Distance between inspection manholes. What should be the distance from well to well - choose a place for the water supply source
When planning construction external sewerage the requirements determined by SNiP must be observed. In particular, the correct distance from the building to the sewer must be maintained. It can take a very long time to find the necessary information, given the volume of regulatory documentation and the difficulty of reading it for ordinary person. To simplify the search and save time, below are only the data that you should rely on when choosing a location for placing sewerage facilities on a private plot.
Choosing the optimal location depends not only on the character internal buildings, but also on the type of sewerage structure. It is especially important to correctly position objects intended for wastewater treatment, which can be divided into storage (with a sealed bottom) and filtration (without a bottom).
The position of sewerage facilities on the site is regulated by SNiP
Cumulative
The minimum distance from the house to the storage well is 3 m. This is the necessary distance at which the construction of a treatment plant will not have a destructive effect on the foundation of the building. In this case, the maximum distance to the first well should not exceed 12 m. A more distant location can lead to frequent blockages and complicate pipeline maintenance.
When choosing a location for a treatment plant, you should also take into account its volume. If the capacity does not exceed 1 m³, then the object can be placed at the minimum possible distance from the house. As the volume increases, it is advisable to proportionally increase the distance.
Location of storage septic tanks relative to a residential building
As for the roadway and the neighbor's fence, in this case the same requirements are imposed as for a residential building - a distance of at least 3 m. But the location relative to outbuildings has not such strict criteria. The main thing here is to maintain a distance of 1 m.
Filtration
If in treatment plant a sealed bottom is not provided, that is, the wastewater after preliminary filtration is discharged into the ground, then the distance between the sewer well and the building must be increased to 10-12 m. This arrangement will not allow the destruction of the foundation from increased soil moisture.
In the case of domestic wastewater treatment, in addition to protecting the foundations of buildings, sanitary standards must be adhered to. To prevent source contamination drinking water, the filtration well is located 50 m from it. The minimum possible distance to the nearest reservoir is 30 m.
Layout of the wastewater discharge point into the ground
Distance between sewer wells
In addition to storage and filtration structures, there are other types of wells that are used for installation and maintenance of external sewage systems. Among them:
- examination rooms;
- rotary;
- differential.
Since such devices are not designed to accumulate wastewater, they do not pose a danger to building foundations and natural objects. In this case, these structures must be correctly positioned relative to each other.
Observation
Such structures are intended for inspection and maintenance of sewerage systems. They are used in complex external networks with long pipeline lengths. According to SNiP, the distance between sewer inspection wells depends on the size of the pipe. The following standards exist:
- Ø110 mm – 15 m;
- Ø150 mm – 35 m;
- Ø200-450 mm – 50 m;
- Ø500-600 mm – 75 m.
In domestic systems, pipes with a diameter larger than 150 mm are rarely used. Typically, a diameter of 100-110 mm is sufficient for arranging an external sewer system. Accordingly, in this case, an inspection structure needs to be installed every 15 m. Although for straight sections it is possible to increase the interval by several meters.
Rotary
Rotating devices perform the same function as viewing devices. The distance between them is not regulated, since they are located in strictly designated places - at a bend in the pipeline, the angle of which exceeds 45°. These points are most susceptible to blockages, so it is necessary to have access to these places for cleaning activities.
The distance between the rotary wells of household and storm sewer depends on the network design. However, if there is a long straight section between the turns, an additional observation point is installed at this interval.
Large pipeline bends must be equipped with rotating structures
Variable
If it is necessary to install a sewer network on a slope, differential structures are used. Such wells are designed to normalize the flow rate of liquid, since too intense movement of drains can lead to blockages.
The distance between such structures depends on the specifics of the terrain and is individual for each area. Some technical nuances should be taken into account:
- the height of the difference should not be more than 3 m;
- to reduce the flow rate, additional damping barriers can be installed;
- if the difference is less than 0.5 m and the pipeline diameter is 600 mm, it is permissible to replace the differential well with an inspection structure with a drain.
Sewage installation diagram on a slope
If you maintain the correct distances between sewer wells and other objects in accordance with SNiP, you will not have problems with either supervisory authorities or neighbors. At the same time, it is better to plan a complex system together with specialists in order to prevent technical errors and inconsistencies that can lead to unpleasant consequences.
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Who runs the show in underground kingdom: factors affecting the distance between sewer wells
Surely at least once in your life you have wondered why so many sewer manholes come across your way. Looking ahead, I will say that this is not someone’s whim, but a necessity dictated technical requirements when laying a sewer system. To clarify these points, I have summarized all current regulations and will gladly share my knowledge with you. So, let's hit the road.
Everyday educational program
For those who do not like to read for a long time, I inform you that according to clause 4.14. SNiP 2.04.03-85, all sewer networks without exception have wells. The permissible distance between two underground devices depends on the diameter and ranges from 35 to 300 meters.
For those who really want to find out the specifics of the location sewer wells, you should arm yourself with a couple of minutes of patience and read the article to the end.
So, what's hiding under the hatch? Directly below it is a special hydraulic room called... yes, a well. Depending on the type, they are intended for a specific type of routine maintenance:
- Inspection well serves for direct control of complex areas of the wastewater system. In case of clogging, which is inevitable when disposing of sewage of both social and industrial importance, repair teams gain access to problem areas through such wells;
- Rotary wells duplicate the functions of observation rooms, located at points of direct change in the direction of movement of sewage. Rotate or bend sewer pipe increases the likelihood of blockage; This type of underground structure allows you to quickly eliminate the problem;
- Where the landscape creates too much of a slope, or where it intersects with other engineering and technical underground structures, drop wells are installed;
It would seem that the greater the slope, the faster the wastewater will leave the pipe. But in fact, an excessive slope, as well as its complete absence, harms the sewer system - solid fractions of wastewater, not keeping up with the more liquid ones, accumulate, clogging the lumen of the pipe.
The photo shows a sewer drop well with the cover removed.
- Nodal wells combine several pipelines and allow them to be monitored.
Regulatory documentation
Don’t be surprised by the fact that SNiP 2.04.03-85 of the USSR Civil Code for Construction, approved back in 1986, still regulates the construction of sewer networks.
In our time, and more specifically, in 2012, the Ministry of Regional Development published the Code of Rules SP 32.13330.2012. In essence, this is a revised edition of SNiP 2.04.03-85, introducing some additions to the text.
Along with this, SNiP 3.05.04-85 is also in force, which pays more attention to laying technology and the materials used.
Well sizes
Section
We return to the wells. The cross-section of reinforced concrete rings, from which in most cases they are constructed, depends on two factors:
- Sections of the sewer pipe over which it is erected;
- Depth of occurrence.
For the first parameter:
If the depth of the well exceeds 3.0 m, then the smallest diameter of the rings must be at least 1.5 m.
Typical well height (its working part, measured from the tray to the lid), is equal to 1.8 m. It is quite expected that this value is influenced by the terrain - either in the direction of increase or decrease. For example, if the depth is >1.2 m, then the cross-section should not be less than 1 m.
Depth
Regarding the depth of occurrence, it should only be said that this value depends not only on climatic conditions.
Loads on the soil should also be taken into account, for example, when placing a pipe under roadway. The cost of an error is very high - from the possibility of pipe freezing in winter to damage or depressurization of the sewer system by vehicles passing over it.
In some cases, sewer pipes can be laid in a reinforced concrete tray and also additionally insulated.
Distances according to SNiP
Observation
Let's move on to the most interesting part - knowing which type of well we are talking about, we will learn the most and shortest distance between sewer wells according to SNiP. Let's start with inspection wells.
In practice, the distance is determined based on the cross-section of the sewer pipe connecting two wells:
Diameter (Ø) of pipe, m | Min. permissible distance, m |
0,15 | 35 |
0,20 – 0,45 | 50 |
0,50 – 0,60 | 75 |
0,70 – 0,90 | 100 |
1,00 – 1,40 | 150 |
1,50 – 2,00 | 200 |
Over 2.00 | 250 — 300 |
Rotary and nodal
There are no specific values regarding distances in the regulatory documentation for this type of well. Why?
To answer the question, you should remember for what purposes they are built:
- Nodal - at all places where sewer pipes are connected;
- Rotary - in all places where the pipe changes direction. Moreover, they must be taken into account by the design at each point of change in the slope of the landscape or the cross-section of the pipe.
The radius of rotation of the pipe also plays a role:
- If the Ø of the pipe exceeds 1.2 m, then the minimum turning radius is 5 Ø.
- If the pipe is less than 1.2 m, then the turning radius is equal to its Ø.
Captain Obviousness suggests: for large-Ø pipes, inspection wells must be constructed at the beginning and end of the turn.
Now you know that there are no specific figures indicating the distance between nodal and rotary wells in SNiP - everything is determined individually when designing the sewer network of a particular facility (house, block, region).
Variable
You should tell us more about drop wells. Such structures are installed in places where there is a large difference in height between the incoming and outgoing pipes.
The slope of the pipes of the external sewer network primarily depends on:
- Landscape;
- Underground structures and structures found along the path of sewerage;
- Depths of the incoming pipe.
At the same time, the design of differential wells will also be different. For example, to reduce the flow rate, the well design will be multi-stage. There are often designs where instead of pipes a simple channel is used, which has the required slope.
Pipes
The Ø of the pipes also affects the distance between the wells. Let's find out this nuance too.
When laying sewer system The following drain pipe sizes must be taken into account:
- 0.15 m for an intra-block network for domestic or industrial purposes;
- 0.20 m for the street sewer network;
- 0.25 m for street storm drainage.
If in locality the volume of wastewater is >300 m3 per day, then the smallest diameter for the intra-block and street network is 150 mm.
Sanitary protection zones
Another important aspect is worth mentioning - these are sanitary protection zones that affect the location of sewer wells. The parameters are determined by the performance and the type of structure used.
It is clear that such information gives little information to a simple developer in terms of practical application. Therefore, I will explain the parameters that must be adhered to when designing autonomous sewerage private household.
For example, let’s take its productivity equal to 15 cubic meters per day:
- For the section of underground wastewater filtration, the sanitary protection zone will be 15 m;
- For filtering drainage trenches or sand and gravel filters - 25 m;
- There should be at least 5 m from the foundation to the septic tank sump and at least 8 m to the filter well.
The diagram indicates 3 meters - this is minimum distance from the sewer to the foundation of the cottage. But we are talking about a nodal well!
Legal and Legal Responsibilities
In legislation Russian Federation penalties are provided for violations of SNiP requirements for the design and installation of external sewage systems, and a measure of liability is also prescribed.
Those responsible for compliance with rules and regulations include the following:
- design organizations - responsibility has been established for the correctness of plans, drawings and all preliminary calculations for the design of an external sewer network;
- customers and developers - responsibility for preparing the installed sewer network for operation has been established. This includes: personnel issues, correct selection and operation of equipment, commissioning processes, etc.;
- Research Institute – responsibility for the issued data on climatic conditions in the region where the sewer network is being installed;
- construction and installation organizations – full responsibility has been established for compliance with all norms and rules during construction and installation work and testing of the completed structure.
When checking and identifying violations for these categories of persons, a decision is made to bring them to administrative, disciplinary and, in the case of serious consequences, even criminal liability.
During the investigation of accidents associated with improper operation of the sewer network or its breakdown, specific perpetrators are identified and the degree of guilt of each of them is established.
One should not think that responsibility rests only with persons designing and constructing government and municipal systems external sewerage.
Any citizen who has taken up independent design and installation of an autonomous sewer network is also responsible for violating the requirements of SNiP and environmental laws.
Negligence or inaction of the responsible person, non-compliance current rules and standards, which led to an accident or breakdown or created an obstacle normal operation sewer pipeline is also classified as a violation with all of the above consequences for the specific culprit.
First you need to find out what types of tanks there are:
- Inspection rooms - monitor the operation of sewage drainage areas and facilitate cleaning of the system when blockages form.
- Rotary - help change the direction of movement of wastewater. Provide access to bends where blockages can also form.
- Variable - compensate for large or small slopes of the device, which affect the quality of the tank and contribute to the accumulation of solid fractions in it.
- Nodal - installed in places where the pipes are connected.
For example, according to SNiP, the maximum distance between observation rooms should be:
- if the pipeline diameter is 150 mm, then the distance is 35 m;
- diameter 200-450 mm – 50 m;
- diameter 500-600 mm – 75 m.
The minimum distance between sewer inspection wells is determined using the size of the pipe that connects the structures. Let's take a closer look at the diameter in the table.
Diameter, mm | Shortest distance |
---|---|
150 | 35 |
200-450 | 50 |
500-600 | 75 |
700-900 | 100 |
1000-1400 | 150 |
1500-2000 | 200 |
over 2000 | 250-300 |
That is, since inspection tanks provide full access to the sewage system, they should have the longest possible length of pipes. The device is located 12 m from the foundation, 15 m between inspection shafts. When installing a straight system, the gap increases to 50 m.
If this is a rotary tank, which is mounted on the bends of the pipeline system, then the following conditions must be met:
- The interval is determined total length straight sections between the bends of the pipes.
- If the length of this section is greater than specified in the regulatory document, then additional wells must be installed.
The required gap between sewerage devices is most often determined by specialists, since they are the ones who calculate the required slope when laying the pipeline, which affects the installation of rotary systems.
In the case of drop tanks, which are installed on soils where there are slopes, and the slope of the laid pipes must be taken into account, the maximum depth of the drops should be no more than 3 m. Structures are installed in places where the pipes bend, so in principle, it is necessary to calculate the required gap between the shafts in in accordance with the formation of pipeline bends. It is important to consider that if you are building a multi-stage drop structure, then you need to reduce the gaps between the places where the height changes. The drop point should be from 1.5 to 2 m in this case.
When installing a junction tank, you need to take into account the equipment of the sewer branches; the sections are determined using the pipeline cross-section.
- The pipe has a diameter of up to 600 mm - then the distance is 1 m.
- 700 mm – 1.25 m;
- 800-1000 mm – 1.5 m;
- 1200 mm – 2 m.
If the depth is more than 3 m, then the smallest diameter is 1.5 m.
The distance between the sewer well and the water well must be at least 30 meters so that sewerage wastewater did not affect the purity of the water. Also, the area where the installation of the water supply system will be carried out must be at least 50 m from places of contamination, such as
Conclusion
The sewerage system includes inspection, differential and rotary installations, which perform necessary functions, such as providing access to the sewerage structure and the ability to clear possible blockages. In order for the devices to be installed as conveniently as possible and to ensure access to them at all times, it is very important to take into account the required gap between the tanks, which complies with all sanitary standards required by law.
Without being a specialist in the field of construction of engineering communications, it is very difficult to understand the regulatory literature regulating the technology and procedure for carrying out such work. When trying to find a written accessible language information about the design of the domestic sewer network for country house, you often come across articles with vague content.
Some of them have nothing to do with the search query at all. For example, a well made of twine is a master class about making decorative crafts.
You have to spend a lot of time searching for the necessary information, literally visiting many sites. To make this task easier for you, in this article we will briefly outline the standards adopted building codes and rules regarding the construction of facilities for external network sewerage.
Sewerage of a private house
Quite often owners country houses decide to acquire autonomous water supply and sewerage systems. In one case - in order to save on utilities, the price of which is growing every year, in another - due to the banal lack of centralized networks in the village.
In order for an external sewer network built with your own hands to work normally, so that if necessary, you can eliminate problems and malfunctions that have arisen in it at any time, it must be built in compliance with certain rules.
The scheme for draining, treating and removing wastewater from a home depends on many factors, including:
- Topographic conditions of the site;
- Soil type;
- Availability of water supply sources on the site or in close proximity to it;
- Location of existing underground communications - water supply, gas pipeline, power cable, telephone line and so on.
The sewer network can be very simple and consist of one straight section of pipeline connecting the intra-house network with a cesspool or septic tank (see), located a short distance from the house. It could even be a well made of tires, in which wastewater is filtered or accumulated until the next pumping with a suction pump.
Such simple circuit often used for country houses or small private houses. For its normal functioning, it is enough just to maintain the required slope when laying the pipeline and pump out the well in time.
It is much more difficult to install a sewer system if the house is located on a site with difficult terrain, if due to the presence of a well or drinking well it is necessary to comply with sanitary requirements for the location of septic tanks or storage tanks, arranging them at a considerable distance from the house.
Often, owners of country houses combine drainage from several buildings located on the site into one network, including a drainage system and storm drains. In this case it turns out complex circuit from several long pipelines and several wells for different purposes.
It is the need for their installation and the distance between sewer wells that often raise questions among those who decide on their own, without the participation of specialists, to organize such a network.
Types and purpose of wells
There is a document regulating the construction of various sewerage structures and the distance between them - SNiP 2.04.03-85 “Sewerage. External networks and structures."
We will focus only on those points that relate to the domestic drainage network from a private home. Along the entire length of the external sewerage pipeline, depending on its length, terrain slope and other circumstances, it is necessary to install intermediate wells.
Manholes
These structures are built into the network in the following cases:
- Large length of straight pipeline;
- Changing the direction of the pipeline, its diameter or slope;
- The presence in the network of nodes in which a side pipeline is connected to the common main line.
Inspection wells are designed to organize control over the system, providing access to its problem areas for the purpose of cleaning and eliminating blockages.
According to SNiP, the maximum distance between sewer wells of this type depends on the diameter of the pipe and is:
- At d150 mm – 35 meters;
- At d200-450 mm – 50 meters;
- With d500-600 mm - 75 meters, etc.
That is, the larger the diameter, the farther the inspection wells can be from each other. If such large pipes are used in the construction of a domestic sewer system, then only if the volume of wastewater is large enough.
For example, the total from several separate buildings (house, bathhouse, guest house). Or when it is dumped into the general network rainwater from roofs and paths.
Much more often, pipes with a diameter of 100 mm (one hundred square meters) are used. On such a pipeline, the distance between inspection shafts is taken to be 15 meters.
Note. If the diameter of the pipe is the same throughout, the pipeline is straight and has no lateral connections, the minimum distance between sewer wells can be increased to 50 m.
Rotary wells
Having a similar purpose and design to inspection manholes, rotary wells are installed on pipeline bends.
Any such bends, which cannot have a rotation angle of less than 90 degrees, are areas with an increased risk of blockages, so inspection shafts must be installed above them.
- So:
- The distance between is determined by the length of the straight sections between the bends.
If the length of this section exceeds the number of meters specified by the standards, additional inspection well shafts are additionally equipped on it.
If the area where the sewer network is being installed is located on a slope, the slope of the laid underground pipeline may be too large. This should not be allowed, since at a high flow rate of wastewater, solid fractions can settle at the bottom of the pipe, gradually creating blockages.
In this case, the instructions require the construction of differential wells, forming a stepped system. The distance between them depends on the terrain and in each case is determined on the spot.
The following rules are taken into account:
- The maximum depth of the drop should not exceed three meters;
- If the difference is less than half a meter (on pipelines with a diameter of up to 600 mm), a manhole with a drain may be installed instead of a differential.
For reference. The end point of the sewer system is a filter or storage well.
Other regulatory requirements
In addition to those described, there are other requirements for the installation of external sewage systems. For example, the distance from a house to a sewer well of any type and purpose (the first in the direction of flow) should be at least 3 and no more than 12 meters.
We should not forget about the sanitary standards regulating the location of sewer wells and pipelines in relation to reservoirs, sources of drinking water, water supply systems for household and drinking purposes, fruit trees and gardening plantings.
Conclusion
Basically, improvement own home– the task is not the most difficult. The work of laying pipes and installing sewerage structures is within the capabilities of any homeowner.
How to do this is described in the video in this article and in other materials on our site. But if certain norms and rules are not observed, even a carefully and accurately installed system may cease to function normally, and to clean or repair it, you will have to open the entire line in search of a blockage.
This will not happen if you have access to the most problematic areas and the ability to control the operation of the system.
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Regulations are very difficult to master, especially for non-professionals. To understand all the requirements for utility networks, it is necessary to spend a lot of time processing a large amount of material. It is also quite problematic to find exactly the information you need on the Internet: often the search results are not at all what they should be.
This article will describe all the information that relates to sewer systems; the main types of sewer wells, their parameters and the requirements for structures will be considered.
Sewage systems of private houses
In the arrangement suburban areas Autonomous sewage systems are often used, which are characterized by the presence of a large number of positive qualities. Some systems turn out to be more cost-effective than using a central collector, while others turn out to be the only possible solution sewage problems.For the normal functioning of external sewerage and ensuring quality service, the design of the system must be arranged in accordance with the norms and regulations reflected in the relevant documents.
The installation scheme of the sewer system and its operation largely depend on factors, which include:
- topographic indicators of the selected territory;
- types of soils located on the site;
- availability of water supply sources near the site;
- engineering layout diagram underground networks, which are already present on the territory.
It is much more difficult to install a sewer system in an area that has complex terrain or where there is a source of drinking water. In this case, the sewage system must comply sanitary requirements, which apply to septic tanks or waste storage tanks. In addition, the design of the system may be complicated by connecting to it drainage system and storm drainage. Read also: "".
This design consists of several separate pipelines, so for its operation you will need a large number of wells. To ensure the operation of the system, you need to either contact specialists or carefully study all the nuances associated with sewerage requirements.
Types of sewer wells
The main document that defines design features sewer elements and the distance between sewer wells - SNiP 2.04.03-85 “Sewerage. External networks and structures." The document contains a large number of requirements, but owners of private houses do not need to study them all - it is enough to deal with the problem of local drainage (read also: " "). The main thing you need to know is that any sewer system requires intermediate wells, and they will be installed depending on various factors.Distance between inspection wells according to SNiP
It is necessary to install inspection wells in the following situations:- in the presence of an extended pipeline running in a straight line;
- when there are turns or bends in the pipeline, as well as when the diameter of the pipes changes;
- in the presence of branches of the structure.
SNiP determines the distance between sewer wells, and according to it, the following rules must be followed:
- with a pipe diameter of 150 mm, wells are installed every 35 meters;
- 200-450 mm – 50 m;
- 500-600 mm – 75 m.
As a rule, when arranging private sewer systems, pipes with a diameter of 100 mm are used. When using them, SNiP defines the distance between sewer wells as 15 m. If the sewerage system does not have bends or branches, and the diameter of the pipeline does not change throughout its entire length, then the distance can be increased to 50 m.
Rotary wells for sewerage
This type of wells is absolutely identical in purpose and design to inspection wells, with the only difference being that rotary wells are installed in places where the direction of the pipeline changes. Sharp bends with large turning angles are usually the areas most likely to become clogged and require special attention. This is precisely the function that rotary wells perform.The distance between rotary sewer wells is usually calculated based on the length of the straight sections between the bends of the pipeline. If the pipeline section is longer than specified by the regulatory document, then it must be equipped with inspection wells to ensure enough level control over the operation of the system.
Drop wells
Installing sewerage in an area with difficult terrain is quite a troublesome task. If the area has a noticeable slope, then the slope of the pipeline will also be appropriate, which is absolutely not allowed: wastewater moving at high speed will gradually settle on the walls of the sewer system, thereby clogging it and rendering it unusable.Regulatory documents in this case speak of the need to install differential wells, which are installed in stages and compensate for the high speed of waste transportation, saving the structure from clogging (more details: " ").
SNiP does not determine the specific distance between sewer wells in this case, but imposes some requirements on the design:- firstly, the height of one drop should be less than three meters;
- secondly, with differences up to 0.5 m deep (when using pipes with a diameter of up to 600 mm), differential wells can be replaced with inspection wells using drains.
Other standards
In addition to the standards described above, which are often a problem for owners of private plots due to their inaccessibility, there are others that also need to be followed in order to avoid problems with the functioning of the sewage system in the future. For example, the minimum distance from the sewer well to the building should be 3 m, and the maximum - 12 m, regardless of the type of well used. The distance from the house to the sewer well is a rather important indicator that must be observed. It is also important to consider the distance from the cesspool to the well. In addition, it is important to always remember the existence of sanitary standards that determine the removal of elements of sewer systems from reservoirs, water sources, vegetable gardens and orchards.Conclusion
Installing a sewer system on your own property is not a big problem. All installation work related to laying pipelines and arranging sewer structures are quite simple, and any homeowner can do them (read also: ""). You can find other articles on this site about all types of work, and then everything will become extremely clear.
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