Important information about bees. Interesting facts about bees
By modern classification bees are combined into one group (superfamily) along with the related sphecoid wasps, which previously constituted their own and separate superfamily Sphecoidea. Fossil representatives from Miocene amber are known, for example about 20 extinct genera of bees - † Electrolictus, Paleomelitta, Eomacropis, Electrobombus(Engel, 2001), fossil bee † Apis miocenica Hong (1983). Extinct genus Sinostigma Hong (1983) with a view Sinostigma spinalata(first as Melittidae, later transferred to Megachilidae - Hong, 1985, and now understood as wasp Pemphredon spinalatum). In 1975, the fossil family of wasps was identified † Angarosphecidae Rasnitsyn, 1975 (= Baissodinae Rasnitsyn, 1975), later demoted to subfamily Angarosphecinae(genus †Angarosphex Rasnitsyn, 1975, †Archisphex Evans, 1969, †Baissodes Rasnitsyn, 1975, etc.). In 2001, the fossil family of bees was identified † Paleomelittidae(genus †Paleomelitta Engel, 2001).
- (about 5600 species), including Anthophoridae (Nomadinae and Xylocopinae) and Ctenoplectridae.
- Halictidae (about 4,100 species)
- (22.VIII.1866 - 26.I.1948) - American zoologist, professor, the largest taxonomist, who described 3200 valid species of bees (a total of 6400 taxa of bees or 9000 species and genera of insects, as well as 1000 species of mollusks, arachnids, fish, mammals , mushrooms, plants).
- Heinrich Friese- entomologist who described 1300 valid species of bees. Genus Eufriesea Cockerell, 1908 is named in his honor.
- Charles Duncan Michener (09/22/1918-) - American entomologist, the largest modern specialist on biology and systematics of bees.
- Ferdinand Ferdinandovich Morawitz (3.8.1827, St. Petersburg - 15.9.1896) - Russian entomologist, vice-president of the Russian Entomological Society, who described 500 valid species of bees.
Pollination
Bees play an important role in the pollination of flowering plants, being the largest group of pollinators in ecosystems associated with flowers. Depending on the current need, bees can concentrate on both nectar and pollen collection. In both the first and second cases, bees contribute to the pollination of plants, but in the case of collecting pollen, this process is much more efficient.
The body of most bees is covered with numerous electrostatic branched villi that facilitate the adhesion and transfer of pollen. Periodically, they clean off pollen from themselves, collecting them brushes(with bristle-like hairs, located on the paws in most species, and on the abdomen in some) and then transferred to special baskets for pollen (corbicula), located between hind legs. Many types of bees tend to collect pollen only from certain species, others are not so categorical in this matter and use great variety flowering plants. Not a large number of plants produce nutrients instead of pollen flower oil, which only certain types of bees specialize in collecting. Small subgroup not stinging bees(Meliponini) has adapted to eating carrion - these are the only bees that do not feed on plant products. Pollen and nectar are mixed together, forming a viscous nutrient mass that is folded into small cells (honeycombs). The eggs of future bees are laid on top of the mass, after which the cell is hermetically sealed so that subsequently adult bees and their larvae do not come into contact together.
Bees as pollinators are extremely important in agriculture, and this has led to farmers in many countries agreeing with beekeepers to mutually benefit from raising bees near agricultural land. Monoculture (that is, long-term and continuous cultivation of plants of the same species in the same area) and a reduction in the number of pollinated plants leads to seasonal migration of beekeepers to areas where certain plants need to be pollinated at the right time. Bees also play a very important, although not fully understood, role in feeding birds and other wildlife. Many wild bees live away from agricultural land and are sometimes victims of special programs to eradicate mosquitoes, gypsy moths (Lymantria dispar) and other insect pests.
Sitting on a flower, a bee can become a victim of triatomine bugs (Triatominae) or side-walking spiders (Thomisidae) hiding there. Birds can catch it in flight. Insecticides (drugs used to kill harmful insects) can destroy a large number of bees - both directly and by polluting plant flowers. In the spring, the queen bee lays up to 2,000 eggs per day, and during the honey harvest period from 1,000 to 1,500 eggs per day, only restoring the number of the family to replace dead individuals.
The increase in the number of bees depends both on the efficiency of the bees themselves and on their numbers. For example, the efficiency of wild bumblebees increases approximately 10-fold in the area of Cucurbitaceae, and the overall efficiency of a honeybee colony increases due to a large population. WITH reverse side, during early spring bloom garden plants The queen population of bumblebees is limited to a few individuals, so they do not play a significant role in the pollination of early fruits.
Evolution of bees
Bees, like ants, are essentially a specialized form of wasp. Although the earliest fossils are estimated to be only 40 million years old, studies of bee genetics and partial fossils indicate that they appeared much earlier, with the emergence of flowering plants 140 million years ago.
The ancestors of modern bees belonged to the family of sand wasps (Crabronidae) and were predatory insects. Their victims were other insects, which themselves visited the flowers and were therefore partially covered with pollen. Thus, as a result of evolution, bees switched from a predatory lifestyle to feeding on plant pollen. Exactly the same evolution occurred with flower wasps (Masarinae), a subfamily of the folded wing family. The earliest pollinated plants were pollinated by other insects, such as beetles (magnolia), so before the advent of bees, the flower pollination syndrome was well known in nature. What is new is that bees have become specialized in pollination, they have undergone behavioral and physical changes that have definitely increased the ability of plants to pollinate, and they have become much more effective pollinators than beetles, flies, butterflies, flower wasps and other insects. It is believed that the emergence of such flower specialists led to adaptive radiation (adaptation to systematic, mild, unidirectional changes in conditions environment
) both flowering plants and the bees themselves.
Organization of bees
Bees are highly organized insects. In particular, bees jointly search for food, water, shelter, if necessary, and jointly defend themselves from enemies. In the hive, bees jointly build honeycombs, care for the offspring and the queen. Each bee performs its own function. Young worker bees feed the young, as they have well-developed royal jelly. Older bees are engaged in the construction of housing - their wax glands work intensively. Middle-aged bees play the role of a nurse, while older bees act as fan workers. And only old bees are engaged in carrying honey. IN summer time A bee only lives for a month.
Social and semi-social bees
Bees can live independently of each other, that is, lead a solitary lifestyle; and exist in various social formations. The most advanced in this regard are eusocial (social) colonies, which are home to honey bees, bumblebees and non-stinging bees. The social nature of bees is believed to have evolved multiple times and independently among different groups.
In some species, females of the same group are sisters to each other; and if a group of bees has a certain division of labor, then such a group is called semi-public. If, in addition to the division of labor, the group consists of a mother and her female offspring (daughters), then such a group is called public. In this structure, the mother bee is called uterus(or queen), and her daughters - worker bees. If such a division is limited only to the behavior of bees, then such a formation is called primitive social group(as in the subfamily Polistinae); if there is a morphological difference (different structure) between castes, then such a formation is called high-social group.
The number of species with primitive social behavior is much larger, but they have been little studied, and the biology of most of them is almost unknown. The vast majority of these species belong to the halictidae family. The colonies of such bees are usually small, the number of worker bees does not exceed a dozen, and the only difference between worker bees and queen bees, if any, is their size. The colonies of most species of these bees have a one-year cycle, and only fertile females (future queens) survive the winter. In some species, colonies are perennial, and the number of individuals in them reaches several hundred. Some species of bees of the genus Euglossini have a similar biology. Unusual levels of interaction between adult bees and growing larvae are observed in certain species of bees of the genus allodapini - in these the larvae's food is supplied gradually as it develops; such an organization is called " progressive provision" This system is also observed in honey bees and some bumblebees.
Highly social bees live in colonies, each with one queen, worker bees, and at some stages of development drones. A special box for keeping bees is called a hive. Each hive can contain up to 40,000 individuals during the peak season, which is summer.
Solitary bees
Solitary bees are important plant pollinators; the pollen they collect is used to feed their offspring. Often pollen is mixed with nectar, thus forming a paste-like mass. Many species of solitary bees have complex adaptations on their bodies to transport pollen. Only some species of solitary bees are bred for the purpose of pollinating plants, the rest are found only in the wild.
Solitary bees often feed only on certain types of plants (unlike honey bees or bumblebees, for example). In some cases, only one specific species of bee can pollinate a plant, and if those bees die for any reason, the plant is endangered.
Solitary bees most often make their nests in holes in the ground, less often in holes in trees, in hollow stems of reeds or blackberries. As a rule, the female creates a cell (comb), lays one egg in it, and keeps the other as a souvenir, adds a nutrient mixture for the larva and seals it hermetically. One nest can contain several cells. If the nest is located deep in wood, usually the cells closest to the exit contain eggs of males. Subsequently, the bee does not care about its offspring, and usually dies after making one or several nests. The males hatch first and by the time the females hatch, they are ready to mate. It is very popular among gardeners to create conditions for nests of solitary bees. Solitary bees are usually either non-stinging or sting extremely rarely, only in case of self-defense.
Some species exhibit a social trait where females make nests in close proximity to other nests of the same species. In other species, several females use the same nest to lay eggs, but each fills only her own cell with pollen and nectar - this rare type of coexistence is called " communal" The main advantage of this type is that several females alternately guard the same nest.
Cultural history about bees
Since ancient times, a huge number of myths and legends have been associated with bees. Thus, according to the ancient Egyptians, the soul of the deceased left a person in the form of a bee. The ancient Greeks were sure that the gods on Olympus tasted “sweet nectar”, that their ruler Zeus was fed honey in infancy by Melissa, the daughter of the Cretan king Melissia, and the goddess Artemis, the patroness of animals and hunting, was often depicted as a bee. Some of the oldest coins in the world, which were made in Ancient Greece, featured a bee. Ancient Greek legends claimed that Aristaeus, the son of the god Apollo and the nymph Cyrene, taught people how to breed bees. In fact, everything was as follows. It is known that in ancient times beekeeping flourished in Palestine, and many swarms of bees lived on the rocks: on hot days, honey melted from honeycombs (the wax structures of bees made of hexagonal cells) flowed down the stones, and that is why these places received the poetic name “the land where milk and honey flow." According to paleontological data, bees have lived on Earth for 30 million years - their fossilized remains were found in layers of the Tertiary period. Man has existed for only 2 million years, and Homo Sapiens even less - a few tens of thousands of years. People knew that bee nests were valuable prey already in the Stone Age. Therefore, they diligently hunted them to get honey and wax, although this was a dangerous and difficult task. Bees could sting collectors to death when they cut honeycombs with wax and honey from rock crevices or hollows of tall trees. The fact that in ancient times our ancestors collected honey is confirmed by ancient rock paintings. In Spain, for example, there is a Spider Cave. On its wall there is a picture of a man removing a honeycomb from a bee’s nest (the rock painting dates back to approximately 7 thousand years BC). It is difficult to say when ancient people switched from collecting honey to beekeeping, but archaeological evidence confirms that domestic bees were bred in Egypt 6 thousand years ago. Particularly honey-bearing areas were located in the upper reaches of the Nile. The Egyptians transported beehives there - baskets made of straw or reeds, or even ceramic vessels - on large wicker rafts, so that after some time they would return home with a rich collection of honey. In Ancient Egypt, honey was highly valued: all Egyptian pharaohs bore the title “Lord of the Bees.” A symbolic image of this insect adorned the royal emblem during the life of the pharaoh, and after his death - his tomb.
Links
- Society of Bees, Wasps and Ants
- All Living Things Definition and photo of bees Apoidea.
- Solitary Bees A popular introduction to the world of Apoidea.
The bee insect is one of the most useful creatures for the modern world.
Thanks to their efforts, every family has honey, which is not only useful product, but also healing.
Few people know, but in order to produce 1000 grams of honey, a swarm needs to make about seventy thousand flights to collect three kilograms of nectar.
Appearance structure
There are three varieties of these insects, the largest is the female (queen) - its size reaches up to 25, drones from 10 - 22 and the working class from 13 - 16 mm.
Queen bee:
Its color can be dark or black depending on where it lives, it also has a huge stinger, which it only uses against other queens, and a very developed jaw gland. The body weight of an adult varies from 180 to 300 mg. It should perform only one function, lay eggs; it can lay from 1,500 to 3,500 thousand eggs per day.
You can listen and download the sound of a bee by clicking on.
Drones:
It can be recognized by the color of its body, its body is darker than that of worker bees, there is no sting, instead there is an apparatus for copulation. The eyes are large and connected at the top to each other. The mustache is long, the proboscis is short, the wings are long. They do not have a reservoir for collecting pollen; their belly is oval.
Working honey bee:
The eyes are large in shape, the facets on them are tube-shaped, consisting of several hundred, and between them there are 3 even eyes. There are burrs on its sting, which, when bitten, cling to the skin and the sting remains in the body, after which it immediately dies.
They have wings (two pairs) of membranous wings connected and attached by a thin thread. There are brushes on the inside of the legs, with which she shakes off the collected pollen from the flower organs and places it in the basket. The pollen container is equipped with a flat bottom; two or three strong hairs grow on its edge, which hold the nectar that carries it into the hive.
Also on the womb are glands that mint wax. It dries out and turns into sensitive waxy plates, which are then used by bees to build honeycombs.
Habitat
Most likely, this species of bees spread throughout the world from India. Their preferred habitat should be saturated with flowering plants.
Life and development of the honey bee
In the first ten days of spring, there can be more than 1000 bees in the hive, and closer to summer there are about 5000 - 7000 thousand of them. In a large and friendly family there live 2 types of females: the female and worker bees, and there are also males.
Each member of this family has his own responsibilities. The main female leaves one egg in each cell. After some time, females emerge from fertilized testicles, not from fertilized drones. After three or five days, they become larvae; within a week they molt 4 times and grow very actively.
Old bees wall up newborn offspring in cells with a wax cover. They first take the form of pupae and then of adult bees. When the time comes, she leaves the cell, but still needs the care of older bees, who continue to feed them for some time.
Young individuals begin to work almost immediately; their initial task is to clean the cells of debris. The older generation is fulfilling its labor activity outside the hive. After 10 days, the wax glands of the young animals begin to reproduce scales, which are subsequently used in the construction of honeycombs.
From 16 to 22 days later part younger generation make honey from pollen. 25 days after the young bee leaves the cell, it begins to fly out of its home and make its first cleaning flights in order to remember the location of its home, increasing the distances each time.
According to statistics, flying bees begin their full active activity at 16 - 21 days, sometimes even earlier. Flying out of their home, they try to collect more pollen and nectar, but that’s not all; they also gladly accept honeydew from the petals of rare trees.
In territories with temperate climate this insect is active in the hot season, if it is cloudy or rainy they do not leave their hive. The constant temperature in it should be at least 34 degrees; if the temperature drops, the bees concentrate and group, huddling together on the honeycombs in order to compensate for the loss of heat.
Protection from enemies
The honey bee has only one weapon against dozens of enemies; having stung cattle or humans, it immediately dies, since its stinging apparatus remains in the enemy’s body.
However, if an ordinary wasp tries to attack her, having stung them, she can calmly return her sting to its original place. Enemies often lie in wait for bees when they return to the hive with nectar or pollen. They catch them and take them to the nest to feed the larvae.
Wild bees
Insects bees - living in wildlife, try to build their hives at the entrance of caves, in tree hollows or under rocky ledges. On hot days they fly out of their home to prey:
- Nectar;
- Water;
- Pollen;
- Honeydew;
- Padi;
Also, these insects can build hives on tree branches, the minimum height is from 8 to 10 meters from the ground, these hives can often be found in dense forests:
- Africa;
- Panama;
- Indonesia;
- South America and other countries located closer to the equator;
Lifespan
Queen bees can live from one to eight years, males from four to five weeks, and worker bees from eight weeks.
Related subspecies
- Indian bee (lat. Apis dorsata);
- Tropical bee - melipona (lat. Melipona);
- Before a bee begins to leave the hive in search of nectar, it must reliably examine everything that is within its home. If, after the bee flies, you move the hive 2 or 3 meters away, it may get lost.
- The young queen bees are fed bee milk, and the remaining larvae are fed bee bread.
- When the time comes and the queen grows old, the bees prepare a new queen cell, where they breed young queens. The old queen leaves the hive and dies. The queen who gnaws out of the cell the fastest becomes the queen of the family; the rest of the queens are killed by the bees.
- If the bees find a rich source of pollen, then upon arrival at the hive they inform their relatives about the find using characteristic movements reminiscent of a bee dance.
The queen in the family is the only full-fledged female with well-developed genitals. From her comes the entire family: worker bees, drones and young queens. The queen is constantly surrounded by worker bees, who look after her: they give her food, clean her body, clean the cells of the honeycombs for laying eggs in them, etc. Bees recognize the presence of a queen in the family by her smell. The queen secretes a special substance, the so-called “uterine substance,” which is licked off by worker bees from the surrounding “retinue.” The smell of this substance is transmitted to all individuals of the bee family due to the constant exchange of food between them. When the uterus dies, the supply of “uterine substance” stops, and its absence is quickly felt by the whole family.
When the queens are inseminated, drone sperm, containing a huge amount of sperm, enters the spermatic receptacle of the uterus, where it is stored throughout her life. The eggs laid by the uterus pass from the ovaries first through the paired oviducts, and then through the unpaired one. If at the same time spermatozoa (8-12 pieces each) penetrate into the mature eggs from the seminal receptacle, then the eggs will be fertilized. If the sperm of the drones does not fall on them, the eggs will remain unfertilized. Consequently, the uterus lays fertilized and unfertilized eggs. Only male drones develop from unfertilized eggs. The latter, therefore, do not have a father and inherit only the property of their mother. From fertilized eggs, queen bees and worker bees develop.
Bees raise queens in large honeycomb cells specially built for this purpose - queen cells. Bees can build them on ordinary bee cells of a honeycomb, in which the queen has previously laid fertilized eggs. Bees rebuild such queen cells after the sudden death of the old queen in order to breed a new one in its place.
If the queens suddenly die and there are no larvae in the nest, the nurse bees consume the food intended for them themselves, which causes them to develop ovaries (each of 3-5, less often 10-20 egg tubes). However, worker bees cannot mate with drones. They also do not have a sperm receptacle to store sperm. Therefore, from the unfertilized eggs laid by such bees, only drones develop. Worker bees with functioning ovaries are called polypores. A family with tinder bees is doomed to gradual extinction if the beekeeper does not provide it with the necessary help in time.
Worker bees do all the work inside and outside the hive. They clean the nest, prepare the honeycomb cells for the queen to lay eggs in, secrete wax and build new honeycombs, feed the larvae, maintain the required temperature in the hive, guard the nest, collect nectar and pollen from plant flowers and bring them to the hive; in a word, worker bees perform all the work related to the life of the bee colony.
“Oven bees” are responsible for the production of heat, which regulate heat production with great precision and are capable of heating up to 44 °C. One such bee, having climbed into a free cell, is capable of providing heat to up to 70 pupae, and in total, depending on the size of the colony, the number of such bees can range from several to several hundred. The temperature at which the pupa developed influences its future “profession”: a pupa developed at 35 °C will become a forager, and at 34 °C it will become a housewife. In addition, the specialization of a bee depends on its innate response to stimuli: individuals that respond to positive stimuli (food) become foragers, and those that respond to negative stimuli (danger) become guards. .To raise a thousand larvae, 100 g of honey, 50 g of pollen and 30 g of water are required. The annual need for pollen is up to 30 kg for each bee colony.
Perhaps the bee is the most useful insect on our planet, because thanks to it, people have had the opportunity to enjoy honey since ancient times. Even in ancient times, people learned to specifically breed bees, and the honey obtained with their help has served for centuries as a favorite sweet treat, as a medicine, and as an important ingredient in the creation of alcoholic drinks, such as mead, which was very popular among our distant ancestors during the Kievan Rus. So, since ancient times, the bee has been a faithful friend of man and this is our article for today.
Bee: description, structure, characteristics. What does a bee look like?
According to the zoological classification, the bee belongs to the stinging family, the order Hymenoptera, and its closest relatives are wasps and ants.
The color of the bee is well known; it consists of a black background with yellow spots. But the size of a bee, depending on its type and class, can range from 3 to 45 mm.
The structure of an insect’s body can be divided into three parts:
- The head of a bee, which is crowned with two antennae, also has compound eyes with a faceted structure. The eyes of a bee are quite well developed, so they are able to distinguish almost all colors, with the exception of shades of red. The insect's head is also equipped with a special proboscis designed to collect nectar from flowers. Oral apparatus bees have cutting mandibles.
- The chest of a bee is equipped with two paired wings of different sizes and three pairs of legs. The bee's wings are connected to each other using small hooks. The bee's legs are covered with villi, which serve for practical purposes - cleaning antennas, removing wax plates, etc.
- The bee's abdomen houses the insect's digestive and reproductive systems. There is also a stinging apparatus and wax glands located there. The lower part of the abdomen is covered with long hairs that help retain pollen.
Where do bees live
Bees live over a very wide geographic range, so it's easier to answer where bees don't live than where they do live. So, there are no bees only in those places where there are no flowering plants: hot sandy deserts and cold arctic tundras. In all other places there are bees.
As for the favorite habitats of these insects, they love to settle in mountain crevices, build their hives in the hollows of old trees and earthen burrows. It is important for bees that their habitat is protected from the winds and that there is a body of water nearby.
Lifestyle of bees
Bees are collective insects that live in large families - hives - and have a strict hierarchy and division of labor. The composition of a bee family includes:
- uterus,
- drone,
- worker bee.
In bee society, matriarchy reigns and it is the females who are entirely responsible for ensuring the life of the hive, while the males, also known as drones, exist only to procreate.
The queen bee is the queen of the hive, it is she who is responsible for the reproduction of offspring, she is also the creator of the hive and at first is engaged in its arrangement, until in this matter she is replaced by the worker bees that are born.
The task of male bees, drones, is only one - to fertilize the queen.
The entire economic life of the hive rests with worker bees, female bees incapable of sexual reproduction. They are the ones who hardworkingly collect nectar from flowers, protect the hive in case of danger, arrange its arrangement, transport honey, etc.
How long does a bee live?
The lifespan of a bee directly depends on its place in bee society, as well as the time of birth.
How long does a worker bee live? Her lifespan is not long, and if she was born in spring or summer, it usually averages only a month. This short life expectancy is due to hard work, which is led by a worker bee, obtaining nectar.
If a worker bee is lucky enough to be born in the fall, then she can live even six months, since she needs to survive the winter cold in order to be responsible for collecting honey in the spring and take part in its accumulation.
The lifespan of a drone is even shorter than that of a worker bee; two weeks after birth, it already becomes capable of fertilizing the uterus, and what is most interesting is that a few days after this very fertilization, drones usually die. It also happens that with the end of the honey collection period and the onset of winter cold, worker bees at this point drive out the drones that are no longer needed from the hive, after which they also die.
The queen bee lives the longest in the bee community. Typically, the average lifespan of a queen is 5-6 years, but for this she needs to be a valuable female and regularly give birth to new offspring.
What do bees eat?
Bees feed on pollen and flower nectar. Through a special proboscis, nectar enters the crop, where it is processed into honey. By collecting pollen and nectar, bees carry out a very important and useful function on flower pollination. In search of food, bees can fly up to 10 km per day.
Enemies of bees
Bees also have their own enemies, usually these are other insects, including their closest relatives, wasps and ants, as well. Some birds also make a living by eating bees.
Types of bees
Zoologists have counted 21 thousand species of bees. Also, the bee family includes about 520 genera, the most important of which are galactids, melitids, true bees, and megachilides.
Bee Reproduction
Natural reproduction of bees is carried out by laying eggs by the queen, and she can lay eggs both after fertilization by a drone, and without it, with the difference that drones appear from unfertilized eggs, and full-fledged individuals from fertilized eggs.
The path from an egg to a full-fledged bee goes through several stages: first, the egg turns into a larva, then into a pre-pupa and a pupa, from which an adult bee is already formed.
When bee family reaches a large size, division occurs - swarming. Some of the bees remain in the old place with the old queen, and some with the new queen go to build and equip a new hive.
Benefits of bees
Bees, among other things, have great medicinal benefits; even their venom in small doses is useful for diseases such as radiculitis, arthritis, and pinched nerves.
Bee breeding
- There are many myths and legends associated with bees; for example, according to the beliefs of the ancient Egyptians, the soul of the deceased left a person in the form of a bee.
- Even primitive people noticed that bee nests were valuable prey, and as a result they hunted for them. But this was a dangerous and difficult task, since the bees could sting the unlucky honey miner to death.
- IN ancient Greece beekeepers for the first time learned to insert partitions into bee hives and use them to collect excess honey supplies. And the beginning of “scientific beekeeping” was laid by the great philosopher and scientist of antiquity, Aristotle.
- The famous ancient Greek physician Hippocrates wrote a whole scientific treatise on the benefits of honey for human health, and according to legend, a swarm of bees settled on the grave of the famous doctor, producing special healing honey that helps against many diseases.
Bee, video
And finally, an interesting documentary about bees – “Tales from the Hive”.
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