Gorodets painting for beginning artists: the necessary tools and materials for painting, as well as the stages of making flowers with detailed video lessons. How to draw a horse in Gorodets painting

Flowers - a symbol of health

Flowers are an indispensable part of any Gorodets work.

To master Gorodets painting well, it is enough to be able to draw only four flowers. Let's learn how to draw these four flowers. They are drawn in three stages: underpainting; petal guidance; revivals.

Prepare paper, a pencil, one art brush and for now only one paint from the gouache set - kraplak. Using a pencil, draw four circles in a row on a sheet of paper: the first one is smaller, the rest are the same (see picture).

Using a brush and cherry paint (kraplak), draw a round colored spot in each of these circles; on the first two - on the side, and on the other two - in the middle. For convenience, in the future we will call this speck a spout. Now let’s finish painting these four flowers with the same paint (kraplak).

On the first circle draw an arc. To do this, holding the brush vertically in your fingers (perpendicular to the sheet of paper), we begin to draw an arc, first lightly touching the paper with the tip of the brush, then we apply strong pressure on the brush (the brush leaves a wide, smooth mark) and complete the arc again with a thin line. It turns out a beautiful arc in the shape of a new moon (Fig. a).

On the second circle we draw the same arc, but now not along the edge, but inside the circle. And along its edge there are rounded petals in shape exactly the same as the arc, only smaller in size. The result was a flower somewhat reminiscent of a rose (Fig. b).

On the third lap draw petals along the edge of the circle (Fig. c).

On the fourth lap We finish drawing the droplets using the dipping method. They are located radially around the nose drawn in the center (Fig. d).

Now compare your flowers with those in the picture... Make sure that all the arcs are rounded and convex, like sails inflated by the wind, so that the noses of the third and fourth flowers are large enough (no less than 1/3 of the diameter of the circle , in which they are located).

Terminology

• bud (Fig. a);
• rose (Fig. b);
• rozan (Fig. c);
• chamomile (Fig. d).

In other sources, these same flowers may be named differently!

Color

Let's talk about what color the flowers we learned to draw will be.

For now we will draw all the flowers only in pink and blue. There are many pink flowers in the painting, but few blue ones. There may be no more than one quarter of the total number of flowers, or even fewer, or may even not be present at all in the Gorodets painting.

Gorodets flowers are always drawn on colored circles. When they begin to paint the work, at first they draw only colored circles (this is the underpainting). Why is this so? This is the tradition. It is enough to be able to depict only four flowers, which are described here, and the impression of a huge number These flowers are created only thanks to their color - red, pink, blue, indigo, ocher, brown, cherry and even black. Flowers are not only orange, yellow and purple.

Let's again draw the same four circles with which we began to learn how to depict Gorodets flowers. We will paint any of the four circles with a blue space, and the other three with a pink space. Now on these underpaintings we will draw the same flowers as in the picture.

Please note that on the blue circle we paint the petals and nose of the flower with cobalt blue, and paint the pink underpaintings with red paint.

Ozhivki

Now let's move on to the third stage: all that remains is to make revivals. Flowers are revived with white paint using an artistic brush N2 and N3.

The tip of the brush is carefully dipped in white gouache and the flowers are decorated with dots and elastic strokes. First of all, they put a white dot in the center of all the spouts, then they edge the spouts of roses and daisies with dots, and the spouts of the bud and rose are outlined with a white arc. And then the animations on the rose (those located along the “meridians”) are completed with very elegant touches.

All! We learned to write flowers! Advice: make animations on flowers only as shown in the picture. This is a tradition. And tradition must be respected.

Master A.V. Sokolova suggests 18 types of Gorodets flowers- roses, daisies, daisies, multi-petal flowers reminiscent of field geraniums.

It is impossible to imagine all the richness of flowers invented by Gorodets craftsmen over 150 years of work in the craft. Only the most basic, common and beloved by city residents are shown here. These are primarily roses.

In the 1930s, working with the famous masters of Zhostovo trays, the famous Russian artist P.P. Konchalovsky argued that painting a rose is as difficult as painting a portrait of a person. But painting this royal flower is not only difficult for masters of folk art, but also joyful, otherwise Zhostovo residents and painters of wooden products, embroiderers and even blacksmiths would not have turned to it so often.

City residents never tried to make their flowers look like natural ones; the conventionality of decorative techniques is not only not hidden, but even emphasized. A fantastic image of a flower is always created and this is done skillfully, with extraordinary imagination and inspiration.

Among the six types of roses presented in the figure, there are no two identical in shape, color, or the finest bleaching details. The author of the painting acts here as a subtle colorist: roses are not just red, blue or pink - their subtle color shades are difficult to describe in words. The shapes of roses are no less varied: the cut of the middle of the flower, the number and pattern of the petals vary. Some of them are round, others are smoothly curved, and others are pointed. Each Gorodets flower has its own unique character.

And the rose, and the kupavka, and the chamomile, at first glance at them, seem very intricate and difficult to execute. At first it is difficult to understand how to start working on each flower shape. But it should be remembered that even the most complex forms in folk painting are made up of a number of simple elements.

There are several basic principles underlying the creation of most Gorodets flowers. Some of them are based on the so-called bull's-eye - a fairly large circle, made with a medium-sized brush. Based on its development with additional paints and graphic cuts, you can create quite big number various colors. This is how Gorodets roses, kupavkas and daisies are formed.

Other flowers - let's call them field geranium- have a small round berry center and light petals of different designs, the translucency of which is emphasized by the finest white shading. For the final finishing of flower forms, along with white, black is often used, which is very popular in Gorodets painting.

There is another artistic principle for writing Gorodets flowers - these are the so-called flowers by texture. The fact is that traditional Gorodets works were painted, as a rule, on colored backgrounds, but starting from the 1950s, the assortment of the craft began to be dominated by works whose background was natural, unpainted wood. In this regard, the masters had to solve quite a lot of new artistic problems. Experienced Gorodets artists have found unique decorative solutions compositions, not only adapting the Gorodets texture to writing color palette, but also by creating new unique techniques for writing colors. Fragments of unpainted wood were incorporated into the flower structure itself.

Bibliography

Gorodets painting is a folk art craft. Bright textured designs are made with a free stroke with a graphic outline. Russian motifs were used to decorate a wide variety of household items and decorative paraphernalia.

History of the fishery

The birthplace of Gorodets painting is the Volga region. Residents of the villages of Khlebaikha, Kurtsevo, Savino, Bukino and some other villages decorated spinning wheels with carvings, and then tinted the ornament in order to later sell the products at the Nizhny Novgorod fair. Over time, colorful patterns completely replaced carved decor, and bright designs began to be called Nizhny Novgorod painting.

The term “Gorodets pattern” appeared only in the 1930s, when the public became aware of the works of one of the most dedicated researchers of Russian folk crafts, V.M. Vasilenko. Gorodets is the main market for painted utensils. The craftsmen took this fact into account, and the patterns reflected the life, customs, and images associated with the town. Over time, the painting became an artistic representation of the culture and flavor of Gorodets and its environs.

Local craftsmen were skilled in wood carving. Forest expanses allowed craftsmen to use cheap and accessible material to create their masterpieces. The flourishing of the craft is associated with the activities of Peter the Great, who demanded that his warships be decorated with carvings and paintings. Over time, the ships were relocated closer to the newly conquered lands, and craftsmen began to look for other directions for applying their accumulated experience.

The heyday of the Gorodets craft began in 1870, when the icon painter Ogurechnikov came to one of the villages. His goal was to update the paintings of the local church. It was he who helped local craftsmen master new skills: “animating” with squirrels, using several balls of paint at once, and other techniques.

Colors of Gorodets painting

Egg paints were originally used for painting. They were replaced by oil, tempera and gouache compositions. Coloring composition applied to the canvas in large spots, without first forming clear contours.

Initially, craftsmen worked on primed surfaces. Later, after the Second World War, they chose untreated wood. This allowed the drawings to be made lighter, giving them transparency.

1. Paintings. For patterns in the form of berries and flowers, the following colors are used: ocher, pink (a mixture of red and white tones), pure red, burgundy (red and black), blue (blue and white), blue. To design the sheets, use clean green color. Small leaves and curls were sometimes decorated with brown paint.
2. Tenevka. The main shade colors are black, brown and blue. By using a deep black tone, against which the key elements of the ornament were drawn, it was possible to obtain a bright and rather contrasting pattern. If a brown tone was used for the shade, the painting turned out lighter and more delicate.
3. Live-out. White color was used for bait. The yellow tint was used less frequently. It was needed only if the leaves were given voluminous accents.

Basic colors by numbers

Primary colors that are traditionally used for Gorodets ornaments:

1. Ocher(#CC7722);
2. Pink(#FFC0CB);
3. Red(#FF0000);
4. Blue(#00BFFF);
5. Blue(#964B00);
6. White(#FFFFFF);
7. Green(#00FF00);
8. Black(#000000);
9. Yellow(#FFFF00).

Elements and motifs of Gorodets painting

There are three basic types of compositions. This is a “pure” floral painting, a composition with the inclusion of a “horse” motif, and a complex plot painting.

Floral patterns are the easiest to make. There are several elements of the ornament:

1. “Bouquet” is a symmetrical image. These are small compositions consisting of 1 – 3 flowers. Decorate boxes, caskets, cups, salt shakers, cups, bowls;
2. “Garland” is a type of “bouquet” when one large flower is located in the center, and a composition with more is built around it small flowers;
3. “Rhombus” is a variation of the “garland”. Several large flowers form the center, and leaves and buds diminish at the top of the diamond. The ornament often decorates large chests, large cutting boards, cabinet doors and bread bins;
4. “Flower stripe” is a complex composition consisting of upper and lower tiers. The ornament can be formed from a strip of flowers of the same size or from floral elements of different colors, shapes and types;
5. “Wreath” is a variation of the “flower stripe”, but only of a closed type. Usually decorates the surfaces of dishes, trays, boxes, wine barrels.

Motifs “horse” and “bird”

There are symmetrical and asymmetrical compositions. Birds and horses are most often placed in the center flowering tree or framed by a wreath. There are sets of products, each of which contains several motifs at once. For example, a chicken and a rooster or two horses of different colors.

Similar patterns look more impressive on black and red canvases. Base color: ocher, gold, orange, yellow. The paired image of birds represents family harmony and well-being. Horses symbolize success and prosperity.

Subject painting

Thematic drawings are placed on large items: chests, dishes, tabletops. Masters traditionally depicted scenes of tea parties and celebrations, weddings against the backdrop of a rich table, tables with cups, flowers and samovars. People's faces turned towards the audience, which often gave a certain implausibility to overly complex compositions.

The favorite theme of the drawings is the exteriors of houses with carved shutters, bright trims, chimneys. The picture was complemented by wells, wicker fences with flowers or jugs and sitting roosters. In addition, the canvas could be “enriched” with images of other animals - dogs, cats, hens and chicks.

Technique of Gorodets painting

Painting is done directly on wooden base, which is initially primed with yellow, red and black colors. Each primary color is “whitened,” thus doubling the number of colors in the palette.

On the surface, thin lines with a pencil outline the main lines of the painting. Particular attention is paid to the “nodes” of the drawing, that is, the largest and important elements. Average and small parts act as connectors for large patterns and can be performed during improvisation.

At the painting nodes, a wide brush forms the base of the flower. Typically, this is an irregular round or oval shaped spot. A darker color is applied over the light spots. The entire painting consists of simple elements: staples, arcs, spirals, strokes, drops and the underpainting itself.

The final stage is applying contrasting (black or white) strokes and dots on top of the finished drawing. This stage is carried out using a very thin brush. As soon as the canvas dries, the painting is “fixed” with a thick layer of varnish.

Master class on drawing Gorodets painting using a template. Painting "Horses".

Bogatova Oksana Nikolaevna, teacher of MKDOU " Kindergarten No. 94" of the city of Dzerzhinsk, Nizhny Novgorod region.
Description: the work can be done junior schoolchildren or preschoolers with the help of adults. The master class will be of interest to creative people and additional education teachers.
Purpose: will serve as a drawing example for art classes and interior decoration.
Target: creation of the painting "Horses".
Tasks:- learn to draw Gorodets horses symmetrically using a template;
- consolidate the skills of painting floral Gorodets ornaments;
- develop Creative skills:
- cultivate patriotic feelings, the desire to come into contact with people more often folk traditions.

The image of a horse in Gorodets painting symbolizes the sun and wishes for happiness.
The character of the depiction of animals is always majestic and solemn. If a horse is depicted, then it is a horse, proudly raising its head on a steeply curved swan neck, beating the ground with its hoof. He has the thin legs of a horse, rich harness, and a mane flowing like a waterfall.
The Gorodets horse is running - the whole earth is trembling under it...
As in flower painting, Gorodets paintings depicting a horse can be symmetrical. They can be located either on the sides of a flowering tree or inside a flower garland. These are the horses with floral ornament, we will draw with you!

Materials: A3 sheet of paper; gouache scarlet, ruby, ocher, green, white, black; watercolor paints; water jar; a simple pencil; a piece of sponge; brushes No. 1, No. 2, No. 5.

Using a sponge, cover the sheet with ocher gouache.

Now we need to draw two symmetrical horses located on the sides of the picture. Having posed such a problem, I was faced with the problem that I got one knight (located on the right), but the other (located on the left) did not turn out to be mirror symmetrical... Then I cut out my pencil sketch and placed the knight with the other surface on the opposite side of the drawing.

Having little artistic ability, it is difficult to draw a beautiful, well-proportioned horse. Therefore, I suggest everyone to use this template, according to my sketch.

We paint the horses with black gouache.

For a more even execution of floral patterns, namely, drawing roses, flowers and daisies, we will use the round shapes of a jar for water and a jar of gouache.

Paint over the drawn circles.

At the bottom of our floral ornament we will paint a rose and two daisies. Let's draw a cuppa in the center.

Let's complement the floral ornament with leaves.

To make the picture sparkle with new colors, let’s complement it with new colors for us - bells.

Now let's start drawing the horses' harness.

Then we use white “animation” to make our horses graceful and give them volume.

On the leaves we draw veins of the corresponding colors

We paint blue bells, buds and flowers with blue and white watercolors.

Now we apply black “revival” to the leaves.

Our picture is almost ready, all that remains is to draw the bridles.

We frame the picture and hang it on the wall.

A similar picture can be drawn with roosters. It will bring warmth and comfort, unique originality to your home. Thank you for your attention!

Nadezhda Kovalchuk

Hello, dear friends and guests of your favorite site!

Gorodets painting- This is one of the traditional decorative crafts and ranks among the highest achievements of Russian folk art.

Oh, Russia, you are Russia,

Glory has not diminished

You are a townie, a townie

She became famous throughout the world.

Today I present to your attention a master class “Samples of step-by-step execution of flower painting from Gorodets patterns”

Description: The master class will be of interest to older preschoolers, teachers and parents. Children 6-7 years old will be able to complete the work with the help of adults, and older children - independently.

Purpose: master step by step drawing Gorodets flowers to create a Gorodets painting composition for decorating dishes or making a bouquet.

Target: teach children, teachers and parents step-by-step implementation paintings of Gorodets flowers.

Tasks:

Fix the three main stages in drawing 5 types of Gorodets flowers: bud, kupavka, rose, chamomile and rose;

Develop a sense of composition and color;

Cultivate interest and respect for folk art Gorodets masters.

Materials: thin and thick brushes, gouache paints - red and pink, blue and light blue, orange, black and white, whole sheets and halves of A3 size paper.

Flowers are an indispensable part of any Gorodets work.

Gorodets painting is symbolic. Flowers in it are a symbol of health and prosperity in business.

Flowers of Gorodets painting:

Bud

Chamomile

Rosan

Kupavka

Rose

Gorodets masters love color and shade, and therefore they use red (cherry) and pink paint, blue and light blue, as well as brown, black and white to spice things up.

Making flowers using the Gorodets painting technique is divided into three stages.

Stage I of painting - Underpainting- This is a colored circle that will serve as the basis of any Gorodets flower.

Stage II of painting - Tenevka- pointing the petals. When we have painted circles of different colors we need (underpainting), we give the gouache time to dry. Then we begin to draw the petals depending on the colors that we want to depict. On a pink underpainting, the petals can be painted red, on a blue one - blue. In general, painting the petals is always done with a darker contrasting paint.

III stage of painting – Ozhivka– decorating flowers with dots and strokes white. The pattern comes to life. Done with the thinnest brush. For this we will need art brushes No. 2 or No. 3, as well as white gouache.

Rosan. Step by step drawing.

1. Using a simple pencil, draw circles on a sheet of paper.

2. Using a thick brush, draw and fill in an orange circle.

3. In the middle of the orange circle, draw a small red circle.

4. Draw a petal at the top and bottom of the large circle.

5. We continue to draw rounded petals along the edge of the circle.

6. Let's make it come alive. Carefully dip the tip of the brush into white gouache and decorate the rose with dots. First of all, we put a white dot in the center of the circle, and then around the circle.

Gorodets rose. Step by step drawing.

1. Draw the middle (bud) and petals with a simple pencil.

2. Paint the middle and petals of the rose red.

3. Using black paint, add a circle and an arc on top, and with a thin brush we outline the rose petals with black paint. We begin to draw an arc at first by only lightly touching the paper with the tip of the brush, then we apply strong pressure on the brush (while the brush leaves a wide, smooth mark) and complete the arc again with a thin line.

4-5. Animation of a rose: dots, petals.

Kupavka. A sample of step-by-step drawing.

3. At the top of the large pink circle is a small red circle, then draw an arc, and below, in the center, a red petal.

4. Draw red rounded petals towards the top, decreasing in size.

5. Animation of the bath: a dot in the center of a small circle, an arc and petals, dots in red petals.

Chamomile. A sample of step-by-step drawing.

1. Draw circles with a simple pencil.

2. Draw and paint the circle with pink paint.

3. In the center of the pink circle is a small red circle.

4. Draw one petal at the top and bottom symmetrically (dipping method.

5. Add petals.

6. Revitalization with white paint: a dot in the center of the daisy, dots in a circle, white petals between red ones.

Bud. Example of step-by-step drawing

1. Draw a small circle with blue paint.

2. Add a small blue circle at the top.

3. Using a thin brush, draw a blue arc in the shape of a month.

4. Draw white arcs - below and above.

5. Draw a blue arc in the middle of the bud.

6. Mesh bud options.

Thank you for your attention!

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