house
Inside the car	Protective	Prevents accidents, vehicle breakdowns and various unpleasant road incidents
On the windowsill (on the first moonlit night, “horns” into the room)	Wealth/luck talisman, money talisman	Helps increase financial situation, attract money and rapid financial growth
In the ground near the wall of the house (bury on the northwest side)	Good luck talisman	Brings good luck in business, support in any endeavors

Fishnet

They threw it on top of a fence, picket fence or wattle fence, believing that the Evil One would get entangled in it and would not be able to enter the house. It was also assumed that bad words and thoughts of ill-wishers would not be able to pass through this network.

Toads, mice and other vermin entangled in the net indicated that one of the ill-wishers was taking negative magical actions against the owner of the house and his family.

Broom

Placed at the threshold, a broom scared away evil spirits and drove ill-wishers away from the house. It was believed that if, following an unpleasant guest leaving your house, you sweep a path in his footsteps with a broom, this person will never appear in your house again. It should be noted that the broom was not only a shore, it could also cause considerable harm to the family, so in some families they preferred to hide it from prying hands and eyes. Usually the broom-amulet was made by the head of the family with his own hands.

Nowadays you can often see a broom in apartments with the broom facing up.

To ensure prosperity in the house, it was customary to place a broom in the kitchen “on the handle” with the broom facing up. Nowadays, for this purpose, a small decorative broom is more often used, on which gifts are attached - several grains of various cereals, corn kernels, real coins, flowers yellow color(as a symbol of the Sun, gold) and so on. Left in the kitchen as a decoration, such a decorative broom-amulet brings material stability and prosperity to the home.

It was considered wrong to touch a broom with your hands in someone else's house; such a guest could be suspected of hostility and allowed into the house no longer.

Panel amulet

Such panels were specially made in each family, so they were all unique and different from each other. Each housewife made her own panel, decorating it with the symbolism that was most necessary to improve the life of her family.

With the help of special symbolism of patterns, such panels protected the house from unkind people, brought good luck, health, patrons to the family, promoted mutual understanding, love and care for each other among all household members.

Embroidery

Embroidered symbols could be seen not only on clothing, but also on bed linen, towels, towels, tablecloths, curtains, shoes and head decorations. When a young girl got married, she had to have in her dowry all these things, sewn and embroidered by her own hands.

Girls began to be taught needlework from early age. The more a girl had a dowry, prepared by herself, the more hardworking she was considered and the more desirable she was in the groom’s house.

Bag

In Rus', a bag has always been considered a symbol of preserving wealth. This symbolism dates back to ancient times, when social inequality was the norm, as a result of which beggars wandered around Rus' with outstretched hands. Behind their backs they had a knapsack (a homemade bag) with all their simple belongings.

This amulet should not be touched by strangers.

For every beggar, such a knapsack was a real treasure. At the same time, rich people also kept their gold and jewelry in bags, but they were made of expensive fabric and embroidered with gold/silver thread, embroidered with stones or embroidered with patterns.

Nowadays, it is customary to place a symbolic bag in the kitchen or in the money area of ​​the house, decorating it with your own embroidered patterns, which necessarily include some key magical symbols. It can be decorated with various symbols, depending on the result that should be obtained - increasing wealth, preserving existing wealth, etc. Inside the bag they place coins for wealth, magical dry herbs for protection and other items that correspond to the wishes of the owner of the house.

Painting on wood, plaster, metal

Painting gates, house walls (outside/inside), door and window openings, benches (at the gate and in the yard), ovens, barns, barns and carts was also a talisman.

The theme of solar signs, which attract warmth, joy, life, health and happiness into the house, was especially popular.

Amulet for harvest

This Russian amulet symbolized the generous gifts of nature, was used as a talisman for family well-being and was a good decorative element in home decoration. As a “rural” decor, it is still found today in homes whose interior is made in the “country” style. Often a decorative broom-amulet, decorated with special symbols, is used for this purpose.

To make it, they usually use nuts, dried flowers, bunches of garlic, rose hips, ears of wheat, beans, a small pumpkin, and bright ribbons (the whole composition is tied with them). A braid should be made from colored ribbons; with its colors it symbolizes a joyful and happy life, length and thickness - longevity. The lighter ones of the above symbolic elements are woven into it, the heavier ones can be fixed with glue or sewn on, secured to ribbons with threads.

Each such element corresponds to certain symbols, distinguished by their characteristic magical properties:

Element	Meaning in the amulet
Broom	Clean base
Scythe	Longevity
Bag	Prosperity, abundance, wealth
Spoon	Prosperity
Onion/hot pepper/garlic/	Protects from evil spirits
Cereals and flour products	Prosperity, hospitality and good disposition of the owner of the house (tradition of welcoming guests with loaf/bread and salt)
Pine cone, coins	Business success, financial well-being, wealth
Sunflower seeds	Symbolizes children in the family
Beans/peas	Friendship, mutual assistance, peacefulness
Dried flowers (in a bouquet)	Harmony, beauty, protection from evil spirits and “bad” people
Cereals	La, and the well-being of family relationships
Female and male figures	Integrity of marital/family ties
Corn	Health of children in the family
House	Happy family, cozy home
Jug	Healthy family, family well-being, prosperity
Immortelle	Long and happy life
Bay leaf	Success in business, fame, respect from others, respect in the family
Poppy	Fulfillment of secret desires

There is a huge variety of Russian folk amulets, for the manufacture of which various symbolic elements are used. The table above lists only the main and fairly common symbols.

The Russian people have always treated the gifts of Mother Nature with care and respect, and believed in the existence of her mythical creatures that inhabit all four elements - fire, water, earth and air. There are many legends and fairy tales about kikimoras, water creatures, goblins, brownies and other evil spirits in Russian culture. Russian people have a twofold attitude towards these natural creatures.

He tried to be friends with some of them, to appease some of them, to pay off some of them, and some of them had to be avoided so as not to anger him with his presence on their territory. Some representatives of the Evil One were often hired as assistants to solve various life problems and everyday problems. At the same time, Russian people have always made amulets to protect themselves and their homes from evil spirits; he used long-known folk symbols to create them. A curious character is the brownie; it was believed that this creature lives in every home.

Brownie

Being the soul of the house, its talisman and amulet, Domovoy patronized the people living in it. Woe to the owner who did not please him, Domovoy tried in all his ways to expel him from the house, and could attract other creatures from evil spirits to this process. He demanded respect for himself; it always depended on whether he would consider the residents of the house his friends and whether this family would live in prosperity and peace. It is noteworthy that with the hands of an unwanted owner he could cause great misfortune in the house.

Sometimes Brownie got so used to the head of the family that when the family moved to a new place of residence, he tried to move with the people, hiding in some household object. Most often, the person himself invited the Housewife to move with him, offering him a broom, a bread spatula or a broom with the words:

Neighbor-Housewife, here's a noble sleigh for you, go to new house together with us!

Options for making a brownie amulet are limited only by your imagination

The brownie sleeps during the day, and at night he wakes up and walks around the house, checking to see if everything is in order. He was always given a specific corner in the house, where the owner forbade all household members to go, so as not to anger the Brownie with his actions. In this place it was forbidden for children to play, place any things, make noise, sit, this place belonged to Domovoy. In each house, Domovushka could occupy different places; his favorite place had to be found; as a rule, it was the warmest, driest and quietest corner. Sometimes he himself willingly suggested and indicated his presence.

The Brownie has noisy fun - he knocks at night, tangles the horses' manes, and hides small things necessary for the owner. To return an item hidden by him (an item that you cannot find in the place where you left it the day before), you should throw a coin into the room with the words:

Neighbor Brownie, here's a coin for you to play with, and give me my (name of the thing).

After this, you need to leave the room for a couple of minutes and close the door. After this time, you will find the lost item in the place where you left it and looked at it several times before, but did not see it.

Nowadays, the theme of the Brownie is very popular - it is a magnificent element of apartment decor and at the same time an effective and powerful amulet. Each Domovushka must contain 12 symbolic items. They serve as symbols such as dried berries, dough products, dried flowers and other symbols. Its base can be anything, but more often a wooden spoon, a wreath, a horseshoe, a bag or a broom is used for this.

The brownie is the spirit of the house, a mischievous and mischievous creature, but always kind and ready to help the owner run the household, protect the house and family. Often Domovushka warned the head of the family about the impending trouble. You need to make friends with this creature and not forget about it, leave food, give some things, throwing them in its corner.

If you cannot detect its presence in your home, make it with your own hands, this is the best and most powerful amulet for your home.

Charms to protect a child

At a time when medicine was not yet developed enough to save a person’s life from a simple cold, he trusted only in the mercy of God and magical protection amulets and talismans.

The very first and strongest protective amulet For a child, a pectoral cross was considered. They tried to put it on the child during the birth process in order to protect the unbaptized baby from evil forces, since the Guardian Angel appears in children only at the age of one year, and according to some beliefs, at the time of baptism.

The child received his next amulet from Mother Nature herself - this was his first baby tooth, which during the change of teeth should have been hidden and kept throughout his life as a talisman or talisman/amulet. Until the moment the child was toothless, he was considered an easy prey for evil spirits, so it was not customary to leave him alone for a single minute.

An important and powerful amulet for him was the shaky - a kind of hanging cradle, bast or made of wicker, wood or wooden slats, with a canopy sewn from the mother’s skirt.

Inside such a shaky place, two criss-cross knives or scissors (opened in the shape of a cross) were hidden under a child’s mattress. A handwritten version of the prayer “Holy Relics” from Psalm 90 or, optionally, a prayer (also handwritten) to the “Honorable Cross” was also placed there.

The baby was protected from evil spirits that entered the house at night with the help of amulets. For example, a broom at night “on the handle” on the threshold of the baby’s room; an alternative was an ax, also placed on the threshold at night with the blade up.

Protective motanka dolls

There was a custom to deliberately smear a child’s face with soot from the stove so that he would not be recognized and carried away by evil spirits. Soot was also smeared on the skin in the projection of the joints and bones of the child, forming a sacred cross.

A belt embroidered with protective symbols was put on the child when he reached the age of one year. It was a beautiful family ritual, to which neighbors and friends were not invited, but only the baby’s godparents. He was ceremoniously girded with this belt, which was supposed to strengthen his protection outside the house.

The baby's mother, with her caring hands, sewed the belt in advance and embroidered it with a protective pattern, the symbols of which were always passed on to the new generation of the family. In the event of the death or sudden death of a baby, this belt, intended only for him, was buried with him.

At the age of seven, it was customary for a child to pin a regular pin(head down), but more often girls wore it.

As a talisman, boys had to carry some sharp object in their pocket - a nail, a planing knife, an awl, handed to him by the hands of their father.

For many centuries, Russian people surrounded their home, themselves and their loved ones with amulets. Nowadays, we use the same protective symbols, although we more often wear them in the form of pendants and other jewelry. Today, along with hand-made amulets, you can purchase a ready-made Russian amulet or jewelry with corresponding symbols. Many amulets have lost their relevance over time, some have transformed and taken on a new form, but faith in them magical power has not disappeared from the Russian people.

Grapevine climbing a tree. (Antique cameo, Berlin Museum).

This is one of the oldest systems, described by various ancient authors. With this approach, grapevines can reach enormous sizes, both in height and in thickness (in a humid climate, up to 25-30 cm in diameter: I. Klingen, “Fundamentals of farming in the Sochi district” 1897, p. 109).

I quote an excerpt from I. Klingen’s book “Fundamentals of Economy in the Sochi District” of 1897 concerning the Maglari system (p. 56).
“Near Hisa (near Vardane) Bell observed the establishment of young vineyards. To do this, they uprooted the forest, planted young trees (mulberry, alder), cleared them of the lower branches, and let the vine climb along them according to the Maglari method. Every 7-10 years the vine was removed and cleared of dry and old shoots; the tree on which it climbed was cleaned and freed from excess branches that shaded the vine with leaves. The old vines sometimes reached 3-6 inches in thickness and wrapped around huge ancient oaks, smothering them in their embrace. In the Sochi Valley there were many vines twining like garlands on huge trees.
…
The following example can serve as a measure of productivity: at the Kuban post, near the mouth of Dagomys, there is an alder tree entwined with a grapevine. Despite the ban issued shortly after the Russians entered the country, one resident cut down an alder tree and extracted exactly 30 pounds of grapes from it. ... Bel was amazed at the abundance of grapes on the trees"

Let me remind you that 1 pood is 16 kg. That. It turns out that 30 poods is 480 kg from one vine!!!

An interesting feature of the Maglari system was that white grapes Most often they used it on mulberry, and red on alder. Alder, by the way, is a good nitrogen fixer (due to the presence of appropriate nitrogen-fixing microorganisms on its root system) and is capable of enriching the soil with this important building material for plants.

I will give another excerpt from the book “Fundamentals of Economy in the Sochi District” (p. 112), which compares the effectiveness of the Western viticulture system introduced to the Caucasus with the original Maglari system:

“...Ten dozen such trees (i.e. 120 trees with a vine on each, note. Sobkalov. A.V.) with good care they will give the same harvest of grapes from a tithe (1.09 hectares note. Sobkalov A.V.), as under the current system and care in native vineyards they receive from 6,000 -10,000, and from Imeretians from fifteen thousand vines; one has only to compare the cost of caring for Maglari with Dablari, and the opportunity to look after a hundred vines better than several thousand - and then all fears about the hassle of treating Maglari will disappear by themselves.”

The presence of mycorrhizae and a healthy rhizosphere in the forest garden will protect such vines from fungal and many other diseases, which is what modern vineyard creators are so afraid of when analyzing the Maglari system.

Many of you have probably already seen photos of living bridges in India made from ficus root shoots (if not, see the photo below). But hardly anyone knows that similar miracles of bioconstruction recently took place here in the Caucasus!

Here is an excerpt from the same source:

“Tornau reports that 7 bridges made of poles, boards and vines were laid across the Mzymta. The bridges are exclusively suspension bridges: 5 of them are for pedestrians and 2 for horses. Garbe saw such a bridge, made of living vines thrown across the river and despite this, continued to grow.”

• Maiden's grapes. An unpretentious liana that can change leaf shades from bright green in spring to crimson in autumn. During the fruitful period, in addition to external beauty, it appears in the form of clusters of blue-black berries; if you choose the right variety, then in addition to beauty, every year you can make grape, jam or wine. Grows very quickly up to 20 m in height. It tolerates winter easily and does not require a special place for planting, as it thrives equally well in the shade and in the sun.

• Clematis. Despite the exotic name, it is very often found in dachas. Externally - long green lashes with small flowers of white, pink or purple. During the flowering period, small stars cover the entire area, making it unique. At the same time, the plant does not require careful care and constant watering, but grows like a “weed.”

• Ivy. He is classified as poisonous plants Therefore, when planting and caring, you should follow safety precautions and wear gloves. At the same time, beautiful carved green leaves can densely cover any hedge, turning it into a miracle of nature. It tolerates cold well, so it is common in Russia, and can also grow on the sunny or shady side of the site.

• Climbing rose. Flowers have a pleasant aroma and delicate beauty from nature. They love fertile soil, so in the spring it is worth applying mineral or special fertilizers. Fast growth not only in height, but also in width will allow you to quickly cover the entire area of ​​the fence, adding causticity and beauty to it. Plants must be planted at a distance of a meter from each other.

• Actinidia– a useful and unpretentious creation of nature. The beauty of the leaves and flowers results in edible fruits that taste like... Bell pepper or gooseberries. Berries are rich in vitamin C, which is so lacking in city life. The plant reaches a height of 15 m, wrapping around the entire support provided. Tolerates frosts well, surviving even in Siberia.

This is only a part of the plants that can become a wonderful living pattern in a country house or around a private home. Care for each variety and species is different, but not as thorough as for indoor species. Some can be trimmed to prevent them from growing too wide.

Fast-growing climbing plants for the garden with photo and name, as well as care recommendations

Perennial climbing plants are very diverse. When choosing an option for a summer cottage, it is worth considering that you do not live there permanently, as in, therefore, caring for flowers and shrubs should be minimal.

Despite little care for living decor, many species can surpass specially grown garden crops in their beauty and benefits. Let's take a closer look at the most popular and interesting specimens with photos and some recommendations for care.

Varieties of flowering perennial vines for country fences

Blooming perennial vines are an excellent option for vertical gardening in a summer cottage. They can decorate not only the fence, but also arches or even the house itself. The choice of plant must be carefully selected so that it tolerates the soil type and climatic conditions well.

Also important is the appearance, which must correspond to the overall composition of the site.

• Among the most common and easy to care for plants are:
• actinidia;
• bougainvillea;
• Chinese wisteria;
• decorative honeysuckle;
• Kampsis rooting;
• Honeysuckle;
• Kirkazon;
• clematis;
• prince of Siberia;
• Chinese lemongrass;
• climbing rose;
• Echinocystis.

We’ll talk about each type in more detail, including methods of caring for plants. So that you can pick up suitable option For your own sake, below are photos of flower varieties.

Actinidia: planting and caring for the plant

Actinidia is classified as a type of woody vine. In nature it grows in South-East Asia and the Himalayas, as well as in the Far East. One of the varieties of the family is kiwi, the fruits of which are known to everyone.

As decorative element use deciduous perennial actinidia with whole or thin leaves. It is the interesting shape of the foliage that makes this vine an excellent option for decorating fences in country houses. There are mainly two varieties used:

• Arguta– length reaches 20 m, blooms in June, and bears fruit in September. The berries taste similar to gooseberries.

• Kolomikta- outwardly similar to the first type, but differs in the non-simultaneous ripening of fruits, which reach maturity from August to late autumn. And also the roughness of the leaves serves as an additional decor.

When thinking about what is better to choose: actinidia arguta or kolomikta, summer residents rely on the taste and ripening time of the fruit. And also on small external differences in plants.

As for planting and caring for actinidia, they are common to any option:

Purchase	It is better to purchase seedlings that are presented in garden stores. When choosing, pay attention to root system, which must be protected from wind and heat, otherwise the plant will die. Buy options with a closed root system up to 3 years old.
Disembarkation	You need to buy female and male versions of the plant for pollination and fruit production. Planted in partial shade. You can choose a place along or along the fence. You should not place the plant near apple trees, as such proximity is unacceptable. Also, choose a dry area to prevent waterlogging of the root system. Be sure to plant in the spring before sap flow at a distance of a meter from each other.
Care	Weeding is required near the plant during the period of active growth. If you notice it, be sure to treat it with special means. Watering is required only in dry summers.
Top dressing	Are used mineral fertilizers in the spring. For each m² of plot, 35 g of nitrogen, 20 g of phosphorus and potash fertilizers. Autumn nourishes the soil after harvesting.
Trimming	Proper care stimulates the growth of new shoots. It is possible at the age of 3 years, when actinidia gets stronger. Throughout the summer you can give it the desired shape.
Wintering	During the cold season, you need to cover the plant. To do this, make a 2-3 cm layer of dry leaves around the trunk. Such care is required only for young shoots.

By following all the recommendations, you will grow beautiful actinidia on your site, which will not only turn into a living fence, but will also bear valuable fruits rich in vitamins. To make it easier to understand the characteristics of the plant, watch the video:

Bougainvillea: growing and care in the garden

Bougainvillea is a small climbing shrub with thorns. It grows naturally in Brazil and blooms for 9 months in a row. Decorative options have different shapes, large and colorful flowers from lilac to white.

Such a beautiful and exotic plant does not require careful care, but it is worth following the recommendations:

Reproduction	At the end of spring or at the beginning of summer, cuttings are cut off. Then, place them in warm water for 3 hours, then dip them in root powder and plant them in the ground. The soil is the same as for an adult plant, but peat is added instead of humus.
Care	This is a sun-loving plant. And for the winter, bougainvillea should be covered or wrapped, especially the root system, so that the temperature does not drop below +8 ⁰C.
Watering and fertilizing	It often stands during active growth, and spraying also has a good effect on the plant. warm water. In spring and early summer, you can apply mineral or organic fertilizers twice a week.
Trimming	From this process The appearance of the flower depends entirely. Pruning to stimulate the growth of side shoots is carried out in spring and autumn. And throughout the summer you can trim the ends of the branches decoratively.

Bougainvillea is a rather heat-loving plant, so it is unlikely to be suitable for growing conditions in Siberia. But in central Russia it is quite possible to wrap a flower for the winter and enjoy the beauty of its colors all summer.

To make it easier to care for bougainvillea, watch the video on the topic:

Chinese wisteria: planting and care

White or light purple clusters of flowers will attract the attention of passers-by to your unusual summer cottage. All summer long, wisteria gives extraordinary beauty to its inflorescences, while it grows well in open ground and does not require careful care.

Among all the varieties, the most popular is Chinese wisteria, the height of which reaches 20 m, and the brushes have a pleasant lilac hue and can grow up to 30 cm in length. Even if you prefer a different variety, you should pay attention to several care recommendations:

Disembarkation	A perennial plant requires a lot of space for good development of the root system. At the same time, choose a place where the sun will shine openly on the wisteria for at least half a day. As for the soil, plant in a slightly alkaline environment in early spring.
Care	Young shoots should be tied up so that the trunk can withstand heavy loads of flowering vines. For the winter, plants are wrapped by removing shoots from their supports.
Watering	Do not over-moisten the soil, otherwise the root system will rot. In September, they practically stop watering wisteria in order to...
Trimming	At the beginning of summer or at the end of spring, it is necessary to prune the branches for proper bud formation. Last year's shoots are left no more than 30 cm long. After buds form, the shoots should be shortened a little more (by 2 buds).
Wintering	Pay special attention to young shoots, which must be wrapped for the winter. They are removed from the supports and laid on the ground; the top should be lightly sprinkled with earth and a layer of fallen leaves should be made. And also lay down special material for full protection plants.

More detailed instructions about care is presented in the video:

Decorative climbing honeysuckle: photos and some care tips

Honeysuckle is a common name for Russia. Many summer residents plant this beautiful climbing plant with a growth height of up to 6 m on their plots. It is perfect for vertical decoration, so honeysuckle is placed along fences or next to the walls of buildings and.

It is unpretentious, grows quickly and produces abundant flowering in the summer with a pleasant, delicate aroma. Just don’t taste the honeysuckle fruits – they are inedible. There are a few care recommendations:

• Buy seedlings under the age of 3 years and without damage to the root system.
• Plant in early autumn or late spring in a hole 50 by 50 by 50 cm and at a distance of a meter from each other.
• When planting, add 100 g of superphosphate and 50 g of potassium fertilizer to the soil. Water with warm water.
• Honeysuckle loves moisture, so it requires water throughout the entire period until autumn to prepare the plant for winter. Watering should be done in the evening and it is better to loosen the soil first.

• Pruning is done after the first year of life in open ground. The more often you shorten the branches, the more abundantly the plant will bloom.
• Decorative honeysuckle does not like frost, so the root system should be carefully covered.

Here are some interesting photo examples of plants for decorating fences and other elements of summer cottages:

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Rooting campsis: photos and breeding methods

Campsis is a beautiful and delicate plant, suitable for creating a hedge or decorating a home. This perennial vine raises its tent to a height of up to 15 m. The shoots spiral around the support, and with age the trunks become woody and resemble the outlines of fairy-tale trees.

The inflorescences are collected from several large orange or scarlet tubular flowers, pleasing the eye from June to September. Campsis rooting came from North America, and to grow such beauty you should follow a few simple rules:

Recommendations for landing	The shrub can grow in any soil, but for abundant flowering it is better to choose fertile and loose soil. Before planting seedlings, it is worth adding fertilizer to the ground in the form of humus or complex mineral compounds. Ideal time to transfer to open ground– early April, when there will be no more winter frosts.
Care and watering	Campsis easily tolerates drought, but for abundant flowering it is better to water regularly. Additional fertilizing is not required, and pruning should be done in the spring before bud formation or in the fall after the growing season.
Wintering	The winter hardiness of rooting Kampsis is average. If the frost does not exceed -20⁰С, you can not insulate, but only protect the root system with a layer of fallen leaves.
Reproduction	You can grow it yourself from seeds, but you will have to wait seven years for the first flowering. It’s easier and faster to purchase seedlings or make layerings. To do this, dig in several shoots growing close to the ground.

Important! Rooting campsis can grow its roots into cracks in the foundation and walls of a house, rising to the roof, so it is recommended to use a trellis for planting.

Here are some tips in the shrub care video:

Honeysuckle honeysuckle: photo, planting and care

Fragrant honeysuckle honeysuckle is in great demand in Russian gardens. Many summer residents and owners of private houses plant this shrub for vertical gardening, decorating fences, houses, etc.

The flowers are small and graceful and look great on a “hedge” during the flowering period. There is nothing complicated in planting and caring for a plant, so even novice gardeners can handle it. Here are some guidelines to follow:

• It is better to plant immediately in a permanent place in well-moistened and loosened soil.
• Add fertilizers in the form of humus, peat or organic mixtures to the hole prepared for planting.
• During active growth, it is worth fertilizing the vine with potassium mixtures once every 2 weeks.

• The shrub tolerates heat well, but from severe frosts it is worth wrapping the root system.
• During the period of fertilization, it will be useful to mulch the soil, which reduces the growth rate of weeds and maintains soil moisture.
• The vine should be shaped not only by the support it will envelop, but also by pruning to give the plant fullness.

By following these simple rules, you can easily grow a beautiful decor from a tent of leaves on your site. In addition to honeysuckle, there are several more commonly found varieties:

• Brown's honeysuckle. The leaves are elliptical in shape, the underside of which has a bluish tint. The flowers are usually red-orange. Blooms from June to October. At proper care The liana can survive even the most severe frosts.

• Honeysuckle Henry. Flowers of a yellow-red hue, delighting with their beauty from July to August. The fruits are blue-black and the foliage is bright green.

• Honeysuckle Gecrotte. The vine reaches a height of 6 m and a width of up to 4 m, so the plant should be planted at a distance of at least 1 m from each other. It grows upright and climbs strongly. The leaves are dark bluish-green, and the flowers have a yellow-white edge. It is better to grow in partial shade. Tolerates frosts well.

Choose a suitable honeysuckle variety that will delight you with its beauty and aroma for a long time. Moreover, caring for the plant is minimal, which means you will spend little effort.

Kirkazon Manchurian: care features

Kirkazon is a perennial liana. It has another name - aristolochia. There are about 360 species that grow in the tropical zone. This exotic shrub will be a wonderful decoration for any garden plot.

It has lush foliage with sharp, heart-shaped tips. It is distinguished by its endurance and high growth rate. One branch can reach 10 m in length. The flowers are creamy-brown in color, and the leaves are covered with light hairs, giving a special charm to the plant.

To grow Kirkazon vines, you should follow several rules for planting and care:

Disembarkation	Spring and autumn are perfect for planting shrubs in open ground. Choose a place without direct sunlight; partial shade is best. Be sure to make a layer of crushed stone and sand in the hole. Cuttings take root best when they are under 3 years old. Keep a distance of 1 m between plants.
Care	Be sure to water the plant regularly and ensure that the top layer of soil does not dry out. An adult vine requires about 10 liters of water. In the hot summer, the leaves are additionally sprayed. Branches that are too tall and dried shoots should be trimmed. And also feed the soil with mullein tincture in a concentration of 1 to 10 twice a season.

Here are a few photographic examples of how Kirkazon is used in landscape design of various areas:

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Clematis: planting and care in open ground

Delicate clematis flowers attract the attention of many summer residents. Large flowers of a wide variety of shades, cascading down like a waterfall, will become amazing decoration any fence. The variability of varieties allows everyone to choose the right option for themselves.

To properly care for clematis in open ground, you should follow simple recommendations:

• To plant seedlings, choose a place with big amount sunlight, but protected from wind and waterlogging of the soil.
• When planting along the house, leave at least half a meter for roots to grow. And it is not recommended to plant along dense metal fence, because it produces too much heat in the summer.

• Feed the dug hole 60 by 60 cm with mineral fertilizers or a homemade mixture of compost, humus, garden soil and sand.
• It is worth planting in spring or summer, but choose seedlings with a closed root system and use the method of transferring from a pot to the ground.

• Water the bush generously 1-2 times a week; if it is very hot, double the amount of watering.
• For wintering, all dried leaves are removed, and they are used to make a “cushion” of insulation for the cold period.

Knyazhik is a close relative of clematis. The liana has beautiful bell flowers and graceful foliage. Looks beautiful as a frame for a fence or terrace. Caring for the plant is not difficult, but it is worth watering and pruning the shoots on time.

To avoid problems with growing Siberian princeling, follow a few care recommendations:

Planting a plant	The best time for planting is mid-May. For the vine, prepare a hole measuring 60 by 60 by 60 cm and add fertilizer from humus and compost, as well as some wood ash. If the soil acidity in the area is high, you can add slaked lime. Be sure to make drainage from small pebbles and sand. For planting, choose cuttings at the age of 2 years - they take root best in new conditions.
Watering	The prince does not like too dry soil, so watering should be done once a week so that the soil is well saturated up to 0.5 m in depth. During intense summer heat, the number of times should be increased to 2-3 in 7 days.
Top dressing	Once every 2 months, replenish the soil balance with microelements by applying mineral fertilizers with urea and mullein.
Care	It is imperative to mulch the soil: there are special ones for this that allow you to provide an influx of oxygen, reduce the formation of weeds and avoid drying out of the roots. The plant should be covered for the winter.

How to place a flower on your site? Here are some photographic examples of planted vines:

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Schisandra chinensis: cultivation and care

Chinese lemongrass - healthy and beautiful bush with edible fruits. The liana is covered with greenery from early spring until autumn; during the flowering period it pleases with its whiteness and fragrant aroma flowers, and in the fall bright red clusters of fruits appear against the background of yellowing foliage.

The plant is unpretentious and tolerates frost well. It is enough to follow a few recommendations for care and planting in open ground, and the perennial vine will delight you with its beauty for a long time, bringing benefits:

• It is best to plant cuttings at the end of April. The vines are placed at a distance of a meter from each other and in holes up to 40 cm deep. The addition of mineral fertilizers is also necessary.

• During the growing season, it is recommended to feed them once every 2-3 weeks with mullein in a ratio of 1 to 10. The shrub begins to bloom and bear fruit only at 6-7 years of age.
• Water frequently and also spray the foliage with warm water.
• Be sure to provide supports so that the vine can curl freely.
• Pruning of the vine is carried out only from the 3rd year of life, while the shoots are thinned out, leaving only the 3-6 strongest. Shorten branches better in autumn when active flowering is over.
• In winter, a layer of fallen leaves is placed on the soil near the trunk of young shoots. Mature vines do not need shelter.

The harvest is harvested in the fall, the berries are dried and used to make tinctures or added to tea. For more information about caring for Schisandra chinensis, watch the video:

White Bryonia - a common species country vine. Easy to care for and unpretentiousness allows you to plant the plant in Russia without fear of winter cold.

To create a dense hedge, it is enough to take very little care of the vine:

• Plant a shrub with sunny side plot into any loosened soil. It is worth making a frame in advance, as the vine grows quickly.
• They propagate by tubers or seeds, planting them in the ground in the fall and observing germination in the spring.
• For the winter, it is still worth protecting the plant from severe frosts.

There are no requirements for watering and fertilizing, so even a novice gardener can grow such a hedge.

Before the owner of a garden plot or a private house in rural areas The question always arises about the source of water. Experts know what difficulties you can encounter if you plan to equip a well or borehole. The task of finding water hidden in the depths of the earth seems simple only at first glance. It is unknown whether there is water on the site and what its quality is. The ancient practice of dowsing can tell you in which direction to search.

In this article

Vine device

Dowsing, or dowsing, is a method of scanning an area using a vine—a freshly cut tree branch. The most suitable species is willow. Firstly, its branches are highly elastic. Secondly, willow is a very resilient tree, which indicates the strong energy of the plant. But if there are no willows growing nearby, then another tree with flexible branches will do. It is important that the branch is not brittle and bends easily.

To make a vine, you should select a forked branch and cut it just below the fork. You should get a slingshot that resembles the letter U. The recommended handle thickness is 8–12 millimeters and a length of 30–50 centimeters; the exact dimensions are selected according to the width of the operator’s shoulders.

Such a tool remains operational for 2-3 days. When a branch dries out and loses its firmness and elasticity, it makes no sense to use it for dowsing.

How to make a frame

In addition to the vine, you can use a dowsing frame made of metal wire to search for water in the area. Such an indicator is sold in stores specializing in esoteric items, but it is easy to make with your own hands. Since working with a pair of indicators shows more accurate results, it is advisable to make two identical bioframes.

1. You will need two pieces of wire with a cross-section from two to five millimeters and a length of about 40 centimeters, two ballpoint pen housings. Experts recommend choosing a metal with the highest electrical conductivity, and therefore the most suitable materials for the frame would be copper, brass or aluminum. However, iron and steel wire will also work for this purpose.
2. The rod should be bent at an angle of 90 degrees. The bend is at the point that divides the length of the wire in a ratio of 1:2.5.
3. We insert the short end of the frame into the empty ballpoint pen housing. The frame is ready for use.

DIY frame

Where is water most often found?

A slice of soil is like a layer cake, with each layer represented by different rocks. Water, as a rule, lies at the boundary of layers. Depending on the depth, water resources are divided into the following categories:

1. The groundwater. They are located at a distance of 4 to 5 meters from the surface of the earth. They are also called verkhovodka.
2. A little deeper is the groundwater layer. The distance to the surface reaches 8–10 meters.
3. Interstratal waters are located at a depth of 10 to 100 meters.
4. And finally, artesian waters, which pass at depths of more than 100 meters. Let us immediately make a reservation that it will not be possible to detect such resources using dowsing.

Aquifer diagram

Sometimes the terrain itself gives clues that people are passing nearby. groundwater. By studying the relief and nature of vegetation, you can get an answer to how likely it is to find water underground.

1. There is very little chance of detecting groundwater in hilly areas, especially at high points.
2. There is also no point in looking for water if there are mouse holes or a colony of red ants on the site.
3. A clear sign that groundwater is present is thick green grass in a dry summer. It is also worth paying attention to mosquitoes and midges. These insects sense moisture and hover near it.
4. The behavior of domestic animals also indicates where the underground source is hidden. Dogs prefer dry areas, while cats are drawn to areas with waterways running underneath them.
5. Plants can tell you how deep the aquifer is. Reed, horse sorrel and coltsfoot indicate a depth of 3 meters. Licorice and wormwood grow where the water is hidden 5 meters from the surface.
6. Trees that indicate a water vein include alder, willow or birch.
7. Some indicate the proximity of groundwater natural phenomena. For example, creeping fog in the evenings and heavy morning dew.

How to look for water correctly

The search for underground sources is carried out by hydrogeologists, who have in their arsenal scientifically based methods for detecting underground water layers.

Measurements electrical resistance different layers of soil allow a specialist to collect data on the basis of which he makes a forecast of the availability of groundwater in a given area. The analysis may give inaccurate results if there are railways and utilities in the vicinity: pipelines, power lines, telephone networks.

A more accurate, but more expensive method is auger drilling, carried out taking into account the hydrogeological map of the area.

Auger drilling

Finding water using frames or vines

Despite the fact that hydrogeologists have at their disposal modern methods search, the vine will be a good help for studying the area for the presence of water. And it is with its help that preliminary searches are carried out.

The principle is quite simple. Water always carries energy, and the vine will certainly react to this energy. In the neutral zone, where there are no underground flows, the vine will remain motionless. And at the point where the aquifer passes, we will notice the indicator moving up or down. The intensity of the deviation indicates the strength of the water flow and the thickness of the aquifer.

It is easier for a beginner to work with two metal frames. Moving slowly around the area, the operator monitors the rotation of the frames. In the neutral area, the frames maintain their original position (directed forward). If the frames begin to converge at some point, this means a reaction to the movement of water underground.

Finding water using a frame

Having marked the possible points of the presence of an aquifer on the ground, you can begin test drilling to verify the readings of the frame.

Samples of the detected water must be sent for examination to a laboratory, where specialists will evaluate its composition and quality.

In this video, a hydrogeologist will tell you how to properly look for water in the area:

When is the best time to dig a well?

So the location groundwater, suitable for use, found. However, you should not rush to equip a well or borehole.

Weather aspect

The fact is that the groundwater level is not constant. Depends on the time of year and precipitation level. If you dig a well during heavy rainfall, you will later find out that its depth is insufficient. In winter or during drought, groundwater may drop lower, and the well will stop producing water for you. Thus, there is no point in digging a well during the spring flood period or during a very rainy summer.

Astrological aspect

The waxing moon phase is ideal for constructing a well or borehole. The falling moon is unfavorable for this kind of work. Moreover, experts recommend clarifying in which zodiac sign the Moon is located. She must be in the element of Water, that is, in Cancer, Scorpio or Pisces.

Dowsing is not just about finding water

Allows you not only to search for water personal plot. They have a wide range of applications.

1. In the distant past, vines were used in mining to discover ore deposits. Treasure hunters, armed with an indicator, tried.
2. Archaeologists and historians will find the frame useful for searching for ancient burials and cultural monuments of the past. An authoritative expert on dowsing, A. Pluzhnikov, using a frame, recreated the exact layout of the ancient monastery.
3. There are known cases when the bioenergy frame helped criminologists in investigating complicated cases, pointed to the criminal, and determined the location of missing people.
4. During combat in Vietnam, the US Army used bioframes to clear plastic mines that could not be found with a conventional mine detector.
5. Dowsing works effectively in identifying favorable and unfavorable areas of the terrain. This technique helps to choose the right place to build a house or when arranging furniture in an apartment. Areas with a positive energy background are ideal for relaxation. On the contrary, areas with pathogenic energy cause a deterioration in well-being, and with prolonged stay on them they become the cause of serious illnesses.
6. Dowsing instruments will help not only in finding lost things, but also in determining the quality of food. The garden plot has the most suitable places for planting.
7. Traditional healers, using frameworks, examine the general condition of the body and individual organs, identify anomalies in the functioning of vital important systems at the earliest stage.
8. For lovers of esotericism, the frame will provide a lot of detailed information about the aura, chakras and other subtle matters.

Summarize

Dowsing – good tool to search for groundwater. But achieving accurate results is an art. Mastering the dowsing indicator will take time and patience. You need to spend at least 30 minutes a day training with the frame and develop your powers of observation. Only in this way will you master dowsing to perfection and tune your consciousness to the perception of the subtle world.

A little about the author:

Evgeniy Tukubaev The right words and your faith are the key to success in the perfect ritual. I will provide you with information, but its implementation directly depends on you. But don’t worry, a little practice and you will succeed!