Eucalyptus in Latin. Uses of eucalyptus: antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and other therapeutic effects

The medicinal properties of eucalyptus globulus have been used by mankind since ancient times. Its antiseptic properties are compared with quinine and are used even where all antibiotics are powerless. Preparations from the plant are created on an industrial scale, and traditional healers include eucalyptus in most antimicrobial preparations.

General characteristics of the tree

Eucalyptus grows well in natural conditions, but its great value forces humanity to additionally grow the tree. This is not surprising, because the price is not only for the leaves, as medicinal raw materials, but also for the bark and wood of the plant.

Places of growth

The eucalyptus tree is classified as a fast-growing tree. In tropical climates, it can reach 30 m in height in just 15 years. It is actively grown for industrial processing in Africa, America, the southern part of Europe, as well as in the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. In the wild, eucalyptus grows almost throughout Australia, on the island of Tasmania. These places are considered his homeland.

Eucalyptus globulus prefers moist soil with good drainage. Feels great on soil mixed with sand, clay, and small stones. Although eucalyptus is considered a very heat-loving plant, it can withstand light frosts (down to −8 °C). When the temperature drops even further, the tree dies, freezing from the root.

What does it look like

Eucalyptus globulus is an evergreen plant. In nature, there are trees up to 80 m tall, their diameter reaches two meters. That is, eucalyptus is quite a worthy competitor to the American Sequoia both in height and in the massiveness of the trunk. At the same time, the tree simply surprises with its voluminous crown of a regular spherical shape.

• Bark. The trunk and branches of globular eucalyptus are covered with medium-thick bark of an unusual color - white-gray with a blue tint. Deep grooves can be traced on the surface, formed as a result of the gradual peeling of the upper layers of the bark. Parts of it often hang from the tree, falling off from time to time.
• Leaves. All foliage on a tree is divided into young and old. The first is represented by leaves “sitting” on young shoots, closely enveloping them. The color is bright gray, the surface is leathery. Even young leaves are quite large - from 7 to 16 cm long and up to 10 cm wide. It is in the young foliage that the largest amount of essential oil, rich in the antiseptic cineole, accumulates. Large old leaves, thanks to the petiole, turn with their edges towards sun rays. They are shiny, dark green in color, and have a crescent-lanceolate shape. Dimensions range from 10 to 30 cm long and 3-4 cm wide.
• Flowers.
• Eucalyptus blooms with light axillary flowers for the first time in October, in the third year of tree growth. Flowering is short-lived.

Fetus. Presented as a tube-shaped box. It reaches 15 cm in length and 30 cm in width. There are several grooves on the surface of the box. Inside there are one or two seeds, which finally ripen only after a year and a half. Powerful root system

eucalyptus is able to draw moisture from a large area. For this quality, the tree is also called a “natural pump” and is planted in swampy areas that require drainage.

Leaf harvesting process

Eucalyptus leaves are used as medicinal raw materials. In order to obtain them, wild and specially grown trees are pruned in the fall. The cut branches are carefully folded so as not to damage the leaves. During the collection of raw materials, annual pruning occurs in order to form a dense crown. The branches along with the leaves are tied into small brooms and hung in a shaded place on outdoors

or in a well-ventilated area. When drying, the leaves release vapors containing phytoncides. They are able to disinfect and purify the air in any room. Dry branches are wrapped in paper and topped with a plastic bag. Store suspended for two years in a dry place with good ventilation. If it is necessary to separate the leaves from the branches, they are placed in a glass or plastic container and hermetically sealed. Store protected from light. If dryers are used to procure raw materials, it is necessary to maintain a reduced temperature regime

35°C to avoid evaporation of essential oil.

Composition and medicinal properties of eucalyptus

• The beneficial properties of eucalyptus, namely its activity against most existing microbes and anti-inflammatory effect, are due to the multicomponent chemical composition of the leaves:
• essential oil (contains antiseptics and aromatic substances);
• tanning components;
• flavonoids (antioxidants and anti-inflammatory);
• minerals (K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cr, Zn);
• coumaric, cinnamic organic acids.

In fact chemical composition Eucalyptus globulus is much more complex. One essential oil consists of 40 types of volatile components. It is this extensive natural combination that gives the antimicrobial effect of eucalyptus, comparable to synthetic antibacterial drugs.

pharmachologic effect

In the official and folk medicine the use of eucalyptus leaves accompanies the therapy of a huge list of diseases, because the plant has a number of healing properties, effective even in complex pathologies.

• Antimicrobial action. Manifested through content large quantities volatile substances with bacteriostatic, bactericidal, antifungal activity. It has been scientifically proven that preparations with eucalyptus are effective in eliminating the following pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, dysenteric amoeba, Trichomonas, streptococci, coli. A bacteriostatic effect is observed regarding Pseudomonas aeruginosa and typhoid bacilli. This spectrum of action allows the use of eucalyptus for the treatment of bacterial carriage, infections of the upper respiratory tract, for trophic ulcers, infected wounds, furunculosis, fungal diseases.
• Anti-inflammatory effect. The effect is manifested by eliminating pathogenic bacteria, as well as due to the presence of flavonoids. At the same time, normal blood supply to the tissues is restored, and signs of inflammation (swelling, hyperthermia and soreness) disappear. The anti-inflammatory effect of eucalyptus leaves is actively used for the treatment of skin lesions, as well as internal diseases of an inflammatory nature: gastritis, enterocolitis, pyelonephritis, prostatitis. Elimination of the inflammatory process is accompanied by the wound-healing and analgesic effect of the plant.
• Expectorant action. Occurs due to dilation of blood vessels in the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract. This leads to normalization of secretory processes in the bronchial mucosa and improved removal of viscous sputum. The bactericidal vapors of eucalyptus help cleanse the lungs of bacteria that cause bronchitis, pneumonia, pleurisy, and tuberculosis.
• Cardiotonic influence. The use of drugs with eucalyptus has a beneficial effect on the work of the heart muscle - its endurance increases, the amplitude of contractions increases, and the supply of oxygen to the myocardium improves. Regular ingestion of products containing eucalyptus will serve as an excellent prevention of coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, and heart failure.
• Sedative effect. Under the influence of essential oils from eucalyptus leaves, a decrease in the excitability of the central nervous system is observed. This effect allows you to eliminate insomnia, increase the body’s resistance to stress, and neutralize anxiety and depression.
• Effect on digestion. Eucalyptus stimulates the secretion of food juices due to the presence of bitterness. Increases appetite, exhibits mild choleretic and diuretic effects.

The enormous benefits of eucalyptus lie not so much in the listed effects, but in their combination and strength. Combination pharmacological properties allows you to significantly speed up the healing process for diseases of a bacterial nature.

Use in folk medicine

Eucalyptus globulus is tropical tree, so residents can prepare its leaves at home middle zone pretty hard. Fortunately, every pharmacy sells already dried leaves. And not as a dietary supplement, but as a real standardized raw material collected from a pharmacopoeial plant. But for successful treatment it is important to use this medicine correctly.

Infusion

Peculiarities. Used internally to treat wet and dry cough with bronchitis, pneumonia, tracheitis. The use of eucalyptus in the form of an infusion is advisable for gargling with laryngitis, sore throat, tonsillitis; regular rinsing of the mouth will help with stomatitis and periodontal disease.

Preparation and use

1. Pour half a liter of boiling water 10 g dried leaves eucalyptus.
2. Leave for a quarter of an hour, then strain.
3. Take 40-50 ml orally four times a day.
4. Before rinsing, warm the infusion slightly and apply three times a day.

Decoction

Peculiarities. Suitable for compresses and rinses. Indications for use include phlegmon, abscess, furunculosis, purulent wounds, trophic ulcers, purulent mastitis.

Preparation and use

1. Place 20 g of eucalyptus leaves in a saucepan, pour 200 ml of boiling water.
2. Cover the mixture and keep in a water bath for a quarter of an hour.
3. Leave for 10 minutes, strain, squeeze out the pulp.
4. Bring boiled water to a volume of 200 ml.
5. Treat the affected surface twice a day or apply a compress for two hours, soaking a piece of cotton fabric in the broth.

Tea

Peculiarities. Can be used as a general tonic before the cold season for complex treatment influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections. The product is recommended for lack of appetite, poor digestion, and dysbacteriosis.

Preparation and use

1. Pour a cup of boiling water (250 ml) over 30 g of dried eucalyptus leaves.
2. Let it brew for a quarter of an hour.
3. Drink in small sips throughout the day.

Tincture

Peculiarities. It is used internally for acute respiratory viral infections, bronchitis, laryngitis, pneumonia, malaria, stomach diseases, inflammation of the gallbladder, and intestinal infections. Externally used for rubbing the back for radiculitis, injuries, dislocations, sprains. In folk medicine, douching is popular for healing erosion of the cervical canal (cervix) with. There is a ready-made pharmacy option.

Preparation and use

1. Fill a dark glass bottle with a capacity of 0.5-0.7 liters by a third with crushed fresh eucalyptus leaves.
2. Add granulated sugar to half the entire volume of the bottle.
3. Place the vessel for four days in dark place, tying the neck with gauze.
4. Add half a liter of vodka to the resulting syrup and mix well.
5. Leave for a week in a dark place.
6. Strain into a clean container, squeezing out the pulp thoroughly.
7. When taken orally, add 20-30 drops of tincture to 50 ml of water. Take three times a day.
8. For external use, including douching, mix 200 ml together warm water and a teaspoon of the drug. Use a cotton or gauze swab to treat damaged areas twice a day.

Inhalations

Peculiarities. Effectively eliminate bacterial diseases of the upper respiratory tract, tracheitis. Used for runny nose, sinusitis, nasal congestion, headache.

Preparation and use

1. For inhalation, cool a glass of boiled water to a temperature of 60-70°C.
2. Add 15 ml of decoction, 20 drops of alcohol tincture, or 10-15 drops of eucalyptus oil to the prepared water.
3. Breathe in steam, covering your head with a towel, twice a day.

Oil

Peculiarities. is a clear, colorless liquid with a characteristic aroma of cineole. Has strong bactericidal properties. Used after dilution with water or indifferent oil. Pure oil is used only for herpes rashes.

Preparation and use

1. Sold in pharmacies in dark glass jars. Mined industrial methods from fresh leaves.
2. For rinses, lotions, compresses, inhalations, 15-20 drops of oil are diluted with a glass of water.
3. Evaporating the oil using an aroma lamp helps disinfect the air in the room.

It is advisable to add eucalyptus essential oil to hair shampoos and facial cleansers. The short-term effect of natural antiseptics helps get rid of seborrhea, excessive oily scalp, acne, and dermatitis.

Eucalyptus is included in ready-made medicines. These are throat sprays “Kameton”, “Inhalipt”, eucalyptus extract - “Chlorophyllipt”, lozenges “Eucalypt-M”. All drugs are distinguished by antimicrobial activity and have been successfully used in official medicine for a long time.

Contraindications and side effects

The healing properties of eucalyptus make the plant an indispensable assistant in the home treatment of bacterial diseases. However, like any other medicine, Eucalyptus globulus leaves should be used only for their intended purpose. Recipes for preparing infusions, decoctions, and tinctures from leaves must be strictly followed to prevent unwanted effects of the self-prepared drug.

Side effects from the use of dried eucalyptus leaves can include allergic reactions: redness of the skin, rash, itching. As a rule, such phenomena disappear immediately after stopping use of the plant. According to reviews, external use of eucalyptus preparations causes allergies very rarely.

Also, before using medicinal raw materials, you need to make sure that there are no contraindications to eucalyptus:

• use during pregnancy and breastfeeding is undesirable;
• individual sensitivity reactions;
• heart failure;
• renal failure.

Before using eucalyptus essential oil, you need to do an allergy test: apply the oil to the inner bend of your elbow and evaluate the skin reaction after 20 minutes. Due to the high concentration of volatile substances and the local vasodilating effect, slight redness of the skin is acceptable after applying the oil. The oil should not cause any burning, pain or itching. At the right approach and following the instructions, it is impossible to harm the body with eucalyptus.

The eucalyptus globulus tree is a source of valuable plant materials and essential oils, the properties of which go far beyond antimicrobial effects. The most popular treatment for cough is eucalyptus, but even with incipient heart disorders or work disorders nervous system This plant will help restore the proper functioning of the body.

Eucalyptus globulus - Eucalyptus globulus Labill.

Ash eucalyptus (gray) - Eucalyptus cinerea F. Muell. et Benth.

Eucalyptus twig - Eucalyptus viminalis Labill.

Myrtle family - Myrtaceae

Botanical characteristics. Eucalyptus trees are evergreen, tall, fast-growing trees with smooth bark. In Eucalyptus globulus, the periderm peels off and hangs in long ribbons. This species reaches a height of 45 m. Thanks to its ability to absorb great amount moisture and release it into the air, as well as the property of the petioles to turn the leaves with their edges towards the sun, eucalyptus trees are pump trees and soil dryers. Eucalyptus globulus leaves have heterophyly. Young leaves are opposite, soft, covered with a layer of wax, bluish in color, ovate-heart-shaped. Old leaves have a characteristic appearance - they are leathery, short-petioled, alternate, often crescent-shaped, located perpendicular to the ground, so the trees provide little shade. The flowers are large, with a large number stamens and an inconspicuous corolla. The fruit is a capsule with small seeds. Other types of eucalyptus (ash and twig-shaped) are distinguished by thicker, non-falling bark, shorter tree height, and greater frost resistance. It blooms in autumn at the 3-5th year of life. The seeds ripen in 1-2 years. Eucalyptus rodum is the most common species.

Spreading. Eucalyptus is native to Australia and its surrounding islands. Cultivated on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus, Azerbaijan and Central Asia.

Habitat. Plants are light-loving. They mainly grow on fertilized fertile soil. They propagate by seeds, which are germinated in greenhouses. Trees damaged by frost or cut down quickly regenerate with growth.

Procurement of raw materials, drying. Leaves formed in this growing season can be collected no earlier than November, when the content of cineole in the essential oil is at least 60%, and leaves that have overwintered can be collected at any time of the year. The leaves of each eucalyptus are collected separately. The collection is carried out outside settlements with permission from local organizations. Standing on a ladder, thin branches 70-80 cm long are cut with pruning shears or a saw. Usually, no more than 50% of the lower part of the crown is cut off. The cut branches are delivered for drying.

At the drying site, the leaves are separated from the stems and dried on racks, scattered in a layer up to 10 cm thick, in rooms with good ventilation; The leaves are stirred periodically. Heat drying is possible at a temperature not exceeding 40°C.

Standardization. The quality of eucalyptus leaves is regulated by the requirements of the State Fund XI and Amendment. No. 1.

Security measures. It is better to combine the procurement of raw materials with decorative pruning landing Branches should not be broken off.

External signs. The raw material consists of a mixture of leaves collected from old and young branches of cultivated trees and shrubs. According to SP XI, the old leaves of eucalyptus globulus are petiolate, broadly lanceolate or elongated-lanceolate in shape, for the most part sickle-shaped, thick, leathery, gray-green in color, 10-30 cm long, 3-4 cm wide. Young leaves are petiolate, soft, ovate, with a heart-shaped base. Gray or ash eucalyptus leaves are collected from old branches. They are short-petiolate, lanceolate, with a pointed apex, 5-10 cm long, 1-3 cm wide, gray, with a waxy coating. The leaves of young branches are broadly ovate or rounded, pointed at the apex, petiolate; length and width within 2.5-7.5 cm. All leaves are bare, entire. On the leaves, in passing bright light, translucent dots (containers with essential oil) are visible. The smell is aromatic, the taste is spicy-bitter. The leaves of eucalyptus are narrow-lanceolate and sickle-shaped, with sharp ends. The quality of raw materials is reduced by the presence of browned leaves, other parts of the plant, organic and mineral impurities. The authenticity of raw materials is determined by external signs and microscopically. Under a microscope, containers with essential oil are clearly visible. The palisade part is located on both sides of the leaf in 3-4 rows, a small space in the center of the leaf is occupied by spongy parenchyma. There are many druses scattered throughout the pulp. There are no hairs, the vein has a crystalline lining, and the epidermal cells on both sides of the leaf are covered with a thick cuticle.

Microscopy. Determining the authenticity of whole raw materials is not difficult. Epidermal cells are polygonal on the surface with a tubercle in the center. Brown corky spots are visible in surface preparations. For crushed raw materials, during microscopic examination, cross sections are made from pieces with large veins. The leaf is isolateral. The main vein has a crystalline lining; calcium oxalate druses are found in the mesophyll. Essential oil containers are large, round or oval, immersed in mesophyll.

Numerical indicators.Whole raw materials Eucalyptus twig. Essential oil at least 1% (determined by methods 1 or 2 of the State Fund XI, issue 2; distillation time 1 hour); humidity no more than 14%; total ash no more than 5%; darkened and browned leaves no more than 3%; other parts of eucalyptus (twigs, buds, fruits) no more than 2%; organic impurities - no more than 0.5%, mineral - no more than 0.5%.

For crushed raw materials essential oil content not less than 0.8%; In addition to the indicated indicators, the content of particles that do not pass through a sieve with holes with a diameter of 5 mm (no more than 10%) and particles passing through a sieve with holes with a diameter of 0.5 mm (no more than 10%) is also regulated.

Standardization. The quality of raw materials of other types of eucalyptus is regulated by the State Fund of X, and the quality of shoots of eucalyptus twigs is regulated by VFS 42-1947-89.

Chemical composition. Eucalyptus leaves contain essential oil, flavonoids and tannins. According to GF XI, the content of essential oil for whole raw eucalyptus balls is allowed to be no less than 2.5%, for cut eucalyptus - no less than 1.5%, and for eucalyptus twigs - no less than 1%. The content of the essential oil component - cineole - must be at least 60%, and in eucalyptus rodum - at least 45%. The essential oil has the form of a highly mobile, transparent, colorless or yellowish liquid with the smell of cineole.

Storage. In a dry place, in a well-sealed container. The cut leaf is stored in multilayer bags according to the rules for storing essential oil raw materials, eucalyptus oil - in well-closed bottles. The content of essential oil in raw materials is checked annually.

Pharmacological properties. Essential oil and other substances contained in the leaves (tannins, etc.) have a stimulating effect on the receptors of the mucous membranes and also have weak local anti-inflammatory and antiseptic activity.

Medicines. Cut leaves in a package of 100 g, decoction, tincture, briquettes, eucalyptus oil, Chlorophyllipt preparations (1% alcohol solution, used topically and orally; 2% solution in oil, used topically; 0.25% solution in ampoules, used intravenously), "Inhalipt", "Ingacamf". "Efkamon" ointment, "Golden Star" balm, "Pectusin" tablets. "Eucalimin" (0.25% and 1% alcohol solution).

Application. Decoction and infusion of eucalyptus and eucalyptus oil are used as antiseptics for rinsing and inhalation for diseases of the upper respiratory tract, as well as for the treatment of fresh and infected wounds, inflammatory diseases of the female genital organs (lotions, rinses).

Chlorophylliptum is a preparation containing a mixture of chlorophylls from eucalyptus leaves. It is an amorphous green powder. The drug has strong antibacterial activity.

Used topically (the original 1% alcohol solution is diluted in a ratio of 1:5 in a 0.25% novocaine solution) in the treatment of burns and trophic ulcers; 1% alcohol and 2% oil solutions are used for cervical erosion (lubrication of the cervical canal and erosion, wetting tampons inserted into the vagina); with a solution obtained by diluting 1 spoon of 1% alcohol solution in 1 liter of water, vaginal douching is performed.

It is sometimes used orally when staphylococci are carried in the intestines (5 ml of a 1% alcohol solution diluted in 30 ml of water, daily 3 times a day 40 minutes before meals). Enemas (20 ml of a 1% alcohol solution in 1 liter of water) are also prescribed for carriage of staphylococci in the intestines.

It is also proposed for intravenous use in septic conditions and pneumonia. Inject intravenously (slowly!) 2 ml of 0.25% solution diluted in 38 ml of sterile isotonic sodium chloride solution 4 times a day for 4-5 days. Sometimes used for infections caused by staphylococci that are resistant to antibiotics. The prepared 0.25% solution should be carefully checked; it should be transparent (without turbidity, sediment, etc.), which is diluted ex tempore.

In complex therapy of acute lung abscesses, 8-10 ml of 0.25% chlorophyllipt solution diluted in 150 ml of sterile isotonic sodium chloride solution is administered intravenously (drip) 2 times a day. For peritonitis and empyema, chlorophyllipt is administered into the cavity through a drainage tube for 5-6 days. Ex temperature is diluted with a 0.25% alcohol solution of chlorophyllipt with a 0.25% solution of novocaine in a ratio of 1:20.

When using chlorophyllipt, allergic reactions are possible. Before treatment, it is necessary to check the patient's sensitivity to the drug; To do this, give the patient 25 drops of the drug diluted in 1 tablespoon of water. In the absence of swelling of the lips, nasal mucosa, pharynx and others after 6-8 hours allergic reactions You can prescribe a course of treatment with the drug; in the presence of allergic reactions, the drug is contraindicated.

Eucalyptus oil (Oleum Eucalypti) contains at least 60% cineole, pinene and other substances. A highly mobile transparent liquid, colorless or slightly yellowish in color, with a characteristic odor of cineole. Used as an antiseptic and anti-inflammatory agent, for rinsing and inhalation for inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract (15-20 drops per glass of water).

Eucalyptus tincture (Tinctura Eucalurti). Tincture (1:5) in 70% alcohol. A transparent liquid of greenish-brown color with a peculiar odor. Prescribed orally as an anti-inflammatory and antiseptic for inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract and oral cavity, sometimes as a sedative. Take 15-30 drops orally; for rinsing - 10-15 drops per glass of water. Also used for steam inhalation.

Balm "Golden Star" (Balsamum "Stella aururia") contains eucalyptus, clove, peppermint oils, cinnamon and other substances. Stimulates sensitive nerve endings, has a distracting and some anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect. For headaches, colds rub a thin layer into the frontal, temporal, and occipital areas. For insect bites, lubricate the bite site and lightly rub in the balm. The balm should not be used if the integrity of the skin is damaged, pustular diseases, etc. Do not allow the balm to come into contact with the eyes. There is evidence of the possibility of developing adverse reactions when using the balm. Produced in Vietnam.

Fresh eucalyptus shoots -CormusEucalyptirecens

Harvested from cultivated trees (during the period October-April): Eucalyptus viminalis Labill. ashy - E. cinerea F. Muell and spherical E. globulus Labill (myrtaceae family - Myrtaceae).

Medicinal raw materials. The length of the shoots is no more than 1 m with a stem diameter at the base of up to 0.5 cm. On annual shoots, the leaves are sessile, stem-embracing, and short-petioled. The leaf blade is thin, ovoid, heart-shaped and broadly lanceolate, with a rounded (eucalyptus twig-shaped) or heart-shaped (eucalyptus ash and ball) base and a rounded or pointed apex from 3 to 16 cm long and 1.5 to 9 cm wide. The smell is fragrant. The taste is spicy-bitter.

Numerical indicators. The content of leaves is not less than 50%, the content of rough stems with a diameter at the base of 0.6 to 1 cm is not more than 20%.

Medicines. Essential oil is obtained from raw materials.

Application. Likewise essential oil obtained from leaves.

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