When is the best time to install a septic tank? Installation of septic tanks: subtleties of operation and installation recommendations

Construction works are carried out at any time of the year, despite the cold or heat. It is not always possible to choose a season that is comfortable for work, since the deadline for the completion of the project is running out.

In general, installing a septic tank in winter is carried out in the same sequence as at any other time of the year, however, there are a number of features that should be taken into account during installation. Knowing the basic rules for installing and connecting a treatment plant will help you avoid a number of mistakes and prevent breakdowns of expensive equipment, don’t you agree?

The article outlines the pros and cons of performing installation work in the cold season, and lists common mistakes made by inexperienced craftsmen. Also described step by step instructions installation instructions and recommendations for preserving the septic tank for the winter.

Some people mistakenly assume that it is impossible to install a septic tank in winter and wait until spring to begin installation. However, this is not the case. You can install a septic tank on your property at any time of the year; moreover, in some situations, installation can only be done in winter. This happens when the groundwater level is high.

In the spring, during massive snow melting, the groundwater level rises to critical levels. A situation may arise when a newly dug pit fills with water at high speed. And then there can be no question of editing.

So it’s better to suffer a little with the top frozen layer of soil - it usually does not exceed 100 cm.

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Alexei 03.11.2014 Septic tanks

The days of outdoor toilets are long gone. They were replaced modern equipment, which does not require such frequent pumping, and some models do not need it at all.

Today, most owners of private houses and summer cottages choose an on-site septic tank. This equipment is much more aesthetically pleasing and safe for environment and does not require maintenance.

What are treatment systems?

Let's start getting acquainted with this equipment with its purpose. So, a septic tank is a sealed container used to collect and treat sewage. Depending on what material it is made of, there are:

The former can be either monolithic or prefabricated from concrete rings. Although sometimes there are models made of brick.

But they are quite problematic to install, so such septic tanks are not widely used.

Watch the video, how it works:

Classification is carried out according to the following criteria:

• Operating principle;
• Shape;
• Location.

According to the principle of operation, they are distinguished: accumulative, with biological treatment and with soil filtration.

According to their shape, they are divided into vertical and horizontal. And according to the method of location of the septic tank in a given area, there are:

1. Superficial;
2. Underground.

There are also volatile and autonomous installations. Which one will be installed on your site depends on many factors. Typically, the septic tank model is selected taking into account the regulatory requirements for its installation.

What are the consequences of incorrect placement?

soil freezing table

Since a septic tank is a reservoir where sewage is accumulated and treated, special requirements are placed on it. Before proceeding with installation, you will have to complete the project and approve it with the SES. This will allow you to obtain permission to carry out installation work. However, only if the project fully complies with all standards for installing a septic tank in a given area.

The main issue is the correct site for the equipment. So, where on the site to place a septic tank? This is determined taking into account the current standards prescribed in:

• SNiP 2.04.03-85;
• Sanpin 2.2.1/2.1.1.1200-03.

They indicate distances to water intakes, residential buildings and other objects. An important condition is compliance with the standards for installing a septic tank near a well with drinking water. It is very important that waste does not get into the water. Otherwise, it will not only lead to pollution, but also pose a threat to human health. There should be the maximum possible distance between the container and the well. It is determined by the height of the layers between the aquifers and the soil used as a filter for treated wastewater.

Installation Standards

If there is no connection between them, then a gap of at least 20 m is allowed. This can be determined using hydrogeological studies. According to experts, light soils are considered the best natural filters. If you have such soil, then the gap between the septic tank at your summer cottage and the well should be more than 50 m.

Installation standards

The septic tank is built according to sanitary standards. They regulate the location of water supply pipes. So, according to regulatory requirements the gap between them and the sewer should be more than 10 m. Moreover, it is usually located lower than the well, so that in the event of a breakthrough, the wastewater does not get into the water.

The gap between the treatment system and the house is also established in accordance with the standards for the location of the septic tank on the SNiP site. It must be more than 5 m from the foundation. Then, when wastewater flows out of the septic tank, it will not wash away the walls of the building, and the smell will not bother the residents.

Let's watch the video, the rules for the location of equipment:

However, the distance from the house to the treatment system should not be very large. This is due to the difficulty of providing normal operation very long sewer pipeline. After all, blockages can occur in it, which will be quite difficult to remove if they are long. If you still have to construct such a system, then for every 15 m you need to install 1 inspection well.

The regulations also regulate the following rules for installing a septic tank:

• The distance from your treatment system to the road is at least 5 m;
• The fence that is installed between you and your neighbors and the septic tank can be left 2 m.

Layout

In addition to the above rules, there are other regulations governing the location of the septic tank on the site. This is what you need:

• Plan installation on soft ground - this will facilitate the process of preparing the pit;
• Provide convenient access to the well of the treatment system, since it will have to be cleaned of solid residues.

As you can see, the requirements for installing septic tanks on a summer cottage are quite simple and everyone should follow them. This will not only help avoid emergency situations and environmental pollution, but also various diseases that can result from wastewater getting into drinking water.

Correct distance

What should you pay attention to when installing a treatment system? The main thing is where to start installation work– this is the preparation of a pit and trenches for pipes. Where should the septic tank be located on the site area? Firstly, it is installed below the freezing level, only then the system can operate year-round. If this is impossible to do for some reason, then you will have to insulate the pipes with one of thermal insulation materials or install a heating cable.

If a pit is dug in clay or loam, then its bottom should have a concrete pad to which a storage tank is attached. This is necessary in order to avoid pushing out the septic tank when it is completely cleaned.

Filtration fields or a well must be equipped. But if the groundwater is high, then it is better to choose the latter option. The water level in the well is easier to control, and water can be pumped out of it if necessary.

Of course, it is possible to install a septic tank with any soil, but it is better if it is dry and softer samples. This is due to the work on preparing the pit for the equipment. It is much more difficult to dig in heavy soil.

Let's watch the video, installation nuances:

Since the treatment systems are located underground, it is necessary to organize air exchange inside the tank. For the normal development and functioning of microorganisms, oxygen is needed. So this point should also be taken into account when performing installation work.

Bottom line

In our article, we examined all the basic requirements for the location of a septic tank on a summer cottage. Only strict adherence to them will allow achieving comfortable conditions living outside the city.

After all, modern wastewater is saturated with various chemicals, which have a detrimental effect on nature, which means they must be airtight. In addition, from correct location septic tank on site according to existing standards depends on the efficiency and safety of its operation. The more accurately all requirements are met, the less problems you will have problems with the maintenance of the treatment system.

Accommodation in own home will be comfortable if the owners provide everything for this the necessary conditions. Few people are already attracted to the options of delivering water in buckets from a well, with a wooden toilet on the site. All this is acceptable for dacha conditions with periodic weekend visits, but it looks like a complete anachronism if the family lives in the house permanently. This means that normal housing must be equipped with water supply and sewerage. It's good if locality It is possible to connect to central highways and collectors. But such cases are quite rare, and more often it is necessary to create completely autonomous systems.

How to choose a septic tank - detailed instructions

Water supply is a separate multifaceted topic, and in this case we are interested in creating an independent sewerage system. Reset Uncleared Wastewater into the environment - is strictly prohibited. This means that it is necessary to install special structures or devices for collecting, settling, cleaning, and clarifying wastewater. In the practice of private housing construction, the optimal solution is this issue is the use of special containers - septic tanks. Such an element can be built on your own or purchased already in finished form. This publication will discuss how to choose a factory-made septic tank, that is, what criteria for evaluating the product should pay special attention to.

What is a septic tank? The principle of its operation

Septic tank – essential element autonomous sewage system or treatment plant. And, although it is not a complete wastewater treatment scheme in itself, its role is extremely important.

The main purpose of any septic tank is to collect all sewage from a house (group of houses), settle it and carry out preliminary biological treatment of varying degrees of depth. The wastewater that has gone through this cycle is discharged into ground filtration devices or structures, or is subject to regular pumping using special equipment. In any case, it prevents the entry into the environment of contaminated wastewater that poses a chemical and bacteriological danger to it.

Gone are the days when the amenities of a private home or cottage were located on the street, and water had to be carried in buckets from a well. Today, the phrase “house with all amenities” primarily implies the presence of water supply and sewerage. And if things are more or less simple with the water supply (a well is drilled, water is supplied to the house), then the issue of sewerage has to be approached with all seriousness. And the point here is not only that the toilet must be warm and have a system for removing waste outside the house.

All water used in the home, including sewage and chemicals household products, enters the soil and is carried by groundwater. This causes significant damage to both soil fertility on the site and the environment as a whole.

Until recently, isolated waste drainage systems were widely used. cesspools with containers in which sewage was collected. When filling such a pit, it was necessary to call a sewage service; the machine pumped out the sludge and water, after which the sewage problem could be forgotten for a while. However, cesspools are always bad smell on site and regular expenditure of funds for sewage disposal.

An alternative option for a cesspool today is a modern autonomous sewage system - a septic tank.

Peculiarities

A septic tank is a multi-level sewerage structure, where wastewater undergoes a process of sedimentation and filtration. Even the isolated type of septic tank differs from cesspools in its tightness and complex system for processing sewage. As a result, the septic tank eliminates unpleasant odors in the area, and the purified water is discharged into the soil harmless to the environment.

There are cleaning systems different types, sizes and cleaning methods. Their choice will depend on the location of the site, availability of space and financial capabilities.

Septic tanks consist of several functional compartments connected to each other by pipes. The operating principle is as follows: wastewater from the house flows through sewer pipes into the first compartment, where the initial settling of water occurs. Dense masses settle, and the settled water goes into the next compartment for additional filtration. The more such reservoirs in the cleaning system, the cleaner water at the exit to the ground.

Passage through tanks determines the degree of deep or medium treatment of wastewater. Septic tanks - from the simplest to options with the latest biofilter equipment - are sold ready-made, and their installation, as a rule, is carried out by teams of experienced specialists. However, knowing the installation process and the rules for the location of cleaning systems, you can install a septic tank yourself.

Kinds

Whatever materials the septic tank is made from, autonomous sewer systems can be divided into three main types. This classification reflects the very principle of operation of the system.

Cumulative

Simplest a budget option septic tank, which is also the starting point in all other types of sewer systems. It is a container into which wastewater flows from the house through pipes. In fact, this type of septic tank is designed similarly to a cesspool; as it fills, it requires pumping out using sewage disposal equipment.

Suitable for use in homes where permanent residence is not planned. For example, if you visit your dacha only in the warm season and do not plan to install washing machine

, shower stall or bathtub, then it is quite possible to empty the container once a season. Sometimes storage tanks must be installed as needed.

• In cases where:
• there is not enough space near the house to install a full-fledged cleaning system;
• groundwater passes too close to the surface; there is a source nearby.

drinking water

Sedimentation tanks with soil post-treatment This type of septic tank is an intermediate option between a storage pit and a full-fledged cleaning system. It includes several sealed containers in which the water settles and is discharged outside in purified form. An overflow septic tank can be two-chamber or three-chamber.

• The cleaning process is carried out in several stages.
• The water, still polluted and cloudy, but already separated from heavy fractions, reaches a certain level in the tank and flows through pipes into the next compartment.
• Once purified, the liquid enters a filtration well, through which it seeps into the ground. In some versions of septic tanks, the system may end not with a well, but with filtration fields.

Cleaning tanks is required no more often than once every two to three years.

Septic tanks with biological treatment

Modern system filtration of septic tanks with biological treatment allows the outlet water to be used for irrigation or discharged into a reservoir without harm to the environment. Cleaning in a bioseptic tank occurs due to the work of bacteria, whose vital activity decomposes substances into microelements.

Bacteria create fermentation, which goes through two stages - acidic and methane. First, proteins, fats and carbohydrates are broken down into lower acids (acetic, butyric), alcohols, hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide. In the second stage, decomposition occurs to methane and hydrogen.

The mixture of these gases must be released into the atmosphere, so bioseptic tanks must be equipped with a ventilation system.

Materials

A wide variety of materials are used to make septic tanks. Simple DIY designs can be made of brick, metal or concrete rings. More modern septic tanks are made from plastic and fiberglass.

Concrete rings

Due to their weight, they ensure stability and reliability of the structure. But this method has a number of significant disadvantages:

• the joints between the rings must be sealed hermetically, and it is not a fact that over time they will not leak;
• in wells made of concrete rings there is metal reinforcement that is susceptible to corrosion, while the metal will constantly interact with the aggressive environment, which means that corrosion processes will not take long to occur;
• lifting and installing the rings will require the use of lifting equipment, which will entail additional expenses.

Metal septic tanks

They are affordable and have significant weight. The weight of the product, on the one hand, is a disadvantage during transportation and installation, but on the other hand, it is a guarantee that the tank will not be subject to “floating” on heaving soils.

When purchasing a metal septic tank, you need to make sure that the material has undergone high-quality treatment with anti-corrosion and waterproofing agents.

There are also disadvantages. The metal has good thermal conductivity, so water in it can freeze, even if the device is located below the freezing point of the soil. If you do not take care of thermal insulation, then in a frosty winter there is a risk that the sewer system will simply fail. In exceptional cases, a sealed filler from an old barrel or tank can be installed as a temporary remedy.

Brick septic tank

A fairly common type of pit for collecting sewage in the recent past. They make it in the pit brickwork, after which the joints between the bricks are sealed with cement or bitumen for waterproofing.

Polymer structures

This modern version sewer autonomous systems. Advantages of plastic and fiberglass containers:

• initial tightness, absence of joints that need to be insulated;
• resistance to aggressive environments - household chemicals, caustic substances in wastewater will not destroy or “corrode” the plastic sheet;
• lightness of the material - to install a septic tank you do not need to hire lifting equipment.

But this material also has its drawbacks.

• Plastic is sensitive to mechanical damage from the outside and is subject to deformation. This concerns installation plastic septic tanks in clay and rocky soils.
• Plastic freezes and bursts when very low temperatures. In northern regions where the ground freezes thoroughly, fiberglass septic tank options should be considered. This material is not afraid of either temperature changes or deformation.

Element selection

To choose the optimal one sewer system influence:

• the size of the chambers based on the frequency of use, the number of people in the house, household and plumbing equipment using water;
• number of tanks for different levels of cleaning;
• free space on the site;
• remoteness of the location from neighbors and bodies of water.

Of no small importance when choosing sewer device has its layout and the principle of immersion in the soil.

Reservoirs can be vertical and horizontal, each type has its own characteristics when located on the site.

If the area allows, then preference is given to the horizontal system. The further away the final water outlet is located, the better. The horizontal layout of the septic tank is also chosen when high level groundwater.

Vertical tanks require less space, but they require a deeper pit. When positioned vertically, the container will be below the freezing level, which means there is a guarantee that the water in the tanks will not freeze, and the sewage system can function year-round. Vertical device excluded if groundwater flows close to the surface of the earth.

The level of groundwater, as well as the degree of soil freezing, can be determined using hydrometeorological stations in the area.

Location determination

Designing a site plan or a separate arrangement autonomous sewerage, it is necessary to take into account certain nuances. It will not be possible to place a septic tank, adapting only to the design of the house. The location of the system must comply with the rules and regulations prescribed by regulatory documents.

The construction of a sewerage system requires mandatory approval from the sanitary and epidemiological service, to which an installation project must be submitted in advance in accordance with SNiP standards for the installation of septic tanks. This will allow you to avoid problems with legislation in the future. The standards established for the construction of sewerage systems have good reasons: wastewater that is not properly treated leads to the poisoning of fertile soils, groundwater and, as a consequence, water bodies. In addition to the environmental threat, there are a number of technological reasons. An accidental accident and depressurization of tanks can lead to flooding of the foundations of buildings, and untimely pumping

overfilled containers during floods in the spring, rains, heavy snowfalls - lead to a splash of harmful substances onto the territory.

• To avoid such troubles, the legislation clearly establishes rules and regulations regarding the distance from objects. From houses and any buildings on the foundation, as well as roads, gas pipes
• and the boundaries of the plots, the septic tank must be removed by at least 3-5 meters. From sources of drinking water - wells, springs, boreholes - 50 meters are provided. On the lungs sandy soils
• the distance should reach 80 meters. If the terrain allows, then it is better to install the sewer system in a low-lying area relative to water sources.
• The location of the septic tank should be at least 30 meters from reservoirs with stagnant water (lake, pond, reservoir).

The determination of distances is carried out individually for each site, depending on the composition of the soil, the relationship between aquifer systems, the location of buildings, agricultural plots, and trees.

Pit preparation

Having determined the optimal location for installing the sewer system, you should not rush to start digging a pit. If you dig a hole in advance before purchasing the structure, then there is a high probability of making errors in size, and there is also a risk of the inner layer of soil falling off and the pit being flooded with groundwater.

The dimensions and number of holes are calculated based on the configuration and dimensions of the purchased septic tank, as well as instructions in the instructions for the location of tanks. Do not forget that there should be a small amount of space in the pit so that the structure can be easily lowered to the bottom, as well as for laying insulation.

Some septic tank models require additional reservoirs for draining process water, which means there will be more pits. This should be taken into account during the design process.

As with the installation of any foundation, the bottom of the pit must be laid with a “cushion” of sand and gravel, on which a concrete slab is laid on top to anchor the septic tank. This is done so that during the process of changes in the soil the position of the installation is not disturbed, the septic tank does not rise to the surface, or rotate or tilt it. Otherwise, the material of the container may be damaged, depressurization of the tanks may occur, and disruption of the operation of all parts of the sewerage installation may occur. The anchor plate is installed strictly level, the tank is attached to the plate with steel brackets with anti-corrosion treatment or polymer belts that can withstand an aggressive soil environment.

Simultaneously with the pit, trenches are prepared for laying sewer pipes. The depth of the pipes is calculated separately, since they must be at a certain slope so that water and sewage flow down evenly without forming blockages.

Installation stages

The installation of a septic tank is carried out in several stages. You should prepare in advance:

• ropes for lowering the structure into the pit;
• polystyrene foam as insulation;
• sand and shovels;
• brackets or polymer belts for fastening to the slab;
• water supply hose.

In order to cope with the installation of the structure without auxiliary equipment, you will need the help of at least four people, since one worker cannot cope with a voluminous product.

• The first stage the tank is lowered into the pit using ropes. As a rule, plastic structures provide fastenings specifically for these purposes. The installed container must be leveled and secured to the stove. If the septic tank was initially positioned incorrectly, it is given the desired position by swinging it on ropes and at the same time adding sand. As soon as the structure is level, sand is poured to approximately half of the structure.

• Second phase. Before you finally fill the septic tank with soil, you need to fill the container with water. This is a mandatory condition so that under the fresh layer of soil the walls of the structure do not deform and subsequently disrupt the normal functioning of the septic tank. The sand around the installation should also be spilled with water to compact it.

• Third stage. Pre-prepared insulation is laid around the structure. This can be polystyrene foam, glass wool or other insulating material. Experts advise using thick sheets of polystyrene foam; this type of insulation will best protect containers from freezing. We should not forget that the septic tank lid, which will be located above the surface of the ground, also needs insulation.

• The fourth stage pipes are laid from the house to the tanks and between the tanks. If you are installing purchased equipment, then there should be no problems with laying pipes - the instructions describe step by step the entire diagram for connecting parts of the structure (for example, how to secure the aerator). It is only necessary to observe the angle of inclination and monitor the rotating elements in order to subsequently avoid blockages in the system. If corners appear when laying pipes, they are leveled with inspection pipes. Insulation of pipes is carried out upon request. At the stage of laying sewer elements, a ventilation pipe is also installed.

The septic tank is part of the sewerage system, so the location of its placement on the site must be approached responsibly. It is clear that the sedimentation tank and aeration fields will not smell like roses. In addition, water filtering into the ground creates increased humidity, so the question of where to place a septic tank on the site is very relevant for every developer. When choosing a construction site, it is necessary to take into account sanitary requirements and building codes.

The most practical option used for arranging the sewer system of a country house is the installation or construction of a septic tank. This option is more convenient and environmentally friendly than building a cesspool, however, compliance sanitary requirements placement is a prerequisite.

Let's consider what distance should separate the septic tank from other objects on the site, as well as what requirements must be followed when choosing a construction site.

Distance from septic tank to housing

In order to prevent residents from being bothered by unpleasant odors, it is important to choose the right capacity, as well as correctly determine the optimal distance from the septic tank to the house.

Installation location according to building codes

When solving the problem of where to place a septic tank on a site, most developers try to choose a place on the outskirts of the site, away from housing. And if the area is hilly, then, as a rule, the lowest point of the site is chosen.

Advice! Regardless of whether the treatment plant is made independently or a ready-made model is purchased, the location is selected in accordance with the requirements of SNiP.

It must be said that the location of the septic tank on the site is clearly determined by SNiP. The standards set minimum permissible distances not only to the foundation of a residential building, but also to the border with neighboring plot, roadway and other objects. The requirements determining the distance from the septic tank to the well are especially strictly regulated.

If a new site is being developed, then territory planning must be done at the very first stage of work. It is more difficult to choose a place to install a septic tank if the sewer system is being built in an already used house, the site of which is already built up with outbuildings. However, it is impossible to violate the SNiP requirements for the location of the treatment plant on the site in this case either.

If it is not a country house, but a full-fledged dwelling, that is equipped with sewerage, it is necessary to coordinate the construction project with the BTI. Otherwise, the construction will be considered illegal, and the owners of the site may face penalties.

When planning, it is important to immediately determine the location of the septic tank and well on the site. In this case, it will be necessary to take into account the requirements of the following regulatory documents:

• SNiP 2.04.02-84. External water supply networks,
• SNiP 2.04.01-85 Internal sewerage and water supply networks,
• SNiP 2.04.03-85 Sanitary protection zones.

So, the minimum distance from the foundation of the house to the septic tank is five meters. This requirement applies primarily to devices used for water purification - filtration fields, drainage ditches, etc.

And the settling chambers themselves can be located closer to the house. This placement of the septic tank on the site allows not only to avoid unpleasant odors near the house, but also to protect the foundation from being washed away.

Advice! Particular care must be taken to select the location of the septic tank in an area where soil water is located high. When choosing a location, you will need to take into account the direction of water flow (the topography of the site); the installation should be located below the house.

Distance to neighboring site

When planning to install a septic tank on your property, you must not forget about the interests of your neighbors. It is quite understandable to want to move the septic tank from your home to maximum distance However, the neighbors are unlikely to be delighted if a sewerage installation is built in close proximity to their fence.

If new private plots are being developed, it is recommended that neighbors agree on the placement of treatment plants and water intake wells among themselves. This will allow you to avoid unpleasant situations and controversial issues.

If improvement of a house that is already in use is underway, you need to take into account the requirement imposed by sanitary standards - the septic tank must be located at a distance of at least two meters from the neighbor’s fence.

Distance to the garden

Excessive hydration is not beneficial garden plants. If the installation is located in close proximity to the garden, trees and shrubs may die from waterlogging of the soil.

In conditions of excess moisture, the roots simply rot, which leads to the death of the plant. To save the garden, it is necessary to locate soil treatment plants at least 4 meters from the border of the garden.

Advice! Of course, we are not talking about moisture-loving plants. By choosing the right flower varieties, you can create an excellent flower garden on the filtration platform itself.

Distance from the septic tank to the water intake point

It is very important to correctly maintain the distance from the well to the septic tank, since the health of people living nearby depends on it. It is important to prevent contaminated water from entering aquifers and water supply pipes, since otherwise the water from the well or well will become unusable.

According to the rules, the distance from the septic tank to the well must be more than 30 meters, provided that the water intake point is located higher in the direction of the flow groundwater. If the site has highly permeable soils, for example, sand, then the minimum distance from the well to the septic tank should be even greater - at least 50 meters.

What to do if there is not enough space?

Very often, developers are faced with a situation where the boundaries of the site do not allow maintaining the required distance between the well and the septic tank and fulfilling all other requirements.

Indeed, not everyone is the owner of vast land; on a standard six-acre plot of land, it is almost impossible to meet all the requirements of sanitary and construction standards.

However, the inability to maintain the distance between the septic tank and the well specified by the standards is not a reason to reduce it. After all, this requirement was not taken out of thin air and neglecting it can have a detrimental effect on people’s health. If it is impossible to comply with the rules for installing a septic tank, you will have to think about a different sewage system.

For example, install a drive. Such a septic tank is simply a volumetric container installed in the ground (although there are options for above-ground installation) in which wastewater is heated. As the container fills, it will need to be emptied - pumped out using sewer equipment. The advantages of this option:

• Easy installation,
• Affordable price,
• Environmental Safety.

• High operating costs,
• Spreading unpleasant odor during pumping.

The second option for installing a sewer system in such conditions is installing a VOC. These modern plants produce full cycle water purification, that is, when using them there is no need to build soil purification devices. The disadvantage of this option is the high cost of installations.

When constructing septic tanks, it is necessary to comply with sanitary standards and construction requirements. If it is impossible to meet the requirements, it is necessary to choose another option for arranging the sewerage system.

What should be the distance from the septic tank to the house, well and other buildings?
At the first stage of construction of a treatment plant, it is necessary to correctly calculate the distance from the septic tank to the house, water intake points, and other buildings.

Living well is good, and living well is even better. Today, country life has long ceased to be associated with country house, vegetable garden and outdoor amenities. More and more people are moving to live outside the metropolis in search of peace, tranquility, and fresh air. But at the same time, no one wants to give up a good and comfortable life. Modern Vacation home- this is a full-fledged home, sometimes not only with a toilet inside, but also a bath, shower or even a swimming pool.

What, first of all, makes our life comfortable? Of course, communal benefits. The sewer system is not at all a luxury on the site, but a completely necessary thing. Previously, cesspools were built everywhere. But they had to pump out the contents very often, and they were bothered by the unpleasant smell and the danger of soil and groundwater contamination.

Today, the favorite sewer system option for responsible homeowners is a septic tank. Therefore, how to install a septic tank in a private house is a very pressing question. By the way, the construction of such a structure may well be within the power of every owner country house. After all, installing septic tanks is a labor-intensive task, but it is doable.

Types of septic tanks in a private house

As a rule, it is customary to subdivide septic tanks depending on what material they are made of.

Septic tank made of concrete rings

Every builder knows how to properly install a septic tank in a private house using such rings. Due to the large weight of the rings, it is impossible to do without the use of special equipment. In addition, the site must have convenient access roads for such a process. However, it is precisely because of their weight that the rings make very stable and reliable well structures.

True, they also have disadvantages. Metal fittings, which are also part of such wells, corrode over time. Considering that wastewater often contains aggressive substances household chemicals, then corrosion can develop rapidly. In addition, to achieve the tightness of the structure, you will have to work hard to seal the joints between the rings. Experts warn that over time, the joints may also begin to leak. And then you will have to forget about good waterproofing.

Metal septic tanks

Brick septic tanks

Installation of a septic tank made of polymers (polyethylene, polypropylene, fiberglass)

But plastic is a material that does not tolerate temperature changes well. Plastic containers are also subject to deformation, especially if the soil is hard and clayey. But septic tanks made of fiberglass function perfectly even in severe frost, and they are not afraid of deformation. The strength of fiberglass is comparable only to the strength of metal. This is a significant advantage of such septic tanks!

Construction of septic tanks

Before we talk about how to install a septic tank, let's turn to the question of its structure. As a rule, a septic tank is a multi-chamber structure with several tanks. They are connected to each other by pipes. In the first chamber, wastewater is usually collected and separated into solid particles that settle to the bottom and light fractions that rise to the surface.

Then, in the second chamber, the wastewater is exposed to bacteria and microorganisms. They literally “eat” organic impurities in wastewater. The water is also clarified. And finally, in the third chamber, the wastewater is further purified and removed to the outside. Enterprising land owners use the resulting water for gardening purposes.

Does the SES give the go-ahead for installation?

So, the rules for installing such structures state that the septic tank should be located at a distance of 4-5 meters from a residential building. The septic tank should be 4 meters away from the fence separating your property from your neighbors. And the distance from the source of drinking water should not be less than 20 meters.

All these standards are designed to ensure a sanitary area around the septic tank. After all, in the event of a break in the structure, the runoff will enter the groundwater, contaminate the soil, and a conflict will also arise with neighbors due to such a nuisance. Therefore, the installation of a septic tank in a house must follow all the rules. Read also: “How to make a septic tank in a private house correctly.”
By the way, do not forget that the owner of the site bears responsibility, including financial responsibility, for harm to the environment. And even more so if the wastewater ends up in a nearby body of water! It is better not to tempt fate and initially build a septic tank taking into account all the requirements. After all, if you have to change its location, it will not be cheap.

How to install a polyethylene septic tank

Now let’s look at the stages of installing a polymer septic tank:

1. It is necessary to dig a pit. Its dimensions should be larger than the septic tank itself to make it more convenient to install.
2. If your groundwater is high, then the bottom of the pit will have to be concreted or a concrete slab placed there. Do not forget that a polyethylene septic tank weighs little. And because of groundwater, it can simply “float up”. This means you need to attach it tightly with cables to concrete base. Important clarification - weight concrete slab it should be equal to weight full septic tank. If there are no problems with the site high occurrence groundwater, then simply add a layer of sand and gravel to the bottom of the pit.
3. Lay to the pit sewer pipe from the house. It must be sloped and located below the freezing level of the soil. Or simply take care of good thermal insulation of the pipes so that in winter there are no problems with stagnation and freezing of the contents in the pipes.
4. Now the installation of the septic tank itself begins. Attach it to the bottom of the pit. It is also important to insulate the septic tank, as shown in the photo. Use polystyrene foam for this. It will perfectly withstand any frost and cold. The septic tank lid also needs insulation! Read also: “How to properly insulate a septic tank for the winter.”
5. Install ventilation pipe in the septic tank so that odors do not accumulate inside.
6. The septic tank cover should rise above the ground surface.
7. Before you start filling the septic tank, fill it with water. Otherwise, under the thickness of the soil, the walls of the septic tank will undergo deformation. And this will disrupt its normal functioning.
8. Finally, if you have several chambers, then connect them with pipes, according to the instructions (if you buy a ready-made septic tank), or independently think over the route of pipes from tank to tank. Obviously, the drains must flow by gravity, which means correctly calculate the angle of inclination of the connecting pipes!

So, the installation of a septic tank in a private house is completed. Now all you have to do is enjoy the comfort and coziness. After all, now all the amenities are in the house, not on the street!

Installation of septic tanks - how to install correctly
Installation of septic tanks: how to install a septic tank in a private house, how to install it yourself correctly, installation rules, installation, diagram in photo and video

Septic tanks pose a certain threat to the environment; their uncontrolled installation is prohibited and punishable by law. Before installing a septic tank on your site, you need to draw up a project, which is agreed upon and approved by the SES. At the center of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision, a document called “ project binding", those. schematic representation of the area. This document depicts the sewage facility, the place of discharge of treated wastewater and where the septic tank will be located. Permission to implement a project can only be obtained if it complies with construction and sanitary standards. The most important thing in the project is location of the treatment plant.

When drawing up a project, you should rely on regulations, such as SNiP 2.04.03-85. It regulates the external construction of sewerage networks and structures. SNiP 2.04.04-84 and 2.04.01-85 regulate the construction of external and internal water supply networks. SanPiN 2.1.5.980-00 prescribes protective measures aimed at maintaining the purity of surface waters. Document regulating the creation of sanitary protection zones near supposedly dangerous objects, SanPin 2.2.12.1.1.1200-03. It is worth noting that in some regions of our country there are local recommendations regarding water supply and sanitation. They contain detailed information on local low-capacity treatment facilities and indicate the negative impact different buildings without treatment structures on the condition of reservoirs and groundwater.

It is sometimes difficult for a person who is far from construction to understand GOSTs, SNiPs and SanPiNs on their own, so the basic principles of constructing a septic tank on the site will be outlined below.

Most important point when installing an autonomous sewer system, the distance of the septic tank from the source of drinking water (well, well) is determined. It is necessary that the unrefined water runoff did not mix with water in the well and did not enter groundwater. Despite the fact that current septic tanks are impenetrable containers, emergency conditions are still possible. According to construction standards, the minimum distance from the well to the septic tank is 20 m, the optimal is 50 m, the longer this distance, the better. The treatment facility must be located below the water intake point. A hydrogeological survey on the site will help determine the presence of filtering layers of soil; the need for this activity is due to the fact that types of soil such as loam, sandy soil and sandy loam soil allow moisture to pass through well, but if there is clay soil and loamy soil will have to be carried out on a large scale excavation on the construction of sand and gravel filters. According to SNiP, the distance between pipes with drinking water and a septic tank is regulated; it is at least 10 m.

SNiPs also require compliance with the following minimum distances from the absorbent or filtering area, the area of ​​which, with a wastewater volume of 1 m 3, must be at least 30 m 2. Violation of the requirements will lead to SES problems:

– from the foundation of the house to the septic tank – 3-5 m, a shorter distance is not acceptable, a larger distance will lead to blockages and the installation of inspection wells,

– from the border line land plot– 4 m, at least 2 m from the neighbors’ fence. The interests of people living in the neighborhood must be taken into account in order to avoid serious conflict,

– to a running water source (stream, river) – 10 m,

– from reservoirs with stagnant water (pond, lake) – 30 m,

– to trees – 5 m, to bushes – 1 m,

– 5 m to gas pipes.

When locating the septic tank, it is necessary to take into account the easy access of a sewer truck for periodic removal of solid waste from the septic tank. Distance from the septic tank to the stopping place vehicle should not exceed 4-5 m, since the standard length of a vacuum cleaner hose is 7 m.

Violation of even one requirement will not allow the installation of a treatment plant to be coordinated with the local SES, and if it is installed without permission, it may lead to legal proceedings.

Norms and rules for installing septic tanks on site
Continuing the topic “Sewage system in wooden house“In this article we will tell you what rules and requirements should be followed when installing sewerage on the site.

Currently everything large quantity summer residents try to arrange a bathroom in the house, especially if they plan to visit a dacha or country house in winter time. And here the big question arises about water disposal, in other words, sewerage. Here the problem of choice comes to the fore: drain hole or a septic tank, which is a local treatment facility (WTP). The device of the latter is regulated by “ Building codes and rules" (SNiP). Therefore, without obtaining the appropriate permission, you can cost a pretty penny and make enemies in the form of your neighbors. Because even such a seemingly small detail as the distance between the septic tank and the fence plays a big role.
The fact is that this type of drainage is dangerous both for the environment and for the home. Therefore, the construction of either a standard or a self-made device without permitting documents will definitely entail a fine, and can also lead to the death of plantings and flooding of the foundation. In the case when the house was built a long time ago, one should proceed from reality, but if the site is empty, designing a VOC is one of the initial tasks.
A septic tank is a pipeline system with settling tanks and inspection wells designed to remove and filter wastewater from housing construction. When designing, you need to pay special attention to the volume of the sump. It is calculated based on daily water consumption, multiplied by at least three. It is worth noting here that in summer time and autumn, depending on the region, during the conservation period the rate of water used increases significantly. The presence of a bath also affects consumption. So the tank must be quite large.

Factors influencing the placement of VOCs

• terrain,
• the presence of slopes,
• ground water level,
• outbuildings,
• garden, etc.

Regulations for installing a septic tank

• SNiP 2.04.03-85 - regulates the construction of external sewers,
• SNiP 2.04.04-84 and 2.04.01-85 - the same as the previous one, but when a well or well is used to supply water,
• SANPIN 2.1.5.980-00 – requirements for groundwater protection,
• SANPIN 2.2.1/2.1.1.1200-03 – about the creation sanitary zones at environmentally hazardous facilities.

Choosing a location for VOC

The traditional rule for many - the further, the better - does not work in this case. On the one hand, this is due to the size summer cottage, on the other – relief and groundwater level. If there is a slope on the site, then it should be located at the very bottom. If the groundwater level is high - below the aquifer, so that the latter does not become polluted. Not last value has the length of the pipeline. SNiP recommends installation five meters from the house.
Firstly, it will get rid of the unpleasant odor in the house. Secondly, it will protect the foundation from excess moisture. Thirdly, it will reduce the cost and ease of system maintenance. The longer the pipes, the greater the likelihood of blockages, and if a break occurs, repairs become more difficult. During installation, it is necessary to take into account the slope of the pipes. The optimal difference between the top and bottom points at 1 meter is 20 - 30 mm. Not five meters away it will be 100-150 mm. A larger or smaller slope increases the formation of blockages or the water will not drain at all. It is also necessary to know the level of soil freezing in order to prevent the system from freezing in winter.
It is important to know that if the septic tank is long, you will have to install inspection wells every 5 meters and at corner joints.

Distance from VOC to various objects

SNiP clearly stipulates the distance from the septic tank to surrounding objects:

• house – 5 m,
• road – 5m,
• well – 25 m,
• tree – 5 m,
• stream or river – 10 m,
• reservoir – 30 m,
• well – 50 m,
• gas pipeline – 5 m,
• drinking water supply – 10 m.

Distance from septic tank to fence

One of the important questions is: what should be the distance from the septic tank to the fence? There is no clear answer. Formally, at least 1 m (some lawyers claim 2 m). This is where the “interesting” part begins. The indicated distance is 1 meter – special case when there is nothing either behind the fence or in front of it.
If behind the fence facing the street there are any underground communications (gas, water supply), then the calculation is made from them, and not from the wall. If there are bushes or trees along the fence on your site, then they are taken as the starting point. If there are no plantings at home, but there are plantings along the neighbor’s fence, then again measurements are taken from them. The circumstances are even worse when there are two houses between them. Here, from the closest point of the house to the beginning of the septic tank there should be at least 8-12 meters. The same applies to everything else: well, borehole, outbuildings, etc. Therefore, measuring from the fence basically makes no sense.
Therefore, without agreement with neighbors and permission from the relevant authorities who know the laws and the availability of communications, there is no need to even think about VOCs.

Distance from septic tank to fence
Distance from the septic tank to the fence: factors influencing the placement of local treatment facilities, regulations for installing a septic tank