Information management systems and technologies for whom to work. Profession “Information systems and technologies”: what kind of specialty is it?

The education system in our country is formed on the basis of the Soviet one. Its founders believed that a person should have in his arsenal knowledge from all areas of activity, but little by little. This is radically different from the policy pursued in the West, when each graduate is a very narrow specialist in his field, with minimal knowledge of related disciplines. But our diploma holders, having completed their studies in information systems and technology, do not know who to work with.

Features of education and choice of specialty.

School graduates choose their future specialty based on the advice of their parents, fiery speeches during the “days of open doors", passing points. At the age of 17-18, it is difficult to understand what you want from life and what business you are ready to devote it to, so it is very difficult to call the choice conscious. Some students are not afraid to drop out or transfer to another faculty during the first few years, realizing that they made a mistake at the time of admission.

And some still finish their studies until they get a diploma in order to have at least some specialty and the opportunity to get a job. promising position.

There is nothing wrong, practical solution. Already having a budget seat, you and minimal costs get your diploma and you can go to work. And if you take your documents and try your luck elsewhere, you have no guarantee of successful admission. In some former republics of the Union, the legislation stipulates that an applicant has the right to only one attempt to obtain a budget education, so be careful.

4 specialties for graduates.

And sometimes it happens that a student enjoys learning so much that he doesn’t even ask the question: “What’s next?” You can choose a job:

1. An engineer.
2. System administrator.
3. Teacher.
4. Developer software.

If you liked educational process, this does not mean that you have to choose the third option. On the other side of the “barricade”, everything looks a little different - students of the same type, low level of interest and involvement in the educational process, reading the same lectures throughout for long years. But some get basic pleasure from this, realizing their ability to influence the minds of a new generation. Yes, and work in government agencies can be a help for a good pension and tempting offers from private companies.

We create and configure networks

In job description system administrator You don’t have to go too deep. Its main task is to maintain the functionality of a network of computers. Or create one if the enterprise does not already have one.

The work is not very difficult and requires a small set of knowledge; graduates of specialized technical schools do an excellent job of it. But if the offer came from a reputable organization with a tempting wages, why not try yourself in this direction? Moreover, if we are talking about large corporations, the interest and complexity of the tasks assigned to the administrator grows. You are guaranteed to be warmly received in the team, because no one wants to quarrel with someone who can disable access to entertainment sites and social networks.

And if you do your job well, they will practically not “pull” - everything works, the system administrator is resting.

Work at an enterprise and the opportunity to quickly “break through.”

If you decide to get a job engineer or software and hardware developer- I will stand in front of you much more complex tasks. As a rule, your area of ​​responsibility will be some technical part of the enterprise - right down to the conveyor. Such an employee is responsible for the performance of the equipment under control, its updating and the launch of new control systems. Position exactly developer chosen by those who have been partial to coding and programming throughout the entire period of study. If you have real knowledge and skills, you can achieve good results in the first year.

There are no “old guys” in this industry and there is not such a strict subordination when submitting and implementing good ideas management notices very quickly. The main thing is to take advantage of the current situation.

In the video clip, Vladimir Krotov, teacher of the Department of Information Systems, Doctor of Technical Sciences, will talk about this profession:

In the list we forgot to mention the opportunity to work manager, having a diploma in this specialty. But this option does not open up any special prospects and looks dubious for those who decide to commit their future profession With information technology.

Choosing a workplace.

We have decided on the general direction, but where exactly to go?

• There are always places for teachers in private and public universities, schools, lyceums and colleges. Fortunately, almost everyone studies computer science. We would recommend it state universities- more reliability and a more interesting contingent.
• The system administrator can try his luck at municipal organizations and private offices - the amount of salaries directly depends on the prestige of the company.
• But we would advise engineers to try their luck in the mining industry, high level salary is combined with good prospects.
• Developers already know all the serious IT companies that may be of interest to them. Don't forget about freelancing.

Having graduated from “information systems and technologies”, it is quite difficult to choose what to work with. Make decisions based on your desires and ambitions, not momentary impulses. After all, you need to start your career wisely.

Video about job prospects

In the past, information was considered the domain of bureaucratic work and a limited tool for decision-making. Today, information is considered as one of the main resources for the development of society, and information systems and technologies as a means of increasing the productivity and efficiency of people.

Information systems and technologies are most widely used in production, management and financial activities, although shifts have begun in the consciousness of people employed in other areas regarding the need for their implementation and active use. This determined the angle from which the main areas of their application will be considered. The main attention is paid to the consideration of information systems and technologies from the standpoint of using their capabilities to improve the labor efficiency of workers in the information sphere of production and support decision-making in organizations (firms).

INFORMATION SYSTEMS. Concepts

Under system understand any object that is simultaneously considered both as a single whole and as a collection of heterogeneous elements united in the interests of achieving set goals. The systems differ significantly from each other both in composition and in their main goals.

Example 3.1. Here are several systems consisting of different elements and aimed at achieving different goals.

In computer science, the concept of “system” is widespread and has many semantic meanings. Most often it is used in relation to a set of technical tools and programs. The hardware of a computer can be called a system. A system can also be considered a set of programs for solving specific application problems, supplemented by procedures for maintaining documentation and managing calculations.

Adding the word “information” to the concept of “system” reflects the purpose of its creation and operation. Information systems provide collection, storage, processing, retrieval, and issuance of information necessary in the decision-making process of problems from any area. They help analyze problems and create new products.

Information system– an interconnected set of means, methods and personnel used for storing, processing and issuing information in the interests of achieving a set goal.

The modern understanding of an information system assumes the use of a personal computer as the main technical means of information processing. In large organizations, along with a personal computer, the technical base The information system may include a mainframe or a supercomputer. In addition, the technical implementation of an information system in itself will not mean anything if the role of the person for whom the information produced is intended and without whom its receipt and presentation is impossible is not taken into account.

It is necessary to understand the difference between computers and information systems.

Computers , equipped with specialized software, are the technical basis and tool for information systems. Information system unthinkable without personnel interacting with computers and telecommunications

Stages of information systems development

The history of the development of information systems and the purposes of their use at different periods are presented in Table. 3.1.

Table 3.1. Changing the approach to using information systems

The first information systems appeared in the 50s. During these years, they were intended for processing invoices and payroll calculations, and were implemented on electromechanical accounting machines. This led to some reduction in costs and time for preparing paper documents.

Processes in the information system

The processes that ensure the operation of an information system for any purpose can be roughly represented in the form of a diagram (Fig. 3.1), consisting of blocks:

entering information from external or internal sources;

processing input information and presenting it in a convenient form;

outputting information for presentation to consumers or transfer to another system;

Feedback is information processed by people of a given organization to correct input information.

The information system is defined by the following properties:

any information system can be analyzed, built and managed based on general principles building systems;

the information system is dynamic and developing;

when building an information system, it is necessary to use a systematic approach;

the output of the information system is information on the basis of which decisions are made;

an information system should be perceived as a human-computer information processing system.

Types of supporting subsystems

The structure of an information system is a collection of its individual parts, called subsystems.

Subsystem- This is a part of the system, distinguished by some characteristic.

The general structure of an information system can be considered as a set of subsystems, regardless of the scope of application. In this case they talk about structural feature classifications, and the subsystems are called providing. Thus, the structure of any information system can be represented by a set of supporting subsystems (Fig. 3.4).

Rice. 3.4. The structure of the information system as a set of supporting subsystems

Among the supporting subsystems, information, technical, mathematical, software, organizational and legal support are usually distinguished.

Information Support- totality unified system classification and coding of information.

The purpose of the information support subsystem is the timely generation and delivery of reliable information for making management decisions.

Information Support– a set of a unified system of classification and coding of information, unified documentation systems, diagrams of information flows circulating in the organization, as well as a methodology for constructing databases.

Technical support- a set of technical means intended for the operation of the information system, as well as relevant documentation for these means and technological processes.

Math and software- a set of mathematical methods, models, algorithms and programs for implementing the goals and objectives of the information system, as well as the normal functioning of a complex of technical means.

Organizational support- a set of methods and means regulating the interaction of workers with technical means and among themselves in the process of developing and operating an information system.

Legal support- a set of legal norms that determine the creation, legal status and functioning of information systems that regulate the procedure for obtaining, transforming and using information.

Information process and its structure

The information process is a set of operations related to the collection, storage, transmission, processing, retrieval and issuance of information. In accordance with this, the structure of the information process has the following form:

Communication channel - air (speech information) vibrations caused by natural phenomena, the operation of machines and devices; electricity(information is transmitted by telephone or telex over any distance); ether (the finest matter for transmitting radio and television vibrations); X-rays and light rays.

The following technical media are used to store and display information: paper, iron, silicon, plastic, fabric, wood, clay, stone. In accordance with what type of media predominates, information processes are classified into two groups:

1. Paper information processes.

2. Paperless information processes using other media.

Currently, a revolutionary replacement of paper information technology with paperless technology is taking place. According to forecasts, by the middle of the 21st century in developed countries In the world, paper technology will be replaced by paperless technology.

The main means of information processing is a computer. The volume of information that society must process in the course of its development increases rapidly as the system of social production grows. Information is becoming an important means of society's existence.

The development of these processes leads to the emergence of information barriers. In the history of mankind, two information barriers have been identified:

An information barrier occurs when one person cannot cope with processing the flow of information passing through him. The way to overcome this is the social division of labor and the rationalization of socio-economic distribution.

Associated with a huge throughput human brain. The way to overcome this barrier is to increase labor productivity in management and its automation. The main tool is a computer, with its help most of information flows can pass and close outside of a person. To ensure human interaction with a computer, the problem of complex automation of individual sections of information processes is solved. Automation is the process of processing information without direct human participation.

CONCEPT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Definition of information technology

Technology when translated from Greek (techne) means art, skill, skill, and these are nothing more than processes. Under process should be understood as a certain set of actions aimed at achieving a set goal. The process must be determined by the strategy chosen by the person and implemented using a combination of various means and methods.

Under material production technology understand a process determined by a set of means and methods of processing, manufacturing, changing the state, properties, shape of a raw material or material. Technology changes the quality or original state of matter in order to obtain a material product (Fig. 3.10).

Rice. 3.10 . Information technology as an analogue of technology for processing material resources

Information is one of the most valuable resources of society, along with such traditional material types of resources as oil, gas, minerals, etc., which means that the process of its processing, by analogy with the processes of processing material resources, can be perceived as technology. Then the following definition is valid.

Information technology– a process that uses a set of means and methods for collecting, processing and transmitting data (primary information) to obtain new quality information about the state of an object, process or phenomenon (information product).

The goal of material production technology is to produce products that satisfy the needs of a person or system.

The purpose of information technology is the production of information for human analysis and decision-making based on it to perform any action.

It is known that using different technologies to the same thing material resource, you can get different products, products. The same will be true for information processing technology.

Example 3.18. For execution test work in mathematics, each student uses his own technology for processing initial information (initial problem data). The information product (results of solving problems) will depend on the solution technology that the student chooses. Manual information technology is usually used. If you use computer information technology that is capable of solving such problems, then the information product will have a different quality.

For comparison in table. 3.3 shows the main components of both types of technologies.

Table 3.3. Comparison of the main components of technologies

Computer Science as a Science

The term "computer science" in the sense in which it is now used arose in the early 60s in the French language (informatique). The word “computer science” is formed from two words - “information” and “automation”. Therefore, the meaning of this word should have been something like this: automatic work with information.

In fact, at present we are talking only about “automated” work with information, that is, about a combination of human functions and a technical device. Note that the term “automatic” generally means without human intervention. Until the early nineties of the 20th century, discussions took place in our country in which they tried to define as accurately as possible both the term “computer science” itself and to fix the subject of this science and distinguish it from related sciences. However, to this day there are several different points of view on this issue. We will understand the following by this term.

Computer science is a fundamental natural science about the expedient processing of information, carried out primarily using automated means, considered as a reflection of knowledge and facts, information, data in various areas of human activity. It is the science of the means, methods and methods of collecting, exchanging, storing and processing information.

Currently, in our country, as well as throughout the world, the processes of computerization and informatization are proceeding quite rapidly in most spheres of the national economy.

Computerization is the process of equipping organizations, enterprises and the workplaces of individual specialists with various means of computer technology, combining individual machines into computer networks, installing and mastering modern software systems. Informatization is the widespread introduction of modern information technologies into the professional activities of specialists in various fields, into educational, research, management, administrative activities, into human life and leisure. Information technology is any specific system of means, methods and techniques for collecting, accumulating, searching, processing, receiving and transmitting information. Technology translated from Greek means art, skill, skill, and these are nothing more than processes. A process should be understood as a certain set of actions aimed at achieving a set goal. Information technology is a process that uses a set of tools and methods for collecting, processing and transmitting data to obtain new quality information about the state of an object, process or phenomenon. Information technology is the most important component of the process of using society's information resources. To date, it has gone through several evolutionary stages, the change of which was determined mainly by the development of scientific and technological progress and the emergence of new means of information processing. The introduction of the personal computer into the information sphere and the use of telecommunications determined a new stage in the development of information technology and, as a result, changed its name by adding the word “new”. New information technology is information technology with a user-friendly interface, using personal computers and telecommunications. The adjective “computer” emphasizes that the main technical means its implementation is a computer. The following common types of software products for a personal computer can be used as information technology tools: word processor, desktop publishing systems, spreadsheets, database management systems, electronic notebooks, electronic calendars, functional information systems, expert systems, etc. As an example Outdated information technology is purely paper technology, when all work with information is carried out on paper or its equivalent. Modern information technologies, in particular, imply: - an almost complete rejection of paper media, starting with the registration of primary information on computer media; - availability of any information (except for information to which access is limited by law) anywhere globe and at any time. Many experts believe that humanity is gradually moving from the industrial stage of its development to the post-industrial, or more precisely, to the information stage, since modern stage the further development of science, technology, and the economy of the state cannot be imagined without the widest use of the latest achievements of computer science. And the life of an individual person is more and more connected with computer science. Information and informatization are considered one of the most important types of strategic national resources, and according to these indicators, in particular, the economic and military power of the state is determined.

The target audience

Graduates secondary schools based on 9th and 11th grades

Training period

• based on 9 classes: 4 years 9 months
• based on 11 classes: 3 years 9 months

Graduate qualifications

Information Network Technician

About the specialty

The modern world cannot exist without information systems. They are everywhere: in banks and government institutions, in airports and factories. Of course, these systems must function correctly, they must be installed correctly, debugging in case of failures and, of course, it is necessary to be able to explain to users how to use all this software correctly. Only a true professional who has received excellent basic training and consolidated his knowledge in practice can cope with such tasks. This is the kind of professionalism we teach.

Speciality " Information Systems"(by industry) - the specialty for which there has always been, is and will be in great demand. And this is not surprising, since our teachers teach future technicians the ability to develop processes for automated processing of information arrays, modify automated control systems, and assess economic profitability technological processes, used in automated information systems.

Field of professional activity of the graduate

• creation and operation of information systems that automate tasks organizational management commercial companies and budgetary institutions
• analysis of requirements for information systems and business applications
• a set of methods and tools for developing information systems and business applications
• implementation of design specifications and business application architecture
• regulations for modifications, optimizations and development of information systems

Employment

Graduates of the specialty “Information systems (by industry)” are in demand in the following positions:

• PC builder
• computer repair and maintenance technician
• programmer
• designer and developer of websites and web applications
• System Administrator
• programmer in the 1C:Enterprise system
• computer equipment sales and repair consultant

The most common entrance exams:

• Russian language
• Mathematics (profile) - specialized subject, at the choice of the university
• Physics - optional at university
• Computer science and information and communication technologies (ICT) - at the university's choice

Innovative professions that involve working in the information sector are experiencing a boom in popularity. Specialists are in demand at enterprises different shapes property and in any industry, and their main task is to use modern technologies for collecting and processing information. The specialty 09.03.02 “Information systems and technologies” teaches these basics.

This popular area of ​​study is chosen by modern youth, who can develop in various fields, from working in the office of any company to creating their own enterprise.

Admission conditions

The priority objective of the course is to teach young specialist who will be able to realize himself in any areas related to computerization, automation, and information technology. Here you cannot do without a love for the exact sciences, the knowledge of which is tested on applicants. Subjects that applicants take when entering a university to study a bachelor's program:

• mathematics (professional exam),
• Russian language,
• physics/computer science and ICT.

Future profession

A graduate with a bachelor's degree is engaged in research activities in the field of IT. He develops, implements and maintains information systems (IS) and technologies. This presupposes the ability to work with information processes, skillfully choose optimal tools and methods for their configuration, production and use. The main areas of application of professional skills are automation of the trading process, software modern education, computerization of business, production and research organizations.

Where to apply

To complete a bachelor's degree program in the field of Information Systems and Technologies, you can enroll in the following educational institutions:

• Moscow State Mechanical Engineering University;
• Moscow Technical University communications and computer science;
• Russian New University;
• Moscow Finance and Law University (MFUA);
• Moscow State University geodesy and cartography.

Training period

For graduates of grade 11, full-time education lasts 4 years. If you choose a mixed, part-time or evening course, you will have to study for 5 years.

Disciplines included in the course of study

The future specialist will study the following subjects:

• tools, modeling and IS architecture;
• computer graphics;
• programming and database technologies;
• information processing technology;
• computer science theory;
• information and network technologies.

Acquired skills

After completing the training course, each graduate becomes competent in the following issues:

1. Programming in high level languages.
2. Development of software associated with various operations carried out with information.
3. Development of software for various purposes.
4. Creation of IS operating instructions.
5. Harvesting IP from existing components, supporting its operation, and preventing threats to data.
6. Creation of web servers, Internet sites.
7. Digital information processing.
8. Organizational activities.

Job prospects by profession

A former undergraduate student will be able to work in any industry that is in one way or another connected with the IT sector. Such specialists are needed in government and commercial organizations. They work in economic and financial institutions. The work can be remote, and subject to high professionalism, it is possible to get a job not only in a domestic, but also in a foreign company.

A bachelor's degree holder can work:

• WEB administrator;
• developer and database administrator;
• specialist in the field of digital video, computer graphics and animation;
• systems analysts and programmers.

On average, in Russia the salary level for a young specialist is 30-40 thousand rubles. But with skillful use of the acquired knowledge and a certain talent, you can earn many times more - in the range of 70-100 thousand in domestic currency.

Benefits of studying for a master's degree

If you continue your studies in a master's program, then broader prospects for self-realization open up for the graduate of the field. First of all, the specialist acquires valuable practical experience, A best universities We are ready to provide internships at large partner enterprises.

Based on the results of the training, the graduate will be able to count on employment in private companies and government agencies. He also has the opportunity to realize himself in research or teaching activities.