Paint brushes: why are they different? Paint brush: types, sizes and care rules Brushes for painting work.

Paint brushes remain the most accessible tool for paint and varnish works. Cheapness and simplicity have a downside - low productivity and uneven paint application. To obtain a high-quality coating, one brush is not enough, but you need to have a set of different types designed for different types of paint, different shapes surface and volume of work.

Paint brushes: types and applications

Swing and whitewash brushes

Fly feathers brushes have a large diameter (60-65 mm) and a hair tuft length of up to 100 mm; they are intended for painting, priming or whitewashing large areas. When they are sold in the form of a bunch, they are called by weight, if they have the usual form - piece. The weight brushes are subsequently tied up and handles of the required length are made. The ability to bend to its original shape characterizes the quality of the brush. According to GOST 10597-87 they are designated KM.

Whitewashing The brush, thanks to its width of 200 mm and thickness of 45-65 mm, increases the productivity of whitewashing and leaves behind a clean painting surface.

Maklovitsa and handbrake

(KMA) is used for painting large surfaces with water-based paints; it can replace a whitewash brush. Has a round (diameter 120 -170 mm) or rectangular shape(width 135, 165, 195 mm and thickness 55-65 mm). Working length round type reaches 100 mm, rectangular - up to 80 mm. After painting with such a brush, the surface does not require fluting.

Handbrush can be with an oval beam shape (ORO) or round (CR) with a diameter of up to 60 mm. The cattle variety has round hair that tapers to a cone at the end. Made from natural bristles with the addition of horsehair, their small size and gentle handle make it easy to work with small areas. Suitable for most types of paint if the beam is secured with a metal ring. In case of fastening with glue, such a brush is not used with adhesive and water-based compositions.

If the length of the working part of the brush is too long, then during use it will become soft and inelastic, such bristles will leave behind an uneven layer of paint, as a result - smudges and grooves on the surface. Using twine or other materials, the bristles of the brush are tied to the desired length.

Flat and flat brushes

and flat brushes (KF and KP) have a rectangular working part. Widely used for different types of painting paint coatings. The flute has a smaller thickness and leaves behind a smoother and cleaner surface. Flat brushes, due to the increased thickness of the hair bundle, absorb more paint and are used for large areas. The width of the working part of flute and flat brushes varies from 25 to 125 mm. The thickness of flutes is 9-18 mm, for flat ones - 20-35 mm. Using flutes with short hair apply glaze paints and achieve a moire effect when decorative finishing.

Filet brushes and trim brushes

Bun paneled brushes (KFK) are made in a round shape small size(8-18mm) made of hard pork bristles and is mounted in a metal cartridge. Designed for more precise application of contour lines, narrow stripes and painting in hard-to-reach places.

Trimming brush(ShchT) is used to treat newly painted surfaces, gives a rough appearance and is used for priming and decorative finishing. Dimensions of the rectangular working part: width – 154 mm, thickness – 76 mm.

Types for special work

Decorative brush

The name has stuck to narrow flat brushes with a long curved handle and a metal frame radiator. This shape allows you to paint hard-to-reach surfaces of varying degrees of curvature. It is not difficult to guess that they are used to paint radiators. The same brushes with a wide surface are used for outdoor work.

A flat brush with beveled bristles is convenient for painting windows, and a dotted brush with a pointed bristle is used for touching up window frames.

An edge brush is used for finishing the edges and edges of painted surfaces. It differs in that the bristle blocks can be changed.

Fan brushes in decorative painting work ah is used to draw wide lines. Textured brushes made from pig bristles of various bristles are used for decorative finishing. Can be produced with tied bundles various types fibers that are combined into brushes of different widths.

What are paint brushes made of?

IN modern production paint and art brushes use the following materials:

• Natural bristles. It has excellent absorption and release abilities for all types of paint, except water-based paints. For production, backbone pork bristles are used. Qualitative assessment of raw materials occurs by measuring characteristics: elasticity, strength, length and thickness. The spinal bristles reach up to 77 mm in length. By color it is divided into: white, gray, yellow and black. White bristles are considered the highest quality and are obtained by bleaching. The most important characteristic is the degree of natural splitting of the bristles.
• Natural hair. It has less elasticity and rigidity compared to bristles, which is why it is rarely used in its pure form for painting work. Thanks to the scale-like layer, they perfectly absorb and release paint. There are hard and fine hair. The hard one is obtained from horse and cow hair, and the thin one is obtained from the hair of fur-bearing animals. The use of natural hair depends on the characteristics: length, shape, elasticity, softness, wear resistance.

The history of using natural hair in painting goes back several thousand years. At various times, hair from rats, deer, raccoons, hare, livestock, badgers, bears and other animals was used.

• Synthetic fibers are thin threads made of polyester, polyester, nylon and other compounds. They have high resistance to mechanical damage, good softness and elasticity, but insufficient paint collection. This problem is eliminated by artificially splitting the fiber tips and creating additional channels in the cavity. Suitable for all types of paint, including water-based. Every year the quality of synthetic fiber increases with the help of the development of innovative technologies.

Mixed(natural and synthetic) pile is used to combine best characteristics two types - wear resistance and holding capacity. In addition, using synthetic fiber, you can adjust the elasticity, softness and other properties of the brush.

Prices for paint brushes

The abundance of manufacturers of paint brushes and rollers forces the buyer to make a decision at every need to buy a painting tool. In addition to basic knowledge of the variety of species and their areas of application, each time it is necessary to choose the optimal price-quality ratio.

The price of paint and art brushes is largely determined by the quality of the material from which the tuft of bristles is made. And there is no direct dependence on what type of pile is used: natural, synthetic or mixed. For example, a professional flat brush from the American brand WOOSTER made of 50 mm wide nylon and polyester thread will cost about 1,100 rubles, while a brush made from natural high-quality bristles from the same manufacturer will cost 400-500 rubles.

Paint brush- a simple but multifunctional tool that is used in different types finishing works: painting surfaces, applying putty, primer, adhesive mixtures.

For all of the listed types of work, there are other tools - for example, rollers, spray guns, but only using a brush can you carefully draw a line, apply paint to hard-to-reach areas, and avoid its splashing.

In order for the tool to be convenient to work with, you need to choose correct view paint brush. We will talk about the types of products, the features of their selection and use in different types of work below.

Types of brushes

There are many types of paint brushes, which differ from each other as structural device, as well as in size and length of the bristles. These differences play a significant role when choosing suitable tool for a specific type of finishing work, and therefore it is advisable to be able to understand the types of brushes and their purposes in order to choose a painting kit for the upcoming repair correctly. The main types of products are:

Handbrake (KR, KRO, KRS)

These products usually have impressive dimensions (the size of the brush can reach almost 30 centimeters), and the bristles are secured to a short handle with a thick metal rim. Traditionally, tools of this type are used in priming or painting small surfaces. It is recommended to use hand brushes when working with slow-drying paint or primer mixtures that do not contain solvents. The main advantage of the products is their increased resistance to aggressive substances.

Handbrake

Trimming brushes (ШТ)

They are used in work when there is a need to create a roughness effect on a base coated with paint. To achieve the desired result, the brush requires constant care; it must be perfectly clean. Moreover, work with a tool of this type is structured in a special way: the paint is applied with single, sweeping strokes using ShT brushes. Trimming brushes can only be used on already painted surfaces!

Mack brush (KMA)

This tool can have a round shape (the diameter of the ink part is up to 170 millimeters) or rectangular (width up to 200 millimeters). They are valued for their high productivity and the absence of the need for additional leveling (flattening) of the surface after painting with paint. The tool can only be used for water-based paints or aqueous solutions.

Fly brushes (KM)

They are used both for painting substrates and for washing and whitewashing them. The tool is convenient to work on large areas. Products are made from natural hair with a small addition (no more than 30%) of synthetics. The key advantage of this type of instrumentation is its high resistance to moisture, solvents, and other aggressive paint and coating components.

Flute brushes (KF)

Designed for work on leveling the coating on already painted surfaces. Using brushes allows you to smooth out the roughness of the strokes from the initial coloring. Can be used and how independent instrument, if there is a need to create a final glossy layer.

File brushes (FKF)

This tool is small in size, the diameter of the ink part does not exceed 18 millimeters. The use of small brushes is advisable when you need to draw a neat and narrow line; most often the tool is used to create a harmonious transition at the junction of bases painted in different colors.

Flat brushes (KP)

A popular type of product is flat brushes (FB), used in painting, priming work, and when applying varnish compositions to the base. The tool is produced in a wide range of sizes - from 35 to 100 sizes. Size in this case means the width of the handle of the product. The bristles of flat brushes always have a cone shape.

Flat brush

Brush sizes

Separately, it is worth mentioning the size of the brushes. The tool must be selected not only by type, but also by size, since the quality of the work depends on the correct selection of the brush according to this criterion. Let's consider the purpose of paint brushes depending on size:

• Brushes with a diameter of 25 mm are used when painting or varnishing narrow surfaces, glazing beads, rods, small parts and elements;
• Brushes with a diameter of 38 mm are used for painting round objects, ceiling cornices, narrow baseboards, and the edges of window structures;
• Brushes with a working part size of 50 mm are convenient for painting skirting boards standard sizes, window frames, stair railings;
• The tool with a diameter ranging from 63 to 75 mm is universal and can be used in painting wide structural parts, wall surfaces made of different materials.

Most large diameter products - 100 millimeters. A tool of the indicated dimensions will be convenient for painting door designs, flooring, roofing.

Rules for working with a brush

In order for the result of painting a surface with a paint brush to be a source of pride and not disappointment, when working with the tool you should adhere to some rules and know some nuances. Modern brushes are made from different materials - natural bristles, artificial fibers. Natural products are best used when working with oil and alkyd paints; brushes with threads made of nylon or other synthetics are ideal for acrylic paints and varnishes.

Before using it for the first time, the bristles of the product should be thoroughly washed in a warm soapy solution and then dried thoroughly. Washing will allow you to remove damaged fibers and dust from the working base of the tool. The presence of these elements can negatively affect the quality of coloring. It is advisable to “develop” the tool: to do this, add a little paint to the bristles of the brush and make a couple of strokes on the rough surface. After this procedure, the working part of the product takes on a cone-shaped shape, which ensures uniform coloring and ease of working with the brush in general.

When working with the tool, it is advisable to adhere to the following simple recommendations:

• You should never dip your brush into a container of paint to its full depth. The tool should be immersed strictly to the middle of the pile part and then, pulling it out of the container, be sure to lightly tap on the inner walls of the jar to remove excess coloring composition on the instrument.

Under no circumstances should you smear excess paint on the can. With this method of removing excess, the uniformity of the layer of coloring composition on the bristles of the brush is disrupted, so the strokes will turn out rough and unsightly.

• The surface must be pre-prepared for painting. The rules for preparing the base depend on the material it is made of. For example, metal surfaces need to be cleaned of dust and rust, uneven and rough bases must be thoroughly primed.
• For bases made of different materials, there are rules for applying paint, which should also be studied in advance: for example, painting and whitewashing the ceiling covering always starts from the shadow side and gradually approaches the window; wood surfaces are painted by moving the brush along the fibers of the natural material.
• For achievement best result during work, it is recommended to apply paint or primer mixture in several layers.

You not only need to be able to work with a paint brush correctly: the tool requires maintenance so that it does not lose its useful functionality after the first use. If there is a long break during the painting process, the brushes should be soaked in a container of water during the break.

After completing the work, the tool is thoroughly washed in special solutions that will remove any remaining paint from the pile, and dried.

You can clean the pile of the product with regular soda. To do this, the brush should be placed in a container with baking soda and hold it for a while. Afterwards, the bristles are thoroughly rinsed in a clean warm water and dries.

To prevent the bristles of the tool from losing its softness, it is recommended to wrap the brush in thin parchment paper.

We hope that the information presented in this article helped you get useful information about a paint brush, understand the types and rules of working with the tool.

GOST 10597-87

Group Zh36

STATE STANDARD OF THE USSR UNION

Paint brushes and brushes

Specifications

Painting brushes. Specifications

OKP 48 3327

Date of introduction 1988-01-01

INFORMATION DATA

1. DEVELOPED AND INTRODUCED by the Ministry of Construction, Road and Municipal Engineering

DEVELOPERS

A.I. Polunin (topic leader), V.A. Safonova

2. APPROVED AND ENTERED INTO EFFECT by Resolution of the State Construction Committee of the USSR dated December 22, 1986 N 59

3. INSTEAD GOST 10597-80

4. REFERENCE REGULATIVE AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS

5. REPUBLICATION. November 1993 With Amendment No. 1, approved in November 1990 (IUS 2-91)

This standard applies to brushes intended for painting work in construction.

1. Technical requirements

1.1. Main Dimensions

1.1.1. Paint brushes and brushes must be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard according to working drawings and reference samples agreed upon with the base standardization organization and approved in the prescribed manner.

1.1.2. Paint brushes and brushes must be made of the following types:

KR, KRS, KRO - hand-brushes intended for priming and painting surfaces;

KP - flat brushes intended for priming, painting, and also for coating surfaces with varnish;

KM - fly brushes intended for washing, priming, whitewashing and painting surfaces;

KMA - paint brushes intended for painting surfaces with aqueous solutions;

KF - flute brushes, intended for processing (fluting) freshly painted surfaces by smoothing brush marks;

KFK - panel brushes intended for finishing operations;

SHT - trimming brushes intended for processing freshly painted surfaces and giving them a rough, matte appearance.

1.1.3. The main dimensions of brushes and brushes must correspond to those indicated in Figures 1-11, 17a and in Tables 1-6.

Examples of the design of the holder of brushes of types KR, KRS, KRO, KF and KP are shown in drawings 15-18 of Appendix 1.

Brushes of standard sizes KR50, KR55, KRS50, KRS55, KRO50-KR060 and type KM, regardless of the length of the beam, must be manufactured with a beam tie.

Brushes of standard sizes KR20-KR45, KRS20-KRS45 and KRO20-KRO45 must be manufactured with bundle binding if the beam length exceeds that indicated in Tables 1 and 2 by more than 7 mm.

When making brushes with a bundle, it is recommended to use removable inserts.

The length of the bundle binding must be no less than the excess length of the bundle indicated in Tables 1 and 2.

1.1.4. Symbols for brushes and brushes should consist of: symbols types or standard sizes, design of brushes and designation of this standard.

An example of a symbol for a KM type fly hand:

Fly brush KM GOST 10597-87

The same, handbrake hand size KR20:

Handbrake handbrake KR20 GOST 10597-87

The same, flute brush, standard size KF25, version 1:

Flute brush KF25-1 GOST 10597-87

1.2. Characteristics (properties)

1.2.1. The clips with the handle and the beam, as well as the pads with the beam, the handle or the holder, must be firmly connected.

The strength of the connection should be determined by tearing out a bundle of fibers with a diameter of 5 mm with a force of at least:

147 N (15 kgf) - for brushes of types KR, KRS, KRO, KP, KM, KF, KFK;

49 N (5 kgf) - for brushes and brushes of types KMA, ShchT.

1.2.2. The brush block of the ShchT type can be manufactured without an overlay, provided that the strength of the connection between the handle and the block is maintained in accordance with clause 1.2.1.

When making the handles of brushes of types KP and KF from polyamide, and the clips from tin, it is allowed not to connect the parts of the brushes with nails, provided that the requirements of clause 1.2.1 are met.

To fasten the holder with the handle and insert of the KF type brushes, it is allowed to use metal brackets. The handles of brushes of the KF type can be made as solid cast parts with a clip and inserts.

_______

*Size for reference.

The handles of brushes of types KF and KM can be placed at an angle from 35 to 45 degrees. relative to the brush beam.

KM type brushes can be manufactured without a safety ring.

Brush holders may have hooks that provide suspension of brushes on containers with paint and varnish composition.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

1.2.3. The beam density coefficient of brushes of types KR, KRS, KRO, KP, KF, KM must be at least 0.6.

1.2.4. Brushes of types KR, KRS, KRO (with the exception of brushes of standard sizes KR20, KR25, KRS20, KRS25, KRO20, KRO25), KP, KF and KM must have inserts.

The cross-sectional area of ​​the liner relative to the total area of ​​the bundle should be no more than: 30% - for a bundle of drawn bristles or rod bristles; 40% - " " " other type of raw materials.

Liners area greater than 30% total area beams for brushes of types KR and KM should be round in shape.

The inserts should be located in the center of the brush beam.

Table 1

1.2.5. The tolerance for alignment of the clip, block and handle relative to the general axis of symmetry of the hand is 3 mm.

1.2.6. The wood for parts of brushes and brushes must be healthy, free from cracks, rot, sprouts and wormholes.

Knots with a diameter of more than 5 mm are not allowed. There should be no more than 2 knots on the handles of the brushes. In this case, the knots must be healthy and fused with the wood. Other flaws and defects in wood should not exceed the standards for 2nd grade lumber according to GOST 2695 and GOST 8486.

1.2.7. The humidity of parts of brushes and brushes made of wood should not be more than 12%.

1.2.8. Tinplate clips, as well as safety rings, should not have dents, torn edges, or rust stains.

1.2.9. Plastic parts must be protected from burrs and must not have chips, swelling, wavy surfaces, warping, lack of fusion, shells, or cracks.

1.2.10. Handles and blocks made of wood must be covered with linseed oil or have a paint coating. The paint and varnish coating must comply with class V according to GOST 9.032, operating conditions group U1 according to GOST 9.104.

Handles for brushes and blocks made of hardwood may be made without coating. In this case, the roughness of the outer surfaces should not be more than Rz=100 microns according to GOST 7016.

Handbrake type KRO

________

*Size for reference.

Damn.3

table 2

1.2.11. Penetration of glue into the bundle of brushes of the KR, KRO, KP, KF, KM and KFK types beyond the holder from the bundle side is allowed at a distance of no more than 5 mm, and for brushes of the KRS type - no more than 3 mm from the outer surface of the liner.

Flat brush type KP

________

*Size for reference.

Damn.4

Table 3

Flying brush type KM

1 - ring

Damn.5

Brush type KMA

Execution 1

*Size for reference.

1 - bundle; 2 - block; 3 - handle

Damn.6

Note. The design of the bottom part of the brush is similar to that indicated in Figure 1 of Appendix 1.

Execution 2

(The rest - see execution 1 )

1 - bundle; 2 - holder; 3 - block; 4 - screw

Damn.7

Table 4

Dimensions in mm

Note. The bundles in the block should be evenly spaced.

Flute brush type KF

Execution 1

1 - bundle; 2 - nail; 3 - clip; 4 - liner; 5 - handle

Damn.8

Execution 2

Damn.9

Table 5

Filet brush type KFK
Execution 1 Execution 2

________

*Size for reference.

1 - bundle; 2 - clip; 3 - handle

Damn.10

Table 6

1.3. Requirements for raw materials and materials

1.3.1. For the manufacture of tufts of brushes and brushes, treated pork bristles in accordance with OST 17-98, processed hair in accordance with GOST 12857, synthetic bristles in accordance with regulatory and technical documentation approved in the prescribed manner should be used.

1.3.2. Raw materials and supplies for the manufacture of parts for brushes and brushes must correspond to those indicated in Table 7.

Trimming brush type ShchT

_______

*Size for reference.

1 - bundle; 2 - block; 3 - handle; 4 - overlay; 5 - screw

Damn.11

Note. The number of tufts in the brush holder must be at least 140.

Table 7

Notes:

1. It is allowed to make handles, holders, blocks for brushes and brushes of types KMA and ShchT from low-density polyethylene in accordance with GOST 16338.

2. Bundles of brushes and brushes of the KMA and ShchT types, made from horse or cow hair, are allowed to be edged with natural bristles.

3. It is allowed to make clips, linings, and holders from waste nylon bristles in accordance with OST 6-05-08.

4. It is allowed to make inserts for brushes of the KF type from boxboard in accordance with GOST 7933 or fiberboard grade T-350 or T-400 in accordance with GOST 4598.

1.3.3. Synthetic bristles must meet the following requirements:

- the shape of the fibers should be cone-shaped or cylindrical;

- the working ends of cylindrical fibers intended for brushes, with the exception of brushes of the KMA type, must have flags or must be sharpened;

- the diameter of the fibers at the base should be no more than 0.24 mm.

1.3.4. Brushes and brushes must be resistant to:

- solvents (acetone, benzene, etc.) and aggressive media (solution copper sulfate and lime) - brushes of types KR, KRS and KRO;

- solvents, aggressive media and hot water- brushes type KM;

- solvents - brushes and brushes of types KP, KF; KFK, ShchT;

- aggressive media and hot water - KMA type brushes.

The temperature resistance limit (heat resistance) of bundles of brushes and brushes must be at least 70° WITH.

1.4. Marking

Each brush and brush (handle, clip, block or holder) must be marked with:

- trademark of the manufacturer;

- type or size;

- price (for retail sale).

Note. The method of applying these markings must ensure their preservation during the service life of the brushes.

1.5. Package

1.5.1. Brushes and brushes must be placed in boxes in accordance with GOST 2991, GOST 5959 or GOST 10350.

The inside of the boxes must be lined with waterproof paper in accordance with GOST 8828 or wrapping paper in accordance with GOST 8273.

Each row of brushes and brushes with tufts of bristles or hair should be sprinkled with 1-2 g of technical naphthalene according to GOST 16106.

The use of other anti-moth preparations produced by industry is allowed.

By agreement with the consumer, other packaging is allowed to ensure the safety of brushes and brushes during storage and transportation.

1.5.2. The gross weight of the boxes is no more than 30 kg.

1.5.3. A packing list must be included in the transport container, which must indicate:

- name of the manufacturer;

- symbol of products;

- number of products;

- technical control stamp;

- Date of issue.

1.5.4. Marking of transport containers is in accordance with GOST 14192.

2. Acceptance

2.1. Brushes and brushes must be accepted by the technical control of the manufacturer.

2.2. Acceptance and delivery of brushes and brushes is carried out in batches.

The volume of the batch is determined by agreement of the parties.

The batch must consist of brushes and brushes of the same type or size, made from the same materials, processed in the same way technological process and simultaneously presented for acceptance one document at a time.

2.3. When checking brushes and brushes for compliance with the requirements of clauses 1.1.2, 1.2.3-1.2.11, 1.3.1-1.3.3, two-stage control is used in accordance with Table 8.

2.4. A batch of brushes or brushes is accepted if the number of defective brushes or brushes in the first sample is less than or equal to the acceptance number, and rejected without assigning a second sample if the number of defective brushes or brushes is greater than or equal to the acceptance number.

Table 8

If the number of defective brushes in the first sample is greater than the acceptance number, but less than the rejection number, a second sample is carried out.

A batch of brushes is accepted if the number of defective brushes in two samples is less than or equal to the acceptance number, and rejected if the number of defective brushes in two samples is greater than or equal to the acceptance number.

2.5. Brushes or brushes must be checked for compliance with the requirements of clauses 1.2.1 and 1.3.4 at least once a year or when replacing the raw materials used or manufacturing technology, for which 0.1%, but not less than 3 pieces, are selected from the batch. brushes or brushes.

If, when checking the selected brushes or brushes, at least one product does not meet the requirements of paragraphs 1.2.1 and 1.3.4, repeated tests should be carried out on a double number of products selected from the same batch.

If the results of re-testing the batch of brushes or brushes are unsatisfactory, they will not be accepted.

The results of re-inspection of products are final.

2.6. The consumer has the right to carry out a control check of the quality of brushes and brushes, while observing the given procedure for sampling and applying the test methods established by this standard.

3. Test methods

3.1. The dimensions of brushes, brushes and their parts, as well as the requirements provided for in clause 1.2.11, are checked using measuring instruments, the measurement error of which± 0.1 mm, and templates.

Brushes with strapping according to clause 1.2.11 are not checked.

(Changed edition, Rev. N1).

3.2. Testing bundles of brushes and brushes for heat resistance is carried out by immersing the bundle in hot water at a temperature of (70 ± 2) ° C and maintaining them at this temperature for 1 hour.

The water temperature is measured with a thermometer, the measurement error is ±1°C.

3.3. Testing of parts of brushes and brushes for resistance to solvents or aggressive environments is carried out by immersing the brushes or brushes in a solvent or aggressive environment.

Tests of all types of brushes and brushes, with the exception of brushes of the KMA type, are carried out in one of the following ways:

- by keeping for 1 hour alternately in solvents N 646 according to GOST 18188, R-12 according to GOST 7827, solutions of copper sulfate and lime at a temperature not lower than 20° WITH;

- by keeping alternately in acetone, benzene, solutions of copper sulfate and lime for 8 hours in each of them.

Brushes of types KP, KF, KFK and ShchT are not tested in solutions of copper sulfate and lime.

Testing of brushes of the KMA type is carried out by keeping them alternately in solutions of copper sulfate and lime for 8 hours.

The concentration of the copper sulfate solution must be at least 10%, the lime solution must contain sediment.

After testing according to paragraphs 3.2 and 3.3 and drying, the bundles are not allowed to develop curling, lengthwise shrinkage or fragility.

Note. Brushes and brushes must be washed in running water after each stage of testing.

3.4. The strength of the connection of bundles of brushes with a holder and handle, as well as blocks with a bundle, handle or holder, is determined on a tensile testing machine with a breaking force of 300 N (30 kgf) or using a dynamometer in accordance with GOST 13837 using a special device indicated in Fig. 12.

1 - cartridge; 2 - mandrel; 3 - handle; 4 - brush; 5 - metering zone

Damn.12

Tests are carried out in the following sequence:

- a bundle of a brush or brush with a diameter of 5 mm, selected in the peripheral part of the brush, is inserted into the hole of the cartridge and secured in it using a movable cone. After this, the brush or brush with the specified device is installed on the tensile testing machine, securing the brush handle and device in it, or a dynamometer is used and the readings are taken on the machine or dynamometer.

The indicators must correspond to the values ​​given in clause 1.2.1.

Determination of the strength of the connection of bundles of brushes and handles is determined in at least two places.

The arithmetic mean of the results of two measurements is taken as the value of the joint strength.

3.5. The beam density coefficient of brushes of types KR, KRS, KM, KFK and brushes of types KRO, KP, KF is checked using special devices indicated in Fig. 13 and 14, respectively.

1 - clamp; 2 - brush; 3 - base; 4 - fixed part of the device;

5 - movable part of the device; 6 - stand; 7 - cargo

Damn.13

1 - clamp; 2 - brush; 3 - base; 4 - fixed part of the device;

5 - movable part of the device; 6 - stand; 7 - cargo

Damn.14

The bundle should be compressed in the middle of its length.

The beam density coefficient K is determined by the formula

,

where S 1 - square cross section the beam at the exit from the brush holder before it is inserted into the device;

S 2 - cross-sectional area of ​​the hand beam after it is compressed in the device by force P, measured as follows.

The brush is installed in the device so that the middle of the beam is on the edge of the moving part of the device. Lower the moving part of the device. Using a stop, secure the hand in the device and apply a static load P:

- for brushes of types KR, KRS, KM and KFK... 49 N (5 kgf),

- for brushes of types KRO, KP and KF... 29.4 N (3 kgf).

The static load P is composed of the mass of the load and the moving part of the device.

The cross-sectional area of ​​the beam is determined according to the scale of the device.

3.6. The requirements of clause 1.2.5 are checked using the device indicated in Figure 18 of Appendix 2, or a template.

3.7. The requirements of clauses 1.2.6, 1.2.8, 1.2.9 are checked visually by comparison with a reference sample.

3.8. The moisture content of wood handles is determined according to GOST 16588-79.

3.9. The roughness parameter of wood parts is determined by comparing them with a standard sample or on a device.

4. Transportation and storage

4.1. Packed brushes and paintbrushes may be transported by any type of transport, provided measures are taken to protect the paintbrushes and brushes from mechanical damage and exposure to moisture.

4.2. Storage of brushes and brushes - according to storage conditions group C GOST 15150.

Application 1

Mandatory

Examples of clip design

Versions of handbrake types KR, KRO

Execution 1 Execution 2 Execution 3

1 - bundle; 2 - clip; 3 - liner; 4 - handle

Damn.15

1 - bed; 2 - stand; 3 - stopper; 4 - ring-bar;

5 - liner; 6 - holder; 7 - scale; 8 - slider; 9 - brush

Damn.18

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

Construction technologies are developing, but in the field of painting the main tools are still rollers and brushes. We've covered rollers, and now let's talk about brushes, their variety and how to use them for various jobs.

The most common and popular option is fluted paint brushes (CF). They are well known to everyone who has in one way or another encountered painting walls, slopes, windows and other surfaces.

The flutes are flat, with a spatula, the bristles are securely secured with a metal cover. Typically the length of the bristles is 60 millimeters. Flat brushes are more convenient to use; they can be of different sizes, so you can buy several at once so that you can paint free space with a wide brush, and use thinner brushes to paint window bars or ceiling skirting boards, For example.

The handles of flute brushes can be plastic or wooden; they are also flat, ergonomic and fit well in the hand. Painting experts note that a flat brush can absorb enough a large number of paint, this allows you not to apply strokes too often and eliminates the appearance of smudges. The flute allows you to apply paint in any direction; with the correct technique, there will be no splashes. These brushes are used with all types of paint, varnish, drying oil, and enamels.

The opposite of flanges are panel tassels (KFK). They are round and small in diameter. They are not suitable for painting walls and other large surfaces; usually, panel brushes are used where delicate work is needed, for example, for applying stencil designs to already painted surfaces. In addition, panel brushes can be used to pull out panels and apply paint to hard to reach places, a much thicker brush simply won’t reach.

Handbrake (KR). Round brushes that can have different diameters, usually from 30 to 50 millimeters. Paints surfaces smoothly and can be used for priming, painting tight spaces and small areas.

Wash brush. Traditionally used for whitewashing, washing walls, and washing out whitewash. Nowadays such brushes are usually made from linden bark, cleared of knots and soaked in a container where air does not penetrate. The fibers are separated into thin strips and wound into a tassel. Wash brushes hold water or solution well, but when working with them it will be very difficult to avoid splashing.

Oval brush. It is considered professional and is rarely used by novice painters. The oval shape allows you to apply strokes on both narrow and wide surfaces. Usually the ratio of the brush is 1:2, that is, by simply turning it sideways, you can get twice as wide or narrow bristles.

As for the bristles of paint brushes themselves, they can be natural or artificial. For example, for thin file brushes, soft bristles are usually used, which are made from kolinsky or squirrel hair. The best hard brushes are those made from half-ridge or spine bristles. They splatter paint less and pick up more paint. But such brushes made from natural ridge bristles are usually more expensive.

Brushes made from horsehair are cheaper, but their bristles quickly lose flexibility and fall off, and they do not last long. Synthetic fiber- a good option, if correct use This brush will last a long time. But artificial brushes hold less paint, it can drip onto the floor, and the consumption with them is slightly higher.

To check the quality of the bristles, you should bend it - it should quickly restore its original shape. The hairs should not bristle; they should be spaced evenly and evenly. Split ends of the bristles and hair loss immediately after the first bend are unacceptable.

The brushes are manufactured in accordance with GOST 10597-87.

Brushes are resistant to solvents: acetone - at least 8 hours; solvents 646, 647 - at least 1 hour. The temperature limit of resistance of brush bundles is not less than plus 70 degrees Celsius.

The guaranteed shelf life of brushes is 12 months from the date of manufacture.

Flat flute brushes (KF)

Working part width: 25, 35, 40, 45, 50, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 90, 100 mm, working part thickness 6, 10 and 14 mm.

Designed for processing (flatting) freshly painted surfaces by smoothing out brush marks and obtaining a smooth glossy surface.

Working part consists of a bunch of pork bristles (OST 17-98-86) fixed in a tinplate frame (GOST 13345-85). The handle is made of birch (GOST 2695-83).

Flute radiator brushes (KFR)

A type of flute brush, it has a longer handle, and the clip has a bend. It is thanks to this that it is easier to paint hard-to-reach places with a radiator brush, this is especially convenient when painting heating radiators, sectional structures, remote corners, quarters and other non-linear structures.

Working part width: 25, 40, 50 mm, thickness 6 mm.

Handbrake handbrake (KR)

Paint brushes made of natural bristles. The brushes are manufactured in accordance with GOST 10597-87. Designed for priming and painting surfaces. The working part consists of a clip and a tuft of bristles (BH) or horsehair (HH). Used to attach a bunch of pile epoxy resin(GOST 20907-75). Tinplate clip (GOST 13345-85). The handle is round, turned and polished, made of birch (GOST 2595-83).

KP series: horsehair is fixed in a polypropylene clip. The handle is round, turned and polished, made of birch.

Diameter of the working part: 25, 35, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70 mm.

Flat bristle brushes (KHZHP)

The brushes are manufactured in accordance with GOST 10597-87. Designed for priming, painting, and also for coating surfaces with varnish. The working part consists of a bunch of pork bristles (OST 17-98-86) fixed in a tinplate frame (GOST 13345-85). The handle is made of birch (GOST 2695-83).