Compressed air breathing apparatus. Compressed air breathing apparatus

When eliminating accidents at chemically hazardous facilities, extinguishing fires and carrying out emergency rescue operations, it is often necessary to operate in an unbreathable atmosphere. To protect the respiratory organs and vision of the rescuer in these conditions, two types of isolating apparatus are used: with a closed breathing circuit (oxygen insulating gas masks) and with an open circuit (breathing apparatus with compressed air). The latter are currently becoming increasingly widespread, as they have a number of advantages, although they are inferior in terms of protective action:

• simpler, cheaper and more reliable in operation;
• have less breathing resistance;
• provide more comfortable conditions breathing, since the air inhaled is dry and cold;
• excess pressure under the mask reduces the risk of air leakage from environment in case of possible leakage of the mask;
• safer to use and maintain, as they do not contain oxygen cylinder high pressure;
• there are no problems associated with the acquisition and storage of chemical absorbent stocks carbon dioxide, as well as recharging the devices after each use.

I hope that this article will help the consumer better understand the structure of compressed air devices and navigate when choosing them for work.

Breathe-helping machine on compressed air (hereinafter referred to as apparatus) is fundamentally structured as follows. Compressed air stored in high-pressure cylinders is supplied through a shut-off valve to the inlet of the gas pressure regulator (reducer), where the air pressure is reduced to a safe level. The reduced air enters the inlet of the so-called pulmonary valve, which supplies it to the mask during the inhalation phase and stops supplying during the exhalation phase. The exhaled air, through the exhalation valve located on the mask, is removed into the environment, which is why this breathing pattern is called open. The device has a suspension system, control and signaling devices, as well as some additional functions.

Cylinders largely determine the mass and dimensions of the device. Considering that these characteristics are one of the defining ones, the improvement of cylinders has progressed in several directions. This is an increase in working pressure, the use of materials with a higher specific strength; selection of the optimal combination of shape (cylinder, ball), capacity and quantity in terms of weight and dimensions. IN modern devices Mainly cylindrical ones have become widespread: steel and composite cylinders for operating pressures up to 29.4 MPa (300 kgf/cm2). Composite cylinders are manufactured according to modern technology winding a steel or aluminum liner (thin-walled vessel) with carbon or fiberglass. They have the least weight, but also the highest cost. Therefore, steel ones are also widely used. But the choice of materials, both steel and composite, should exclude the possibility of their fragmentation destruction. The use of the cylinder after special testing must be permitted by the State Technical Supervision Authority of the Russian Federation.

Valve the cylinder is usually of the stuffing box type (as opposed to a membrane type), which ensures its minimal dimensions. The connection of the valve to the cylinder must allow its repeated installation and dismantling. This is necessary for re-examination of the cylinder in accordance with the rules of the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia (PB 10-115-96). The outlet fitting of the valve must exclude the possibility of erroneous connection of fittings with threaded connection sizes for a lower operating pressure. The valve handwheel must be accessible to the user when the device is on and have protection against accidental closure during use. The latter is usually ensured by choosing the location of the valve on the device, less often by using a special locking mechanism that requires the user to make additional movement when closing the valve handwheel (for example, pull the handwheel along the axis). The cylinder with a valve should be easy to remove and install on the device.

Gearbox The device is usually connected to the cylinder valve directly or through an intermediate flexible high-pressure hose, which facilitates removal and installation of the cylinder. On the gearbox housing there are sockets for connecting the hoses of the lung demand valve and pressure gauge. The reducer must provide significant (at least 200 l/min) air flow rates, while maintaining the reduced pressure necessary for the operation of the lung demand valve. For safety reasons, the reducer must be equipped with a safety valve to limit excessive growth of output pressure. When the device is operating, there is a significant decrease in the temperature of the gas in the reducer; this is dangerous when using it in conditions low temperatures, as it leads to icing of individual elements of the gearbox mechanism and its failure. The design of the gearbox must ensure its operation at low (down to minus 40 0 ​​C) operating temperatures. This is achieved, for example, by minimizing the contact of the moving parts of the gearbox with ambient air and the use of frost-resistant sealing materials.

Pulmonary demand valve There are two types: with direct drive from the membrane to the working valve and with the so-called servo drive. In the second type, the membrane is not mechanically connected to the operating valve, but controls it pneumatically with the help of an auxiliary valve, using the energy of the gas supplied to the lung demand valve. The first type is the simplest and most reliable in operation. The second allows us to obtain minimal weight and dimensions, which is important, given the placement of the lung demand valve on the mask of the device. To more reliably exclude the possibility of suction of the surrounding gaseous medium into the submask space, the lung demand valves ensure the creation of a small (30-50 mm of water column) excess pressure. Thus, even when taking a deep breath, a vacuum is not created under the mask. To prevent spontaneous leakage of air when the mask is removed, the lung demand valve has a mechanism for turning off excess pressure, and the lung demand valve is turned on again when the user takes the first breath (somewhat difficult compared to normal).

To reserve the operation of the lung demand valve and purge the submask space if necessary, it must be possible to turn on an additional (jet) air supply. Installation of the lung demand valve on the mask is carried out using a quick-release connection (individual for each manufacturer). But the standard one can also be used threaded connection, and differs for pulmonary valves with excess and without excess pressure.

Mask should be full-face with panoramic glass, usually made of impact-resistant polycarbonate. Inside the mask there is a so-called suction cup that covers the user’s mouth and nose. Its main purpose is to minimize the volume of harmful space filled with the exhaled mixture (the smaller the volume of harmful space, the lower the carbon dioxide content in the inhaled air), as well as to exclude contact of the exhaled mixture with the glass of the mask to prevent it from fogging (freezing). For the same purpose, dry air entering the under-mask space during inhalation is directed to blow over the glass of the mask, and then through check valves enters the sub-mask and then goes on to breathe. However, if the seal of the mask is insufficient and intensive work at low temperatures, to prevent the glass from freezing, it is necessary to use special lubricants or use a mask with glass that has special coating. The headband should be adjustable and fit well with the safety helmet (a mesh type headband works best for this purpose). An intercom is installed on the mask in the form of a sealed membrane that separates the space under the mask from the environment.

Pressure gauge- remote, accuracy class not lower than 2.5 and must have permission from the State Standard of the Russian Federation for operation in Russia. Its scale should allow readings in poor lighting, the body should be protected from shock and should withstand immersion in water. The entrance to the flexible hose is protected by a nozzle (a calibrated hole of small diameter) to limit the flow of high pressure air if the hose is damaged.

Alarm the exhaustion of the working air supply must be audible. It can be located next to the pressure gauge or in the cavity of the lung demand valve.

Hanging system includes a back, waist and shoulder straps that, like the buckles, are fire-resistant. The best option- a backrest made of carbon fiber and profiled according to the human body. The suspension system allows the user to quickly, without assistance, put on the device and adjust its fastening. All devices for adjusting the position (buckles, carabiners, fasteners, etc.) are made so that the belts are firmly fixed after adjustment.

Rescue device It is recommended to include it in the device. It is usually a gas helmet-mask with a lung demand valve without excess pressure, the hose of which is connected to a special hose on the device using a quick-release connection such as a ball lock. The device is designed to remove the victim from the contaminated area using the air supply in the rescue apparatus.

Are common technical requirements and test methods for devices are specified in GOST R 12.4.186-97 "Isolated air breathing apparatus. General technical requirements and test methods." Compliance of the device with the specified standards must be confirmed by a certificate, which must be obtained by the manufacturer of the device.

S. Ermakov, chief designer of JSC "KAMPO"

Air isolating apparatus for firefighters AIR-98MI and PTS "PROFI" are designed for individual protection of the respiratory system and human vision from harmful effects toxic and smoky gas environment unfit for breathing when extinguishing fires in buildings, structures and production facilities for various purposesV temperature rangeenvironment from minus 40 to60°C and staying in an environment with a temperature of 200°C for 60 s.

BREATHING APPARATUS FOR FIREFIGHTERS AIR-98MI

Basic specifications the AIR-98MI device and its modifications are given in table.

The device is made according to open circuit with exhalation into the atmosphere.

When valve(s) 1 is opened, air under high pressure flows from the cylinder(s) 2 into the manifold 3 (if any) and the filter 4 of the reducer 5, into the high pressure cavity A and, after reduction, into the reduced pressure cavity B. The reducer maintains a constant reduced pressure in cavity B regardless of changes in inlet pressure. In the event of a malfunction of the gearbox and an increase in reduced pressure, it is triggered safety valve 6. From cavity B of the reducer, air flows through hose 7 into the lung demand valve 11 or into the adapter 8 (if available) and then through the hose 10 into the lung demand valve 11. A rescue device is connected through valve 9.

The pulmonary demand valve ensures the maintenance of a given excess pressure in cavity D. When inhaling, air from cavity D of the pulmonary demand valve is supplied to cavity B of the mask 13, blowing the glass 14 and preventing it from fogging. Next, through the inhalation valves 15, air enters cavity G for breathing.

Schematic diagram breathing apparatus AIR-98 MI

To control the air supply in the cylinder, air from the high-pressure cavity A flows through the high-pressure capillary tube 18 into the pressure gauge 19, and from the low-pressure cavity B through the hose 20 to the whistle 21 of the signaling device 22.

When the working air supply in the cylinder is exhausted, a whistle is turned on, warning with an audible signal of the need to immediately exit to a safe area.

BREATHING APPARATUS PTS “PROFI”

The devices are produced in various options executions, differing in the following characteristics:

Complete set various types and the number of cylinders;

Complete with various types of front parts;

Possibility of equipping with a rescue device.

The device is an insulating tank breathing device with compressed air with a working pressure of 29.4 MPa and excess pressure under the front part. The device is equipped with a panoramic mask PTS “Obzor” TU 4854-019-38996367-2002 or “Panorama Nova Standart” No. R54450.

The device operates according to an open breathing pattern with exhalation into the atmosphere and operates as follows: when valve(s) 1 is opened, air under high pressure enters from the cylinder(s) 2 into the manifold 3 (if any) and the filter 4 of the reducer 5, into the high pressure cavity pressure A and after reduction into the cavity of reduced pressure B. The reducer maintains a constant reduced pressure in cavity B, regardless of changes in inlet pressure.

If the reducer malfunctions and the reduced pressure increases, safety valve 6 is activated.

From cavity B of the reducer, air flows through hose 7 into the lung demand valve 11 and into the adapter 8 and then through the hose 10 into the lung demand valve 11. A rescue device is connected through valve 9.

The pulmonary demand valve ensures the maintenance of a given excess pressure in cavity D. When inhaling, air from cavity D of the pulmonary demand valve is supplied to cavity B in the front part 13. The air, blowing glass 14, prevents it from fogging. Next, through the inhalation valves 15, air enters cavity G for breathing.

Schematic diagram of the PTS “Profi” breathing apparatus

When you exhale, the inhalation valves close, preventing exhaled air from reaching the glass. To exhale air into the atmosphere, the exhalation valve 16, located in the valve box 17, opens. The exhalation valve with a spring allows you to maintain a given excess pressure in the submask space.

To monitor the air supply in the cylinder, air from the high-pressure cavity A flows through the high-pressure capillary tube 18 into the pressure gauge 19, and from the low-pressure cavity B through the hose 20 to the whistle 21 of the signaling device 22. When the working air supply in the cylinder is exhausted, the whistle is turned on, warning with an audible signal that only reserve air remains in the device.

This labor safety instruction has been developed specifically for safe operation compressed air devices.

1. GENERAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

1.1. The operation of personal respiratory protection equipment is a set of measures for the use, maintenance, transportation, maintenance and storage of RPE. Correct operation means compliance with the established modes of use, deployment to combat crews, storage and maintenance rules for personal protective equipment.
1.2. Prohibited:
— make changes to the design of breathing apparatus that are not provided for in the technical (factory) documentation;
- use breathing apparatus for working underwater.
— use of RPE, the technical condition of which does not ensure the safety of the gas and smoke protector;
— operation of bases and control posts of gas and smoke protection services, the condition of which does not meet the requirements of the Labor Safety Rules and the Manual on gas and smoke protection services.
1.3. The use of personal respiratory protection equipment includes:
- Maintenance;
- content;
- placement in a combat crew.
— ensuring the operation of GDZS bases and control posts;
1.4. Maintenance includes: combat check, checks No. 1,2,3; cleaning, washing, adjustment, lubrication, disinfection; volume troubleshooting current repairs.
1.5. Operational check - view Maintenance RPE, carried out for the purpose of promptly checking the serviceability and correct functioning (action) of components and mechanisms immediately before performing a combat mission to extinguish a fire. Performed by the owner of the breathing apparatus under the guidance of the GDZS flight commander (chief of guard, squad commander, as intended) before each inclusion in the RPE.
1.6. When performing an operational check of the breathing apparatus, you must:
1.6.1. Check the serviceability of the mask and the reliability of the connection of the lung demand valve:
— check the completeness of the panoramic mask, the integrity of the glass, half-clips (glass mounting rims), the condition of the headband straps and valve box;
— reliability of connecting the lung demand valve to the panoramic mask.
1.6.2. Check the tightness of the air duct system (for vacuum):
- press the front part of the mask tightly to your face;
- take a deep breath from the system;
- if during inhalation a large resistance is created that does not allow further inhalation and does not decrease within 2-3 seconds, the breathing apparatus is considered sealed.
1.6.3. Check the lung demand valve and exhalation valve:
— first turn off the lung demand valve (using the button);
— open the cylinder valve;
— place the mask on your face and take 2-3 deep breaths. When you inhale for the first time, the machine should turn on and there should be no resistance to breathing;
— insert a finger under the mask’s abturator, make sure there is excess pressure (a characteristic sound of air flow should be heard);
- hold your breath for a few seconds and make sure there is no air leakage through the exhalation valve;
— turn off the lung demand valve.
1.6.4. Check the response pressure of the alarm device:
— close the cylinder valve;
— place the panoramic mask on your face, take a breath and slowly pump out the air from under the mask space until the sound signal sounds; the pressure on the pressure gauge should be within 50-60 atmospheres.
1.6.5. Check the air pressure in the cylinder:
— with the lung demand valve previously turned off, open the cylinder valve and check the pressure using the remote pressure gauge. The pressure must be at least 260 atm.
1.7. If the device is in good working order, make a report to the commander of the GDZS unit in the form: “The gas and smoke protector Ivanov is ready to turn on, the pressure is 280 atm.”
1.8. Check No. 1 is a type of maintenance carried out for the purpose of constantly maintaining RPE in good condition during operation, checking the serviceability and correct functioning (action) of the components and mechanisms of the breathing apparatus. Conducted by the owner of the breathing apparatus under the guidance of the chief of guard (in the fire extinguishing service - the senior duty shift):
- immediately before going on combat duty;
- after check No. 3, disinfection, replacement of air cylinders, securing RPE to the gas and smoke protection device, and also at least once a month if RPE was not used during this time. The inspection is carried out in order to constantly maintain the RPE in good condition;
— after using a breathing apparatus during a fire (drill);
- before conducting training sessions on clean air and in an environment unsuitable for breathing, if the use of RPE is provided during the time free from guard duty (combat duty).
1.9. The squad commander checks the reserve RPE.
1.10. When checking No. 1 of the breathing apparatus, you must:
— check the serviceability of the mask. If the mask is fully equipped and there is no damage to its elements, it is considered to be in good condition;
— inspect the breathing apparatus, check the reliability of fastening of the apparatus’s suspension system, cylinder and pressure gauge, and also make sure that there is no mechanical damage to components and parts;
— check the tightness of the high and reduced pressure system, open the cylinder valve, determine the air pressure using the pressure gauge and close the cylinder valve. If within one minute the drop in air pressure in the device system does not exceed 10 atmospheres, the device is considered sealed;
— check the pressure value at which the sound alarm is activated, close the inlet of the lung demand valve with the palm of your hand; click on central part rubber cover (turn on the overpressure mechanism); carefully raising your hand, maintaining a slight drop in pressure, slowly release air from the system until the sound signal sounds; Observing the pressure gauge reading, determine whether the sound signal is triggered. The sound signal is considered operational if it is triggered at a pressure of 50 - 60 atmospheres;
— check the tightness of the air duct system with the lung demand valve, connect the mask to the lung demand valve; put on the mask, tighten the head straps so that a tight fit with light pressure is felt along the entire sealing band. With the cylinder valve closed, take a breath, if at the same time a large resistance arises that prevents further inhalation, and does not decrease within 2-3 seconds, the air duct system is considered sealed;
- check the serviceability of the lung demand valve and the exhalation valve, open the cylinder valve all the way by rotating the handwheel counterclockwise (if a leak is immediately detected, press the central part of the rubber cap to turn on the overpressure mechanism, and then press the adjustment lever to turn it on again Repeat these steps 2-3 times and the leak should stop). Take 2-3 deep breaths, if the excess pressure mechanism immediately turns on and there is no resistance to breathing, the pulmonary valve and exhalation valve are considered to be in good working order;
— check the serviceability of the additional air supply device, press the button for the additional air supply of the lung demand valve. If the characteristic sound of air supply is heard, the device is considered to be working;
- check serviceability gas reducer, checked by external inspection;
— check the air pressure in the cylinder, check it with a pressure gauge. When assigned to a combat crew, the pressure in the cylinder must be at least 260 atmospheres.
1.11. If the device is in good working order, an entry is made in the inspection log No. 1.
1.12. Check No. 2 is a type of maintenance carried out within established calendar periods, in full and at specified intervals, but at least once a year. All RPE in operation and in reserve, as well as those requiring complete disinfection of all components and parts, are subject to inspection. The inspection is carried out on the basis of the GDZS by the senior foreman (master) of the GDZS. In the absence of a full-time senior foreman (master) of the GDZS, these responsibilities are assigned to another employee of the 7th OFPS, who must have special training in the amount provided for the senior foreman (master) of the GDZS and the appropriate permit.
1.13. Submission of RPE for inspection is carried out by units of 7 OFPS in accordance with the schedule developed by the senior foreman (master) of the GDZS and approved by the head of the gas and smoke protection service. The schedule provides for the order of presentation of RPE by month, indicating serial numbers.
1.14. The results of the checks are recorded in the check log No. 2 and in the registration card for the RPE, a note is also made in annual schedule checks.
1.15. Check No. 2 of the breathing apparatus includes:
— disassembly, inspection, washing, cleaning, disinfection, adjustment of components and assembly of the breathing apparatus. These operations are carried out in accordance with the technical description (operating manual) for the breathing apparatus;
— checking panoramic masks (face parts), lung demand valve, connectors, reducer, cylinder valves, rescue and signaling devices (for AIR), air reserve switch and charging fitting (for ASV);
— repair and replacement of worn parts. Filters, gaskets, valves and all rubber seals and rings are usually replaced;
- equipment of the breathing apparatus after complete assembly, its adjustment and check No. 1.
1.16. Disassembly and assembly of RPE are carried out on separate tables.
1.17. RPE with malfunctions identified during inspections is prohibited from being used for work by the personnel of the State Fire Service units until these defects are eliminated, which is noted in the log, the form of which is given in the Manual on the State Fire Protection Service.
1.18. RPE repair is a set of works to maintain and restore the serviceability of breathing apparatus. Repair consists of eliminating minor faults, restoring operational characteristics by replacing or restoring individual parts and components of RPE, carrying out a complete disassembly, replacing or repairing all faulty components, assembly, comprehensive inspection, adjustment and testing.
1.19. Repairs are organized and carried out by senior craftsmen (masters) of the GDZS, as a rule, on the basis of the GDZS.
1.20. Self-repair and adjustment of RPE by gas and smoke protectors is prohibited.
1.21. If a malfunction is detected, the RPE is removed from the combat crew and transferred to the GDZS base.
1.22. Acceptance and delivery must be recorded in a report indicating the malfunction with two signatures of the delivery person and the recipient.
1.23. The results of the repair and subsequent inspection are recorded in the inspection log No. 3 and in the RPE registration card.
1.24. Each gas and smoke protector bears personal responsibility for the serviceability and quality of maintenance of the RPE assigned to him.
1.25. Contents of personal protective equipment at bases, control posts of the GDZS and fire trucks:
— Serviceable (tested) and faulty RPEs are stored at the GDZS bases separately in cells of cabinets or racks in such a way as not to damage components and parts.
— Breathing apparatus, breathing apparatus masks for personnel free from guard duty, reserve RPE, and cylinders are stored at GDZS control posts in good working order, clean and ready for work.
— To transport RPE for repair and inspection, and to fill cylinders, special boxes with cells are used.
— Breathing apparatus are placed on a fire truck in a vertical position in specially equipped cells. To protect RPE from mechanical damage, the bottom and walls of the cells are lined with shock-absorbing material.
— At subzero ambient temperatures, breathing apparatus masks must be placed in the crew cabin of fire trucks.
— A primary-purpose firefighting vehicle, the combat crew of which is equipped with breathing apparatus, is equipped with a backup breathing apparatus.
— For each breathing apparatus transported on a fire truck, one reserve set of air cylinders must be provided.

2. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS BEFORE STARTING WORK

2.1. Preparation of RPE for work is carried out upon taking up combat duty on guard (duty shift) and at the scene of a fire (drill).
2.2. Preparing RPE for work includes:
a) when going on combat duty:
— obtaining RPE at the GDZS service post;
— carrying out inspection No. 1;
— filling out the inspection log No. 1;
— installation of RPE on a fire truck.
b) at the scene of a fire (exercise):
— putting on RPE and adjusting its suspension system;
— carrying out a working inspection. To carry it out, the flight commander issues the command “GDZS unit, gas masks (breathing apparatus) - CHECK!”;
— report to the commander of the GDZS flight about the oxygen (air) pressure in the cylinder and readiness to carry out the combat mission: “The gas and smoke protector Petrov is ready to turn on, the pressure is 280 atmospheres!”;
c) after working in a pre-trial detention center:
— washing, drying, reloading RPE;
— carrying out inspection No. 1;
— filling out inspection log No. 1 and a personal gas and smoke protection card;
— stowing RPE on a fire truck or placing it at the control post of the GDZS.
2.3. When going on combat duty, the air pressure in the cylinders of breathing apparatus must be at least 25.4 MPa (260 kgf/cm2) for breathing apparatus with a working pressure of 29.4 MPa (300 kgf/cm52).
2.4. Before each inclusion in the breathing apparatus, the GDZS unit conducts a working check for one minute in the order and sequence established by the GDZS Manual.
2.5. It is prohibited to switch on the RPE without carrying out a working check and if any malfunctions are detected.
2.6. The inclusion of personnel in the RPE is carried out at the command of the GDZS unit commander “GDZS unit, into the devices - TURN ON!” in the following sequence:
- remove the helmet and hold it between your knees;
- put on a mask;
— put a bag with a rescue device on your shoulder (for AIR type devices);
- put on a helmet.
2.7. When carrying out work using fire extinguishing protective equipment, exercises, be guided by the labor protection requirements set out in the instructions for labor protection when working in personal protective equipment.

3. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS DURING WORK

3.1. Before entering the smoke-filled area, the GDZS link secures the guide rope to the structure next to the safety post, and then moves to the fire in a “bundle.”
3.2. For every three units working on a fire, a reserve unit is organized at the checkpoint and the GDZS security post.
3.3. When conducting combat operations to extinguish a fire in an unbreathable environment as part of the gas and smoke protection unit, gas and smoke protectors are required to:
— obey the commander of the GDZS unit, know the combat mission of the GDZS unit (squad) and carry it out;
— know the location of the security post and checkpoint;
- strictly observe the route of movement of the GDZS unit and the rules of work in the PEPD, carry out orders given by the commander of the GDZS unit;
- do not leave the GDZS unit without the permission of the GDZS unit commander;
- monitor changes in the situation along the route, pay attention to the condition building structures both while driving and at the work site, remember the distance traveled;
— use the pressure gauge to monitor the air pressure in the RPE cylinder;
- do not use the emergency valve (bypass) unless necessary;
— switch on and off the RPE at the command of the GDZS flight commander;
- report to the commander of the GDZS unit about changes in the situation, detected malfunctions in the RPE or the appearance of poor health (headache, sour taste in the mouth, difficulty breathing) and act on his instructions;
- open doors with caution, protecting yourself from the possible release of flames and gases by the door panel;
- enter premises where there are live installations, devices and vessels under high pressure, explosives, poisons and others hazardous substances, only after preliminary consultation and instructions from the company’s specialists.
3.4. To ensure the safety of gas and smoke protectors when working in breathing apparatus, the flight commander is obliged to:
- know the combat mission of your GDZS unit (department), outline an action plan for its implementation and the route of movement, bring this, as well as information about possible danger, to the personnel of the GDZS unit;
— manage the work of the GDZS unit, fulfilling the requirements of the rules of work in PPE and safety requirements;
— indicate to the personnel the location of the checkpoint and security post;
— check the availability and serviceability of the required minimum of gas and smoke protection equipment necessary to complete the assigned combat mission;
— conduct a combat check of the assigned RPE and monitor its implementation by the unit’s personnel and the correct inclusion in the RPE;
— before entering an unsuitable for breathing environment, check the air pressure in the cylinders of subordinates and inform the guard at the security post of the lowest air pressure value;
— check the completeness and correctness of the relevant records made by guards at the security post;
- inform the personnel of the GDZS unit when approaching the fire site control pressure air at which it is necessary to return to the security post.
— provide the necessary assistance to persons in cases of threat to their life and health;
— ensure compliance with the rules for working in insulating gas masks;
— maintain constant contact with the security post, report to the RTP or NBU about the situation and actions of the GDZS unit;
- know and be able to perform first aid techniques for victims;
- alternate the intense work of the gas and smoke protection units of the gas-smoke protection unit with periods of rest, correctly dose the load, achieving an even deep breathing;
- monitor the well-being of personnel, correct use equipment and weapons, monitor oxygen (air) consumption according to pressure gauge readings;
— report malfunctions or other unfavorable circumstances for the GDZS unit to the security post and make decisions to ensure the safety of the unit’s personnel;
— bring the entire team out into the fresh air;
— when leaving an unsuitable for breathing environment, determine the point of switching off from the RPE and give a command to switch off.
3.5. The flight commander is obliged to monitor the well-being of the smoke and gas defenders; in case of deterioration of health (dizziness, pounding in the temples, nausea, etc.), he is obliged to report this to the security post and take the entire flight to fresh air.
3.6. Breathing when working in the apparatus should be deep and even. If breathing changes (intermittent, shallow), it is necessary to pause work and restore breathing by taking deep breaths until breathing becomes normal.
3.7. Removing or pulling back the mask to wipe glass in an unsuitable for breathing environment is prohibited.
3.8. During work, each gas and smoke protector must monitor the reading of the remote pressure gauge and report to the flight commander about the air pressure in the cylinders.
3.9. When moving to the source of the fire (place of work) and returning back, the commander of the GDZS flight unit is the first, and the most experienced gas and smoke protector (appointed by the flight commander) is at the rear.
3.10. The GDZS unit must return from an unsuitable for breathing environment in full force.
3.11. The advance of the fire control unit in the premises is carried out along the main walls, remembering the route, in compliance with precautionary measures, including those determined by the operational and tactical features of the fire object.
3.12. When working in RPE, it is necessary to protect it from direct contact with open flames, impacts and damage, do not remove the mask or pull it back to wipe the glass, do not turn off, even a short time. Switching off from the RPE is carried out at the command of the GDZS flight commander.
3.13. It is prohibited for GDZS units to use elevators when working on a fire, with the exception of elevators that have the operating mode “Transportation of fire departments” in accordance with GOST 22011.
3.14. In order to ensure safe progress, the GDZS link can use fire hoses and an intercom wire.
3.15. When working in conditions of limited visibility (heavy smoke), the GDZS flight commander in front is required to tap the floor structure with a crowbar.
3.16. Upon opening doorways The personnel of the GDZS unit must be outside the doorway and use the door leaf to protect against possible escape of flame.
3.17. When working in rooms filled with explosive vapors and gases, the personnel of the GDZS unit must wear rubber boots and not use flashlight switches. When moving to the fire (place of work) and back, as well as during the work, all precautions must be taken to prevent sparks, including when tapping premises structures.
3.18. When leaving an unsuitable for breathing environment for fresh air, smoke protectors can remove their masks only at the command of the flight commander.
3.19. When working in breathing apparatus you must:
— use breathing apparatus with excess pressure under a mask in environments with hazardous substances;
— when the main air supply is exhausted (for ASV-2), turn on the air reserve, to do this, move the reserve switch handle from the “P” position to the “O” position and leave the unsuitable for breathing environment as part of the flight;
— when the sound signal is triggered (for an AIR type device), report to the flight commander and leave the unbreathable environment within the flight;
— use, if necessary, a rescue device included in the breathing apparatus kit (type AIR).

4. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS IN EMERGENCIES

4.1. In case of deterioration in health (dizziness, pounding in the temples, nausea, etc.), the gas and smoke protection officer is obliged to report this to the flight commander. The flight commander, having received such a message, is obliged to report this via communications to the security post and take the entire flight out into the fresh air.
4.2. In the event of a loss of communication with a GDZS unit working in an environment unsuitable for breathing, as well as upon receiving from workers a message about an accident or poor health of a gas and smoke protector, the RTP (NBU) is obliged to send a reserve GDZS link to help the victims, as well as take other possible measures to finding and providing assistance to victims, taking them out into the fresh air and providing them with medical care.
4.3. When providing assistance to gas and smoke defenders directly in an environment unsuitable for breathing, it is necessary to check the presence of air in the cylinder, the condition of the breathing hoses, use a bypass to supply additional air under the victim’s mask, or, as a last resort, switch his mask with a lung demand valve to the breathing apparatus (AIR type) of another gas and smoke protection. Take measures to remove the team and the victim to fresh air.
4.4. In the event of a violation of the operating mode of the device (malfunction), the gas and smoke protector is obliged to report this to the flight commander, who is obliged to immediately remove the entire unit to fresh air.

5. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS AFTER WORK COMPLETION

5.1. Upon completion of work in an unbreathable environment, the GDZS flight commander takes the personnel out into the fresh air.
5.2. The personnel of the GDZS unit are switched off from their breathing apparatus at the command of the unit commander and perform visual inspection technical condition components of the breathing apparatus, masks, then places the breathing apparatus and masks in the fire truck at their locations.
5.3. The flight commander reports to the RTP (NUTP) on any comments on the operation of gas and smoke protectors in an unsuitable for breathing environment, on any malfunctions in the operation of breathing apparatus, and on the progress of fire extinguishing.
5.4. Upon arrival at the unit, the personnel of the gas and smoke protection service, under the leadership of the head of the guard (department commander), check the serviceability of the components of the breathing apparatus, masks, clean, wash, dry, disinfect, replace the used cylinder with a new one, perform check No. 1 and place the apparatus in the combat crew. The results of the checks are recorded in the appropriate journals. Work in RPE is filled out in the personal card of the gas and smoke protector.
5.5. If malfunctions are detected, the RPE is removed from the combat crew and transferred to the GDZS base.
5.6. Self-repair and adjustment of RPE by gas and smoke protectors is prohibited.
5.7. Used air cylinders are handed over to the unit's GDZS base for subsequent filling with air.
5.8. Upon completion of work, wash your hands and face thoroughly warm water with soap or take a shower.
5.9. Rules and procedures for cleaning and disinfecting breathing apparatus
5.9.1. Cleaning, adjustment, disinfection of RPE is carried out:
— after re-opening;
— during inspection No. 2;
- as prescribed by a doctor in connection with the detection of an infectious disease;
- after using the front part of the breathing apparatus by another person and the rescue device for it after each use;
— when placing the front parts of the breathing apparatus in reserve;
5.9.2. When cleaning the breathing apparatus:
— incomplete disassembly;
— washing with warm water and drying parts and components;
— assembly and re-equipment.
5.9.3. When disinfecting a breathing apparatus, the following is carried out:
— incomplete disassembly;
— washing parts and components with warm water;
— wiping the inside of the mask with a disinfectant solution, washing and drying it in a drying cabinet at a temperature of 40-50o C;
— flushing the lung demand valve with ethyl alcohol and blowing it with heated air. The rescue device of the device is also disinfected after each use.
Note. The procedure for partial disassembly of gas masks (breathing apparatus) is determined by the factory operating instructions.
5.9.4. The following solutions are used to disinfect RPE: rectified ethyl alcohol;
— solution (6%) of hydrogen peroxide;
- solution (1%) of chloramine;
- solution (8%) boric acid;
- fresh solution (0.5%) of potassium permanganate.
5.9.5. After cleaning and disinfection, inspection No. 2 is carried out.
5.9.6. The use of organic solvents (gasoline, kerosene, acetone) for disinfection is unacceptable.
5.10. Upon completion of work in an unbreathable environment, the GDZS flight commander takes the personnel out into the fresh air.
5.11. After completion of work in the zone of chemical and radiation contamination, work is carried out on degassing (decontamination) of PPE, SZO, and gas and smoke protectors are required to undergo sanitary treatment, exit dosimetric control, medical checkup.
5.12. The personnel of the GDZS unit switches off their breathing apparatus at the command of the flight commander, carries out an external inspection of the technical condition of the breathing apparatus units and masks, then places the breathing apparatus and masks in the fire truck at their locations.
5.13. The flight commander reports to the RTP (NBU) on any comments regarding the operation of gas and smoke protectors in an unsuitable for breathing environment, on any malfunctions in the operation of breathing apparatus, and on the progress of fire extinguishing.
5.14. Upon arrival at the unit, the personnel of the gas and smoke protection service, under the leadership of the head of the guard (department commander), check the serviceability of the components of the breathing apparatus, masks, clean, wash, dry, disinfect, replace the used cylinder with a new one, perform checks and place the apparatus in the combat crew. The results of the checks are recorded in the appropriate journals. Work in RPE is filled out in the personal card of the gas and smoke protector.
5.15. If faults are detected, the RPE is removed from the calculation and transferred to the GDZS base.
5.16. Self-repair and adjustment of RPE by gas and smoke protectors is prohibited.
5.17. Used air cylinders are handed over to the unit's GDZS base for subsequent filling with air.
5.18. After finishing work, wash your hands and face thoroughly with warm water and soap or take a shower.

We express our gratitude to Nikolai, who provided this instruction! =)

DRAGER PA 94 Plus Basic.

Brief instructions by application

Personal protective equipment /PPE/ - isolating technical means of personal protection of the respiratory organs and vision of a person from exposure to an environment unsuitable for breathing.

DRAGER PA 94 Plus Basic- complies with European standard 89/686 EWG. It is a compressed air device (cylinder respirator) according to EN 137 and has a fire safety certificate.

1. Main performance characteristics of DRAGER PA 94 Plus Basic

2. Description of the components of the breathing apparatus

4. Schematic diagram of the operation of the Drager device

5. Inspections of personal protective equipment, the order of their conduct and frequency

6. Calculation of operating parameters in RPE

Main performance characteristics of DRAGER PA 94 Plus Basic

2. Description of the components of the breathing apparatus .

DRAGER PA 94 Plus Basic consists of the following parts:

1. Back (lodgment)

2. Gearbox

3. Sound signal (whistle)

4. Pressure gauge

5. Tee (adapter)

6. Pulmonary demand valve

7. Panoramic mask (Panorama Nova SP)

8. Two air cylinders (Laxfer).

Back (lodgment).

The cradle consists of a plastic plate made of antistatic material (fiberglass-reinforced antistatic duroplast) adjusted to the human figure, which has holes for grasping with hands when carrying a balloon respirator. The wide, padded waist belt allows the device to be worn on the hips. The weight of the balloon respirator can thus be transferred from the shoulders to the hips. All belts are quick-change and made from Aramid/Nomex - a fabric that is non-flammable or self-extinguishing.

On the lower part of the cradle there are: a mount for a pressure reducer and an elastic shock protection element. In the upper part of the cradle there is a cylinder support with a built-in fastening line, which, in combination with a folding bracket, a cylinder fastening tape and a tension buckle, makes it possible to attach various compressed air cylinders.

Each breathing apparatus has an individual number, which is located on the back, has a designation of 4 letters and 4 numbers (BRVS-0026).

Pressure reducer

The pressure reducer body is made of brass. It is fixed to the bottom of the supporting frame. The pressure reducer contains a safety valve, a pressure gauge hose with a pressure gauge, an audible signal and a medium pressure hose. The pressure reducer reduces the pressure from the cylinder (10-330 atm.) to 6÷9 atm. (bar). The safety valve is adjusted in such a way that it is activated at a pressure in the medium pressure section of 13÷20 bar. The gearbox does not require maintenance for 6 years, after maintenance - another 5 years (sealed).

Two hoses come out of the gearbox:

Medium pressure hose – the Plus-A lung demand valve and the Panorama Nova Standard P panoramic mask are attached to the medium pressure hose;

High pressure hose – an audible signal (whistle) and a pressure gauge are attached to the high pressure hose.

The minimum pressure at which the reducer ensures uninterrupted operation is 10 atm. This is the guaranteed minimum pressure from the manufacturer, at which human safety is ensured.

Sound signal (whistle) - warning device and 2.4. Pressure gauge

The warning device is adjusted so that it produces an acoustic signal when the pressure in the cylinder drops to the response pressure of 55 ± 5 bar. Activated by high pressure, the whistle uses medium pressure. The alarm sounds until the air supply is almost completely used up. Sustained sound over 90 dBl up to 10 bar (atm.). The whistle is built into the pressure gauge hose. The whistle and pressure gauge are fully protected. The pressure gauge scale is luminescent.

Note: Breathing apparatus is supplied with a set value of 55 bar +/_ 5 bar.

Tee

The tee allows the connection of two 6.8 l/300 bar composite cylinders.

Pulmonary demand valve

The lung demand valve Plus A is switched on with the first breath. To turn off the aircraft, you must press the red key.

Panoramic mask

Panoramic mask Panorama Nova Standard P is attached to the head using a five-ray headband. The mask has a plastic glass frame and a speaking membrane. Glass – polycarbonate. The mask has a valve box - 2 inhalation valves (the first is for breathing, the second is for providing air pressure of 0.25-0.35 atm) and 1 exhalation valve. The exhalation pressure from the panoramic mask is 0.42-0.45 atm.

Compressed air cylinders

The device is equipped with Laxfer metal composite cylinders with a capacity of 6.8 liters with a working pressure in the cylinder of 300 bar (atm.). Depending on the temperature and humidity of the surrounding air, external icing may occur on the cylinder valve, pressure reducer and connection, but this does not matter for the operation of the device.

Each air cylinder has an individual number, which has a designation of 2 letters and 5 numbers (LN 21160).

When going on combat duty, the air pressure in the RPE cylinders must be at least 265 atm. – requirement for this device of the electronic automatic control and warning system from DRAGER Bodyguard II(bodyguard).

When 2 cylinders are opened, provided that the cylinders had different pressures, the pressure in the cylinders equalizes, the total pressure drops, air flows from one cylinder to the second (a characteristic hissing sound is heard), since they are communicating vessels. The time of protective action, however, does not decrease.

Requirements for working with breathing apparatus and safety when working with it

1. When working in RPE, it is necessary to protect it from direct contact with open flames, impacts and damage, do not remove the mask or pull it back to wipe the glass, and do not turn off even for a short time. Switching off from RPE is carried out at the command of the GDZS flight commander: “GDZS unit, from breathing apparatus - turn off!”

2. The valve is opened by rotating the handle counterclockwise. To prevent involuntary closure during use, cylinder valves should be opened at least two turns. Do not forcefully twist it all the way.

3. When connecting cylinders, do not allow dirt to get on the threaded connections.

4. When screwing or unscrewing cylinders, the “3-finger” system is used. Do not use force.

5. When activating the lung demand valve into the atmosphere (without a mask - as a backup option), take the first breath after 3 seconds. after air supply.

6. Safety precautions when putting on a face mask: beard, mustache, glasses come into contact with the seals of the face mask and may adversely affect the safety of the wearer.

7. When attaching air cylinders to the back of the device, do not pull the fastening straps with force until the fastener closes (Tavlo system).

8. When servicing a panoramic mask, do not wash it with organic solvents (gasoline, acetone, alcohol). For maintenance, use a foamy solution of baby soap.

9.Drying of the mask is carried out at a temperature of no more than 60 degrees C.

10. During operation, the glass of the panoramic mask must not be wiped with gloves, leggings, or dirty rags, so as not to damage the glass.

11. If, during inspection No. 1 and No. 2 of breathing apparatus, faults are found that cannot be eliminated by the owner, they are removed from the combat crew and sent to the GDZS base for repair, and the gas and smoke protection officer is given a backup apparatus.

5. CHECKS OF PPE, THE ORDER OF THEIR CONDUCT AND FREQUENCY.

Appendix 10 Instructions for the gas and smoke protection service of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, approved by Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation No. 234 of April 30, 1996, determine the rules and procedure for conducting inspections of gas masks and breathing apparatus.

Combat check- type of maintenance of RPE carried out for the purpose of promptly checking the serviceability and correct functioning (action) of components and mechanisms immediately before performing a combat mission to extinguish a fire. Performed by the owner of the RPE under the guidance of the flight commander before each inclusion in the RPE.

Before carrying out a combat check, the gas and smoke protector puts on and adjusts his suspension system.

A combat check is carried out at the command of the GDZS unit commander with the command: “GDZS unit, breathing apparatus - check!”

1.Check the serviceability of the mask. Visual inspection.

Visually check the integrity of the glass, half-clips, headband straps and valve box, as well as the reliability of the connection of the lung demand demand valve. If the mask is fully equipped and there is no damage to its elements, it is considered to be in good condition.

2.Check the tightness of the breathing apparatus for vacuum.

With the cylinder valve closed, apply the panoramic mask to your face, take a breath, and if at the same time there is a large resistance that does not decrease within 2-3 seconds, then the device is sealed.

3.Check the tightness of the high and medium pressure system.

Open the cylinder valve and close it. Use a pressure gauge to determine changes in air pressure in the cylinder; if there is no drop in air pressure, the device is considered sealed.

4.Check the operation of the lung demand valve.

4.1. Checking the pulmonary valve and exhalation valve.

4.2. Checking the air pressure valve.

4.3. Checking emergency supply.

5.Check the operation of the sound signal.

Place the panoramic mask on your face and inhale, slowly pumping out the air until the sound signal sounds. The sound signal should sound when the pressure on the remote pressure gauge is 55 +/-5 atm. (bar).

6. Check the air pressure in the cylinder.

With the lung demand valve turned off, open the cylinder valve and check the pressure using the remote pressure gauge

7. Report to the commander of the GDZS flight about the readiness to turn on and the air pressure in the cylinder: “The Petrov gas and smoke protector is ready to turn on, the pressure is -270 atmospheres.”

The inclusion of personnel in RPE is carried out at the command of the GDZS flight commander:

“GDZS link, turn on the devices!” in the following sequence:

• remove the helmet and hold it between your knees;
• open the cylinder valve;
• put on a mask;
• put on a helmet.

Check No. 1 - It is carried out by the owner of the breathing apparatus under the guidance of the chief of guard immediately before going on combat duty, as well as before conducting training exercises in clean air and in an environment unsuitable for breathing, if the use of RPE is envisaged during the time free from combat duty.

The results of the inspection are recorded in the inspection log No. 1.

The squad commander checks the reserve RPE.

1.Check the serviceability of the mask.

The mask must be complete without any visible damage.

2. Inspect the breathing apparatus.

Check the reliability of fastening of the suspension system of the apparatus, cylinders and pressure gauge, and also make sure that there are no mechanical damage to components and parts. Connect the mask to the lung demand valve.

3.Check the tightness of the breathing apparatus for vacuum.

With the cylinder valve closed, press the mask tightly to your face and try to inhale. If, when inhaling, a large resistance is created that prevents further inhalation and does not decrease within 2-3 seconds, the breathing apparatus is considered sealed.

(press the button to turn off the lung demand valve).

4.Check the tightness of the high and medium pressure system.

Open and close the cylinder valve, first turning off the excess pressure mechanism in the under-mask space. Use a pressure gauge to determine the change in air pressure in the cylinder; if within 1 minute the drop in air pressure does not exceed 10 bar, the device is considered sealed.

5.Check the operation of the lung demand valve.

5.1. Checking the pulmonary valve and exhalation valve.

Having first turned off the lung demand valve, open the cylinder valve. Place the mask on your face and take 2-3 deep breaths. When you take your first breath, the lung demand valve should turn on and you should not feel any resistance to breathing.

5.2. Checking the air pressure valve.

Insert your finger under the seal and make sure there is air flow from the mask. Remove your finger and hold your breath for 10 seconds. Make sure there are no air leaks.

5.3. Checking emergency supply.

Press the bypass button and make sure that the forced air supply is working correctly. Turn off the lung demand valve. Close the cylinder valve.

6.Check the operation of the sound signal.

Smoothly press the lung demand valve button to release the pressure until a sound signal appears; if the sound signal appears at a pressure of 55+/- 5 bar, then the sound signal is working.

7.Check the air pressure readings in the cylinder.

The pressure in the cylinder must be at least 265 bar to install the breathing apparatus in combat crews.

Check No. 2 - type of maintenance carried out during the operation of RPE after check No. 3, disinfection, replacement of air cylinders, and also at least once a month if RPE was not used during this time. The inspection is carried out in order to constantly maintain the RPE in good condition.

The inspection is carried out by the owner of the RPE under the guidance of the chief of guard.

The squad commander checks the reserve RPE. The results of the inspection are recorded in the inspection log N2.

Check No. 2 is carried out using instrumentation in accordance with the instructions for their use. In the absence of control devices, check No. 2 is carried out in accordance with check No. 1

Check No. 3 - a type of maintenance carried out within established calendar periods, in full and at a given frequency, but at least once a year. All RPE in operation and in reserve, as well as those requiring complete disinfection of all components and parts, are subject to inspection.

The inspection is carried out on the basis of the GDZS by the senior foreman (master) of the GDZS. The results of the inspections are recorded in the inspection log No. 3 and in the personal protective equipment registration card, and a note is also made in the annual inspection schedule.

6. CALCULATION OF PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS

The main calculated indicators of the performance of gas and smoke protectors in an unsuitable for breathing environment are:

· control air pressure in the apparatus, at which it is necessary to go out into fresh air (Rk.out.);

· operating time of the fire control unit at the source of the fire (Trab.);

· total time operation of the GDZS unit in an environment unsuitable for breathing and the expected time of return of the GDZS unit to fresh air (Tot.).

The methodology for calculating operating parameters in RPE is carried out in accordance with the requirements of Appendix 1 to the Manual on GDZS of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (Order No. 234 of April 30, 1996).

The air supply system of the device consists of a pulmonary valve and a gearbox; it can be single-stage, without gearbox or two-stage. The two-stage air supply system can be made from one structural element, combining the gearbox and lung governed demand valve or separately.

The devices are produced by manufacturers in various versions.

Main components of DASV, their purpose

Hanging system designed for mounting systems and components of the device on it.

Consists of: plastic back, shoulder and end straps secured to the back with buckles, waist belt with quick-release adjustable buckle. A cradle that serves as a support for the cylinder. The cylinder is secured with a cylinder belt with a special buckle.

Marking: manufacturer's trademark, symbol device, technical specifications number, serial number, month and year of manufacture.

Cylinder with valve designed for storing a working supply of compressed air.

The valve consists of: body, valve, gasket, 2 rings, cover, spindle, handwheel, cover, safety diaphragm, shut-off valve, shock absorber.

Marking: cylinder designation, heat treatment mark, quality control mark, manufacturer code, batch number, cylinder number in batch, month and year of manufacture, year of next inspection, weight empty cylinder, operating pressure, test pressure, nominal volume.

Gearbox designed to convert high air pressure in a cylinder to a constant reduced pressure. The gearbox has a safety valve (and a signaling device mechanism can also be built into the gearbox).

Consists of: body, reduced valve, piston, spring, handwheel, threaded fitting, o-ring, cuff, safety valve, seal.

Capillary designed for connecting a pressure gauge and an audio signal to the gearbox.

Consists of: 2 fittings connected by a high-pressure spiral tube soldered into them, inside the spiral of which a cable is also connected to the fittings, are located inside 2 fittings connected and fixed with a hose using caps and O-rings.

Pressure gauge designed to control the pressure of compressed air in the cylinder, a sound signal to notify that the air in the cylinder is running low.

Pulmonary demand valve designed to automatically supply air to the user's breathing, maintain excess pressure in the submask space, additional air supply, turn off the air supply and connect the front part to the device. The lung demand valve is turned on with the first breath and turned off by pressing the additional air supply button.

Consists of: valve, spring, ring, membrane, valve seat, support, rod, button, cover.

Panoramic mask designed to protect human respiratory organs and vision from toxic and smoky environments and connects Airways man with a lung machine.

Consists of: body with headband straps, panoramic glass, two half-clips, oil pan with two inhalation valves, intercom, plug connection for attaching a lung demand valve with a spring-loaded exhalation valve.

Adapter designed to connect the main front part of the lung governed demand valve and the rescue device to the gearbox.

Consists of: tee, connector connected to each other by a hose which is fixed in the fittings of the tee with caps. A bushing is screwed into the connector body, on which the fixation unit for the hose fitting of the rescue device is mounted and consists of: a clip, balls, a bushing, a spring, a housing, an O-ring, and a valve.

Rescue device Designed to protect the respiratory organs and vision of the victim from an unsuitable for breathing environment.

Consists of: helmet-mask, lung demand valve and low-pressure hose.