Fillers for dry construction mixtures. Cement-sand mixture TsPS Dry adhesive mixtures aggregate size
GOST 31358-2007 establishes the requirements that must be met by dry floor building mixtures prepared with a cement binder based on Portland cement high-aluminate clinker or complex mineral binders with polymer additives of no more than 5% by weight of the mixture, used in the construction of floor coverings. The standard does not apply to floor grout mixtures. GOST 31183-2003 is valid from 01/01/2009.
GOST 31358-2007
Group Zh13
INTERSTATE STANDARD
DRY CONSTRUCTION FLOOR MIXTURES WITH CEMENT BINDER
Specifications
Dry building flooring cement binder mixes. Specifications
MKS 91.100.15
Date of introduction 2009-01-01
Preface
The goals, basic principles and basic procedure for carrying out work on interstate standardization are established by GOST 1.0-92 "Interstate standardization system. Basic provisions" and MSN 1.01-01-96 "System of interstate regulatory documents in construction. Basic provisions"
Standard information
1 DEVELOPED by the State educational institution of higher education vocational education"St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering" (SPbGASU) with the participation of the company "Maxit", the company "Wacker Chemie Rus" (technical center), ANO "Standardinzhinvest"
2 INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 465 "Construction"
3 ADOPTED by the Interstate Scientific and Technical Commission for Standardization, Technical Regulation and Certification in Construction (MNTKS) (Minutes No. 32 of November 21, 2007)
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Short name of the country according to MK (ISO 3166) 004-97 |
Code of the country according to MK (ISO 3166) 004-97 |
Abbreviated name of the national standardization body |
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Azerbaijan |
Gosstroy |
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Ministry of Urban Development |
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Kyrgyzstan |
State Agency for Architecture and Construction under the Government |
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Agency for Construction and Territorial Development |
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Department for regulation of urban planning activities of the Ministry of Regional Development |
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Uzbekistan |
Gosarchitectstroy |
4 This standard complies with the European standard EN 13813:2002 "Materials and devices for levelling of floors. Materials for leveling. Properties and requirements" in terms of requirements to indicators of mobility, wear resistance, strength of adhesion to the base (adhesion)
5 ENTERED INTO EFFECT by order Federal agency By technical regulation and metrology dated April 2, 2008 N 75-st as a national standard Russian Federation from January 1, 2009
6 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME
Information on the entry into force (termination) of this standard and amendments to it on the territory of the above states is published in the indexes of national (state) standards published in these states.
Information about changes to this standard is published in the index (catalogue) "Interstate Standards", and the text of the changes is published in the information indexes "Interstate Standards". In case of revision or cancellation of this standard, the relevant information will be published in the information index "Interstate Standards"
1 area of use
This standard applies to dry construction floor mixtures (hereinafter referred to as floor mixtures) made with a cement binder (based on Portland cement and high-aluminate clinker) or mixed (complex) mineral binders based on it, containing polymer additives in an amount not exceeding 5.0% masses of mixtures intended for the installation of floor elements (leveling and load-bearing mixtures), laid by compaction or self-compacting and used in the construction, reconstruction and repair of buildings and structures.
This standard does not apply to floor grout mixtures.
2 Normative references
This standard uses normative references to the following interstate standards:
GOST 4.212-80 System of product quality indicators. Construction. Concrete. Nomenclature of indicators
GOST 4.233-86 System of product quality indicators. Construction. Construction solutions. Nomenclature of indicators
GOST 166-89 Calipers. Specifications
GOST 310.4-81 Cements. Methods for determining tensile strength in bending and compression
GOST 427-75 Metal measuring rulers. Specifications
GOST 5584-75 Lever-gear indicators with a division value of 0.01 mm. Specifications
GOST 5802-86 Construction mortars. Test methods
GOST 7473-94 Concrete mixtures. Specifications
GOST 8735-88 Sand for construction work. Test methods
GOST 10180-90 Concrete. Methods for determining strength using control samples
GOST 10181-2000 Concrete mixtures. Test methods
GOST 13015-2003 Reinforced concrete and concrete products for construction. Are common technical requirements. Rules for acceptance, labeling, transportation and storage
GOST 13087-81 Concrete. Methods for determining abrasion
GOST 17624-87 Concrete. Ultrasonic method for determining strength
GOST 22690-88 Concrete. Determination of strength mechanical methods non-destructive testing
GOST 24104-2001 Laboratory scales. General technical requirements
GOST 24544-81 Concrete. Methods for determining shrinkage and creep deformations
GOST 28013-98 Construction mortars. Are common technical specifications
GOST 28570-90 Concrete. Methods for determining strength using samples taken from structures
GOST 30108-94 Construction materials and products. Determination of specific effective activity of natural radionuclides
GOST 30353-95 Floors. Impact test method
GOST 30459-2003 Additives for concrete and mortars. Methods for determining effectiveness
GOST 31189-2003 Dry mixtures for construction. Classification
GOST 31356-2007 Dry building mixtures based on cement binder. Test methods
GOST 31357-2007 Dry building mixtures based on cement binder. General technical conditions
Note - When using this standard, it is advisable to check the validity of reference standards on the territory of the state according to the corresponding index of standards compiled as of January 1 of the current year, and according to the corresponding information indexes published in the current year. If the reference standard is replaced (changed), then when using this standard you should be guided by the replacing (changed) standard. If the reference standard is canceled without replacement, then the provision in which a reference is made to it is applied in the part that does not affect this reference.
3 Terms and definitions
This standard uses terms according to GOST 31189.
4 Technical requirements
4.1 Floor mixtures must comply with the requirements of this standard, GOST 31357, regulatory or technical documents for specific types of floor mixtures and be prepared according to technological documentation approved by the manufacturer.
4.2 The properties of floor mixtures should be characterized by the quality indicators of the mixtures in a dry state; ready-to-use mixtures and hardened mortar (concrete).
4.2.1 The main indicators of the quality of floor mixtures in a dry state should be:
Humidity;
Largest aggregate grain size;
4.2.2 The main quality indicators of ready-to-use floor mixtures should be:
Mobility;
Water-holding capacity (except for self-compacting mixtures);
Preservation of original mobility.
4.2.3 The main indicators of the quality of the hardened mortar (concrete) should be:
Compressive and tensile strength in bending at the age of 1 (3) and 28 days;
Abrasion (wear resistance);
Strength of adhesion to the base (adhesion) at the age of 7 and 28 days;
Frost resistance (for load-bearing mixtures, except for mixtures for interior work);
Shrinkage (expansion) deformation;
Impact resistance (for load-bearing mixtures).
If necessary, can be installed additional indicators according to GOST 4.212, GOST 4.233 or contract terms.
4.3 The symbol of floor mixtures must consist of the name of the classification characteristics in accordance with GOST 31189, the main technical indicators of the mixtures and the designation of a regulatory or technical document for floor mixtures of a particular type.
An example of a symbol for a dry floor dispersed mixture based on a cement binder, self-compacting, ring flow grade 4, compressive strength class B30:
Dry floor dispersed self-compacting mixture 4, B30, GOST 31358-2007
4.4 Requirements for dry floor mixtures
4.4.1 The moisture content of dry floor mixtures must correspond to that given in GOST 31357.
4.4.2 The largest grain size of aggregate in floor mixtures is determined by the thickness of the floor covering layer and should not exceed 1/4 of its thickness.
4.5 Requirements for ready-to-use floor mixtures
4.5.1 The mobility of mixtures ready for use is determined by:
Cone settlement OK - for concrete compactable mixtures;
Immersion of cone P - for mortar compacted mixtures;
Ring spreading P- for dispersed self-compacting mixtures.
Depending on the mobility, concrete compacted mixtures are divided into grades: P1, P2, P3, P4, P5 according to GOST 7473; mortar compacted mixtures into grades: P1, P2, P3, P4 according to GOST 28013. Dispersed self-compacting mixtures are divided into grades P1, P2, P3, P4, P5 in accordance with Table 1.
Table 1 - Brands of dispersed self-compacting floor mixtures by mobility
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Mobility grade P |
Ring spread, cm |
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From 10 to 12 inclusive. |
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4.5.2 The retention of the initial mobility of mixtures ready for use is determined by the retention time of the initial mobility in minutes. The retention of the initial mobility of mixtures must be no less than the period of time during which the mixture is produced.
4.5.3 The water-holding capacity of ready-to-use mixtures must be at least 95%.
4.6 Requirements for hardened mortars (concrete) from floor mixtures
4.6.1 Standardized quality indicators of hardened mortars (concrete) must be ensured at the design age under conditions of natural hardening at a temperature of 20 ° C - 23 ° C and a relative air humidity of 50% - 60%.
The design age is taken depending on the binder used.
4.6.2 Depending on the compressive strength, classes (grades) of hardened mortars (concrete) at design age are established in accordance with Table 2.
Table 2 - Classes (grades) by compressive strength of hardened mortars (concrete) from floor mixtures
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Compressive strength, MPa, not less |
4.6.3 For mixtures with accelerated hardening times, the compressive strength at the age of 1 day must be at least 30% of the design. For mixtures with normal curing periods, the compressive strength at the age of 3 days should be at least 30% of the design.
4.6.4 The class (grade) for compressive strength of hardened mortars (concrete) from floor load-bearing mixtures must be at least B15 (M 200).
4.6.5 Depending on the tensile strength in bending, classes of hardened mortars (concrete) at design age are established in accordance with Table 3.
Table 3 - Classes for tensile strength in bending of hardened mortars (concrete) from floor mixtures
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Tensile strength in bending, MPa, not less |
4.6.6 The tensile strength in bending of mixtures with accelerated hardening periods at the age of 1 day must be at least 30% of the design; mixtures with normal hardening times at the age of 3 days - at least 30% of the design.
4.6.7 The tensile strength class in bending of mortars (concrete) from floor load-bearing mixtures must be not lower than B3.2.
4.6.8 The abrasion of coatings made from floor mixtures, determined by the weight loss of the samples, in accordance with the operating conditions of the floor structures and depending on the intensity of traffic, should not exceed the values established by GOST 13015.
It is allowed to determine the abrasion of coatings made from floor mixtures by the volume or depth of wear of samples.
4.6.9 Classes of hardened mortars (concrete) depending on the amount of wear are taken according to Table 4.
Table 4 - Classes of hardened mortars (concrete) by wear volume
4.6.10 Classes of hardened mortars (concrete) depending on the depth of wear are taken according to Table 5.
Table 5 - Classes of hardened mortars (concrete) by wear depth
4.6.11 Strength of adhesion (adhesion) of hardened mortar (concrete) to concrete base at the age of 28 days it should be at least 0.75 MPa for load-bearing mixtures, and at least 0.6 MPa for leveling mixtures. The adhesion strength of the hardened mortar to the concrete base after 7 days should be at least 50% of the design value.
4.6.12 Hardened mortars (concrete) must be of the following frost resistance grades: F50, F75, F100, F150, F200, F300, F400, F500.
4.6.13 The resistance to impact of the hardened mortar (concrete) must correspond to the values established by standards construction design depending on the intensity of mechanical impacts.
4.6.14 The shrinkage deformation of the hardened mortar (concrete) should be no more than 1.0 mm/m, expansion - no more than 0.5 mm/m.
4.7 Requirements for materials for the manufacture of floor mixtures
Materials used for the preparation of dry floor mixtures must comply with the requirements of GOST 31357 and regulatory or technical documents for these materials.
4.8 Packaging and labeling
4.8.1 Dry floor mixtures are packaged in bags made of polyethylene film, multilayer paper bags made of kraft paper or with a polyethylene liner, as well as bags with a capacity of more than 1 ton (big bags). The weight of the mixture in bags should not exceed 8 kg, in bags - 50 kg.
Packaging must prevent moisture from entering mixtures from the ambient air.
4.8.2 Marking of floor mixtures is applied to each unit of packaging in any part of it. The marking must be clear and contain:
Name of the manufacturing enterprise and (or) its trademark, address;
Symbol for the mixture;
Date of manufacture (month, year);
Shelf life;
Mass of the mixture in the bag (package), kg;
Brief instructions for use indicating the volume of water required to prepare a mortar (concrete) mixture of the required mobility, l/kg.
If necessary, the marking may contain additional data to more fully identify the product.
5 Safety and environmental requirements
5.1 Dry floor mixtures are non-flammable, fire and explosion-proof materials.
5.2 The sanitary and radiation-hygienic safety of using mixtures is established on the basis of the sanitary and epidemiological conclusion of the authorized state sanitary inspection bodies and is assessed based on the safety of the mixtures or their components.
The safety of mineral components of mixtures (cement, aggregates, fillers, pigments) is assessed by the content of radioactive substances, chemical additives - by their sanitary and hygienic characteristics.
5.3 Mixtures should not be released into external environment harmful chemical substances in quantities exceeding maximum permissible concentrations (MPCs) approved by health authorities.
5.4 It is prohibited to discharge dry mixtures, as well as waste from washing equipment into water bodies for sanitary use and sewerage.
6 Acceptance rules
6.1 Acceptance of dry floor mixtures is carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 31357 and this standard.
6.2 The volume of the batch is established in agreement with the consumer, but not more than the daily output of the mixing plant.
6.3 During acceptance tests of each batch of mixtures, moisture content, the largest grain size of the filler grains and the content of the largest grain size for dry mixtures, ready for use, mobility and water-holding capacity are determined - for mortar (concrete) mixtures, ready for use, compressive strength - for hardened mortars (concrete).
If unsatisfactory results of acceptance tests are obtained for at least one indicator, repeat tests are carried out on a double quantity of products taken from the same batch. The results of repeated tests are final and apply to the entire batch.
A batch of floor mixture is rejected if the mixture does not meet the requirements of this standard in at least one indicator.
6.4 During periodic testing, the following is determined: retention of initial mobility, tensile strength during bending, adhesion strength to the base and abrasion (wear resistance) - at least once a month; resistance to impact, frost resistance, shrinkage (expansion) deformation - at least once every 6 months, as well as when the quality of source materials, mixture composition and manufacturing technology changes.
results periodic testing apply to all supplied batches of dry mixtures until the next periodic tests are carried out.
6.5 Radiation and sanitary-hygienic assessment of mixtures is confirmed by the presence of a sanitary-epidemiological conclusion from authorized state sanitary inspection bodies, which must be renewed upon expiration of its validity period or when the quality of the starting materials, composition of mixtures and manufacturing technology changes.
6.6 Radiation-hygienic assessment of mixtures may be carried out on the basis of suppliers’ passport data mineral materials used for the manufacture of mixtures, about the content of natural radionuclides in these materials.
In the absence of supplier data on the content of natural radionuclides in the starting materials, the manufacturer of the mixtures at least once a year, and also with each change of supplier, determines the content of natural radionuclides in the materials and/or mixture.
6.7 The consumer has the right to carry out quality control checks of mixtures in accordance with the requirements and methods established in this standard.
6.8 Each batch of the supplied mixture must be accompanied by a quality document indicating:
Name of the manufacturer;
Name and symbol mixtures;
Batch number;
Number and date of issue of the quality document;
Batch volume, kg (t);
Values of the main indicators of the quality of mixtures;
Specific effective activity of natural radionuclides in floor mixtures;
Designation of a regulatory or technical document in accordance with which the floor mixture is manufactured.
During export-import operations, the content of the quality document is specified in the contract for the supply of dry mixture.
7 Test methods
7.1 Sampling of dry floor mixture for testing is carried out in accordance with GOST 31356.
7.2 Humidity, the largest grain size of the aggregate and the content of the largest grain size of floor mixtures are determined according to GOST 8735.
7.3 Mobility, water-holding capacity and persistence of the initial mobility of mortar mixtures are determined according to GOST 5802.
The mobility of dispersed mixtures is determined according to GOST 31356.
7.4 The mobility and persistence of the initial mobility of concrete mixtures are determined according to GOST 10181.
7.5 Compressive and tensile strength in bending of hardened mortars (concrete) is determined on control samples in accordance with GOST 310.4 or GOST 10180; on samples taken from structures - according to GOST 28570 or by non-destructive testing methods - according to GOST 22690 or GOST 17624.
7.6 Frost resistance and adhesion strength of hardened mortars (concrete) to a concrete base are determined according to GOST 31356.
7.7 Shrinkage (expansion) deformations of hardened mortars (concrete) are determined according to GOST 24544 within the following periods: 1, 3, 7, 28 days.
7.8 Resistance to impact of hardened mortars (concrete) is determined according to GOST 30353.
7.9 The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides in the starting materials for preparing mixtures or directly in mixtures is determined according to GOST 30108.
7.10 Materials for preparing mixtures are tested in accordance with the requirements of regulatory or technical documents for these materials.
Test methods for materials used for the preparation of floor mixtures must be specified in the technological documentation for the preparation of floor mixtures.
The effectiveness of the additives used is determined according to GOST 30459.
7.11 Determination of abrasion (wear)
7.11.1 Test equipment and auxiliary devices
Abrasion circle type LKI-2, LKI-3 or Boehme according to GOST 13087.
Scales in accordance with GOST 24104 with a permissible error limit of ±0.01 g.
Vernier calipers according to GOST 166.
Metal ruler according to GOST 427.
Indicator according to GOST 5584.
Abrasive material (corundum) with a grain size from 160 to 200.
7.11.2 Preparation for the test
7.11.2.1 For testing, cube samples are made, the edge size of which is 70 mm, or cylinders with a diameter and height of 70 mm, maintained for at least 28 days according to the following regime:
2 days in the mold at a temperature of (20±2) °C;
5 days after stripping at humidity (95±5)% and temperature (20±2) °C and then 21 days at humidity (65±5)% and temperature (20±2) °C.
Samples are made according to GOST 10180 or cut from the floor structure. If the height of the samples cut from the floor structure is less than 70 mm, the samples are increased to the required thickness with metal additional plates or gypsum dough on the side opposite to the one being abraded.
7.11.2.2 Samples are tested in series. The number of samples in a series must be at least three.
7.11.2.3 The air temperature in the room in which the tests are carried out must be (25±10) °C, relative air humidity - (50±20)%.
7.11.2.4 Before testing, samples cut from the structure are kept for at least 2 days in a room with the temperature and humidity conditions specified in 7.11.2.3.
7.11.2.5 The lower edge of samples made in molds or the upper edge of samples cut from the structure are subjected to abrasion. Before testing, samples are weighed with an error of ±0.01 g, measured with an error of up to 0.1 mm, and the area of the abraded edge is determined.
The deviation from the flatness of the abraded edge should not exceed 0.05 mm per 100 mm of edge length. Deviation from flatness is determined according to GOST 10180, Appendix 5.
7.11.2.6 To determine abrasion by depth of wear, before testing, a thoroughly cleaned sample is placed with the abraded edge up on a flat horizontal surface and the thickness is measured with an indicator at nine points (see Figure 1) with an error of no more than 0.01 mm.
Figure 1 - Sample thickness measurement points
To determine abrasion by volume of wear, samples are measured before testing with an error of no more than 0.1 mm, weighed with an error of no more than 0.1 g, and the average density is determined.
7.11.3 Test performance
7.11.3.1 The samples are installed in the slots of the abrasion circle, ensuring their free movement in the vertical plane.
A concentrated vertical load of (300±5) N corresponding to a pressure of (60±1) kPa is applied to each sample.
7.11.3.2 The first portion of abrasive material weighing (20 ± 1) g is poured onto the abrasive disk in a uniform layer for the first 30 m of the abrasion path of each sample.
The circle drive is turned on and abrasion is carried out. Every 30 m of the abrasion path traveled by the samples (22 revolutions on the Boehme abrasive circle or 28 revolutions on the LKI-2 or LKI-3 circle), the abrasive disk is stopped and replaced abrasive material. This operation is repeated five times, which is one test cycle (150 m of path).
7.11.3.3 After each test cycle, the samples are rotated 90° in a horizontal plane around the vertical axis and the following test cycles are carried out. The number of test cycles must be at least four for each sample (total abrasion path - 600 m).
After four test cycles, the samples are wiped with a dry cloth and weighed with an error of ±0.01 g.
The thickness and volume of the samples after abrasion are determined according to 7.11.2.6.
7.11.4 Processing test results
7.11.4.1 Abrasion based on the weight loss of each sample in the series, g/cm, is determined by the formula.,
It is allowed to transport mixtures in silos with a capacity of 3-18 tons, provided that the requirements of 8.1.2 are met.
8.1.2 The means used for transporting mixtures must exclude the possibility of precipitation, and also ensure protection of the packaging from mechanical damage and loss of integrity.
8.2 Storage
8.2.1 Floor mixtures should be stored in covered, dry warehouses in packaged form, preventing them from getting wet and ensuring the safety of the packaging.
8.2.2 The guaranteed shelf life of packaged mixtures when stored in accordance with 8.2.1 is 6 months from the date of manufacture.
The shelf life of mixtures transported in silos is 3 months from the date of manufacture.
At the end of the storage period, the mixture must be checked for compliance with the requirements of this standard. If compliant, the mixture may be used for its intended purpose.
Electronic document text
prepared by Kodeks JSC and verified against:
official publication
M.: Standartinform, 2008
INTERSTATE COUNCIL FOR STANDARDIZATION, METROLOGY AND CERTIFICATION
INTERSTATE COUNCIL FOR STANDARDIZATION, METROLOGY AND CERTIFICATION
INTERSTATE
STANDARD
General technical conditions
Official publication
Standardinform
Preface
The goals, basic principles and basic procedure for carrying out work on interstate standardization are established by GOST 1.0-92 “Interstate standardization system. Basic provisions" and MSN 1.01-01-96 "System of interstate regulatory documents in construction. Basic provisions"
Standard information
1 DEVELOPED by the State educational institution of higher professional education "St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering" (SPbGASU) with the participation of the company "Maxit", the company "WackerChemie Rus" (technical center), ANO "Standardinzhinvest"
2 INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 465 “Construction”
3 ADOPTED by the Interstate Scientific and Technical Commission for Standardization, Technical Regulation and Certification in Construction (MNTKS) on November 21, 2007.
4 This standard complies with European standards EN 998-1:2003 “Specification for masonry mortars. Part 1: Plasters and putty mortars" (EN 998-1:2003 "Specification on masonry mortars. Part 1: Plasters and stopping fillers"), EH 998-2:2003 "Specification for masonry mortars. Part 2: Masonry mortars" (EN 998-2:2003 "Specification on masonry mortars. Part 1: Masonry mortars"), EH 13813:2002 "Materials for leveling floors and devices for leveling. Properties and requirements" (EN 13813:2002 "Materials and devices for leveling of floors. Materials for leveling. Proper ties and requirements"), EH 1323:1996 "Tile adhesives - Concrete slab testing" (EN 1323:1996 " Glues for facing tiles - Concrete slab used as base") in terms of requirements for mobility, water absorption and adhesion strength of mixtures
5 ENTERED INTO EFFECT by order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated April 2, 2008 No. 74-st as a national standard of the Russian Federation from January 1, 2009.
6 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME
Information on the entry into force (termination) of this standard and amendments to it on the territory of the above states is published in the indexes of national (state) standards published in these states.
Information about changes to this standard is published in the index (catalog) “Interstate Standards”, and the text of the changes is published in the information indexes “Interstate Standards”. In case of revision or cancellation of this standard, the relevant information will be published in the information index “Interstate Standards”
© Standardinform, 2008
This standard cannot be fully or partially reproduced, replicated and distributed as an official publication in the Russian Federation without permission from the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology
INTERSTATE STANDARD
DRY CONSTRUCTION MIXTURES WITH CEMENT BINDER
General technical conditions
Dry building cement binder mixes.
General specifications
Date of introduction - 2009-01-01
1 area of use
This standard applies to dry construction mixtures (hereinafter referred to as dry mixtures) made with a cement binder based on Portland cement clinker or with mixed (complex) binders based on it, aluminous cement, containing polymer additives of no more than 5% of the mass of the mixture used in construction , reconstruction and repair of buildings and structures, and establishes general technical requirements, acceptance rules, test methods.
The standard does not apply to dry mixtures based on gypsum, polymer and special binders, as well as to biocidal and sanitizing mixtures.
The requirements of this standard should be taken into account when developing regulatory and technical documents that establish standardized quality indicators for specific types of dry mixtures, ensuring the technological and technical efficiency of dry mixtures, as well as technological documentation for their use.
Note - The term “complex binders” is used until the revision of GOST 31189.
This standard uses normative references to the following interstate standards:
GOST4.212-80 System of product quality indicators. Construction. Concrete. Nomenclature of indicators
GOST 4.233-86 System of product quality indicators. Construction. Construction solutions. Nomenclature of indicators
GOST 310.4-81 Cements. Methods for determining tensile strength in bending and compression
GOST 965-89 White Portland cements. Specifications
GOST 969-91 Aluminous and high-alumina cements. Specifications
GOST 5802-86 Construction mortars. Test methods
GOST 7076-99 Construction materials and products. Methods for determining thermal conductivity and thermal resistance under stationary thermal conditions
GOST 8267-93 Crushed stone and gravel from dense rocks for construction work. Specifications
GOST 8735-88 Sand for construction work. Test methods
GOST 8736-93 Sand for construction work. Specifications
GOST 10060.0-95 Concrete. Methods for determining frost resistance. General requirements
GOST 10060.1-95 Concrete. Basic method for determining frost resistance
GOST 10060.2-95 Concrete. Accelerated methods for determining frost resistance during repeated freezing and thawing
Official publication
GOST 10060.3-95 Concrete. Dilatometric method for accelerated determination of frost resistance
GOST 10178-85 Portland cement and Portland slag cement. Specifications
GOST 10180-90 Concrete. Methods for determining strength using control samples
GOST 10181-2000 Concrete mixtures. Test methods
GOST 12730.3-78 Concrete. Method for determining water absorption
GOST 12730.5-84 Concrete. Methods for determining water resistance
GOST 13015-2003 Reinforced concrete and concrete products for construction. General technical requirements. Rules for acceptance, labeling, transportation and storage
GOST 17624-87 Concrete. Ultrasonic method for determining strength
GOST 22690-88 Concrete. Determination of strength by mechanical methods of non-destructive testing
GOST 22856-89 Crushed stone and decorative sand from natural stone. Technical specifications GOST 24211 -2003 Additives for concrete and mortars. General technical conditions GOST 24452-80 Concrete. Methods for determining prismatic strength, elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio
GOST 24544-81 Concrete. Methods for determining shrinkage and creep deformations GOST 25820-2000 Lightweight concrete. Specifications
GOST 25898-83 Construction materials and products. Methods for determining vapor permeation resistance
GOST 26633-91 Heavy and fine-grained concrete. Technical specifications GOST 27677-88 Corrosion protection in construction. Concrete. General test requirements
GOST 28570-90 Concrete. Methods for determining strength using samples taken from structures
GOST 28575-90 Corrosion protection in construction. Concrete and reinforced concrete structures. Testing the vapor permeability of protective coatings
GOST 30108-94 Construction materials and products. Determination of specific effective activity of natural radionuclides
GOST 31108-2003 General construction cements. Technical specifications GOST 31189-2003 Dry mixtures for construction. Classification GOST 30353-95 Floors. Test method for resistance to impact GOST 31356-2007 Dry building mixtures with cement binder. Test methods GOST 31358-2007 Dry building floor mixtures with cement binder. Specifications
Note - When using this standard, it is advisable to check the validity of reference standards on the territory of the state using the “National Standards” index compiled as of January 1 of the current year, and according to the corresponding information indexes published in the current year. If the reference standard is replaced (changed), then when using this standard you should be guided by the replacing (changed) standard. If the reference standard is canceled without replacement, then the provision in which a reference is made to it is applied in the part that does not affect this reference.
3 Terms and definitions
This standard uses terms in accordance with GOST 31189, as well as the following terms with corresponding definitions.
3.1 ready-to-use mixtures: Mixtures of binders, fillers, fillers, chemical additives, pigments (if necessary) and water, mixed until smooth and ready for construction work.
3.2 hardened mortars (concrete): Artificial stone materials that are hardened mixtures of binders, fillers, aggregates, chemical additives and pigments (if necessary).
Note - Hardened solutions include hardened mortar and dispersed
3.3 water absorption by capillary suction: The ability of a sample of hardened mortar (concrete), dried to constant weight, to absorb water at atmospheric pressure due to capillary or adsorption forces.
3.4 contact zone: The interface between the phases “base” - “hardened mortar (concrete)”.
3.5 frost resistance of the contact zone: The ability of a hardened mortar (concrete) to maintain adhesive strength (adhesion) to the base during repeated alternating freezing and thawing.
3.6 strength of adhesion to the base (adhesion): Mechanical characteristics of the contact zone under tensile tear-off conditions.
4 Technical requirements
4.1 Dry mixtures must comply with the requirements of this standard and be manufactured according to technological documentation approved by the manufacturer.
4.2 The properties of dry mixtures are characterized by the quality indicators of mixtures in a dry state, ready-to-use mixtures, and hardened mortar (concrete).
4.2.1 The main indicators of the quality of dry mixtures should be:
Humidity;
Largest aggregate grain size;
Bulk density (if necessary).
4.2.2 The main quality indicators of ready-to-use mixtures should be:
Mobility (except for adhesive ones, for adhesive ones - if necessary);
Preservation of original mobility;
Water holding capacity;
Volume of entrained air (if necessary).
4.2.3 The main indicators of the quality of the hardened mortar (concrete) should be:
Compressive strength (except adhesive);
Water absorption;
Frost resistance (except for mixtures for interior work);
Strength of adhesion to the base (adhesion);
Waterproofness (for waterproofing mixtures and if necessary);
Abrasion resistance (for floor mixtures and if necessary);
Frost resistance of the contact zone (except for mixtures for interior work).
4.2.4 For mixtures of a specific type, the following additional quality indicators are established in accordance with their scope of application:
Tensile strength when bending;
Shrinkage (expansion) deformation;
Impact resistance;
Elastic modulus;
Thermal conductivity;
Vapor permeability;
Corrosion resistance at various types corrosion.
If necessary, other indicators are established in accordance with GOST 4.212, GOST 4.233, and the terms of the contract.
4.3 The symbol of dry mixtures must consist of the names of the corresponding classification characteristics in accordance with GOST 31189, the designation of the main technical indicators of the mixtures (if necessary) and the designation of a regulatory or technical document for mixtures of specific types.
Examples of symbols:
Dry construction concrete mixture on cement binder, assembly, mobility grade PZ, compressive strength class VZO, water resistance grade W8, frost resistance grade F150:
Dry concrete mixture, assembly, PZ, VZO, W8, F150 (designation of a regulatory or technical document for a specific type of mixture)
Dry construction mortar mixture on cement-lime binder, repair, surface, mobility grade P to 3, compressive strength grade M75, frost resistance grade F100:
Dry mortar mixture, cement-lime, repair, surface P k 3, M75, F100 (designation of a regulatory or technical document for a specific type of mixture)
Dry construction dispersed mixture with cement binder, leveling, putty, mobility grade P to 3, compressive strength grade M100, frost resistance grade F50:
Dry dispersed putty mixture P k 3, M100, F50 (designation of a regulatory or technical document for a specific type of mixture)
4.4 The moisture content of dry mixtures should not exceed, % by weight:
0.2 - for mixtures based on cement and mixed (complex) binders, containing 80% of the mass of the mixed binder or more;
0.3 - for mixtures with mixed (complex) binders containing cement less than 80% of the mass of the mixed binder.
4.5 The largest grain size of the filler, D max, mm, should be no more than:
20.00 - for concrete mixtures;
5.00 - for mortar mixtures;
0.63 - for dispersed mixtures.
The residue on the sieve corresponding to the grain size of the largest aggregate coarseness in dry mixtures (except dispersed) should be no more than 5.0%, in dispersed mixtures - no more than 0.5%.
4.7 The mobility of mixtures ready for use is determined by:
By sediment OK and/or spreading of the cone RK, cm, - for concrete mixtures;
According to the immersion Pk and the spreading of the cone RK, cm, - for mortar and dispersed mixtures, respectively;
According to the spreading of the ring P k, cm, - for dispersed self-compacting mixtures.
The mobility of the mixtures must be ensured when mixing with water in the amount indicated on the label.
The mobility grade and the mobility assessment criterion are established in regulatory or technical documents for specific types of dry mixtures, depending on their purpose.
4.8 The retention of the initial mobility of mixtures ready for use is determined by the retention time of the initial mobility in minutes. The retention of the initial mobility of mixtures must be no less than the time during which the mixture is produced.
4.9 The water-holding capacity of mixtures ready for use must be at least 90%; those containing water-retaining additives must be at least 95%.
4.10 Standardized quality indicators of hardened mortars (concrete) must be ensured at the design age under conditions of normal humidity (f = 18 °C-20 °C, relative air humidity more than 95%) or natural hardening (f = 20 °C-23 ° C, relative air humidity 50% -60%) depending on the area of application of mixtures of specific types.
The design age and hardening conditions should be indicated in regulatory or technical documents for dry mixtures of specific types. If this is not indicated in the regulatory or technical document for a particular type of mixture, then the design age should be taken as 28 days under normal humidity hardening conditions for concrete mixtures and natural hardening for mortar and dispersed mixtures.
4.11 Compressive and tensile strength classes in bending of concrete at design age must correspond to the parametric series given in GOST 26633.
For solutions at design age, the following classes (grades) are established:
Compressive strength classes: B10, B15, B20, B22.5, B25, VZO, B35, B40, B45, B50; brands: M5, M10, M25, M50, M75, M100, M150, M200, M250, M300;
Tensile strength during bending classes: Btb0.4; Btb0.8; Btb1,2; Btb1.6; Btb2.0; Btb2,4; Btb2.8; Btb3,2; Btb3.6; Btb4.0; Btb4,4; Btb4.8; Btb5,2.
4.12 Water absorption of hardened solutions (concrete) when saturated with water for 48 hours and samples are completely immersed in water should not exceed, % by weight:
8.0 - for mixtures based on cement and mixed (complex) binders, containing 80% of the mass of the mixed binder or more;
15.0 - for mixtures with mixed (complex) binders containing less than 80% of the mass of the mixed binder.
Water absorption during capillary suction for 24 hours should not exceed 0.4 kg/m 2 h 0 - 5 (except for waterproofing mixtures), for waterproofing mixtures - no more than 0.2 kg/m 2 h 0 - 5.
4.13 Frost resistance grades of hardened concrete are established in accordance with GOST 10060.0.
For hardened solutions, the following frost resistance grades are established: F15, F25, F35, F50, F75, F100, F150, F200, F300, F400.
4.14 The adhesion strength of hardened mortars to the concrete base (adhesion) must be established in regulatory or technical documents for dry mixtures of specific types and must not be lower than: 0.8 MPa - for repair, 0.5 MPa - for adhesive; 0.4 MPa - for external leveling mixtures, 0.25 MPa - for internal leveling mixtures.
The adhesion strength of hardened mortars with a base made of other materials (brick, natural stone, mineral wool slabs, ceramic tiles, polystyrene foam, etc.) are established in regulatory or technical documents for specific types of dry mixtures, depending on the area of application.
4.15 Hardened solutions must have the following grades for frost resistance of the contact zone: F K3 25, F K3 35, F K3 50, F K3 75, FJ00.
The frost resistance of the contact zone F K3 is determined by the change in the strength of adhesion (adhesion) of hardened solutions to the base after the number of cycles of alternating freezing and thawing established for a given brand according to the regime given in GOST 10060.0.
4.16 The waterproof grade of mortars (concrete) for waterproofing mixtures (except for penetrating waterproofing mixtures) must be no lower than W6. For waterproofing penetrating mixtures intended for treating concrete, the waterproof grade of concrete treated with penetrating mixtures must be at least two levels higher than that of untreated concrete.
4.17 Abrasion is accepted according to GOST 13015 or regulatory and technical documents for mixtures of specific types, depending on their area of application.
4.18 Requirements for additional quality indicators given in 4.2.4 are established in regulatory or technical documents for mixtures of specific types.
4.19 Requirements for materials for preparing mixtures
4.19.1 Materials used for preparing mixtures must comply with the requirements of regulatory or technical documents for these materials, as well as the requirements of this standard.
4.19.2 The following are used as binding materials:
Portland cement and Portland slag cement according to GOST 10178;
General construction cements according to GOST 31108;
Aluminous cement according to GOST 969;
White cement according to GOST 965;
Mixed (complex) binders according to regulatory or technical documents for specific types of binders.
4.19.4 The following are used as fillers:
Crushed stone or gravel according to GOST 26633, GOST 8267;
Sand for construction work according to GOST 8736;
Porous sands according to GOST 25820;
Decorative aggregates and fillers ( marble chips, mica, etc.) according to GOST 22856 or regulatory and technical documents for aggregates and fillers of specific types.
Pigments (titanium dioxide, red iron, ocher, etc.) must be stable in an alkaline environment and meet the requirements of regulatory and technical documents for specific types of pigments.
4.19.6 The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides L eff in materials used for the preparation of dry mixtures should not exceed the limit values established in GOST 30108, depending on the area of application of the mixtures.
4.19.7 Chemical additives in terms of effectiveness must meet the effectiveness criteria in accordance with GOST 24211.
Additives are added to dry mixtures in the form of water-soluble powder and/or granules.
4.20 Packaging and labeling
4.20.1 Dry mixtures are packaged in bags made of polyethylene film, multilayer paper bags made of kraft paper or with a polyethylene liner, as well as in bags with a capacity of more than 1 t (big bags). The weight of the dry mixture in bags should not exceed 8 kg, in bags - 50 kg.
The packaging must be protected from moisture access to mixtures from the ambient air.
4.20.2 Markings should be applied to each packaging unit. Markings must be clear and indelible.
4.20.3 The marking on each packaging unit must contain the following information:
Name and/or trademark and address of the manufacturer;
Date of manufacture (month, year);
Symbol of dry mixture according to 4.3;
Mass of the mixture in a packaging unit, kg;
Shelf life, months;
Brief instructions for using the dry mixture indicating the volume of mixing water required to obtain mortar (concrete) mixtures with the desired properties, l/kg.
If necessary, the marking may contain additional data to ensure complete identification of the dry mixture.
5 Safety and environmental requirements
5.1 Dry mixtures are non-flammable, fire and explosion-proof materials.
5.2 The sanitary and radiation-hygienic safety of mixtures is established on the basis of the sanitary and epidemiological conclusion of the authorized state sanitary inspection bodies and is assessed based on the safety of dry mixtures or their components.
The safety of the mineral components of dry mixes (cement, aggregates, fillers, pigments) is assessed by the content of radioactive substances, the safety of chemical additives in the composition of dry mixes is assessed by the sanitary and hygienic characteristics of the additives.
5.3 Mixtures should not release harmful chemicals into the external environment in quantities exceeding maximum permissible concentrations (MPCs) approved by health authorities.
5.4 It is prohibited to discharge dry mixtures, as well as waste from washing equipment into water bodies for sanitary use and sewerage.
6 Acceptance rules
6.1 Dry mixtures must be accepted by the technical control of the manufacturer. The mixtures are dispensed and taken by weight.
6.2 Dry mixtures are taken in batches. A batch of dry mixture is taken to be the amount of a mixture of the same type and composition, prepared from the same materials using the same technology.
The volume of a batch of dry mixture is established by agreement with the consumer, but not less than one shift and no more than one daily output of the mixer.
6.3 The quality of dry mixtures is confirmed by acceptance control, including acceptance and periodic tests.
For testing, at least five packaging units are selected at random from each batch of dry mixture.
6.4 During acceptance tests of each batch of dry mixture, the moisture content, the largest grain size of the aggregate, the content of the largest grains of dry mixtures, the mobility of mixtures ready for use, and the compressive strength of hardened mortars (concrete) are determined.
A batch of dry mixture is accepted if the results of acceptance tests in all respects comply with the requirements of this standard, as well as the requirements of a regulatory or technical document for a specific type of mixture.
A batch of dry mixture is rejected if the mixture does not meet the requirements of this standard, regulatory or technical document for a specific type of mixture in at least one indicator.
6.5 During periodic tests, determine:
Tensile strength in bending, adhesion strength to the base and water absorption of the hardened mortar (concrete) - within the time period agreed with the consumer, but at least once a month;
Quality indicators of ready-to-use mixtures (except for mobility), hardened mortars (concrete) (except for compressive strength, adhesion strength to the base, water absorption), shrinkage (expansion) deformation, shock resistance, thermal conductivity of heat-insulating mixtures - within the time limits agreed with by the consumer, but at least once every six months, as well as when the quality of the starting materials, the composition of the mixtures and the technology for their production changes;
The bulk density of the dry mixture is once a quarter.
The results of periodic tests apply to all supplied batches of dry mixtures until the next periodic tests are carried out.
6.6 Modulus of elasticity, thermal conductivity (except for heat-insulating mixtures), vapor permeability, corrosion resistance to various types of corrosion are determined when organizing the production of mixtures of specific types, as well as when changing the quality of the starting materials, the composition of the mixtures and the technology for their preparation.
6.7 Radiation and sanitary-hygienic assessment of dry mixtures is confirmed by the presence of a sanitary-epidemiological conclusion from the authorized state sanitary inspection bodies, which must be renewed upon expiration of its validity period or if the quality of the starting materials and composition of the dry mixtures changes.
6.8 Radiation-hygienic assessment of dry mixtures may be carried out on the basis of passport data of suppliers of starting mineral materials.
In the absence of supplier data on the content of natural radionuclides in the starting materials, the manufacturer of dry mixtures at least once a year, and also with each change of supplier, determines the content of natural radionuclides in the materials and/or mixture.
6.9 The consumer has the right to carry out quality control checks of mixtures in accordance with the requirements and methods established in this standard.
6.10 Each batch of supplied dry mixture must be accompanied by a quality document indicating:
Name of the manufacturer;
Name and symbol of the dry mixture;
Batch number;
Number and date of issue of the quality document;
Batch volume, kg (t);
Values of the main indicators of the quality of mixtures that determine the scope of their application;
Specific effective activity of natural radionuclides L E f f;
Designation of a regulatory or technical document for a specific type of dry mixture.
During export-import operations, the content of the quality document is specified in the contract for the supply of dry mixture.
7 Test methods
7.1 Samples of mixtures for testing are taken in accordance with GOST 31356.
7.2 Humidity, the largest grain size of the filler, the content of the largest grains are determined according to GOST 8735 on a sample weighing at least 50 g.
Bulk density is determined according to GOST 8735.
7.3 The mobility of mortar and dispersed mixtures along the immersion of the cone P k is determined according to GOST 5802, the spread of the cone RK - according to GOST 310.4, the spread of the ring P k - according to GOST 31356. The water-holding capacity of mortar and dispersed mixtures is determined according to GOST 5802.
The persistence of the initial mobility of solution and dispersed mixtures is determined by the change in P k, RK, P k.
7.4 Mobility, the volume of entrained air and the persistence of the initial mobility of concrete mixtures are determined according to GOST 10181.
7.5 Compressive and tensile strength in bending is determined on control samples in accordance with GOST 310.4 or GOST 10180; on samples taken from structures - according to GOST 28570, or by non-destructive testing methods - according to GOST 22690 or GOST 17624.
7.6 Water absorption when completely immersed in water for samples of hardened mortar and dispersed mixtures is determined according to GOST 5802, for samples of concrete mixtures - according to GOST 12730.3.
Water absorption during capillary suction of hardened solutions (concrete) is determined according to GOST 31356.
7.7 Frost resistance of hardened concrete is determined according to GOST 10060.0 - 10060.3.
The frost resistance of hardened solutions and the frost resistance of the contact zone are determined by
7.8 The adhesion strength of hardened mortars (concrete) to a concrete base is determined according to GOST 31356.
7.9 The water resistance of mortars (concrete) is determined according to GOST 12730.5:
On cylinder samples with a diameter of 150 mm and a height of 30 mm for all mixtures, except penetrating waterproofing;
On cylinder samples made of concrete treated with a waterproofing penetrating mixture - for waterproofing penetrating mixtures.
7.10 Abrasion of hardened mortars (concrete) is determined according to GOST 31358.
7.11 Shrinkage (expansion) deformations of hardened mortars (concrete) are determined according to GOST 24544, elastic modulus - according to GOST 24452.
7.12 Impact resistance is determined according to GOST 30353.
7.13 Thermal conductivity is determined according to GOST 7076.
7.14 Vapor permeability is determined according to GOST 28575 or GOST 25898.
7.15 Corrosion resistance to various types of corrosion is determined according to GOST 27677 and regulatory or technical documents for mixtures of specific types.
7.16 The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides Leff in the starting materials for the production of dry mixtures or directly in dry mixtures is determined according to GOST 30108.
7.17 Materials for the preparation of dry mixtures are tested in accordance with the requirements of regulatory or technical documents for these materials.
Test methods for materials used for the preparation of dry mixtures must be specified in the technological documentation for the preparation of dry mixtures.
8 Transportation and storage
8.1 Transportation
8.1.1 Packaged dry mixtures are transported in transport packages by road, rail and other modes of transport in accordance with the rules for the transportation and securing of goods in force for a particular type of transport and the manufacturer’s instructions.
It is allowed to transport mixtures in silos with a capacity of 3-18 tons, provided that the requirements of 8.1.2 are met.
8.1.2 The methods used for transporting mixtures must exclude the possibility of precipitation getting into them, and also ensure the safety of the packaging from mechanical damage and loss of integrity.
8.2 Storage
8.2.1 Dry mixtures should be stored in packaged form, avoiding moisture and ensuring the safety of the packaging, in covered dry warehouses with a relative humidity of no more than 60%.
8.2.2 Guaranteed shelf life of packaged mixtures when stored in accordance with
8.2.1 - date of manufacture.
The shelf life of mixtures transported in silos is 3 days of production.
Upon expiration of the storage period, the mixture must be checked for compliance with the requirements of this standard and/or regulatory or technical documents for mixtures of specific types. If the requirements of this standard and/or regulatory or technical document for a specific type of mixture are met, the mixture may be used for its intended purpose.
UDC 691.32.006.354 MKS 91.100.15 Zh13 OKP 57 4500
Key words: dry building mixtures, construction, reconstruction and repair of buildings and structures, technical requirements, acceptance rules, test methods
Editor V.N. Kopysov Technical editor V.N. Prusakova Corrector M.V. Buchnaya Computer layout I.A. Naleykina
Delivered for recruitment on 04/18/2008. Signed for publication on May 22, 2008. Format 60x84%. Offset paper. Arial typeface. Offset printing. Uel. oven l. 1.40. Academic ed. l. 1.10. Circulation 313 copies. For room 544.
FSUE "STANDARTINFORM", 123995 Moscow, Granatny lane, 4.
Typed into FSUE "STANDARTINFORM" on a PC
Printed in the branch of FSUE "STANDARTINFORM" - type. "Moscow Printer", 105062 Moscow, Lyalin lane, 6.
FEDERAL AGENCY
ON TECHNICAL REGULATION AND METROLOGY
GOSTR 56387-2015
DRY CONSTRUCTION ADHESIVE MIXTURES WITH CEMENT BINDER Technical specifications
Adhesives for tiles - Requirements, evaluation of conformity, classification and designation (NEQ)
Adhesives for tiles - Determination of slip
Adhesives for tiles - Determination of open time (NEQ)
Adhesives for tiles - Determination of wetting capability (NEQ) EN 1348:2007
Adhesives for tiles - Determination of tensile adhesion strength for cementitious adhesives (NEQ)
Adhesives for tiles - Determination of transverse deformation for cementitious adhesives and routs (NEQ)
Official publication
Moscow Standardinform 2015
Preface
1 DEVELOPED by the Non-Profit Partnership “Union of Producers of Dry Construction Mixtures” (NP “SPSSS”) with the participation of the Federal State Budgetary educational institution higher professional education "Moscow State University of Civil Engineering" (MGSU), federal state budgetary educational institution of higher professional education "St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering" (SPbGASU)
2 INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TK465 “Construction”
3 APPROVED AND ENTERED INTO EFFECT by Order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated April 9, 2015 No. 247-st
4 This standard takes into account the main regulations of the following European regional standards:
EN 12004:2007 “Adhesives for ceramic tiles. Requirements, evaluation of conformity, classification and designation" (EN 12004:2007 "Adhesives for tiles - Requirements, evaluation of conformity, classification and designation", NEQ);
EH 1308:2007 “Adhesives for tiles. Determination of slip resistance" (EN 1308:2007 "Adhesives for tiles - Determination of slip", NEQ);
EH 1346:2007 “Adhesives for ceramic tiles. Determination of the optimal dwell time on the surface before gluing" (EN1346:2007 "Adhesives for tiles - Determination ofopen time", NEQ):
EH 1347:2007 “Adhesives for ceramic tiles. Determination of wetting capability" (EN 1347:2007 "Adhesives for tiles - Determination of wetting capability", NEQ);
EH 1348:2007 “Adhesives for tiles. Determination of tensile adhesion strength for cementitious adhesives." NEQ);
EH 12002:2008 “Adhesives for ceramic tiles. Determination of transverse deformation for cementitious adhesives and grouts” (EN 12002:2008 “Adhesives for tiles - Determination of transverse deformation for cementitious adhesives and grouts”, NEQ)
5 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME
The rules for applying this standard are established in GOST R 1.0-2012 (section 8). Information about changes to this standard is published in the annual (as of January 1 of the current year) information index “National Standards”, and the official text of changes and amendments is published in the monthly information index “National Standards”. In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard, the corresponding notice will be published in the next issue of the monthly information index “National Standards”. Relevant information, notices and texts are also posted in information system for general use - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet (www.gost.ru)
© Standardinform, 2015
This standard cannot be fully or partially reproduced, replicated or distributed as an official publication without permission from the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology
1 area of use
3 Terms and definitions
4 Technical requirements
6 Acceptance rules
7 Test methods
Annex A (mandatory) Method for determining resistance to slippage
Appendix B (mandatory) Method for determining wetting ability
Appendix B (mandatory) Method for determining the strength of adhesive joints (adhesion)
and open time
Appendix D (mandatory) Method for determining transverse strain
Introduction
The object of standardization of this standard is dry construction adhesive mixtures based on a cement binder.
Adhesive mixtures are widely represented on construction market dry mixes of the Russian Federation, each participant of which offers a range of adhesives from three to eight items. This standard was developed taking into account the requirements of European regional standards for adhesive mixtures and is unified with them in terms of classification, acceptance rules and test methods.
This standard was developed for the purpose of normatively providing manufacturers of dry mixes in the Russian Federation with technical requirements and testing methods for their products, allowing them to obtain results similar to those in EU countries for a comparative assessment of the construction and technical properties of adhesives in scientific, technical and economic cooperation.
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
DRY CONSTRUCTION ADHESIVE MIXTURES WITH CEMENT BINDER
Specifications
Dry-mix cement based adhesives for tiles. Specifications
Date of introduction - 2015-11-01
1 area of use
This standard applies to dry construction adhesive mixtures (hereinafter referred to as adhesive mixtures) made with cement binders or mixed (complex) mineral binders based on Portland cement clinker and/or high-aluminate cement, containing polymer additives and used for cladding walls and floors with slabs or tiles inside and outside buildings.
This standard establishes technical requirements for mixtures, acceptance rules, methods for determining characteristics, requirements for transportation and storage of mixtures.
2 Normative references
This standard uses normative references to the following standards:
GOST4.233-86 System of product quality indicators. Construction. Construction solutions. Nomenclature of indicators
GOST 8.579-2002 State system ensuring uniformity of measurements. Requirements for the quantity of packaged goods in packages of any type during their production, packaging, sale and import
GOST 166-89 (ISO 3599-76) Calipers. Specifications
GOST 310.4-81 Cements. Methods for determining tensile strength in bending and compression
GOST427-75 Metal measuring rulers. Specifications
GOST 5802-86 Construction mortars. Test methods
GOST 8735-88 Sand for construction work. Test methods
GOST 14192-96 Marking of cargo
GOST 30108-94 Construction materials and products. Determination of specific effective activity of natural radionuclides
GOST 31189-2015 Dry mixtures for construction. Classification
GOST 31356-2007 Dry building mixtures based on cement binder. Test methods GOST 31357-2007 Dry building mixtures with cement binder. General technical conditions
Note - When using this standard, it is advisable to check the validity of the reference standards in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet or using the annual information index “National Standards”, which was published as of January 1 of the current year, and on issues of the monthly information index “National Standards” for the current year. If a reference standard to which an undated reference is given is replaced, it is recommended to use the current version
The official publication of this standard, taking into account all the changes made to this version. If a reference standard to which a dated reference is given is replaced, it is recommended to use the version of that standard with the year of approval (adoption) indicated above. If, after the approval of this standard, a change is made to the referenced standard to which a dated reference is made that affects the provision referred to, it is recommended that that provision be applied without regard to that change. If the reference standard is canceled without replacement, then the provision. in which a reference to it is given, it is recommended to apply it in the part not affecting this reference.
3 Terms and definitions
This standard uses terms according to GOST 31189, GOST 31357, as well as the following terms with corresponding definitions:
3.1 notched trowel: A toothed tool that allows you to create a layer of mortar mixture on the base in the form of grooves of the same thickness.
3.2 holding time after preparation: The period of time after mixing the mortar mixture necessary to achieve readiness for installation.
3.3 open time: The maximum period of time after applying a layer of mortar mixture of a given adhesion strength to the base on the base, during which it is allowed to lay facing tiles on the applied mortar mixture.
3.4 wetting ability: The ability of a layer of mortar mixture treated with a notched trowel to wet the facing tile.
3.5 sliding: The movement under the influence of gravity of tiles or slabs laid on a layer of mortar treated with a notched trowel applied to a vertical or inclined surface.
3.6 pot life: The maximum period of time during which a freshly prepared mortar mixture (after additional mixing without adding water) retains its technological properties.
3.7 strength of adhesive connection (adhesion): Breaking stress at which the facing tile is separated from the base.
4 Technical requirements
4.2.1 The main indicators of the quality of adhesive mixtures in a dry state are:
4.1 Adhesive mixtures must comply with the requirements of this standard and be manufactured according to technological documentation approved by the manufacturer.
4.2 The properties of adhesive mixtures are characterized by the quality indicators of mixtures in a dry state, freshly prepared mixtures ready for use (hereinafter referred to as mortar mixtures), and hardened solutions.
Humidity;
Largest aggregate grain size;
4.2.2 The main indicators of the quality of mortar mixtures are:
Water holding capacity;
Resistance to creep;
Medium density.
4.2.3 The main indicators of the quality of hardened solutions are:
Strength of the adhesive connection (adhesion) after exposure to an air-dry environment;
Strength of the adhesive bond (adhesion) after exposure to aquatic environment;
Strength of the adhesive connection (adhesion) after exposure to high temperatures;
Strength of the adhesive connection (adhesion) after cyclic freezing and thawing;
Open time.
4.2.4 For adhesive mixtures, additional declared quality indicators can be established: wetting ability, transverse deformation, increased open time and others in accordance with GOST 4.233 or the terms of the contract.
4.2 Adhesive mixtures are divided into the following classes:
CO - used for laying tiles with normal water absorption (at least 5% by weight) only for interior work;
C1 - used for interior and exterior work and meeting the minimum regulated requirements;
C2 - used for interior and exterior work and meeting increased requirements;
F - quick-hardening adhesive mixtures;
T - mixtures with increased resistance to creep;
E - mixtures with increased open time;
S1 - elastic adhesive mixtures;
S2 - highly elastic adhesive mixtures.
4.3 The symbol of adhesive mixtures must consist of the name of the mixture in accordance with GOST 31189, the class designation in accordance with 4.2, the values of the main quality indicators (if necessary) and the designation of this standard.
An example of a symbol for an adhesive mixture based on a cement binder, intended for interior and exterior work, meeting increased requirements, with increased resistance to slipping, increased open time and highly elastic:
Dry construction adhesive mixture C2 TE S2, GOST R 56387-2015
It is allowed to include additional information in the symbol of the adhesive mixture to ensure complete identification of the adhesive mixture.
4.4 Requirements for adhesive mixtures in a dry state
4.4.1 The moisture content of adhesive mixtures should not exceed 0.30% by weight.
4.4.2 The largest grain size of the adhesive mixture should not exceed 0.63 mm.
4.4.3 The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides of adhesive mixtures should not exceed the limit values established by GOST 30108.
4.5 Requirements for adhesive mortar mixtures
4.5.1 The water-holding capacity of adhesive mortar mixtures, ready for use, must be at least 98%.
4.5.2 The creep resistance of adhesive mixtures is characterized by the value of displacement under the influence of gravity of facing tiles laid on a vertical or inclined surface.
For adhesive mixtures of class T, the displacement value should be no more than 0.5 mm, for mixtures of other classes - no more than 0.7 mm.
4.6 Requirements for hardened solutions of adhesive mixtures
4.6.1 The strength of the adhesive joint, depending on the conditions of use of the adhesive mixtures, must correspond to that given in Table 1,
4.5.3 The wetting ability of adhesive mixtures is characterized by the time during which the mortar mixture wets the facing tile. The wetting ability of adhesive mixtures must be at least 20 minutes, for class F adhesive mixtures - at least 10 minutes, for class E adhesive mixtures - at least 30 minutes.
4.5.4 The average density of adhesive mortar mixtures is established by the manufacturer at the request of the consumer.
Table 1 - Requirements for adhesive mixtures of various classes
4.6.2 The strength of the adhesive connection to the base of fast-hardening class F adhesives after exposure in an air-dry environment for 6 hours must be at least 0.5 MPa.
The strength of the adhesive connection to the base of adhesives of classes T, E, S1 and S2 must be no less than those given in Table 1 for mixtures of classes C1 and C2.
4.6.3 The open time to achieve the strength of the adhesive joint after exposure to an air-dry environment is at least 0.5 MPa when gluing tiles should be for adhesives of the following class:
CO and F - when gluing tiles after 10 minutes;
C1 and C2 - when gluing tiles after 20 minutes;
E - when gluing tiles after 30 minutes.
4.6.4 The transverse deformation of class S1 adhesives must be at least 2.5 mm, class S2 - at least 5 mm.
4.7 Requirements for materials used for the manufacture of dry adhesive mixtures
Materials used for the preparation of dry adhesive mixtures must comply with the requirements of GOST 31357 and regulatory or technical documents for these materials.
4.8.1 Adhesive mixtures are packaged in bags made of polyethylene film, multi-layer paper bags made of kraft paper or with a polyethylene liner (packaging unit). The weight of the dry mixture in bags should not exceed 8 kg, in bags - 50 kg. The permissible deviation of the mass of the dry mixture in one packaging unit is according to GOST 8.579.
4.8 Packaging and labeling
Adhesive mixtures can be packaged in big bags.
The packaging must provide protection for the dry adhesive mixture from moisture. Violation of the integrity of the packaging is not allowed.
4.8.2 Markings should be applied to each packaging unit. The marking must be clear, not allowing any other interpretation regarding the properties of the adhesive mixture. The marking is applied with indelible paint directly to the packaging unit or to a label glued to the packaging.
4.8.3 Each packaging unit must be marked manipulation sign“Keep away from moisture” according to GOST 14192.
4.8.4 Marking must contain:
Name and/or trademark and address of the manufacturer;
Date of manufacture (month, year);
Mass of the mixture in a packaging unit, kg;
Shelf life, months;
Brief instructions for using the adhesive mixture indicating the volume of water required to obtain the mortar mixture of the required mobility, 8 liters per kilogram.
If necessary, the marking may contain additional data to ensure complete identification of the adhesive mixture.
4.8.5 Transport marking - according to GOST 14192.
5 Safety and environmental requirements
5.1 Adhesive mixtures are non-flammable, fire and explosion-proof materials.
5.2 The sanitary and radiation-hygienic safety of adhesive mixtures is established on the basis of the sanitary and epidemiological conclusion of the authorized state sanitary inspection bodies and is assessed based on the safety of the mixtures or their components.
The safety of the mineral components of mixtures (cement binder, fillers, pigments) is assessed by the content of radioactive substances, the safety of chemical additives in the mixtures is assessed by the sanitary and hygienic characteristics of the additives.
5.3 Adhesive mixtures should not release harmful chemicals into the external environment in quantities exceeding maximum permissible concentrations (MPCs) approved by sanitary authorities.
5.4 It is prohibited to discharge adhesive mixtures, as well as waste from washing equipment, into water bodies for sanitary use and sewerage.
6 Acceptance rules
6.1 Adhesive mixtures must be accepted by the technical control of the manufacturer. The mixtures are dispensed and taken by weight.
6.2 Adhesive mixtures are taken in batches. A batch of a mixture is taken to be a quantity of a mixture of the same class and composition, made from the same materials, using the same technology.
The volume of a batch of adhesive mixture is set to no less than one replacement and no more than one daily output of the mixer.
6.3 The quality of adhesive mixtures is confirmed by acceptance control, which includes acceptance and periodic tests.
For testing, at least five packaging units are selected at random from each batch of the mixture.
6.4 During acceptance tests of each batch of the adhesive mixture, the following is determined:
For dry mixtures - humidity and grain composition;
For mortar mixtures - water-holding capacity, resistance to slipping and wetting ability.
A batch of the mixture is accepted if the results of acceptance tests for all indicators comply with the requirements of this standard.
If the results of acceptance tests are unsatisfactory for at least one indicator, repeat tests are carried out on a double amount of the mixture taken from the same batch. The results of repeated tests are final and apply to the entire batch.
6.5 During periodic tests, determine:
The strength of the adhesive joint after exposure to an air-dry environment for 28 days and the average density is at least once a month;
The strength of the adhesive joint after exposure to an aqueous environment is within the time period agreed with the consumer, but at least once a month;
The strength of the adhesive joint after exposure to high temperatures, the strength of the adhesive joint after cyclic freezing and thawing, open time, transverse deformation - once every three months.
Periodic tests are also carried out when the quality or type of starting materials, composition of mixtures and/or their manufacturing technology changes.
The results of periodic tests apply to all supplied batches of adhesive mixtures until the next periodic tests are carried out.
6.6 The sanitary and radiation-hygienic assessment of adhesive mixtures is confirmed by the presence of a sanitary-epidemiological conclusion from the authorized state sanitary inspection bodies, which must be renewed upon expiration of its validity period or when the quality of the starting materials and composition of the mixtures changes.
6.7 Radiation-hygienic assessment of adhesive mixtures may be carried out on the basis of passport data of the supplier of the starting mineral materials.
In the absence of supplier data on the content of natural radionuclides in the source materials, the manufacturer of adhesive mixtures at least once a year, and also with each change of supplier, determines the content of natural radionuclides in the materials and/or in the mixture.
6.8 The consumer has the right to carry out quality control checks of adhesive mixtures in accordance with the requirements and methods established by Article 8 of this standard.
6.9 Each batch of the adhesive mixture must be accompanied by a quality document indicating:
Name of the manufacturer;
Symbol of the adhesive mixture according to 4.3;
Batch number;
Number and date of issue of the quality document;
Batch volume in kilograms (tons);
Values of main quality indicators;
Specific effective activity of natural radionuclides D^f;
Designation of this standard.
During export-import operations, the contents of the quality document are specified in the contract for the supply of the mixture.
7 Test methods
7.1 Selection of spot samples of adhesive mixtures for testing, preparation of combined and laboratory samples is carried out in accordance with GOST 31356.
7.2 Humidity, the largest grain size of the filler and the content of the largest grains in adhesive mixtures are determined according to GOST 8735.
The average density is determined according to GOST 5802.
7.3 The water-holding capacity of mortar mixtures is determined according to GOST 31356.
7.4 Resistance to slipping is determined according to the method given in Appendix A.
7.5 Wetting ability is determined according to the method given in Appendix B.
7.6 The strength of the adhesive joint (adhesion) after exposure to an air-dry environment, in an aqueous environment, after exposure to high temperatures, cyclic freezing and thawing, and open time are determined according to the method given in Appendix B.
7.7 Transverse deformation is determined according to the method given in Appendix D.
7.8 The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides is determined by
GOST 30108 or accepted according to the document on the quality of the supplier of materials used for the manufacture of adhesive mixtures.
8 Transportation and storage
8.1.1 Packaged adhesive mixtures are transported in transport packages by road, rail and other modes of transport in accordance with the transportation rules in force for a particular type of transport and the manufacturer’s instructions.
8.1 Transportation
Transportation of adhesive mixtures in bulk is not permitted.
8.1.2 The means of transportation of adhesive mixtures used must exclude the possibility of precipitation getting into them, and also ensure protection of the packaging from mechanical damage and loss of integrity.
8.2.1 Adhesive mixtures should be stored in packaged form, avoiding moisture and ensuring the safety of the packaging, in covered, dry warehouses.
8.2.2 Guaranteed shelf life of packaged adhesive mixtures when stored in accordance with
8.2 Storage
8.2.1 - 12th date of manufacture.
At the end of the storage period, the mixture must be checked for compliance with the requirements of this standard. If the requirements of this standard are met, the adhesive mixture can be used for its intended purpose.
Appendix A (mandatory)
Method for determining slip resistance
A.1 Test means
Concrete slab according to GOST 31356.
Unglazed ceramic tiles, produced by dry pressing, with water absorption less than 0.5% by weight, with a flat surface for gluing, face dimensions [(100 ± 1) x (100 ± 1)] mm. weighing (200 ± 1) g.
Protective tape 25 mm wide.
Stops from of stainless steel dimensions [(25 ± 0.5) x (25 1 0.5) x (10 i 0.5)] mm.
A load weighing 5 kg with dimensions cross section[(100 ± 1) x (100 ± 1)] mm.
Vernier calipers according to GOST 166.
Metal ruler according to GOST 427.
A.2 Preparation for testing
All tested materials are kept for at least 24 hours under normal conditions. Temperature (20 ± 2) C and relative air humidity (60 ± 10)% are taken as normal conditions (normal climate). air circulation speed in the test area is less than 0.2 m/s.
A.3 Carrying out the test
Metal ruler 1 (Figure A.1) is fastened with clamps to the upper edge of the concrete slab 6 so that the lower edge, after installing it in a vertical position, runs horizontally.
1 - ruler; 2 -
concrete slab
Figure A.1 - Scheme for testing the adhesive mixture for slipping
Protective tape 2 25 mm wide is glued under the ruler. On concrete slab Using a trowel, apply mortar mixture 5 in two layers: the first layer is 1-2 mm thick, the second layer is 6-8 mm thick so that it covers the lower edge with tape protection. When applying the mortar mixture, the trowel is held at an angle of 60° to the surface of the slab and parallel to the ruler.
The mortar mixture is smoothed with a notched trowel perpendicular to the ruler, after which the protective tape is removed. Two stops 3 with a width of 25 mm are applied to ruler 1 as shown in Figure A.1. After two minutes, ceramic tile 4 is applied to the dome frame, as shown in Figure A. 1. and pressed with a load weighing 5 kg. Using a caliper, measure the distance between the ruler and the tile at three points with an accuracy of 10.1 mm.
After (30 ± 5) s, the load and stops are removed, and the concrete slab is carefully placed in a vertical position. After (20 ± 2) minutes, measure the distance between the ruler and the tile again with a caliper at the same points with an accuracy of 10.1 mm. The maximum sliding of the tile under the influence of its own mass is determined as the difference between the readings of the caliper.
Appendix B (mandatory)
Method for determining wetting ability
B.1 Test means
Glass plates dimensions [(5011) x (5011) x (61 0.5)] mm with ground edge.
Concrete slab according to GOST 31356.
Notched trowel with teeth dimensions 6 x 6 mm and distance between centers of teeth 12 mm.
A load weighing 2 kg with a cross-sectional area not exceeding [(50 ± 1) x (50 ± 1)] mm.
B.2 Preparation for testing
All materials used are maintained for at least 24 hours under normal conditions. Temperature (201 2) °C, relative air humidity (60110)%, air circulation speed in the test area less than 0.2 m/s are taken as normal conditions (normal climate).
The preparation of the mortar mixture is carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 31356.
B.3 Carrying out the test
On concrete slab 1 (Figure B.1) a mortar mixture is applied with a trowel in two layers: the first layer is 1-2 mm thick, the second is 6-8 mm thick.
1 - concrete slab (base); 2 - furrows of the mortar mixture formed with a notched trowel;
3 - glass plate
Figure B.1 - Scheme for testing the adhesive mixture for wetting ability
The layer of mortar mixture is smoothed perpendicular to the upper side edge of the concrete slab using a notched trowel, holding it at an angle of 60° to the surface of the slab.
Glass plates 3 are placed on the layer of mortar mixture 0, 10, 20 and 30 minutes after its application (see Figure B.1). Each plate is pressed by 30 with a load weighing 2 kg. Glass plates are placed on a layer of mortar mixture like this. so that its two opposite edges are parallel to the grooves of the mortar mixture 2.
After removing the load, the glass plates are carefully lifted and the surface area wetted with the mortar mixture is visually assessed as a percentage of the total area of the plate.
Three glass plates are used for one test.
B.4 Processing test results
For each time interval (0.10, 20 and 30 min), the arithmetic mean value of the surface area of three glass plates wetted with the solution mixture, expressed as a percentage, is recorded in the laboratory journal.
The ability to wet the mortar adhesive mixture is taken to be the time interval during which the surface of the glass plate is wetted by the mortar mixture by more than 50%.
Appendix B (mandatory)
Method for determining the strength of the adhesive bond (adhesion) and open time
B.1 Test means
Concrete slab according to GOST 31356.
Unglazed ceramic tiles made by dry pressing, with water absorption less than 0.5% by weight, with a flat surface for gluing and front side dimensions [(501 1) x (50 ± 1)] mm.
Notched trowel with teeth dimensions 6 x 6 mm and distance between centers of teeth 12 mm.
A load weighing 2 kg with cross-sectional dimensions of no more than 50 x 50 mm.
Testing machine for determining the adhesion strength of the adhesive mixture to the base. having sufficient power and sensitivity to carry out the test. The machine must, using a suitable connection that does not create a bending force, provide a tensile load to the dies at a rate of increase in load (250150) N/s.
Square metal dies measuring [(50 x 50) 11] mm and a minimum thickness of 10 mm, having a suitable connection to the testing machine.
Drying cabinet in which the temperature can be adjusted with an accuracy of 13 °C.
B.2 Preparation for testing
All materials used are maintained for at least 24 hours under normal conditions. Temperature (201 2) °C is taken as normal conditions (normal climate). relative air humidity (60-110)%, air circulation speed in the test area less than 0.2 m/s.
The preparation of the mortar mixture is carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 31356.
B.3 Sample production
The mortar mixture is applied to the concrete slab with a trowel in two layers: the first layer is 1-2 mm thick. the second is 6-8 mm thick and smoothed with a notched spatula. The notched trowel is held at an angle of 60° to the slab and perpendicular to the top edge of the slab.
After 5 minutes, five ceramic tiles are glued onto the mortar mixture at a distance of at least 50 mm from each other and each tile is pressed by 30 with a load weighing 2 kg.
When making samples to determine the open time, ceramic tiles are glued to the mortar mixture after 10 minutes for adhesive mixtures of class F, after 30 minutes for mixtures of class E and after 20 minutes for adhesive mixtures of all other classes.
B.4 Sample storage and testing
B.4.1 Strength of the adhesive joint after exposure to an air-dry environment
After 27 hours of storage under normal conditions, stamps are glued to the tiles 0 using a suitable high-strength adhesive (for example, epoxy) and after 24 hours the strength of the adhesive connection is determined by applying a load with constant speed increase (250 ± 50) N/s.
When testing quick-hardening adhesive mixtures, the strength of the adhesive joint is additionally checked 6 hours after gluing the tiles while storing the samples under normal conditions.
B.4.2 Strength of the adhesive joint after aging in an aqueous environment
Test samples are prepared in accordance with V.Z.
The samples are kept for 7 days at a temperature of (2012) °C. After 20 days, the samples are removed from the water, wiped dry with a towel, and stamps are glued to the tiles using a suitable high-strength adhesive (for example, epoxy). After 7 hours, the samples are again immersed in water at normal temperature.
The next day, the samples are removed from the water and the strength of the adhesive joint is determined by applying a load to the stamp at a constant rate of increase (2501 50) N/s.
Results are indicated in Newtons.
B.4.3 Strength of adhesive joint after exposure to high temperatures
Test samples are prepared in accordance with V.Z.
The samples are kept for 14 days under normal conditions, then stored in an oven at a temperature of (70 ± 3) °C for 14 days, after which the samples are removed from the oven and stamps are glued to the tiles using a suitable high-strength adhesive (for example, epoxy).
The samples are kept for another 24 hours under normal conditions, after which the strength of the adhesive joint is determined. applying a load to the die at a constant rate of increase (250 ± 50) N/s.
Results are indicated in Newtons.
B.4.4 Strength of the adhesive joint after cyclic freezing and thawing
Test specimens are prepared in accordance with 8.3.
Before gluing the tiles onto it reverse side Additionally, apply a layer of mortar mixture approximately 1 mm thick with a trowel.
The samples are kept for 7 days under normal conditions, then stored in water for 21 days, after which they are subjected to 25 cycles of freezing and thawing.
The freeze-thaw cycle is carried out as follows:
1) samples are removed from the water and placed in a refrigerator, where the temperature is maintained at minus (151 3) F C for 2 hours ± 20 minutes;
2) samples are kept in a chamber at a temperature of minus (151 3) °C for 2 hours ± 20 minutes;
3) samples are immersed in water at a temperature of plus (20±3)°C. The temperature of water with samples should not be lower than plus (15 ± 3) °C.
At the end of the last cycle, the samples are removed from the water, wiped dry and stamps are glued to the tiles. The samples are kept for another 24 hours under normal conditions, after which the strength of the adhesive joint is determined by applying a load to the stamp at a constant rate of increase (250 ± 50) N/s.
Results are indicated in Newtons.
B.5 Determination of the type of failure
When determining the strength of an adhesive joint, the following types of failure may occur:
Adhesive failure.
Fracture occurs at the interface between the surfaces of the adhesive mortar and the AF-S base (Figure B.1) or between the surfaces of the ceramic tile and the AF-T adhesive mortar (Figure B.2). In both cases, the test results are equal to the standardized strength of the adhesive joint.
Note - Adhesive failure may appear between the surfaces of the ceramic tile and the VT steel stamp (Figure B.3). The standardized strength of the adhesive joint is higher than the strength obtained during testing. The tests should be repeated;
Cohesive failure.
Destruction occurs inside the layer of adhesive mortar CF-A (Figure B.4), in the base CF-S (Figure B.5), inside the ceramic tile CF-T (Figure B.6).
Note - During cohesive failure, the strength of the adhesive solution is greater than the strength obtained during testing.
Figure B. 1 - Adhesive failure of AF-S
1 - stamp; 2 - ceramic tiles; 3 - adhesive solution; 4 - base (concrete slab)
Figure B.2 - Adhesive failure of AF-T
1 - stamp; 2- ceramic tiles; 3 - adhesive solution; 4 - base (concrete slab)
Figure V.Z - Adhesive destruction of VT
1 - stamp; 2 - ceramic tiles; 3 - adhesive solution; 4 - base (concrete slab)
Figure B.4 - Cohesive failure of CF-A
1 - stamp; 2 - ceramic tiles; 3 - adhesive solution: 4 - base (concrete slab)
Figure B.5 - Cohesive failure of CF-S
Appendix D (mandatory)
Method for determining transverse deformation
D.1 Test means
Hard, smooth, solid foundation for applying polyethylene film-backing. Polyethylene film backing with a minimum thickness of 0.15 mm.
Template A is a smooth, rigid rectangular frame made of non-moisture-absorbing material with internal dimensions [(280 x 45) 1 1] mm and thickness (5 ± 0.1) mm (see Figure D.1).
Template B is a smooth, rigid form made of non-moisture-absorbing material (see Figure D.2), allowing the production of samples with dimensions [(300 x 45) ± 1] x (3 ± 0.05) mm.
Shaking table according to GOST 310.4.
Hermetically sealed plastic box with an internal volume of (26 ± 5) l.
Vernier calipers according to GOST 166 with a permissible error limit of 0.01 mm.
Clamp (see figure G.Z).
Two cylindrical metal supports with a diameter of (10 ± 0.1) mm. distance between axes (200 ± 1) mm. minimum length 60 mm (see Figure D.4).
A testing machine that can apply pressure to the test piece at a speed of 2 mm/min.
FigureG.Z - Clamp
D.2 Preparation for testing
All materials used are kept for 24 hours under normal conditions. Temperature (20 ± 2) °C, relative air humidity (60 ± 10)%, air circulation speed in the test area less than 0.2 m/s are taken as normal conditions (normal climate).
The preparation of the mortar mixture is carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 31356. To prepare the mortar mixture, use at least 2 kg of dry adhesive mixture.
G.Z Sample production
The polyethylene backing film is firmly secured to a rigid base without folds or wrinkles on the surface of the backing film.
Template A is placed on the backing film.
Template A is filled in the transverse direction with the mortar mixture and leveled with a trowel so that the template cavity is completely filled.
The base and template A. filled with mortar mixture are fixed on a shaking table and the mortar mixture is compacted with 70 blows.
The base with the compacted sample is removed from the shaking table, a thin spatula is passed along the inner boundaries of template A to separate the mortar mixture from them, after which template A is carefully removed, lifting it vertically upward.
A thin layer of machine oil is applied to template 8, placed on top of a sample of the mortar mixture and loaded with a load with a cross section of approximately (290 x 45) mm. providing a clamping force of (100 ± 0.1) N to achieve the required sample thickness.
Excess mortar mixture on the sides of the template is removed with a spatula and after 1 hour the load is removed.
After 48 hours of storage under normal conditions, template B is carefully removed from the hardened sample.
For each test, six samples are prepared.
D.4 Sample storage
After removing template B, the samples on the substrate are placed horizontally in a plastic box. The box is hermetically sealed.
Samples are stored for 12 days at a temperature of (23 ± 2) °C. after which the samples are removed from the box and stored in air under normal conditions for 14 days.
D.5 Test performance
After storage is complete, the backing film is removed from the samples. Using a caliper, measure the thickness of the samples at sin points: in the middle and at a distance of (50 ± 1) mm from each end. If the three thickness values obtained are within the specified permissible limits(3.0 ± 0.1) mm. calculate the average value. Specimens whose thickness does not correspond to the established permissible thickness are not tested. If the number of remaining samples is less than three, new test samples are made.
The test diagram is shown in Figure D.4.
The test sample 2 is mounted on metal supports 1.
Using clamp 3, a load is applied to the sample at a speed of 2 mm/min until it is destroyed. The transverse deformation of the sample at the moment of failure is recorded in millimeters.
If the sample does not fail, indicate the maximum load and the corresponding transverse deformation.
The test is repeated with all samples.
Figure D.4 - Test scheme
D.6 Processing test results
The transverse deformation of the adhesive mixture is calculated as the arithmetic mean of the values obtained for all samples and rounded to 0.1 mm.
UDC 691.32:006.354 OKS 91.100.15 OKP 57 4550
Key words: slip resistance, wetting ability, transverse deformation, adhesive bond strength
Editor V.V. Eremeeva Technical editor V.N. Prusakova Corrector R.A. Mentova Computer layout A.N. Zolotareva
The set was delivered on November 5, 2015. Signed and stamped on November 25, 2015. Format 60 x 84^. Arial typeface. Conditional oven l. 2.32. Academician l. 1.90. Circulation 44 copies. Zach. 3833.
Published and printed in, 123995 Moscow, Granatny ler., 4.
For installation of thermal insulation boards and installation of a base reinforced plaster layer in facade insulation systems (SFTC). For thermal insulation boards made of mineral wool and expanded polystyrene. For interior and exterior use. For manual application. At low temperatures, use the plaster-adhesive mixture “TEPLOCLEY” WINTER.
- For insulation systems
- For gluing and reinforcement
- For mineral wool and expanded polystyrene
PREPARATION OF MORTAR MIXTURE
Prepare the material in a separate container using a power tool. Use the entire contents of the bag. Pour the dry mixture into a container with a pre-dosed amount of clean water and mix for 2-3 minutes at a nozzle rotation speed of 400-800 rpm until a homogeneous consistency without lumps is obtained. After 5 minutes, re-mix for 1 minute. Use the prepared mortar mixture within 1.5 hours. High level relative humidity, high or low temperatures ambient air can affect the lifetime of the mortar mixture.
Mineral natural or artificially produced materials of a certain granulometric composition serve as fillers for construction mortar mixtures (both ready-to-use and dry). Depending on the particle size, aggregates are divided into large and small.
Coarse-grained materials include coarse-grained materials with a grain size of more than 5 mm - crushed stone (a product obtained by crushing, the particles of which have an angular shape) or gravel (a material with a rounded particle shape). Fine aggregate - sand - has a maximum grain size of up to 5 mm. Based on density, fillers are classified as dense, with a grain density of more than 2 g/cm3, and as porous, with a lower density.
Based on their origin, aggregates are divided into 3 groups: natural; from industrial waste; artificial. The use of aggregates and fillers in concrete and mortar mixtures allows:
. improve their workability;
. increase water holding capacity;
. reduce the consumption of binders and the cost of mixtures.
In concrete and mortars, aggregates contribute to:
Formation of a rigid frame of artificial stone (increasing its strength, reducing deformation under load (creep), increasing the elastic modulus);
Reducing shrinkage deformations (compensating for internal deformations, eliminating cracking, increasing durability);
In the case of using porous fillers - reducing density, improving thermal insulation properties, reducing the weight of structures and reducing construction costs.
The most common and most frequently used in construction mortar mixtures, including dry ones, are quartz sands. Also suitable are feldspathic, limestone, dolomite, granite, diorite and other sands that meet the requirements of GOST 8736 “Sand for construction work. Technical conditions” and GOST “Sand for construction work. Test methods”.
Materials intended for use in other (non-construction) industries can be used as fillers - molding sands, quartz, feldspathic and quartz-feldspathic sands for the glass industry, for fine and building ceramics, etc., provided that the properties of these materials meet the requirements, requirements for sand for construction work - GOST 8735 and GOST 8736, and for porous inorganic aggregates - the requirements of GOST 9758 - "Porous inorganic aggregates for construction work. Test methods."
The mineralogical and petrographic composition of aggregates can include from one to twenty or more minerals and is determined by the origin and conditions of rock formation.
Rocks for aggregates can be divided into 3 main groups by origin: igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic (altered). Igneous rocks make up about 95% of the Earth's crust and are primarily composed of silica-containing minerals. The main rock-forming minerals of these rocks are feldspars, quartz, feldspathoids, micas, pyroxenes, amphiboles and olivine. Sedimentary rocks make up only 5% of the earth's crust. However, they play a major role as sources of aggregate materials. The most commonly used rocks from this group are limestones and dolomites, the main rock-forming minerals of which are calcium and magnesium carbonate minerals - calcite (CaCO 3), magnesite (MgCO 3) and dolomite (CaCO 3 x MgCO 3). Sedimentary rocks can be hard and soft, dense and porous, heavy and light. When using these rocks as aggregates, caution should be exercised, since limestones are often contaminated with clays and may also contain siliceous inclusions, which are reactive towards alkaline impurities of Portland cement, which can lead to uneven volume changes during hardening. Clay impurities (especially bentonite type) swell in the presence of moisture, causing cracks to appear in mortars and concrete. Of the metamorphic rocks, marble is the most commonly used as aggregate. Marble, when crushed, forms cube-shaped grains with a rough surface and is an excellent material for aggregates.
The presence of evenly distributed clay particles in sand in an amount of 2-5% is acceptable and can even have an additional plasticizing and water-retaining effect, but if the clay is present in the form of lumps, then such inclusions can cause subsequent defects in mortars - the appearance of cracks and reduced frost resistance. Maximum content clay in lumps according to GOST 8736 in natural sand - up to 1% and in sand from crushing screenings - up to 2%. Particles with a size of less than 0.05 mm according to GOST 8735 are classified as dusty and clayey. With a significant content of such impurities in sand, the strength and durability of mortars and concrete may decrease. Particularly undesirable are clay films on sand grains, which disrupt the adhesion of cement stone to them.
The content of finely distributed harmful impurities of organic origin (humic substances) does not pose a danger if the color of the alkaline solution of the sand sample (according to GOST 8735 clause 6) does not exceed the color intensity of the reference solution. In sands for construction work, the content of sulfur, sulfides (marcasite - radiant pyrite, rhombic modification FeS2 and pyrrhotite - magnetic pyrite FenSn+1, where n = 9-11), sulfates (gypsum, anhydrite, etc.) in terms of SO is also limited 3 no more than 1%, pyrite (sulfur pyrite, cubic modification FeS 2) in terms of SO 3 - no more than 4%; mica no more than 2%, halide compounds (halite - NaCl, sylvite - KCl, etc.) in terms of chlorine ion - no more than 0.15% and coal - no more than 1%.
If the sand contains impurities of zeolites (aluminosilicates of calcium, potassium, sodium and other metals), graphite and oil shale, the durability of the solution must be checked. Zeolites (sodium-calcium aluminosilicates) as a result of cation exchange can increase the amount of alkaline cations in the pore fluid and cause efflorescence.
If amorphous varieties of silica are present in the filler, there is a danger of destruction of mortars and concrete due to alkaline corrosion of the filler. Alkaline impurities of cement, mainly in the form of alkali sulfates, enter into an exchange reaction in solution with the hydrolysis product of clinker phases - the mineral portlandite (Ca(OH) 2) with the formation of CaSO 4 x 2H 2 O, as a result of which the concentration of hydroxide ions in the solution increases, and sulfate ions, binding to the hydration products C3A and C4AF, are removed from the liquid phase in the form of poorly soluble ettringite-like phases (Aft-phases).
Minerals and rocks such as opal, chalcedony, flint, volcanic glasses, and siliceous shales (hornfels) take part in alkaline corrosion. If petrographic research indicates the presence of the above and similar minerals or rocks in the aggregate, it is necessary to determine the reactivity of the aggregate. The reactivity of the filler is tested in accordance with GOST 8269. The filler is considered potentially reactive if the amount of dissolved silica under experimental conditions exceeds 50 mmol/l (GOST 8736).
Fillers occupy up to 80%, and in some cases more, of the volume of construction mortar mixtures and make it possible to reduce the consumption of mineral binder and reduce shrinkage deformations of cement stone, which can reach 6-10 mm/m. Aggregates and fillers in the solution contribute to the relaxation (weakening) of mechanical stresses that arise in the cement stone due to its shrinkage. In this case, the deformations of hardening cement mixtures are reduced by approximately 10 times compared to the intrinsic deformations of the cement stone.
The formation of the properties of building mortar (concrete) mixtures and artificial stone-like materials (mortars and concretes) obtained during their hardening is influenced by the granulometric composition, the shape of the grains, the condition of the surface and the strength of the aggregate.
The grain (granulometric) composition of sands is determined by sifting a sample of aggregate through a set of standard sieves with hole sizes from 0.16 to 5 mm. A standard set of sieves for sand includes sieves with round holes with a diameter of 10.5 and 2.5 mm and sieves with square meshes 0.16; 0.315; 0.63 and 1.25 mm (according to GOST 6613). The presence of particles larger than 10 mm in sand is not allowed, and the content of grains 5-10 mm should be no more than 5% (by weight).
The grain composition can be continuous or intermittent. The grain composition is called continuous if, when sequentially sifting a sample of aggregate through a standard set of sieves, residues are obtained on all sieves. If any intermediate fractions are absent, then such a grain composition is discontinuous.
There are different opinions regarding the optimal grain composition of aggregate. Most researchers consider a continuous grain composition of aggregates to be more effective. Mixtures with discontinuous grain composition are prone to separation.
Various “ideal” particle size curves have been proposed to select a continuous grain composition of aggregate. Since it is impossible to obtain a mixture simultaneously with the minimum volume of intergranular voids and the smallest specific surface area of the grains (minimization can be performed by only one parameter), the ideal curve is selected from the condition that the volume of voids in the mixture and the total surface of the grains provide the required mobility of the mortar (concrete) mixture with minimal binder consumption.
The voidness of the aggregate is directly related to its grain composition. Theoretically, the volume of voids in the aggregate does not depend on the size of its grains. In reality, the most dense, as well as the least dense, packings are unlikely, and in practice there is some intermediate state determined by the degree of compaction. Theoretically, the most dense packing of balls is characterized by a voidness of 26.2%, and the least dense - 47.6%.
If the particles have an angular surface, then the probable voidness values increase. The voidness increases especially noticeably (up to 60%) if the filler contains elongated grains (needle-shaped, flakied). Aggregates with rounded grains are characterized by denser packing.
In mixtures containing grains of different sizes, smaller grains will be located in the voids between larger ones, and the voids of the aggregate will decrease. If the grains of the mixed fractions differ little in size, then the size of the smaller grains may be larger than the size of the voids between the large grains, and the larger grains will move apart, which will lead to an increase in voids. It has been theoretically shown that the closest packing of grains of two filler fractions is achieved if the particle size of one of them is approximately 6.5 times smaller size particles are different.
Sand sifted on sieves of two close numbers, i.e., consisting of grains of almost the same size, has a voidness of 40-47%. With an optimal content of large, medium and small grains in the sand, the voids content should not exceed 38%. When filling the voids between the grains, to ensure workability (mobility), a certain excess of cement paste is necessary, because if in mortars (concrete) the voids between the grains of sand are filled with cement paste, the mixtures turn out to be low-plasticity and rigid.
The cement paste should not only fill the intergranular voids, but also create cement shells around the grains, which push the filler particles apart and ensure increased mobility of the mortar (concrete) mixture, and during hardening, bind the grains together.
In the domestic literature, recommendations for justifying the choice of sands in relation to the composition of construction mortar mixtures are limited to instructions on the maximum permissible grain size: for example, in accordance with the requirements of GOST 28013 “Building mortars.
General technical conditions", the largest grain size of the filler should be, mm, no more than:
In masonry mortar compositions (except for rubble masonry) - 2.50;
In compositions for rubble masonry - 5.00;
In plaster mortars (except for the covering layer) - 2.50;
In plaster mortars for the covering layer - 1.25.
In adhesive compositions for facing tiles and in adhesives for installing cellular concrete blocks, the maximum grain size is 0.63 mm. In putties and grouts, even finer aggregates and fillers with a maximum particle size of 0.25-0.315 mm are used.
Content of sand grains larger than 2.50 mm for plaster solutions and more than 1.25 mm for finishing solutions is not allowed. Similar restrictions on the size of aggregate grains for plaster mortars are contained in the “Code of Rules” SP 82-101-98 of the Russian State Construction Committee “Preparation and use of construction mortars”. These restrictions in relation to some compositions of plaster solutions, in particular, decorative ones, require adjustment.
Often there is a need to use mortars (concrete) with a reduced volumetric mass (light and thermal insulation plasters, soundproofing (acoustic) plasters, sanitizing plaster mortars, masonry mortars with high heat-insulating properties, etc.).
Reducing the density of such building materials, along with other methods (air entrainment, gas and foam formation), can be achieved by using porous aggregates in mixtures. The main qualifying characteristic of porous aggregates is their bulk density.
Porous sands are divided into grades from 75 to 1400 according to their bulk density. The grade corresponds to the maximum value of the bulk density of the aggregate in a dry state, in kg/m 3 . Porous aggregates can be obtained:
From natural raw materials (pumice, volcanic scoria, volcanic tuffs, porous limestones, shell limestones, siliceous rocks);
From industrial waste (blast furnace slag, fuel slag, ash and ash and slag mixtures, wood and other industrial waste);
Artificially from natural raw materials and industrial waste (expanded clay, agloporite, slag pumice, shungizite, expanded perlite, vermiculite, etc.).
Artificial porous aggregates differ from aggregates derived from industrial waste, stability of composition and properties, and therefore fillers of this category are especially recommended for use in dry construction mixtures.
Expanded aggregates - perlite and vermiculite - have the lowest bulk density among mineral artificial fillers. Perlite is obtained by heat treatment raw materials, which are volcanic glassy hydrous rocks of acidic composition (with a high content of SiO 2). Expanded perlite sand (GOST 10832) is widely used in the production of lightweight concrete, lightweight heat and sound insulating materials, fire retardant plaster coatings, sanitizing plaster solutions, etc. An important feature of perlite sand is that when crushed, their bulk density does not increase, but decreases.
Ultra-light, highly efficient fillers include expanded polystyrene. Its density in compact form (slab) is 40-55 kg/m3. Expanded polystyrene has a very low thermal conductivity ~0.04 W/m x K. Polystyrene in the form of crushed crumbs with a particle size of up to 1 mm is introduced (in an amount of 5-7% by weight) into mixtures for heat-insulating plasters.
Pavel Zozulya, Ph.D.,
SPbGTI, Department of Construction and Special Binders
You can read more about the analysis of technologies and equipment for the production of dry construction mixtures in the report of the Academy of Market Studies Industrial Markets « Analysis of equipment for the production of dry building mixtures ».
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