Which question is answered with enough. Let's figure out what questions the adverb answers

For interpersonal communication When people talk, different parts of speech are used. The most significant of them is adverb. It endows a specific action with a specific attribute, or a certain attribute with a specific attribute. An adverb can be attached to almost all parts of speech. It all depends on the part of speech that is in conjunction with the adverb; it has different designations:

1. If an adverb is attached to a verb (gerund), it denotes a sign of a certain action (for example, to cook deliciously is attached to a verb, someone who cooks deliciously is attached to a gerund);

2. If an adverb is attached directly to a noun, then in this case it denotes a characteristic of a specific object (for example, far from the stop);

3. If an adverb is attached to an adjective, another adverb or a participle, then it denotes a feature of the attribute (for example, very boring - to an adjective, extremely long - to an adverb, deliciously baked - to a participle).

What questions does the adverb answer?

I would like to note the fact that adverbs belong to the indeclinable part of speech. In sentences, as a rule, adverbs serve the function of adverbs. Adverbs in the Russian language can answer many questions, depending on this they are also divided into groups:

1. Adverbs of place - answer questions - “Where from?”, “Where to?”, “Where?” (there, near, from far);

2. Adverbs of time - “How long?”, “When?”, “Until when?”, “Since when?” (Very long, yesterday, today, until tomorrow);

3. Adverbs of purpose answer the question “Why?” (specially);

4. Adverbs of manner can be defined by asking the question “How?” or how?" (slow, bad);

5. Adverbs answering the questions “At what time?”, “To what extent?”, “How much?”, “How much?”, “To what extent?” are adverbs of measure and degree (very piercingly, a lot, for a long time);

6. Adverbs of reason answer the question “Why?” (involuntarily).

Morphological analysis of the adverb. Example.

For a more detailed study of the adverb, there is such a concept as morphological analysis . Used to highlight two constant sign, because the adverb has no fickle ones. Below is a parsing diagram with an example of the word “Low”:

1. Part of speech – Low – is an adverb because it denotes a sign of a certain action.

2. Morphological characteristics:
rank by value – definitive;
if there is, then the degree of comparison is lower;
unchangeable word - the word is unchanged.

3. Syntactic function - The switch in the apartment was so low that Alexey had to bend down to turn on the light. The adverb "low" is an adverb that describes a manner of action.

Adverb suffixes.

In order not to make mistakes in the spelling of adverbs, you must remember that:

Adverbs with the prefixes –do, -s, -iz will have the suffix –a (again, long ago);
Adverbs beginning with the prefixes – in, - on, - for – have the suffix – o (to the left, to the right).

Our speech is rich and diverse. One of its parts is an adverb. What are the morphological features of this part of speech? And what questions does the adverb answer? This will be discussed in our article.

Adverb as part of speech

First of all, you need to find out what an adverb is as a part of speech? This is a very important aspect. It will help us clearly identify the questions that adverbs in sentences answer.

So, an adverb is a part of speech that expresses signs of an action (most often) or signs of other signs. It should be noted that this part of speech is independent and unchangeable, regardless of the position it occupies in a particular sentence. As a rule, adverbs in sentences are tied to the corresponding verb, less often to a gerund.

The term itself has Latin roots and was formed through linguistic tracing. In Latin, the word “adverb” sounds like “adverbium” (“ad” - to, on; “verbum” - speech, language).

Adverbialization is the mechanism for forming adverbs from words belonging to other parts of speech. Thus, adverbs can be formed from individual forms of adjectives, nouns, verbs, as well as some other types of word forms. Thus, through adverbialization, a word qualitatively changes its grammatical meaning.

What questions does the adverb answer?

There are quite a lot of adverbs in Russian speech. Let's list what questions the adverb answers:

• How? How?
• Where? Where?
• How much?
• How long? When?
• Why?
• For what? For what?

These are the most common groups of questions. Let's look at them in more detail, at specific examples words

So, depending on what question the adverb answers, several groups of them are distinguished. This:

1. Adverbs of method or manner of action (quietly, sadly, amicably, etc.).
2. Adverbs of place (close, below, to the right).
3. Adverbs of degree and measure (little, too much, three times).
4. Adverbs of time (already, recently, constantly).
5. Adverbs of reason (rashly, stupidly, involuntarily).
6. Adverbs of purpose (out of spite, on purpose).

It is very easy to determine which question is answered by an adverb from a particular group. Thus, the adverb of place answers the questions “where?”, “from where?”, the adverb of reason answers the questions “why?”, “why?” and so on.

In addition, according to the algorithm of their formation, adverbs can be prefixed, suffixal, or prefixed-suffixal.

Basic features of adverbs

An adverb is a part of speech that is constant in a sentence. They cannot be declined or conjugated, they have no genders or numbers. Also, adverbs have no endings. Some adverbs (namely those that were formed on the basis of adjectives) can have degrees of comparison, in particular comparative and superlative (for example: strongly - stronger - more strongly - stronger than all).

If speak about syntactic features adverbs, then in sentences they are usually attached to verbs or adjectives (less often to other adverbs), with which they form phrases. In the structure of a sentence, an adverb in most cases acts as an adverb.

It is worth noting that in a text it is often very difficult to distinguish an adverb from a preposition (or from a particle). The reason for this lies in the fact that the latter are very often formed from adverbs. Here you need to carefully analyze the specific proposal. Compare, for example, two sentences:

1. Our bright future is ahead! (In this case, the word “ahead” is an adverb answering the question “where?”).
2. Run ahead of the locomotive (here the word “ahead” is a common preposition).

In addition, quite often the adverb is confused with a neuter adjective. To solve this problem, the problem word should be put in the plural. If this works, it means that the word is an adjective; if not, it is an adverb. For example:

1. This artist's painting is amazing! (This artist draws amazingly).
2. The paintings of these artists are amazing! (These artists draw amazingly).

Thus, in the first case the word “delightful” is an adjective, and in the second it is an adverb.

Finally

So, an adverb is one of the independent parts of speech, which has its own morphological and syntactic features. From our article you learned about the main types of this part of speech, as well as what questions the adverb answers.

The Russian language is a multifaceted, complex instrument. With its help, people communicate and create great works. Using language and its capabilities, we can describe life and the events surrounding it, imagine historical actions many years ago and imagine the distant future.

Any language is characterized by mobility. It changes over time: it is filled with new words, expressions, gives birth to new styles. Moreover, each language consists of many components connected to each other.

Identifying parts of speech

Part of speech is the main class of grammatical means of a language. It is characterized by various morphological and syntactic features and is divided into independent and auxiliary.

Towards independent, naming objects, their actions, signs, parts of speech include:

Official express relationships between objects without naming them and their characteristics:

• pretext;
• interjection;
• particle;
• union;
• onomatopoeic words.

Definition of an adverb, what questions it answers

An adverb is an independent part of speech in the Russian language, denoting a characteristic of an object, its action or quality and answering the questions: how?, why?, when?, where?, to what extent?, why? etc.

It is worth noting, that there are pronominal adverbs, included in this part of speech. It is common for them not to name the sign, but to point to it. They are divided into the following groups:

• undefined: somewhere, somewhere, somewhere, somewhere;
• negative: nowhere, nowhere, nowhere;
• index: there, there, here, then, now;
• interrogative: why, where, how, when, where.

Distinctive characteristics of adverbs

In the Russian language, there are grammatical, morphological and syntactic features characteristic of this part of speech.

Grammatical features. Adverbs have a general grammatical meaning. So, if they are included in a phrase with an adjective or other adverb, then they denote a characteristic feature. Example: very far.

In combination with such a part of speech as a verb, it acquires the meaning of a sign of action. Example: to do out of spite.

Morphological characteristics. Adverbs are immutable, that is, they are not tied to number or gender. This part of speech is not inflected or conjugated. For example: he is walking quickly, he is walking quickly, he was walking quickly, he will walk quickly.

Syntactic features. As part of a sentence, adverbs often depend on verbs and adjectives: they form phrases with them. Due to the dependence on other parts of speech, they are classified as secondary members of the sentence - circumstances - indicating the reason, mode of action, time, etc. For example: The sleigh quickly moved away from the house.

Classification by category

All adverbs can be divided into two main categories according to their meaning: circumstantial and attributive.

Detailed ones are designed to show temporary, targeted, causal relationships associated with the action. For example: on purpose, for the first time, yesterday, on the right.

Determinatives serve to characterize an action - its quality, method of execution - and are divided into the following categories:

1. Discharge of measure and degree. Characterized by the questions to what extent?, how much?. For example: very, too much, twice as much, etc.
2. Place rank. The adverb answers the following questions: from where?, where?, where?. For example: to the right, close, forward.
3. Mode of action category. This includes adverbs that answer the questions how?, in what way?. For example: quietly, loudly, in a whisper, sadly.
4. Reason category. The following questions are typical for determining the part of speech: why?, why?. For example: rashly, involuntarily.
5. Discharge of time. In this group, adverbs answer the following questions: since when?, until when?, when?, how long?. For example: recently, in winter, already, always.
6. Target rank. Characterized by the questions why?, for what?. For example: out of spite, intentionally, on purpose.

Predicative adverbs belong to a special group. They denote the necessity of some action, the possibility or impossibility of performing it, the state of nature or man. In impersonal sentences they act as a predicate. For example: It was already dark; It's time to sleep.

Classification by degree of comparison

Degrees of comparison are characteristic of adverbs, which are formed from qualitative adjectives and end in -o (-e). For example: slow - slowly, quiet - quietly.

The degrees of comparison can be divided into two:

• excellent;
• comparative.

To form superlatives a phrase is needed, which will include an adverb in the comparative degree and the word “all”. For example: quietest, farthest.

The comparative degree, in turn, is divided into simple and complex. A simple one is formed by using the following suffixes: -е, -she, -ee(-ee). NFor example: close - closer, fun - more fun, more fun, quiet - quieter. A complex degree of comparison can be obtained by using the particles “more” and “less”. For example: louder, less sad.

Grammatical relationships are built using inflected forms of words. The verb changes in persons and numbers, the noun has three declensions and three genders, and is in close connection with the adjective. Adjacent to these rules is also. Only behaves peculiarly. What is its peculiarity?

In contact with

A peculiar adverb

Linguists divide the huge verbal arsenal into categories such as parts of speech, each of which has its own role. Nouns perform nominative-subject function, that is, they name the object. describe an action, and adjectives give a characteristic.

The peculiarity of adverbs is that, without being in a dependent connection with any of the names or verbs, they influence its meaning: emphasize a characteristic, modify it, highlight some quality. Without them, speech would not be so rich and emotionally charged.

An adverb in the Russian language has a distinctive property, this is a designation of characteristics:

• actions;
• subject;
• another sign.

Attention! If verbs and nouns interact with a noun, taking into account its gender and number, then adverbs refer to completely independent linguistic formations. They remain unchanged in all respects.

Adverb categories - diagram.

Distinctive features and questions about them

Signs indicating actions

In a sentence, adverbs are usually are “in tandem” with the verb or like this verb form, existing in the Russian language as a gerund. To better understand which words are classified as adverbs of manner, let's look at examples of their use in the text. They make it clear what it is, with linguistic point of view, sign of action :

• The passerby walked slowly. The word “slowly” characterizes the verb of movement “to walk.”
• That night the moon shone brightly. Characteristics of the degree of illumination.
• Thunder roared loudly. Characteristics of noise created by a natural phenomenon.
• The master worked quickly and energetically. Characteristics of actions.
• A school of cranes flew low. Flight characteristics.
• He was silent, glancing furtively at the visitors. Characteristics of behavior.

Important! To consolidate the concept, you need to understand which part of speech answers the question: how? (how?) and refers to a verb or gerund.

Item attribute

An adverb indicating a characteristic of an object answers questions Which? which? which? It is used in a sentence together with a noun. Examples:

• walking, untucked blouse;
• care in English, step forward;
• moving backwards, reading aloud.

When the same words are used together with verbs, they characterize actions: walking, leaving in English, reading aloud, etc.

Feature sign

When combined with adjectives, adverbs more clearly reveal and “outline” in detail sign of another sign. For example:

• very branchy tree;
• too high fence;
• rather boring activity;
• task too difficult;
• extremely simple environment.

The part of speech we are considering plays a role increasing the degree of characteristics of an item, wherein its shape will remain unchanged.

Such forms are often used in works of art.

Four groups of adverbs and questions

Time

Having carefully considered what questions the adverb answers, it is classified into different groups. It is easy to determine that an adverb that answers the question: how long? When? since when/until when?– refers to a group indicating time or time period:

• Traditions in the village have been preserved for a long time.
• At harvest time, the peasants worked in the fields until dark.
• Doing something new is always difficult.
• He never returned to this city again.

Place

When asked where, where, from where they give answer data parts of speech indicating the place where the specified action occurs:

• turn right;
• be located in the middle;
• the river appeared ahead;
• the noise came from afar.

Goals

An adverb characterizing the goal answers questions For what? For what?:

• He did it stupidly.
• The tourists arrived early on purpose.
• He realized that there was no need to explain the purpose of the visit.

These adverbs are most often used in colloquial speech .

Causes

These parts of speech, indicating reasons, answer the question: for what reason? Why?:

• Blindly, he could not make out the small handwriting.
• Realizing that there was no point in continuing the argument, Peter fell silent so as not to say too much in the heat of the moment.

Attention! To find out what questions it answers and what category this part of speech belongs to in Russian, you need to look at the context. That is, carefully read the phrase or expression and ask the right question.

Semantic groups of adverbs.

Controversial issues

Soon and suddenly

The word “suddenly” is often doubtful - it is an adverb indicating a specific course of action or not? The unchangeable word suddenly is an adverb that means suddenness, unforeseenness of the commission of any action or phenomenon. For example: “Suddenly he noticed a girl’s figure by the canal. Suddenly the sky darkened and the first rumbles of thunder were heard. Doubts did not come suddenly; before that, he had been thinking about this strange proposal for a long time.”

Soon and soon - what parts of speech are they related to and what are their distinctive features? Soon is a part of speech, which, like the word soon, answers the question how? and does not change. Both adverbs mean a sign of action with a temporary connotation. However, soon is used to express the future, and soon - the past action. Compare: He appeared soon./ He will appear soon.

How to distinguish

When asking which part of speech in Russian answers the question where, where, from, students often cannot decide: these are parts of speech or parts of a sentence. If the first option is meant, then this is an adverb. And if the question where is answered by circumstance, then they can be either an adverb or a noun together with a preposition.

Compare: At the very bottom staircase the silhouette of a man appeared (preposition together with a noun). A slight noise was heard below. (adverb).

Adverbs of manner are often confused with adjectives. . To avoid this, it is enough to remember which words answer the question how? and are related to the adverb, and which ones - to the question which? and are adjectives. For example, in the phrase: “A good incentive makes you work well.” – good is an adjective, and good is an adverb, which was formed from the name of the adjective.

Spelling: Writing adverbs

Degrees of comparison of adverbs

Conclusion

Adverb - absolutely independent part of speech with its structural and linguistic features and a special emotional and semantic role in oral colloquial speech and literary text. With it you can create proposal with any emotional connotation, expressing your attitude towards a person, phenomenon or event.

Before you find out what questions an adverb answers , you need to understand what it is.

This part of speech is unchangeable and denotes signs of action or signs of other signs: The river flows fast. With the help of an adverb we specify how exactly a given action occurs. Flowing- action. Fast- a sign of action. Or another example: It sounded like a very sad tune. Sad V this proposal- sign. A Very- a sign of a sign.

An adverb enriches, decorates and specifies the actions described in

proposal.

As a rule, there is an indication of the place or time of what is happening. They actively use the part of speech in question: That's funny. It's cold outside.

Questions answered by adverbs

The subject studied in sentences is adjacent to verbs, other adverbs, nouns and adjectives. It reveals the course of action, its time and purpose. Based on this, you can understand what questions the adverb answers .

If we are talking about a course of action, then to the question: How? How? For example: Read (how?) aloud, walk (how?) on foot. The same category of adverbs also includes words such as quickly , well, in an amicable way, somehow, by heart, firmly, etc.

And if we are talking about the time of action, then the adverb answers the questions accordingly: When? How long? How long? These are words like: tomorrow, in the morning, a long time ago, in the summer, soon and so on.

What questions the adverb denoting the place of action answers is also clear: Where? Where? Where? For example : A car appeared on the left. Birds chirping could be heard everywhere. These are words like from above, tomorrow, from afar, behind and others .

Words out of spite, involuntarily, because, in the heat of the moment and the like may signify causes of action. It’s easy to ask questions about them: From what? And Why? For example: What didn’t he say in the heat of the moment!

The goals of an action can be judged by examples that answer the questions: For what? For what? For what purpose?He did all this on purpose. This also includes: out of spite, then, why, in vain, deliberately, there is no need.

It is easy to understand what questions the adverb denoting the degree and measure of action answers: How many? To what extent? At what time? In what degree? These are the words: plenty, too, satiety, barely, three times, completely and others. For example : We had to work hard to feed everyone enough.

IN special group Representatives of this part of speech are distinguished who do not talk about the signs of action, but only point to them. They are often used to link sentences. For example: We went to the river. We returned from there rested and happy.

Differences between adverb and noun in oblique case

It is quite difficult for students to determine the differences

between an adverb and a noun in the indirect case. To do this, it is necessary to correctly pose a question to the word, and remembering what question the adverb answers, decide which part of speech is in front of us. For example: Not at home. What is this? If we say this phrase in the meaning: I'm not at home, That Houses- this is an adverb because it answers the question Where? If the value is: My home is not there. That Houses is a noun in the genitive case that answers the question: (no) What?

Be careful!